Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Excel Formulas and Functions (logical functions & text functions, financial functions,
VLookup and reference functions)
A formula is an expression that operates on values in a cell or range of cells. Another term
that is very familiar to Excel formulas, and that is "function". They are different in the way
they are used. A formula begins with an equal sign. Whereas functions are used to perform
complex calculations and have names that reflect their intended use.
Example of a multiplication problem.
10 X 15 = 150
Assume 10 and 15 are entered in cell A2 and B2 respectively of excel sheet. We can solve
this problem using formula and function as follows. We display the formula result in cell C2
and display function result in D2. Where A2, B2, C2, D2 are cell called as cell address.
Type the formula in cell C2
= A2 * B2
Type following function in cell D2
= PRODUCT (A2:B2)
The result of both the expressions; formula and function is 150.
Know more Formulas and Functions of Excel: https://exceljet.net/formulas
Relative, Absolute and Mixed (raw locked and column locked) cell reference
1. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Example: If the
formula =A1+B1 is copied from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2.
2. Absolute references, remain constant no matter where they are copied. Row and
Column is prefixed by $ ($A$1). Example: If the formula = $A$1+$B$1 is copied
from row 1 to row 2, the formula will remain =$A$1+$B$1.
3. In Mixed cell reference either column is locked or row is locked. Example: If $A1 is
copied in B2, it will become A2. If A$1 is copied in B2, it will become B1
Exercise 2: UNIT III Structure – Work Progress. Use of relative and absolute cell
reference, Calculate Achieve as on (in %), Achieve Cumulative (in %), Achieve Cumulative
(in MT) (running total, use SUM function e.g. =SUM($B$4:B4)), Percentage = Total Scope
of work in MT divided by Achieve as on (in MT). Use absolute cell reference for Total Scope
of work in MT (prefix $ to row and column both). Format Achieve as on (in %) and Achieve
Cumulative (in %) to percentage. Plot a S-curve of Achieve as on (in %) and Achieve
Cumulative (in %). Use VLookup to find Achieve as on, Achieve Cumulative, Achieve as on (in
%) and Achieve Cumulative (in %)
UNIT III Structure - Progress
Total Scope of work in MT 3205.028
Achieve as on (in Achieve Cumulative Achieve as on
Month MT) (in MT) (in %) Achieve Cumulative (in %)
2 Developed by Dr. Vijaya Desai
Feb-10 195.622
Mar-10 135.13
Apr-10 27.783
May-10 528.244
Jun-10 540.362
Jul-10 712.119
Aug-10 190.48
Sep-10 90.779
Oct-10 54.317
Nov-10 45.233
Dec-10 104.612
Jan-11 65.487
Feb-11 84.683
Mar-11 56.333
Apr-11 77.936
May-11 111.326
Jun-11 36.298
Assignment: 1
Create following table in Excel and calculate amount of work completed of each activity
and total cost of work completed for project. Use formulas or Functions appropriately.
Programme for month of Nov 2011
UOM Quantity Rate Amount
Aerocon Block Masonry Sqmt 690 2,346
Block works 200mm thk Cum 240 5,941
Block works 150mm thk Sqmt 500.00 967
Internal Plastering Sqmt 2,500.00 229
External Plastering Sqmt 1,800.00 369
MS Frame Works for shops Sqmt 800.00 4,303
White Wash Sqm 500.00 37
Logical operators are used in formulas to compare two values. These operators include Equal
to (=), Not equal to (<>), Greaten than (>) and Less than (<).
Logical functions are used to carry out multiple comparison in the formula. These include
AND (satisfy all criteria/arguments), OR (satisfy either of the criteria/arguments), and NOT.
The following table provides a short summary of what each logical function does to help you
choose the right formula for a specific task.
Formula
Function Description Formula Description
Example
The formula returns TRUE if a
Returns TRUE if all
=AND(A2>=10, value in cell A2 is greater than or
AND of the arguments
B2<5) equal to 10, and a value in B2 is
evaluate to TRUE.
less than 5, FALSE otherwise.
The formula returns TRUE if A2 is
Returns TRUE if greater than or equal to 10 or B2 is
=OR(A2>=10,
OR any argument less than 5, or both conditions are
B2<5)
evaluates to TRUE. met. If neither of the conditions it
met, the formula returns FALSE.
Returns the
reversed logical
value of its
The formula returns FALSE if a
argument. I.e. If the
NOT =NOT(A2>=10) value in cell A1 is greater than or
argument is
equal to 10; TRUE otherwise.
FALSE, then
TRUE is returned
and vice versa.
Create email ID using first letter of First name and first letter of last name with domain
@nimar.ac.in. Use LOWER and LEFT function. E.g. =LOWER(LEFT(E18)&G18)&"@nicmar.ac.in"
Combine First name, middle name and last name to display with first letter as upper letter. Use
PROPER, and concatenate (&) function.
Email Combine First name, middle name and last
Full name First middle last name to display with first letter as upper
name name name letter.
Use Use PROPER and concatenate (&)
Use Text to Column LOWER =PROPER(E18&" "&F18&" "&G18)
and LEFT
NITIN MACHHINDRA
THORAVE
SHAILESH GAHUL
GOKHALE
U RAMESH BHARGAV
RUCHITA SATICH BONDE
SAKSHI KRISHNA RAUT
ADITYA KIRAN
NAGULWAR
RAHUL SATISH KUMAR
VENKATA SHIV
ALAVALA
Refer Exercise 3. Add Grade as given in the following table. Mark Performance using SWITCH
function
Grade Performance
5 Pass
8 Distinction
9 Outstanding
8 Distinction
4 Fail
6 First Class
6 First Class
9 Outstanding
e.g. =SWITCH(H3,5,"Pass",8,"Distinction",9,"Outstanding",4,"Fail",6,"First Class")
Exercise 8: Apply conditional formatting to create Gant Chart for the following activity
schedule
Task Name Duration Start Finish
Steps
Create dates from 14 March 2019 till 16 April 2019 in the header row.
Select cells under header of 14 March 2019 till 16 April 2019.
Click Home→Conditional formatting→New Rule. Select Use a formula to determine
which cells to format option from Select a Rule Type.
Use =AND formula to format the cells based on criteria.
E.g. =AND($C3<=E$2,$D3>=E$2). Where C3 and D3 are start and finish dates of activity
respectively. E2 is the date in row.
Exercise 9: Apply arrows to show negative or positive schedule variance in the following
data table. Use Icon Sets of conditional formatting.
Schedule variance
Month (in thousand Rs.)
Feb-10 195.622
Mar-10 -135.13
Apr-10 -27.783
May-10 528.244
Jun-10 540.362
Jul-10 712.119
Aug-10 190.48
Sep-10 90.779
Oct-10 -54.317
Nov-10 45.233
Dec-10 104.612
Jan-11 65.487
Feb-11 84.683
Mar-11 -56.333
Apr-11 77.936
May-11 111.326
Jun-11 36.298
Steps:
Select data under Schedule variance column. Click Home→Conditional formatting→Icon
Sets →More Rules.
Create conditional rule as follows. Green upward arrow for positive variance. Red downward
arrow for negative variance and horizontal arrow for zero variance.
Assignment 3
10 Developed by Dr. Vijaya Desai
Compare Scheduled work with Actual work. Use Wingdings 3 font, IF function and
conditional formatting
Progress Report
Input Arguments
• lookup_value – this is the look-up value you are trying to find in the left-most
column of a table. It could be a value, a cell reference, or a text string.
• table_array – this is the table array in which you are looking for the value. This
could be a reference to a range of cells or a named range.
• col_index – this is the column index number from which you want to fetch the
matching value.
• [range_lookup] – here you specify whether you want an exact match (FALSE or 0 or
an approximate match (TRUE or 1). If omitted, it defaults to TRUE – approximate
match
Input Arguments
• lookup_value – this is the look-up value that you are looking for in the first row of
the table. It could be a value, a cell reference, or a text string.
11 Developed by Dr. Vijaya Desai
• table_array – this is the table in which you are looking for the value. This could be a
reference to a range of cells or a named range.
• row_index – this is the row number from which you want to fetch the matching
value. If row_index is 1, the function would return the lookup value (as it is in the 1st
row). If row_index is 2, the function would return the value from the row just below
the lookup value.
• [range_lookup] – (Optional) here you specify whether you want an exact match or an
approximate match. If omitted, it defaults to TRUE – approximate match
Exercise 10: VLOOKUP with multiple criteria using Helper column, HLOOKUP
Refer the data provided in the following table. Create a table with supplier in the column and
material, rate and UM in rows.
Material Supplier Rate in Rs. UOM
Steel 10 mm Om 75 KG
Steel 10 mm Mukesh 73.5 KG
Steel 10 mm Sai 74 KG
Crushed Sand Om 350 ton
Crushed Sand Mukesh 345 ton
Crushed Sand Sai 340 ton
Clay Red Bricks 9 in x 4 in x 3 in Om 5 each
Clay Red Bricks 9 in x 4 in x 3 in Mukesh 4.6 each
Clay Red Bricks 9 in x 4 in x 3 in Sai 4.5 each
Data Analysis: (data classification using charts, scatter plot, pivot table and charts)
To create Pivot table: click on any cell of your data sheet. Click on Insert
menu→PivotTable→New worksheet→OK
Name the Pivot table: Click any where in the table. Click on Analyse. Type “InquiryData”
under PivotTable Name.
Exercise 11: Data analysis using PivotTable and Pivot Chart
Carry out following analysis on the Data provided in Inquity Table given below.
1. Create PivotTable and name it as InquiryData
2. Number of inquiries received. (Drag Date field and drop in values)
3. Date wise number of inquiries received (Drag date field and drop in Rows & values
both. Make sure Date in values is set to count of Date)
4. Insert the Pivot chart to plot date wise inquiry received. (Click on Pivot table. Click
on Analyze→PivotChart)
5. Find out how many inquiries have received from locations. Format top 5 locations
using conditional formatting
6. Find out number of inquiries received from modes (Online, Phone, Site Visit). Apply
filter on Interested in (1 BHK, 2 BHK, 3 BHK)
7. Find out number of people in Business and in Service. Find how many have loan.
8. Carry out similar analysis on Monthly income and property type
9. Apply conditional formatting suitably.
10. Use activity schedule in Exercise 8. Create PivotTable. Insert Timeline (Select
Pivot table. Click Analyze→Insert→Timeline)
Inquiry Table
S Mod Curre Mon Cur
r. e of nt thly Intere rent
N Nam inqu Occup Inco Proper sted Loa
o. Date e Address Mobile email iry ation me ty type in n
01
January Rake Aundh, 654236 rakesh@gm Onli 1500 First 2
1 2021 sh Pune 5894 ail.com ne Service 00 home BHK No
01
January Bavdhan, 936589 ram@rediff Phon Busine 2500 Second 3
2 2021 Ram Pune 4523 mail.com e ss 00 home BHK No
01
January Kothrud 954678 sita@rediff Onli 9500 First 2
3 2021 Sita Pune 3456 mail.com ne Service 0 home BHK No
01
January 985632 john@gmail Onli Busine 2000 Second 3
4 2021 John Mumbai 458 .com ne ss 00 home BHK Yes
01
January Rahi Warje, 763254 rah@gmail. Onli 7500 First 1
5 2021 m pune 1895 com ne Service 0 home BHK Yes
01
January Kara Pimpri, 785698 kar@rediff Onli 1000 First 2
6 2021 n Pune 5462 mail.com ne Service 00 home BHK No
02
January Shya Deccan 896523 shy@yahoo. Phon Busine 2000 Second 1
7 2021 m Pune 4789 com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
02
January Jose 985625 Jos@gmail. Phon Busine 1500 Second 2
8 2021 ph Mumbai 6987 com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
13 Developed by Dr. Vijaya Desai
02
January Kari 985698 kar@rediff Site Busine 2000 First 2
9 2021 m Sangli 4256 mail.com visit ss 00 home BHK No
02
1 January Suha Aundh, 986532 suh@gmail. Phon 1100 Second 3
0 2021 s Pune 4789 com e Service 00 home BHK Yes
02
1 January Shivaji 963254 prit@gmail. Onli 1100 First 2
1 2021 Priti Nagar Pune 8712 com ne Service 00 home BHK No
02
1 January Meh Hinjewadi, 986589 meh@yahoo Site 8000 First 1
2 2021 er Pune 45 .com visit Service 0 home BHK No
02
1 January Kara Pimpri, 785698 kar@rediff Site 1000 First 2
3 2021 n Pune 5462 mail.com visit Service 00 home BHK No
03
1 January Rake Aundh, 654236 rakesh@gm Site 1500 First 2
4 2021 sh Pune 5894 ail.com visit Service 00 home BHK No
03
1 January Shivaji 963254 prit@gmail. Site 1100 First 2
5 2021 Priti Nagar Pune 8712 com visit Service 00 home BHK No
03
1 January Shya Deccan 896523 shy@yahoo. Site 1500 Second 2
6 2021 m Pune 4789 com visit Service 00 home BHK No
03
1 January Suha Aundh, 986532 suh@gmail. Site 9000 First 2
7 2021 s Pune 4789 com visit Service 0 home BHK No
04
2 January Adit Rasta Peth, 945623 aditya@yah Phon 8500 Second 1
1 2021 ya Pune 58965 oo.com e Service 0 home BHK No
05
2 January Jose 985625 Jos@gmail. Site Busine 5000 Second 3
2 2021 ph Mumbai 6987 com visit ss 00 home BHK Yes
05
2 January Rake Aundh, 654236 rakesh@gm Phon 5500 First 1
3 2021 sh Pune 5894 ail.com e Service 0 home BHK No
05
2 January Kothrud, 732569 amit@gmail Phon 7500 Second 3
4 2021 Amit Pune 85423 .com e Service 0 home BHK Yes
05
2 January Shya Deccan 896523 shy@yahoo. Phon 9600 First 3
5 2021 m Pune 4789 com e Service 0 home BHK No
05
2 January Suha Aundh, 986532 suh@gmail. Phon Busine 2100 Second 1
6 2021 s Pune 4789 com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
06
2 January Pras 965325 pra@yahoo. Onli 6000 First 1
7 2021 hant Baner Pune 6874 com ne Service 0 home BHK No
06
2 January Kara Pimpri, 785698 kar@rediff Phon Busine 1850 Second 1
8 2021 n Pune 5462 mail.com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
06
2 January Jose 985625 Jos@gmail. Phon Busine 1550 First 1
9 2021 ph Mumbai 6987 com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
07
3 January Sand Warje, 963258 sand@gmail Onli Busine 1500 Second 2
0 2021 eep pune 7412 .com ne ss 00 home BHK Yes
08
3 January Aundh, 756935 pet@gmail.c Phon 1500 Second 1
1 2021 Peter Pune 6984 om e Service 00 home BHK Yes
08
3 January Shivaji 963254 prit@gmail. Phon 9000 Second 3
2 2021 Priti Nagar Pune 8712 com e Service 0 home BHK Yes
08
3 January Pras 965325 pra@yahoo. Phon Busine 8500 First 3
3 2021 hant Baner Pune 6874 com e ss 0 home BHK No
14 Developed by Dr. Vijaya Desai
08
3 January Shya Deccan 896523 shy@yahoo. Phon Busine 5000 Second 1
4 2021 m Pune 4789 com e ss 00 home BHK No
09
3 January Sand Warje, 963258 sand@gmail Site Busine 1500 Second 2
5 2021 eep pune 7412 .com visit ss 00 home BHK Yes
10
3 January Shya Deccan 896523 shy@yahoo. Site 1500 Second 2
6 2021 m Pune 4789 com visit Service 00 home BHK No
10
3 January Shivaji 963254 prit@gmail. Site 1100 First 2
7 2021 Priti Nagar Pune 8712 com visit Service 00 home BHK No
10
3 January Sand Warje, 963258 sand@gmail Phon Busine 5000 Second 1
8 2021 eep pune 7412 .com e ss 00 home BHK No
10
3 January Suha Aundh, 986532 suh@gmail. Phon Busine 1500 First 1
9 2021 s Pune 4789 com e ss 00 home BHK Yes
10
4 January Rake Aundh, 654236 rakesh@gm Phon Busine 1500 Second 2
0 2021 sh Pune 5894 ail.com e ss 00 home BHK No
11
4 January Kari 985698 kar@rediff Phon 1100 Second 2
1 2021 m Sangli 4256 mail.com e Service 00 home BHK No
12
4 January Kothrud, 732569 amit@gmail Phon 8500 First 3
2 2021 Amit Pune 85423 .com e Service 0 home BHK No
12
4 January Aks Balewadi, 789654 ak@yahoo.c Phon Busine 3500 Second 1
3 2021 hy Pune 2589 om e ss 00 home BHK Yes
13
4 January Kara Pimpri, 785698 kar@rediff Phon Busine 4000 First 1
4 2021 n Pune 5462 mail.com e ss 00 home BHK No
15
4 January Sand Warje, 963258 sand@gmail Phon 1000 First 3
6 2021 eep pune 7412 .com e Service 00 home BHK No
15
4 January Pras 965325 pra@yahoo. Phon 9500 Second 3
7 2021 hant Baner Pune 6874 com e Service 0 home BHK No
15
4 January Aks Balewadi, 789654 ak@yahoo.c Site 6500 First 1
8 2021 hy Pune 2589 om visit Service 0 home BHK No
Steps
1. Copy table in excel sheet.
2. Insert table: Click anywhere in the sheet. Insert→Table. Provide name as Schedule
3. Insert PivotTable in separate sheet. Click anywhere in the table. Insert→PivotTable.
4. Insert Timeline. Click anywhere on the PivotTable. Insert→Timeline. Select Start and
Finish fields
Create Pivot table for LaborWorkData in separate sheet. (click on the data sheet. Click on
Insert→PivotTable.)
Do the following in the Pivot Table
1. Add Field in Filters.
Insert Slicer for Date, Skill and Name (Click anywhere in PivotTable. Click on
Insert→Slicer. Select fields from the list)
Insert Timeline for the PivotTable. (Click anywhere in PivotTable. Click on
Insert→TimeLine. Select Date field from the list). Format Timeline to , Month unit.
Add some transactions of Labor work in the month of February and March 2021 in the Data
Table Sheet (LaborWorkData)
Update the data in PivotTable. (Click on PivotTable. Click on Analyse→Refresh)
Insert PivotChart. Click on PivotTable. Click on Insert→PivotTable Chart
Assignment 3: Create Gant Chart using PivotTable, slicer, conditional formatting for
the following data.
Use TEXT and LEFT function to extract from the date.
Example, Text Function =TEXT(Value, format_text). Where: Value is the numerical value
that we need to convert to text, Format_text is the format we want to apply
Duration
Code Task Name Start Finish
WBS in days
Ground
Commencing breaking 1
1 the Project ceremony 01-05-2009 01-05-2009
Design Topographical
2
work survey of the
2 Project site 04-05-2009 05-05-2009
Design Architectural
3
work design of the
3 Project 06-05-2009 08-05-2009
Structural
Design
design of the 3
work
4 Project 11-05-2009 13-05-2009
Plumbing
Design
design of the 2
work
5 Project 11-05-2009 12-05-2009
Electrical
Design
design of the 4
work
6 Project 11-05-2009 14-05-2009
Estimating
Design
cost of the 2
work
7 Project 15-05-2009 18-05-2009
Preparation
Design
of Tender 2
work
8 documents 15-05-2009 18-05-2009
Awarding Invite
the Project Contractors 2
9 execution through 19-05-2009 20-05-2009
Steps
1. Copy the above data in a sheet
2. Convert the Date into Date value. Use DATEVALUE function. Example,
=DATEVALUE([@Start])
3. Create Table: Click anywhere in the data sheet. Click in Insert→Table→OK.
4. Rename table to ScheduleData: Design→Table Name. Enter ScheduleData
5. Create PivotTable: Insert→PivotTable→OK
6. Drag and drop Task field in Rows and Start Date and Finish Date fields in Values.
7. Set field value of Start Date and Finish Date to Min. Use Value Field Settings in the
PivotTable
8. Create slicer on WBS: Click on PivotTable. Insert→PivotTable. Select WBS from the
list
9. Arrange WBS items in two columns. Right click on slicer. Click on Size and
Properties. Click on Position and Layout. Enter 2 in Number of Columns for
arranging WBS in 2 columns.
10. Remove Grand Total from the PivotTable: Right Click on Pivot Table. PivotTable
Options→Totals & Filters. Clear the option box Under Grand Totals.
11. Format Date values to date format in the PivotTable. Select Date fields. Right Click→
Format Cell format→Numbers→Date→OK
12. Apply Data Bar conditional formatting on duration.
13. Create two-layer time scale for Gantt Chart.
Example for top layer display month and year
=MIN(GETPIVOTDATA("Min of Start
Date",$A$9,"Code",$A10),GETPIVOTDATA("Min of Finish
Date",$A$9,"Code",$A10))
and =WORKDAY(G8,1)
Bottom layer display date value. Copy from top layer and format it to member. Select
cell. Right click→Format Cell→Custom. Type d in Type. Click OK.
14. Create Gantt Chart using conditional formatting. Home→Conditional
Formatting→New Rule. Select Use formula to determine which cells to format
option. Use following formula. =AND($E10<>"",(MEDIAN($E10,$F10,G$8)=G$8))
15. Use slicer to dynamically display the Gantt Chart as you select WBS from the slicer.
Solver will find the optimal value in terms of minimum, maximum or specified for the
formula in Objective cell, when the values in Variable cells are changed, subject to
limitations in the Constraint cells.
The earlier example: You are owner of a guest house. You are planning to rent it to
customers. You have to put in place some services which will cost you Rs. 50 Lakhs which
should be paid in instalments within 12 months.
The Objective is 12 months (to recover 50 lakhs). Objective 12 should be arrived by using
the formula.
Variable cells will contain variable data, which can be changed to achieve the Objective (here
12). Example Projected tenants per month and Cost towards service to be added in the rent,
are the variables.
Constraint cell will have a constant or fixed value. Example two constraints in the above
example are as follows.
1. Cost of new Service in the building = 5000000
2. Projected tenants per month <= 50
Create a formula calculate No. of months to pay for services. Example =C2/(C3*C4). Note:
Solver will be used to simulate the above problem to get value of the formula = 12.
Run Solver
1. To set Objective: Click on Data →Analyze→Solver. In Set Objective select the
formula cell. in To: select Value of and enter 12.
2. To set variable: In By changing variable cells, select two variable cells. Example:
Projected tenants per month = 50 and Cost towards service to be added in the rent = 1
3. To add constraints: Under Subject to constraints, click on Add. Select cell of Cost of
new Service in the building (5000000). Select =. Enter 5000000 in constraint.
4. Click on Add to add second constraint of Projected tenants per month <= 50 (Select
<= instead =)
5. Click OK after you finish entering all the constraints.
6. Click on Solve.
7. Click on Keep Solver Solution. Click on OK
Power query is an ETL (Extract transform and load) tool used to clean/format the data
suitable for analysis.
Exercise 16: Use of text functions in Power Query. (TRIM, PROPER, LOWER, UPPER,
CONCATENATE etc.)
1. Copy the following table in excel worksheet. Name it as PowerQueryData
2. Convert into table: Click on data. Insert→Table. Name the table as NameList:
Design→Table Name
3. Transform data in Power Query: click on data. Click Data→From Table/Range. Data will
be opened in Power Query Editor.
4. Remove blank spaces (TRIM): Select Last Name column. Click on
Transform→Format→Trim
5. Repeat step 4 for First Name and Middle Name
6. Combine Title, First Name, Middle Name and Last Name (CONCATENATE). Name the
column as Full Name. Select Title, First Name, Middle Name, Last Name (in this