Professional Documents
Culture Documents
반도체물성과소자11장
반도체물성과소자11장
E Fi 와 E F간의 전위차 fp 는
문턱전압(threshold voltage)
4 s fp
x dT ( ) 1 / 2 : 최대 공간전하 폭
eN a
4 s fn
x dT ( )1 / 2
eN d
Fig 11.12 (a) 접촉 전 MOS계의 에너지 준위 (b) 접촉 후 열적 평형에서의 MOS 구조의 에너지 밴드 그림
E
e m ' eV e ' e s0 e
g
ox 0 fp
2
E
s 0 [ m ' ( '
g
V ox 0 fp )]
2e
E : the metal-semiconductor work
ms [ m ' ( ' g
fp )]
2e function difference.
11.1.3 일함수 차
p+ polysilicon gate ,
Eg Eg Eg
ms [( ' ) ( ' fp )] ( fp )
e 2e 2e
Eg
ms m ' ( ' fn )
2e
11.1.3 일함수 차
V ox 0 s 0 ms
게이트 전압이 인가된 경우
V G V ox s (V ox V ox 0 ) ( s s 0 )
V G V ox s ms
11.1.4 평탄대 전압
가정 1. 반도체내 순 전하 0
2. 등가 고정표면 전하밀도는 산화막 내에 존재
Q ss '
V ox
C ox
평탄대 상태 표면전위는 0 또는 Φs=0
Q ' ss
V G V FB ms (MOS 평탄대 전압)
C ox
11.1.5 문턱전압
(the magnitude of the maximum space charge density per unit area
of the depletion region. )
11.1.5 문턱전압
전자 농도 증가할수록 표면 전위 상승.
- 전자 농도 급속히 변화, 표면 전위는 아주 작은 변화를 하지만
공간 전하폭이 최대.
11.2.1 이상적인 C-V 특성
*We will initially assume that there is zero charge trapped in the oxide and also that there is no charge
trapped at the oxide-semiconductor interface.
The capacitance per unit area of the MOS capacitor for this accumulation mode is just the oxide capacitance
ox
C ' ( acc ) C ox
t ox
11.2.1 이상적인 C-V 특성
1 1 1 CoxC 'SD
or C ' (depl)
C ' (depl) Cox C 'SD Cox C 'SD
Cox ox
C ' (depl)
C
1 ox tox ( ox ) xd
C 'SD s
If the inversion charge can respond to the change in capacitor voltage as indicated in
Figure 11.26b, then the capacitance is again just the oxide capacitance
ox
C ' ( inv ) C ox
t ox
11.2.1 이상적인 C-V 특성
ox
C ' FB
ox kT
t ox ( ) ( )( s )
s e eN a
: 평탄대 커패시턴스
11.2.2 주파수 효과
Q ' ss 등가 고정 산화막 전하
V FB ms
C ox
금속 –반도체 일함수 차
For small values, the channel region has the characteristics of a resistor, so we can write
I D g dVDS
where is defied as the channel conductance in the limit as . The channel conductance is given by
W
gd n | Q 'n |
L
11.3.2 전류-전압 관계-개념
When VDS increases to the point where the potential drop across
the oxide at the drain terminal is equal to VT , the induced inversion
charge density is zero at the drain terminal.
When VDS>VDS(sat) .
If we assume that the change in channel length Δl is small
compared to the original length l, then the drain current will
be a constant for VDS>VDS(sat) .
: saturation region
11.3.2 전류-전압 관계-개념
When changes, the versus One basic requirement for this device is that the channel thickness
tc must be less than the maximum induced space.
curve will change.
W n C ox
ID [ 2 (V GS V T )V DS V DS2 ] : Non-saturation region
2L
W n C ox : saturation region
ID (V GS V T ) 2
2L
11.3.3 전류-전압 관계-수학적인 유도
Assumptions
1. The current in the channel is due to drift rater than diffusion.
2. There is no current through the gate oxide.
3. A gradual channel approximation is used in which
∂ Ey/∂y>> ∂Ex/∂x. This approximation means that Ex is essentially
a constant.
4. Any fixed oxide charge is an equivalent charge density at the
oxide-semiconductor interface.
5. The carrier mobility in the channel is constant.
the inversion layer charge per unit area : Q' n en( y)dy
I x W n Qn ' E x
11.3.3 전류-전압 관계-수학적인 유도
Gauss's law E
s
n dS Q T
E dS
s
n ox EoxWdx QT
ox
ox E ox [(V GS V x ) ( ms 2 fp )]
t ox
Q ' ss Q ' n Q ' SD (max)
dV x
I x W n C ox [(VGS V x ) VT ]
dx
L Vx ( L )
0
I x dx W nCox
Vx ( 0 )
[(VGS VT ) Vx ]dVx
WnCox
ID (VGS VT )VD S
L
The deviation from the straight line at low values of VGS is due to
subthreshold conduction and the deviation at higher values of VGS
is due to mobility being a function of gate voltage.
WnCox
I D (sat) (VGS VT )
2L
W pCox
ID [2(VSG VT )VSD VSD
2
]
2L
for VSD(sat) ≤VSD
W pCox
I D (sat) (VSG VT ) 2
2L
VSD ( sat) (VSG VT )
The MOSFET trans-conductance is defined as the change in drain current with respect
to the corresponding change in gate voltage.
I D
gm
V GS
If we consider an n-channel MOSFET operating in the non-saturation region,
I D WnCox
g mL VDS
VGS L
n-channel MOSFET in the saturation region
I D ( sat ) W n C ox
g ms (VGS VT )
VGS L
In the saturation region, the trans-conductance is a linear function of VGS and is
independent of VDS .
11.3.5 기판 바이어스 효과
gm gm W nCox
fT , g ms (VGS VT )
2f (C gsT C M ) 2CG L
W nCox
(VGS VT )
gm L (V V )
Ideal case, the cutoff frequency is fT n GS 2 T
2CG 2 (CoxWL) 2L
11.5 CMOS 기술
11.5 CMOS 기술
In the CMOS layout, the p+-source to n-substrate to p-well to n+-source forms such
a four-layer structure.
11.5 CMOS 기술