Concave mirror Steam : Water vapour that vapourises from boiling water

High Specific Latent Heat Capacity, poor conductor

Characteristic Water(27 oC) → Boil (100 oC) → Steam = Q = MƖv + mc θ
1. Curved inward Thermal Equilibrium : No net flow of heat
2. It is a converging mirror, light converges at a point and reflects back Specific Latent Heat Capacity ↑ , release heat/cool air slow
3. Distance of object from mirror ↓ , the image will be Virtual *Upright*Magnified able to keep cool for a longer period
4. Distance of object from mirror ↑ , the image will be Real*Inverted*Diminished poor heat conductor
Good heat insultaor
Definitions
Focal Point, F : A point on the principle axis where all reflected parallel ray meet and Total Internal Reflection
converge Definition : Total reflection that occurs when the incident angle is larger than critical
Focal Length, f : The distance between the object and the surface of the mirror angle
Radius of Curvature, CP : The distance between the center of curvature and the surface Optical Fibre : Total Internal Reflection
of the mirror Very fast (speed of light)
Object Distance, u : The distance between the object and the surface Able to carry many information
Image Distance, v : The distance between the image and the surface Cheap / light /flexible
Critical Angle : When light ray travel between different mediums, at one angle the light
1
will be diffracted 90o from the normal line
n
Impulsive Force Critical Angle (Formula) : sin c **No unit
Definition: Rate of change of momentum
Formula: Unit : .....N Periscope : prism periscope 
**place a convex lens in front of the periscope → to produce clearer and
F = Impulsive force , m = mass , v = final velocity , u = initial velocity , t = time sharper image
Crumble Zone : increase the impact time , reduce the impulse, reduce the damage to
the passenger
(Modification) Skateboard : (etc) ....should be soft → increase impact time /reduce
impulse

Essay Questions【SONAR】 2D
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
-frequency ↑ , penetrative power↑
v
Definition : Amount of heat needed to change the state of 1kg object from liquid to gas Calculation : t
-energy ↑ , able to go deeper
Formula : Q = MƖv Unit : J kg-1 V = speed of sound
-speed of wave (ultrasonic) ↑ , delay ↓ D = Distance
Q = Heat (J) , M = mass (kg) , Ɩv = Specific Latent Heat of Vapourisation
-wavelength ↑ , easy to be diffracted T = time