1. Art of spreading the parts of an organism to attain their position, 30.
30. appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of
relations, function, and structure anatomy
2. Cutting something to see what’s inside anatomy
3. Concerned with the effect of disease on cell, tissue, organ, and
system (specialty of physio) pathological physiology
4. the language of medicine. For those not familiar with this, they
may seem difficult to pronounce and may appear to be rather
complicated. However, just as when learning any language, once
the structure of the vocabulary is known, the words themselves
become understandable. Medical terminology
5. position closer to the surface of the body. Superficial
6. Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination Urinary system
7. results when cell, organ or system adjusts its activity automatically
8. the study of the normal function of cell, tissue, organs, systems,
and organisms physiology
9. types of connective tissue fibers and ground substances
10. Face up orientation supine
11. It is a stratified squamous epithelial membrane resting on top of
connective tissue.
12. Concerned with specific organ (specialty of physio) special
physiology
13. Major organs of the cardiovascular system heart, blood, blood
vessels
14. front or direction toward the front of the body. anterior
15. Forms of Microscopic Anatomy cytology and histology
16. Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
17. Protects Against environmental hazards integumentary system
18. Superficial marking (form of GA) surface anatomy
19. Distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature
cardiovascular system
20. Clinical technology allows many different views of the body
Xray, positron emission tomography scan, computerized
tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, ultrasound
images, spiral CT scans, digital subtraction angiography images
21. Major Organs of the Nervous System
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Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral nerves, Sense Organs
22. an organ or cell that responds to the command of control center
Effector
23. Concerned with cells (form of MA) Cytology
24. allow organs to change in shape and size cavities
25. Specialties of Anatomy Gross & Microscopic Anatomy
26. By using precise anatomical terminology, we eliminate ambiguity
27. position farther from the surface of the body. Deep
28. secretion that involves the rupture and destruction of the entire
gland cell Holocrine secretion
29. It modifies the meaning of a word. It usually consists of one or two
syllables and is placed before the root word. Prefix
irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
31. Concerned with cells (specialty of Physio) Cell Physiology
32. side or direction toward the side of the body. lateral
33. thinness of the cell, is present where rapid passage of chemical
compounds is observed simple squamous epithelium
34. Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs)
respiratory system
35. Returns tissues fluids to the bloodstream lymphatic system
36. Bone and Cartilage (Provide structure and strength to the body and
protect soft tissues) supportive connective tissue
37. epithelium, refers to the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces
of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways, and forms
certain glands. Epithelial tissue
38. Subdivisions of the thoracic cavity left and right pleural cavities,
mediastinum, abdominopelvic, pelvic
39. Specific area (form of GA) Regional anatomy
40. foundation of a medical term. It usually indicates the body organ or
anatomical part which is being described. Root word
41. Types of Tissues
Ecang Connected My Nene
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
42. Like blood cells, mast cells are derived from _____ ____ _____
and are part of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells
43. occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or
mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the
fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input
or by other disturbances Negative feedback
44. _____, ___ ______, ________, _____ ____, and ________ ____
are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the
immune system protecting the body
Mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, phagocytic
cells
Mary Marga Likes Pineapple Pizza
45. Generalized Functions of Epithelial Tissue
46. formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; these
fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network;
found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular
tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor
and provide structural support to the parenchyma
47. describes tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that
give the appearance of more than one layer. pseudostratified
48. it is composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective
tissue, for example, your skin epithelial membranes
49. a plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides
parasagittal plane
50. Provides protection and support for other tissues muscular system
51. It is responsible for keeping internal environment within certain
limits. Homeostatic regulation
52. Functions of connective tissues
Support and connect other tissues
Protection
Transport of fluid, nutrients, waste, and chemical messengers
Adipose cells store surplus energy
53. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as ______ because of the
deposited calcium salts. calcified
54. apical surface of this membrane is exposed to the external
environment and is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help
protect the body from desiccation and pathogens.
Cutaneous membrane
55. Processes and digests food and absorbs and conserves water
Digestive system
56. Provides support and protection for other tissues skeletal system
57. Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Sobra Talagang Love ni Liza si Tiza
Spleen, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, tonsils
58. thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (for
example, skin), the organs (for example, pericardium), internal
passageways that lead to the exterior of the body (for example,
abdominal mesenteries), and the lining of the moveable joint
cavities.
Tissue membrane
59. Stores energy reserves Digestive system
60. This cavity is bordered by the pelvis, with a floor of muscle
Pelvic cavity
61. Concerned with tissues (form of MA) Histology
62. Homeostatic regulation involves _ _ _
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Receptor, control center, effector
63. New gland cells differentiate from cells in the surrounding tissue to
replace those lost by secretion Holocrine secretion
64. Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
Nervous system
65. A subdivision of the thoracic cavity that is lined by the peritoneum
and extends from the diaphragm to the superior margins of the
pelvis
Abdominopelvic Cavity
66. Deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter
Physiology
67. Ventral cavity that contains the heart and lungs Thoracic Cavity
68. made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long
and straight fiber Collagen Fiber
69. while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and
give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and
strength.
70. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the
movement of the body
71. Provides sounds for communication
72. Provides milk to nourish newborn infant
73. Faced-down orientation
74. The ending that follows a root word
75. contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other
proteins and glycoproteins; after being stretched or compressed, it
will return to its original shape; prominent in elastic tissues found
in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column.
76. Specific system (form of GA)
77. a position below or lower than another part of the body prope
78. Concerned with system (specialty of physio)
79. Body cavity that includes the thoracic cavity and the
abdominopelvic cavity
80. first connective tissue to develop in the embryo, stem cell line from
which all connective tissues are later derived.
81. Generates heat that maintains body temperature
82. Major organs of the integumentary system
83. All vertebrates share a basic pattern of organization, most
noticeable during embryology
84. Major Organs of the Endocrine Glands
85. - a large cell derived from a monocyte
86. two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has
been cut
87. _________ and ______ secreted by fibroblasts combine with extra-
cellular fluids to produce a viscous ground substance that, with
embedded fibrous proteins, forms the extra-cellular matrix.
88. divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower
portions.
89. Recite the 10 directional terms
90. Levels of Organization
91. back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is
posterior to the patella.
92. most common type of stratified epithelium in the human body.
93. Changes from conception to physical maturity conception to
physical maturity
94. Recite the standard anatomical position
95. Provides movement
96. Serous fluid that Covers abdominal organs and forms double sheets
of mesenteries that suspend many of the digestive organs.
97. refers to the sheets of cells
98. 2 types of glandular epithelium
99. A plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front)
portion and a posterior (rear) portion.
100. number of cell layers in the tissue can be one— where every cell
rests on the basal lamina
101. Major Organs of the Respiratory System
102. Specialties of Physiology
103. Includes the loose connective tissues and dense connective tissue
(Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers
suspended in a viscous ground substance)
104. The purpose of this language is not to confuse, but rather to
increase precision and reduce medicalerrors.
105. Provides and interprets sensory information about external
conditions
106. accumulates near the apical portion of the cell. That portion of the
cell and its secretory contents pinch off from the cell and are
released.
107. More than one layer, only the basal layer of cells rests on the basal
lamina cell shape of epithelial tissue
108. internal chambers holding vital organs
109. How does a cell/organ work?
110. excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide
movement, and occurs as three major types
111. Supports developing embryo from conception to delivery
112. Provides oxygen on the bloodstream and Removes carbon dioxide
to the bloodstream
113. processes information supplied by receptor and generates a
response (command)
114. examples of endocrine gland
115. rectangular, taller than it wide cell shape of epithelial tissue
116. Forms of Microscopic Anatomy
117. protect vital organs
118. 2 types of tissue membrane
119. this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body
120. a natural lubricant that enables the bones of a joint to move freely
against one another without much friction.
121. the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux
is the medial toe.
122. 3 classifications of the Connective Tissues
123. Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body
124. An example of negative feedback
125. store lipids as a single large drop and are metabolically less active.
Their effectiveness at storing large amounts of fat is witnessed in
obese individuals.
126. 4 Planes referred to in anatomy and medicine
127. composite of connective and epithelial tissues. Sometimes called
mucosae, these line the body cavities and hollow passageways that
open to the external environment, and include the digestive,
respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts.
128. Mammalian skin is an example of this dry, keratinized, stratified
squamous epithelium
129. Major Organs of the Digestive System
130. group of cells found together in the body. The cells within a tissue
share a common embryonic origin.
131. Serous fluid that covers the heart
132. Types of Epithelial Membranes
133. AKA Wharton’s Jelly
134. a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or
the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.
135. Major Organs of the female reproductive system
136. Stores calcium and other minerals
137. (each pleural cavity contains one lung) lined by the visceral and
parietal pleura
138. Defends against infection and disease
139. Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems
140. Helps regulate body temperature
141. Major Organs of the Skeletal System
142. Cavity that contains the liver, stomach, spleen and most of the
large intestine
143. Cells that Store lipids as many drops,High Metabolic activity
144. arrangement gives the appearance of stratification; but in fact all
the cells are in contact with the basal lamina, although some do not
reach the apical surface
145. Major Organs of the Muscular System
146. Flattened and thin cell shape of epithelial tissue
147. Excretions from exocrine gland
148. Excretes waste products from the blood
149. results from activity of nervous system or endocrine system
150. Directs immediate responses to stimuli
151. Standard body “map”.
152. fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between
153.
154. Controls many structural and functional changes during
development
155. These line the coelomic cavities of the body, that is, those cavities
that do not open to the outside, and they cover the organs located
within those cavities.
156. contains the pericardium (pericardial cavity), another serous
membrane that surrounds the heart
157. found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules
(These granules contain the chemical signals _____ and ______)
158. structure made up of one or more cells modified to synthesize and
secrete chemical substances
159. Produced by by the epithelial exocrine glands, covers the epithelial
layer
160. ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding
tissues and fluids
161. Absorbs nutrients (ions, water, and the breakdown products of
dietary sugars, proteins, and fats)
162. A plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and
left sides
163. Anatomical terminology is derived from _____ and _____ because
these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation, the
meaning of their words does not change.
164. A gland in which its secretions leave through a duct that opens
directly, or indirectly, to the external environment
165. a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the
trunk of the body. The brachium Is proximal to the antebrachium
166. In ____ ______ an initial stimulus produces a response that
enhances the change in the original condition.
167. a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, and provides an
attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying
connective tissue.
168. the most abundant cell in connective tissue proper.
169. is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes
encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable
joints.
170. Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including
nutrients, waste products, oxygen, carbon dioxide
171. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release ________, an
inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased
blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching,
swelling, and redness recognized as an allergic response
172. Produces male sex cells (sperms) and hormones
173. Major Organs of the Urinary System
174. 3 major types of Muscle Tissue
175. Serous fluid that covers the lungs
176. Lymph and Blood (Various Specialized cells circulate in a watery
fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins.)
177. 2 body cavities
178. recruit other cells of the immune system to infected sites and
stimulate their activities
179. Most common type of secretion
180. Every organism must maintain _______for survival
181. a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.
The orbits are superior to the oris.
182. Found in the glands and ducts and is uncommon
183. 3 classifications of serous fluids
184. binds the cells and organs of the body together and functions in the
protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body.
185. Regulates blood ion concentration and Ph
186. composed of mesodermally derived epithelium (mesothelium) that
is supported by the connected tissue
187. Controls water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced
188. senses an environmental change or stimuli
189. cavity that contains the reproductive organs, urinary bladder and
the final portion of the large intestine
190. Major organs of the Male Reproductive System
191. 2 general points with homeostasis
192. effectively traps available water to form the synovial fluid
193. cells in a tissue share morphological features and are arranged in an
orderly pattern that achieves the tissue’s functions.
194. Boxy, as wide as it is all cell shape of epithelial tissue
195. Provides sensory information
196. Types of adipocytes
197. The basal lamina attaches to a ____ ____, which is secreted by the
underlying connective tissue, forming a ______ _______ that helps
hold it all together
198. Forms blood cells
199. Cell types of connective tissues
200. reinforced by bundles of fibers that provide tensile strength,
elasticity, and protection.
201. a multipotent adult stem cell - can differentiate into any type of
connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged
tissue.
202. the nucleus of the box like cells appears round and is generally
located near the center of the cell.
203. Body cavity that includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
204. imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body.
205. the inner layer of the synovial membrane release hyaluronan into
the joint cavity.
206. Cell shapes of epithelial tissues
207. Found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock
and bind tissues together. It allows water, salts, and various
nutrients to diffuse through to adjacent or imbedded cells and
tissues.
208. Transverse planes produce images referred to as ___ _______.
209. also excitable, allowing the propagation of electrochemical signals
in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different
regions of the body
210. When stimulated, macrophages release ______, small proteins that
act as chemical messengers.
211. Cells that store lipids that fill most of the cytoplasm
212. connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely
movable joint.
213. Other cells move in and out of the connective tissue in response to
______ _____.
214. secretions are enclosed in vesicles that move to the apical surface
of the cell where the contents are released by exocytosis
215. It means “own layer” and help support the fragile epithelial layer
216. Fluid secreted by the cells of the thin squamous mesothelium,
lubricates the membrane, and reduces abrasion and friction
between organs
217. Its Cell Junction is a specialized intercellular connection between
their cell membranes formed by adjoining cells
218. nucleus of the tall column-like cells tends to be elongated and
located in the basal end of the cells. Like the cuboidal epithelia,
this epithelium is active in the absorption and secretion of
molecules.
219. gradual changes in the shapes of the apical cells as the bladder fills
with urine. It is found only in the urinary system
220. 3 methods of secretion
221. tissue forms in the umbilical cord and is no longer present after
birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the
body.
222. Fibroblast are present in all connective tissue proper. Fibrocytes,
adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells are fixed cells, which means
they remain within the connective tissue.
223. less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type
in connective tissue proper.
224. a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from
the blood vessels.
225. secreted by fibroblasts, it is made of polysaccharides, specifically
hyaluronic acid, and proteins.
226. These combine to form a ________ with a protein core and
polysaccharide branches.
227. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the
clear, viscous, colorless matrix known as ______ _________.
228. Cells that store lipids that fill most of the cytoplasm
229. _____ adipose tissue is most abundant. It can appear yellow and
owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food.
White fat contributes mostly to lipid storage and can serve as
insulation from cold temperatures and mechanical injuries. White
adipose tissue can be found protecting the kidneys and cushioning
the back of the eye.
230. _____ adipose tissue is more common in infants, hence the term
“baby fat.”
231. The many _________ in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue
help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat.
232. Brown adipose tissue is _________, meaning that as it breaks
down fats, it releases metabolic heat, rather than producing
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key molecule used in metabolism.
233. shows little specialization.
234. contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is
distributed in a random, web-like fashion.
235. fills the spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph
vessels, and supports organs in the abdominal cavity. It underlies
most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of
epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later
section.
236. mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic
tissue, the spleen, and the liver.
237. Reticular cells produce the __________ _____ that form the
network onto which other cells attach. It derives its name from the
Latin reticulus, which means _____ ____.
238. Dense regular connective tissue consists of _________ _____
packed into parallel bundles. Dense irregular connective tissue
consists of collagenous fibers interwoven into a mesh-like
network.
239. The distinctive appearance of the cartilage is due to
polysaccharides called ________ ______, which bind with ground
substance proteins to form proteoglycans. Embedded within the
cartilage matrix are __________, or cartilage cells, and the space
they occupy are called _______ (singular = lacuna).
240. layer of dense irregular connective tissue that encapsulates the
cartilage.
241. Cartilaginous tissue is _________, thus all nutrients need to
diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. This is a
factor contributing to the very slow healing of cartilaginous tissues.