Parts of Brain

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Central nervous system
(CNS)
Brain Spinal Cord
• lies within the • lies within the
Cranial Cavity Vertebral Canal

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• Structurally, both the brain and spinal cord
consist of grey and white matter

• Therefore, sections through the CNS

present greyish and whitish regions

Grey matter –
• consists of nerve cell bodies & dendrites

White matter –
• predominantly of myelinated nerve fibres
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 Brain Spinal Cord

• Grey matter is • Grey matter is

present at the present in the
periphery center

• White matter in • White matter at

the center the periphery

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Functionally, CNS is concerned with-

1. Reception and integration of sensory

information from within and outside
the body

2. Production of motor responses which

are appropriate to the sum of the
sensory information received by it

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• CNS develops from a
hollow neural tube
• whose cavity persists
in the adult brain and
spinal cord in form of
different cavities

• Developmentally-
1. Forebrain
2. Midbrain
3. Hindbrain
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Forebrain–
1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon

Midbrain

Hindbrain–
1. Pons
2. Medulla oblongata
3. Cerebellum

Brainstem-
Midbrain, pons and medulla
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 Part of Brain Cavity

Cerebrum  Lateral ventricles

Diencephalon (thalamus  Third ventricle

and hypothalamus)

Midbrain  Cerebral aqueduct

Hind brain (pons, medulla  Fourth ventricle

and cerebellum)

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 Cerebrum
• Largest part of the brain

consists of two large hemispheres-

• Left and Right cerebral hemispheres

• Occupy-
– Anterior cranial fossae
– Middle cranial fossae
– Posterior cranial fossa (Supratentorial region)
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Sulci and Gyri

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Lateral surface

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Medial surface

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 Coronal section
• Basal nuclei/ganglia

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 Diencephalon
• Part of brain between the cerebrum and
the brainstem

Main components :
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Metathalamus
4. Epithalamus
5. Subthalamus
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Brainstem

1.Midbrain

2.Pons

3.Medulla

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Base of brain

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Base of brain

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Interpeduncular fossa

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Median sagittal section

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Cerebellum

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Spinal cord

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Applied

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