ALUMNI MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NAME: VASANTHAKUMAR K
REG NO: 212003925

PATRICIAN COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE

BCA SHIFT -2
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT
An Alumni Management System project using PHP and MY SQL aims to
develop an efficient and user friendly system.(AMS) is a web-based
platform that enables educational institutions to maintain a database of
their alumni and keep track of their activities. The system allows alumni
to stay connected with their alma mater and with each other, facilitating
networking opportunities, mentorship programs, and job placement.

The AMS provides an easy-to-use interface for alumni to update their

personal information, including their contact information, education
history, professional experience, and achievements. Alumni can also
create profiles that showcase their skills, interests, and aspirations. The
system also enables alumni to post job openings and search for job
opportunities.

The AMS facilitates communication between alumni and the institution

through newsletters, email campaigns, social media, and events. The
system allows the institution to send targeted messages to specific
groups of alumni, based on their location, graduation year, major, or
interests. The system also allows the institution to track alumni
engagement and measure the effectiveness of its communication efforts.

Overall, an Alumni Management System is a powerful tool for

educational institutions to build and maintain strong relationships with
their alumni, increase alumni engagement, and leverage the expertise
and resources of their alumni community to benefit the institution and
its current students.
1.2 Technologies used for Web Development

1.2.1 DATABASE TOOLS MySQL:

MySQL is a fast, easy to use relational database. It is currently the most

popular open-source database. It is very commonly used in conjunction
with PHP scripts to create powerful and dynamic server side applications.
MySQL is used for many small and big businesses. It is developed,
marketed and supported by MySQL AB, a Swedish company. It is written
in C and C++

. 1.2.2 PROGRAMMING TOOLS PHP:

• PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor.

• PHP is an interpreted language, i.e., there is no need for compilaƟon.

• PHP is a server-side scripting language.

• PHP is faster than other scripting languages, for example, ASP and JSP.
• Open Source Software: PHP source code is free available on the web,
you can develop all the version of PHP according to your requirement
without paying any cost.

• Platform Independent: PHP are available for WINDOWS, MAC, and

LINUX & UNIX operating system. A PHP application developed in one OS
can be easily executed in other OS also.

• Compatibility: PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used

today like Apache, IIS etc.

• Embedded: PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and
scripts
EXISTING SYSTEM

The Current alumni platform that offers a comprehensive set of features,

including a searchable alumni directory, event management tools, email
campaigns, social media integration, and fundraising features. The
platform also offers a mobile app that enables alumni to stay connected
on the go management system is mostly which involves.

Disadvantages in alumni management system:

1. Cost: Depending on the size and complexity of an institution's
alumni community, an AMS can be a significant investment.
Implementation and ongoing maintenance costs should be
carefully considered before choosing a system.

2. Data privacy concerns: An AMS will typically contain a large

amount of sensitive personal information about alumni, including
contact information, education history, and employment
information

3. User adoption: Even with a comprehensive set of features, an AMS

will only be effective if alumni are using it. Ensuring high levels of
user adoption can be a challenge, and institutions may need to
invest in marketing and communication efforts to encourage
alumni to use the system.
4. Technical issues: As with any technology platform, technical issues
can arise with an AMS. These issues can range from minor bugs to
more significant outages, and institutions should have contingency
plans in place to ensure minimal disruption to alumni engagement
efforts.
1.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

1. Alumni directory: A searchable alumni directory that allows alumni

to update their contact information, education history, professional
experience, and other relevant details. The directory would also
allow alumni to search and connect with other alumni based on
location, graduation year, major, and other criteria.

2. Events management: The AMS would enable the institution to

manage alumni events, including reunions, networking events, and
career fairs. Alumni would be able to RSVP and register for events
through the platform, and the system would provide event
management tools to help the institution plan and execute
successful events.

3. Mentorship programs: The AMS would facilitate mentorship

programs between alumni and current students. Alumni would be
able to sign up as mentors and provide guidance and advice to
students in their field of expertise.

4. Job postings: Alumni would be able to post job openings and

internship opportunities on the platform, and current students
would be able to search and apply for these opportunities.

5. Communication tools: The system would provide email campaigns,

newsletters, and social media integration to enable the institution
to communicate with alumni effectively. The platform would also
provide targeted messaging capabilities, allowing the institution to
send tailored messages to specific groups of alumni based on their
interests, location, or other criteria.

6. Fundraising tools: The AMS would provide fundraising features to

help the institution raise money from alumni, including online
giving, donor management tools, and analytics to track fundraising
progress.

7. Analytics and reporting: The system would provide data analytics

and reporting tools to help the institution measure and improve
alumni engagement efforts
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
CHAPTER-2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Introduction System

Analysis is an investigation into a problem and how a new system will

solve it. It is the most essential part of the development of a project of a
system analysis. System analysis consists of system element, process and
technology.

To analyse a system, must study the systems in detail. The analyst has to
understand the functioning and concept of the system in detail, before
design the appropriate computerbased system that will meet all the
requirements of the existing system. The system analyst has to carry out
a customary approach to use the computer for problem solving

2.1.1 Feasibility study

The basic idea behind feasibility study is to determine

whether the project is feasible or not. Feasibility is conducted to identify
a best system that meets all the requirements. This includes an
identification, description, an evaluation of the proposed systems and
selection of the best system for the job. The requirements of the system
are specified with a set of constraints such as system objectives and the
description of the out puts. It is then duty of the analyst to evaluate the
feasibility of the proposed system to generate the above results

Three key factors are to be considered during the feasibility study. Three
key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

1. Economic Feasibility

2. Technical Feasibility

3. Operation Feasibility

2.1.2 Operation feasibility

An estimate should be made to determine how much effort and care will
go into the developing of the system including the training to be given
to the user. Usually, people are reluctant to changes that come in their
progression. The computer initialization will certainly affected the turn
over, transfer and employee job status. Hence an additional effort is to
be made to train and educate the users on the new way of the system

2.1.3 Technical feasibility

The main consideration is to be given to the study of available resources

of the organization where the software is to be implemented. Here the
system analyst evaluates the technical merits of the system giving
emphasis on the performance, reliability, maintainability and
productivity. By taking the consideration before developing the
proposed system, the resources availability of the organization was
studied. The organization was immense computer facilities equipped
with sophisticated machines and the software hence this technically
feasible.

2.1.4 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic feasibility is a kind of cost-benefit analysis of the examined

project, which assesses whether it is possible to implement it. This term
means the assessment and analysis of a project's potential to support
the decision-making process by objectively and rationally identifying its
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks associated with it, the
resources that will be needed to implement the project, and an
assessment of its chances of success. It consists of market analysis,
economic analysis, technical and strategic analysis
2.2 OVERALL DECRIPTION 2.2.1

PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web

development but also used as a general-purpose programming
language. While PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, it now
stands for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor, PHP code is interpreted by a
web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting
web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML
source document rather than calling an external file to process data.

It has also evolved to include a command-line interface capability and

can be used in standalone graphical applications.

• It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL,

PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

• PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an

Apache module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started,
executes even very complex queries with huge result sets in record.

• PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP,

and LDAP. PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object
architectures (COM and CORBA), making development a possibility for
the first Time. • PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as
possible. • PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Implementation: The PHP language was originally implemented as an

interpreter, and this is sell the most popular Implementation. Several
compilers have been developed which decouple the PHP language from
the interpreter. Advantages of include better execution speed, static
analysis, and improved interoperability with code written in other
languages. PHP source code is compiled on-the-fly to an internal format
that can be executed by the PHP engine. In order to speed up execution
and not have to compile the PHP source code on the web page is
accessed, PHP scripts can also be deployed in executable format using a
PHP compiler.
Characteristics of PHP: Five important characteristics make PHP's
practical nature possible:

• Simplicity

• Efficiency

• Security

• Flexibility

• Familiarity

Use:

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to

server side web development where PHP generally runs on a web server.
Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually
to create dynamic web page content or dynamic images used on
websites or elsewhere. It can also be used for command line scripting
and client-side graphical user interface (GUI) applications. PHP can be
deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms,
and can be used with many relational database management systems
(RDBMS). Most web hosting providers support PHP for use by their
clients. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the
complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their
own use. PHP performs system functions, i.e., from files on a system it
can create, open, read, write, and close them.

 PHP can handle forms, i.e., gather data from files, save data to a file,
thru email you can send data, return data to the user.

 You add, delete, modify elements within your database thru PHP.

 Access cookies variables and set cookies.

 Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages

2.2.2 HTML5:

HTML5 is cooperation between the World Wide Web

Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application

Technology Working Group (WHATWG). HTML5

introduces elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on

modern websites. Some of them are semantic replacements

for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>)

elements, for example<nav> (website navigation

block),<footer> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to

last lines of HTML code), or <Audio>,<Video> and instead of

<Object>

Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been

dropped, including purely presentational elements such as

<font>and<center>, whose effects have long been superseded

by the much more powerful Cascading Style Sheets. There is

also a renewed emphasis on the importance of DOM scripting

(e.g., JavaScript) in Web behaviour. Declaring that the

document contains HTML5 mark-up with the HTML5

doctype.

Syntax:

<!DOCTYPE html >

Error Handling:

An HTML5 (text/html) browser will be flexible in handling

incorrect syntax. HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can

safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML

4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for

and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers

will produce the same result in the case of incorrect syntax.

Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behaviour for "tag

soup" documents, those documents are not regarded as

conforming to the HTML5 standard.

2.2.3 JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript was released by Netscape and Sun Microsystems

in 1995. However, JavaScript is not the same thing as Java.

JavaScript is most commonly used as a client side

scripting language. This means that JavaScript code is written

into an HTML page. When a user requests an HTML page with

JavaScript in it, the script is sent to the browser and it's up to

the browser to do something with it .The fact that the script is

in the HTML page means that your scripts can be seen and

copied by whoever views your page. Nonetheless, to my

mind this openness is a great advantage, because the flip side

is that you can view, study and use any JavaScript you

encounter on the WWW.

JavaScript can be used in other contexts than a Web

browser. Netscape created server-side JavaScript as a CGIlanguage that

can do roughly the same as Perl or ASP. There is

no reason why JavaScript couldn’t be used to write real,

complex programs. However, this site exclusively deals with

the use of JavaScript in web browsers.

Implementing JavaScript:

There are three ways to add JavaScript commands to Web

Pages.

• Embedding code

• Inline code

• External file

Uses of JavaScript:

 Use it to add multimedia elements: With JavaScript you

can show, hide, change, resize images, and create image

rollovers. We can create scrolling text across the status

bar.

 Create pages dynamically: Based on the user's choices,

the date, or other external data, JavaScript can produce

pages that are customized to the user.

 Interact with the user : It can do some processing of

forms and can validate user input when the user submits

the form.

2.1.4 CSS

A CSS (cascading style sheet) file allows you to separate your

web sites (X)HTML content from it’s style. As always you use

your (X)HTML file to arrange the content, but all of the

presentation (fonts, colors, background, borders, text

formaƫting, link effects & so on…) are accomplished within a

CSS.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of

document content (written in HTML or a similar mark-up

language) from document presentation, including elements

such as the layout, colours and fonts. This separation can

improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and

control in the specification of presentation characteristics,

enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce

complexity in the structural content (such as

by allowing for table less).

Use:

In CSS, the presentational attributes of HTML documents

were contained within the HTML markup; all font colours,

background styles, element alignments, borders and sizes

had to be explicitly described, open repeatedly, within the

HTML.

CSS allows authors to move much of that information to

another file, the style sheet, resulting in considerably simpler

HTML.

Headings (h1 elements), sub-headings (h2), sub-subheadings (h3), etc.,

are defined structurally using HTML. In

print and on the screen, choice of font, size, colour and

emphasis for these elements is presentational.

2.1.5 MYSQL

MySQL is an open source relational database

management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing

mulƟ-user access to a number of databases. It is named

cofounder Michael Widenius' daughter, My. The SQL phrase

stands for Structured Query Language

The MySQL development project has made its source

code available under the terms of the GNU General Public

License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.

MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm,

the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle

Corporation.

MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web

applications, and is a central component of the widely used

LAMP open source web application software stack (and other

'AMP' stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache,

MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python." Free-software-open source

projects that require a full-featured database management

system open use MySQL.

MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS used being used

for many small and big businesses. MySQL is developed,

marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish

company. MySQL is becoming so popular because of many

good reasons.

 MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you

have nothing to pay to use it.

 MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It

handles a large subset of the functionality of the most

expensive and powerful database packages.

 MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data

language.

 MySQL works on many operating systems and with many

languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA etc.

 MySQL works very quickly and works well even with

large data sets.

 MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated

language for web development.

 MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows

or more in a table. The default file size limit for a table is

4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system

can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes

(TB).

MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows

programmers to modify the MySQL software to fit their own

specific environments.

Interface:

MySQL is a relational database management system

(RDBMS), and ships with no GUI tools to administer MySQL

databases or manage data contained within the databases.

Users may use the included command line tools, or use

MySQL "front-ends", desktop software and web applications

that create and manage MySQL databases, build database

structures, back up data, inspect status, and work with data

records.
The official set of MySQL front-end tools, MySQL Workbench

is developed by Oracle, and is freely available for use.

Features are implemented in MySQL 5.0:

• Information Schema:

The introduction of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database in

MySQL 5.0 provided a standards-compliant means for

accessing the MySQL Server's metadata; that is, data about

the databases (schemas) on the server and the objects which

they contain.

• Instance Manager:

Can be used to start and stop the MySQL Server, even

from a remote host. Precision Math. MySQL 5.0 introduced

stricter criteria for acceptance or rejection of data, and

implemented a new library for fixed-point arithmetic. These

contributed to a much higher degree of accuracy for

mathematical operations and greater control over invalid

values.

• Storage Engines:

New storage engines were added and performance of others

was improved.

 New compact storage format which can save up to 20%

of the disk space required in previous

MySQL

 Faster recovery from a failed or aborted ALTER TABLE.

 Faster implementation of TRUNCATE TABLE. o

Performance Improvements in the NDBCLUSTER Storage

Engine:

 Faster handling of queries that use IN and BETWEEN.

Condition pushdown:

In cases involving the comparison of an

unindexed column with a constant, this condition is "pushed

down" to the cluster where it is evaluated in all

simultaneously, eliminating the need to send no matching

records over the network. This can make such queries 10 to

100 faster than in MySQL.

Optimizer enhancements:

Several optimizer improvements were made

to improve the speed of certain types of queries and in the

handling of certain types.

These include:

 MySQL 5.0 introduces a new “greedy” optimizer

which can greatly reduce the required to

arrive at a query execution plan. This is

where several tables are

to be joined and no good join keys can otherwise

be found. Without the greed complexity of the search for an execution

plan is calculated as N!, where N is the number of tables

to be joined. The greedy optimizer reduces this to

N!/(D-1)!, where D is the depth of the search.

Although the greedy optimizer does not

guarantee the best possible of all execution plans

(this is currently being worked on), it can reduce

the spent arriving at an execution plan for a

join involving a great many tables—30, 40, or

more—by a factor of as much as 1,000. This

should eliminate most if not all situation where

users thought that the optimizer had hung when

trying to perform joins across many tables.

 Use of the Index Merge method to obtain better

optimization of AND and OR relations over

different keys. (Previously, these were optimized

only where both relations in the WHERE clause

involved the same key.) This also applies to other

one-to-one comparison operators (>, 4 OR key2 <

7and even combinations of conditions such as

WHERE (key1 > 4 OR key2 < 7) AND (key3 >= 10

OR key4 = 4.

2.3 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

Software requirements deal with defining software

resource requirements and prerequisites that need to be

installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an

application. These requirements or pre-requisites are

generally not included in the software installation package and

need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

The most common set of requirements defined by any

operating system or software application is the physical

computer resources, also known as hardware, a hardware

requirements list accompanied by a hardware

compatability list (HCL)

2.3.1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

The hardware requirements may serve as the basis for a

contract for the implementation of the system and should

therefore be a complete and consistent specification of the

whole system. They are used by software engineers as the

starting point for the system design. It should what the system
2.3.2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

The software requirements document is the specification of the system.

It should include both a definition and a specification of requirements. It
is a set of what the system should do rather than how it should do it. The
software requirements provide a basis for creating the software
requirements specification. It is useful in estimating cost, planning team
activities, performing tasks and tracking the teams and tracking the
team’s progress throughout the development activity.
SYSTEM DESIGN
 CHAPTER-3

SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical

representation of the "flow" of data through an information

system, modeling its process aspects. Often they are a

preliminary step used to create an overview of the system

which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for the

visualization of data processing (structured design).

A DFD shows what kinds of information will be input to and

output from the system, where the data will come from and

go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show

information about the coming of processes, or information

about whether processes will operate in sequence or in

parallel (which is shown on a flowchart)

It is common practice to draw the context-level data flow

diagram first, which shows the interaction between the

system and external agents which act as data sources.

 SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
 MODULE
DESCRIPTION
 CHAPTER-5 MODULE DESCRIPTION
An alumni management system is a software application designed to
manage and maintain the database of an educational institution's former
students. Here's a module description for an alumni management system

HOMEPAGE MODULE:

Contains Home page interface with Sign up & LOGIN options

SIGN UP MODULE:

SIGN UP for new users with their name and mail id &

password

LOG IN PAGE MODULE:

LOG IN page for already user that can be accessed with our

login id which has STUDENT LOGIN

1.GALLERY MODULE

2.LOGIN MODULE
IMPLEMENTATION
 IMPLEMENTAION

System implementation generally benefits from high

levels of user involvement and management support. User

participation in the design and operation of information

systems has several positive results. First, if users are heavily

involved in systems design, they move opportunities to bold

the system according to their priorites and business

requirements, and more opportunites to control the

outcome. Second, they are more likely to react positively to

the change process. Incorporating user knowledge and

leads to better solutions.

The relationship between users and information

systems specialists has traditionally been a problem area for

information systems implementation efforts. Users and

information systems specialists tend to have different

backgrounds, interests, and priorities. This is referred to as

the user-designer communications gap. These differences

lead to divergent organizational loyales, approaches to

problem solving, and vocabularies.

Types of Implementation

• Direct changeover

• Parallel running or as known as parallel

• Pilot introduction or as known as pilot

• Well-trade

• Phased Implementation
CODING: