1812

ruseTis

samamulisSvilo omi

petre bagrationi da selim faSa ximSiaSvili

petre ivanesZe bagrationi

Tbilisi

eleqtro-mbeWdavi „sorapani“, madaTovis kunZuli

1912

ruseTis

mamuliSvilebis omi

1812 w.,

petre bagrationi

selim faSa ximSiaSvili.

z. WiWinaZisa

eleqtro-mbeWdavi „sorapani“, madaTovis kunZuli

1912

petrpetre ivanesZe bagrationi

da selim faSa ximSiaSvili.

imperator napoleonis galaSqreba ruseTzed. – solomon

imerTa mefis cda osmaleTSi. – osmalTa imedi saqarTvelo-

dan ruseTis gaZevebis da Tvis moxarkeT gaxdenis.

istoriiT viciT, rom 1810 w., roca ruseTis mxe-

drobam imereTSi fexi Sedga, maSin imereTis SeerTe-

bis Sesaxeb aRZrul iqmna kiTxvebi im traktatis mux-

lebis ZaliT rac mefe ereklem da solomon imereTis

mefem daudo imperatrica ekaterinas 1782 w. raki zu-

rab wereTlis saSualebiT saqme sxva gvar midioda,

maSin patri nikolas rCeviT mefe solomonma ori de-

putacia gagzavna sazRvar gareT, erTi deputacia osma-

leTs sulTans gaugzavna, romelSiac iyvnen sxvaTa So-

ris: Tavadi simon agiaSvili, qaixosro wereTeli da

samic sxva Tavad-aznaurni. imperator napoleonTan

gagzavnil iqmnen patri nikola, rostom niJaraZe da

samic sxva Tavad-aznaurni.

Txovnebi patrma nikolam daswera frangul enazed,

mefem xeli moawera, TxovniT napoleon imperators

atyobinebdnen da sTxovdnen, rom saqarTvelos ruse-

Tis mTavroba evropis saxelmwifoTa daukiTxavad ier-

Tebs, amitom viTxovT daxmarebis aRmoCenas, raTa ime-

reTis samefoc dakavSirebul iqmnes im pirobis ZaliT,

rogorc imperatrica ekaterinas dros iqmna Sedgenili

da miRebuli orsav mxaresao. manam evropidan rame da-

saxmari cnoba movidoda, manamdis imereTi ukve SeerTe-

bul iqmna ruseTis imperiis saqarTvelosTan. es gare-

moeba uomrad da udavidarabod mitom moxda, radganac

imereTis ers survili hqonda ruseTis imperiasTan da-

kavSirebis. amitom mefis cda unayofo iyo. qristian

imereTis eris suli qristian samefo ruseTisaken mii-

weoda da amitom gonieri mefec erTis mxriT styuvde-

boda im mosazrebaSi, rom viTomc igi Tavis momxreebiT

ruseTis winaaRmdeg rames gaawyobda. es ar moxdeboda,

radganac qarTveli glexebi loculobden saqarTvelo-

Si rusebis Semosvlas, musulmanTagan datanjulni da

mobezrebulni qristianobis gamo dRiTi-dRe elodnen

ruseTis imperiis Zalis damyarebas da maTisave daxmare-

biT danawilebul saqarTvelos samTavroebis gaerTi-

anebas.

am azris iyo xalxis umravlesoba, amave azrs uaR-

resad afarTovebda da azvirTebda is garemoebac, rom

mTel saqarTveloSi didi anarqia iyo gamarTuli, aq

xdeboda iseTi saqmeni rom maszed uborotesi sxva aRa-

ra SeiZlebodara, yovelive amis mosaspobad da mSvi-

dobiani wesebis dasamyareblad iyo saWiro Zlieri sa-

qristiano saxelmwifos Zala, misi kanonebi, samarTali

da sxvani, ris msgavsaTac aRmoCnda maSin qarTvelTa wi-

naSe ruseTis imperia, es cxadi istoriuli faqtia.

amitom osmal-sparsTa mecadineoba amaod STeboda ru-

sTa sawinaaRmdegod, igini verafers gaawyobdnen, qarTve-

li glexoba maT sul ar miemxroboda. eseni im azris

iyvnen, rom osmal-sparsT Cveni sikeTe rom sdomodaT,

maSin saqarTvelos arc ase daaqucmacebdnen, arc Cven

ase dagvtanjavdeno. Cven rusni gvirCevnia, radganac isi-

ni qristianebi arian da osmal-sparsebzed gacilebiTac

maRla mdgarni kanonebiT da samarTliTo. umTavresad

ki saqristiano samefo ariso.

amas me pirnaTlaT vaRiareb, aseTi mosazreba ixatebo-

da im drois qarTvel glexTa gulsa da sulSi. daquc-

macebuli saqarTvelos samefos wesebis dakavSireba ru-

seTis imperiasTan maT miaCndaT qarTvel glexTa gansa-

TavisufleblaT, radganac aq igini sastikaT idevnebo-

den mebatoneTagan da garda amisa xSirad cxvris fara-

saviT osmals-sparseTSic rekavden da iq musulmanebzed

hyidden maT, sadac bolos islamTan dakavSirebac ux-

debodaT da rac maT sjulidan sjulzed gadasvla ga-

mocvla didaT emZimebodaT.

qarTvel glexTa viTareba rom aseTi iyo, amis Se-

saxeb xSiraT ulaparaknia CvenSi kargaT cnobil poets

general leitenants grigol orbelians, poets gene-

ral vaxtang orbelians, istorikoss general platon

ioselians, general leitenants levan meliqiSvils,

ataman general leitenants giorgi erisTavs da bevrs

kidev sxva aseTebs, Cven aq yvelas saxelebs ver mo-

vTvliT. grigol orbeliani ityoda xolme, rom ru-

sebis mosvlisaTvis qarTveli glexebi yovelTvis lo-

culobdnen da RmerTs sTxovden, rom maT droiT Se-

moedgaT saqarTveloSi fexio. es garemoeba Cven aq

gakvriT moviyvaneT im garemoebis asaxsnelaT, rom mefe

solomoni amaod daSvra Tavis cdaSi, radganac mis

momxreTa Soris mxolod Tavadaznaurebi iricxebodnen,

esec yvela ara, umetesi monatre iyo ruseTis impe-

riasTan dakavSirebis. es xom Tavadaznaurobam Semdeg

daumtkica ruseTis mTavrobas, radganac amaT wodebi-

dan mTeli rigi gamovida ruseTis saomar aspareszed

iseTis gmirebis, romelTac rusis mxedrobasTan erTad

ibrZoles da daRvares sisxli.

Cven mainc am garemoebis ganxilvas ar SeudgebiT,

Cveni sagani mxolod garemoebas exeba da isev impera-

tor napoleonis saqmes avnusxavT da qarTvel mahma-

dianT viTarebas. avaT Tu kargad, mecnierulad, Tu

umecrulad, evropiulis kiloTi, Tu aziuris mima-

rTviT yovels SemTxvevaSi unda iTqvas, rom imperator

napoleonma rusTagan saqarTvelos dakavSirebis ambavi

1810 wels ukve kargad Seityo, igi misTvis mraval-

nairad iqmna cnobili. saqmis dawvrilebiT gacnobaSi

rasakvirvelia osmalos mTavrobac iRebda monawileobas.

cxadaT viciT, rom imperator napoleonma roca

ganizraxa ruseTze galaSqreba, maSin man saqarTvelos

ambebic kargad icoda, advili SesaZlebelia isic, rom

igi osmaleTis saSualebiT qarTvelebis Sesaxeb styuv-

deboda, radganac solomon mefe trapizonSi cxovre-

bis dros, osmaleTis mTavrobas sul mudarebiT exvewe-

boda imereTis dabrunebis saqmes, amisTvis igi osmalos

mTavrobas bevrnair yalb cnobebsac atyobinebda, erTi

sityviT yovelnair saSualebas xmarobda, rom rogorme

imereTi daebrunebina, osmalos mTavrobac rasakvirve-

lia daxmarebas pirdeboda. osmalT amisTvis droc iSo-

vnes da raki imperatoris napoleonis galaSqrebis amba-

vic Seityes, maT solomon mefes imedi misces, rom

Cven rusebs exla ki advilad gavaZevebT imereTidanao

da iq Sen gagamefebTo. solomon mefec daimedebuli

iqmna amazed, es Tavis imedebis cnobebs da garemoebas

safrangeTis mTavrobasac atyobinebda, magram gonieri

da aw dauZlebuli mefe didaT styuvdeboda am mo-

sazrebaSi, es rom cxadi istoriuli WeSmariteba aris

amas gamoaCens qvemo striqonebic.

imperatori napoleonis galaSqreba ruseTzed

qarTvelebma winaTve Seityes, amis ambebi saqarTveloSi

winaTve movida, rom imperatori napoleoni ruseTis

dapyrobas scdilobs da amitom iqneba qarTvelebmac

aRmoaCinoT rame daxmarebao. aseTi davalebis meTaur

pirebaT iricxebodnen petre bagrationi, cnobili gmi-

ri ruseTis omis 1812 w. amisi saxli kaci dimitri

bagratovani, romelmac qeTevan dedoflis cxovreba

leqsad daswera da 1815 w. qarTulaT peterburgSi da-

beWda, amaTs garda grigol bagratovani, vaxtang bato-

niSvili, romelic daWrili iqmna 1812 w. omSi da

ramdenimec sxva qarTvelni, romelTac xsenebul omSi

didaT isaxeles Tavi. petre bagratovani xom qebuli

iqna didaT TviT imperator napoleonis winaSe, es mo-

ixsenes leqsebSi evropielT poetebma heinem da berne-

mac, eseve piri xom Semdeg mSvenivrad daxata ruseTis

cnobilma mweralma l. tolstoim Tavis roman „vaina

i mir“-Si sxva amaT Rirsebas da samxedro moxerxebas

Cven ar vexebiT, es ruseTis samxedro istoriis saqme

aris.

Cven vityviT mxolod imas, rom am pirTa cnobe-

biT da daxmarebiT saqarTvelodan, qarTvelTagan droiT

iqmnen sxva da sxva meomarT gmirebi wasulni, romelTac

monawileoba miiRes ruseTis brZolaSi da romelTac

iq CinebulaT isaxeles Tavi. maTganni saqarTveloSi

TiTqmis aRaravin ar dabrunebula, daxocilebs garda

vinc cocxlad daSTnen, iginic ruseTSi Seviden

samxedro samsaxurSi. maSin qarTveli batoniSvilebi

mfarvelobden didaT. viciT xom yvelam, rom maSin

ruseTSi da nametur peterburgsa da moskovs qarTvel

mefeTa STamomavalni mravlad scxovrobden, sadac

kargi adgilebic ekavaT da kargi saxelic hqondaT.

amaTgan zogni monawileobasac iRebden 1812 brZo-

laSi, rogorc giorgi mefis Svilebic.

aseTi iyo zaal andronikaSvili, romelic erT

dros didi mowinaaRmdege iyo rus-qarTvelT SeerTe-

bis, mere iRebda am omSi monawileobas, igi finiis

zRvaSi daixrCo 1813 w. iyo kidev gabriel ratiSvili,

erTguli msaxuri batoniSvilebisa, da mere meomari

gardaicvala 1815 w. es piri qarTulad mwignobrobda,

amisi naweri ruseTSi mogzaurobac darCa, zogi ram

aqedan daibeWda 1863 w. „saqarTvelos moambeSi“.

iRebden monawileobas giorgi mefis Svilebi daviTi,

ruseTis general-leitenanti vaxtangi, mwignobari

mokvda 1830 w. da Teimurazi, mere istorikosi, ro-

melic saqarTveloSi sparseTidan mobrunda, mere igi

ruseTSi iqna wasuli da 1811 w. imperatoris aleq-

sandres winaSe wamdgara. imperatorma igi didis pati-

viT miiRo. 1812 w. omSi amanac gamoiCina kargi niWi.

Cven aq yvelas ar vasaxelebT, nametur arc im

pirTa, romelnic saqarTvelodan wavidnen, viciT ki

kargad, rom yvela igini iyvnen gamoCenili mxedrebi,

gamoCenili meomrebi, maT mfarvelobda da winamZRv-

robden dimitri bagrationi, saxli kaci gamoCenilis

petre bagratovanis da amisi biZa grigoli. am meomarTa

istoria metad saintereso aris da iqneba odesme CvenSi

maT Sesaxeb sadme rame werilebic ki aRmoCndes, vina-

idan, viciT isic, rom am omis Sesaxeb dimitri bagra-

tions wignic ki dauweria da uqia masSi monawile qar-

Tvel meomarTa mxneoba da gmiroba, rac imaT 1812 w.

omSi gamouCeniaT.

aseTi sulieri ganwyobileba arsebobda qarTvelTa

da rusTa Soris, aseTi erTobis pativiscema viTarde-

boda qarTvelT Soris da unda iTqvas, rom rac sa-

qarTveloSi amboxebani iyo ruseTis mTavrobis wina-

aRmdeg, igi gamowveuli gaxldaT rusTa moxeleTa bo-

rot-moqmedebisagan da ara ruseTis imperatoris mfar-

velobis da qveSevrdomobisagan. TviT saqarTvelos mTa-

varmarTeblebic aseve swerden ruseTSi xelmwife impe-

rators da umaRles mTavrobas, rom qarTvel eris

amboxeba sul Cveni Cinovnikebis da moxeleebis bra-

liao. ase iyo saqme da cxadi damamtkicebeli sabuTe-

bia TviT aleqs. fronelis wignebi: – „amboxeba kaxeTis“

da „mTiuleTisa“. da masTan „kavkasiis aqtebic“.

rogorc sCans, aseTi garemoeba da pirobebi qarT-

veli erisa osmaleTis mTavrobam sul ar icoda. maT

yovelive yalbaT hqondaT Setyobili, amitomac imedi

hqondaT, rom imperator nipoleonis ruseTzed ga-

laSqrebiT isargeblebdnen da saqarTvelos daisakuT-

rebdnen. Tu es ara da imereTs xom mainc waarTmevden

da iq solomon mefes gaamefebden. amitomac maT daiw-

yes mecadineoba 1810 wlidan. rac xani gadioda, imde-

naT osmalni rwmundeboden, rom napoleonis galaSqre-

biT Cven visargeblebT da saqarTvelos davisakuTrebTo.

eseni imas ki aRar fiqrobden da arc eSinodaT, Tu

imperatori napoleoni, an maT ra dRes daayenebda,

rogor upirebda maT aoxrebas, eseni arc im gare-

moebam gaafrTxila. Tu maT imperatorma napoleonma

ramodenad gauoxra Tanamowmune musulmanTa qveynebi,

rogor daswva da dabuga isini da daimorCila. es maT-

Tvis umniSvnelo iyo, maT mxolod turfa saqarTve-

losaken eWiraT fxizeli Tvali.

rac dro gadioda da 1812 w. axlovdeboda, miT

osmalos mTavrobis mecadineoba didaT Zlierdeboda

saqarTvelozed. osmalni ise iyvnen gatacebulni, rom

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo mzveravTa garda cnobebis

Sekrebas avalebdnen iseT qarTvel mahmadianebsac ki,

romlebic baTumidan imereTs, qarTls da nametur Tfi-

lisSi cxenebiT limons, forToxals, zeTis xils, Tafls

da leRvs zidavdnen... ganzraxvis sisruleSi moyvanis

wadils didaT daexmara is garemoebac, rom kaxeTSi

amboxeba moxda sadac daxoces rusTa mxedroba, magram

amaSic mostyuvden isini, radganac maT ajanyebis, anu

amboxebis umTavresi mizezebi sisworiT sul ar icodnen.

maT moambeni iseT cnobebs aZlevdnen, rac osmalT asi-

amovnebda, igi ki usaTuod yalbaT iyo mokrefili da

gadatanili osmalos mTavrobis winaSe. amas TviT isto-

riac mowmobs.

erTmac ar auwya osmalos mTavrobas is garemoeba,

rom SeiZleba saqarTveloSi ruseTis mTavrobis wina-

aRmdeg TiTo-orola kaci gamovides, isic rusis moxe-

leTagan Sewuxebulni, rac Seexeba mTel qarTvelobas,

es ki SeuZlebelia, radganac qarTveli eri qristiani

eria, rusnic qristianebi arian, garda amisa qarTveli

glexni didi erTgulni arian ruseTis mTavrobis, igini

ruseTis ZlierebisaTvis mudam loculoben da Tu sa-

Wiro iqneba, mTavrobisaTvis sisxlsac daRvriano. iqneba

eseTi viTareba rom scodniyoT maT, maSin Tvisi ganzra-

xvisaTvis Tavi daenebebinaT. esec SeiZleboda, magram es

maT ar icodnen da imperator napoleonis galaSqrebis

meoxebiT saqarTvelos dasaWerad gankargulebasac ax-

denden, Sromobden.

osmaleTis mTavrobis aseT Secdomas Cven solomon

mefes da mis TanxlebelT vawerT. yovelive amaTi mo-

gonebuli aris, eseni 1810-11 wlebs, saqarTvelodan

cnobebs ver tyobulobdnen kargad, am garemoebas je-

reT 1811 w. Wirianoba uSlida. osmaleTidan saqarTve-

loSi Zneli iyo Semosvla, radganac Wirianobisagan

gzebi yofila Sekruli da meore is garemoebac, rad-

ganac aseT garemoebaTa garda rusis mTavrobac frTxi-

laT adevnebda Tvalyurs im garemoebas, rom saqarTve-

lodan osmaleTSi aravin wasuliyo, solomon mefe da

mis TanaxlebulebTan, romelTa ricxvic erTob didi

iyo.

mefes im pirTa ricxvi ki ar gahyolia osmalSi,

rac „kavkasiis aqtebSia“ moxsenebuli, aramed bevrad

bevri aRniSnul ricxvzed. amis gamo ai ra miambo

qarTvel mahmadianT saxalxo meleqsis xusein xabazi qam-

jaraZis mamam 1893 w. es qarTveli mahmadiani maSin iq-

neboda 110 wlisa, misi sityvebi:

„me, batono, selim faSa ximSiaSvils kargad mo-

veswar, misi Tavis mokveTac maxsovs. rusebi rom ime-

reTSi Semovidnen, maSin solomon mefe Tavis kacebiT

qobuleTSi gadmobrZanda, Tavis naTesav TavdgiriZe be-

gebTan, me maSin kai deleyanti viyav. mere xma movida,

rom rusebma guriac daiWires da axla qobuleTs moad-

gebiano, amitom mefe Tavis didi kacebiT osmaleTSi

wabrZanda. maTi ricxvi 60 kaczed meti iyo. qobule-

Tis begebma pativi sces da gzaT Cveni kacebic gaayo-

les. am kacebSi mec verie. mefe trapizonamdis mivaci-

leT, iq dabrZanda mefe Tavis didi kacebiT. Cven sa-

Cuqrebi gviboZa, madloba gvibrZana da qobuleTSi ga-

mogvistumra“.

am pirma momiTxro, rom 60 kaczed meti iyo Tan-

xlebulT ricxvi da Cven ki viyaviT 120 kacio. mefis

Tanxlebulni sul kai gvaris begebi da aRiebi iyvneno.

es cxadia rom ase iqneboda da unda iTqvas, rom swo-

red am pirTa mecadineobiT da imedebiT fiqrobda osma-

leTi saqarTvelos warTmevas, magram es ver moxerxde-

boda, qarTvelebs kargad axsovdaT maTi ambebi da amitom

osmalT Tavis dReSi ar miemxroboden, Tumca es ase

iyo da osmaleTis mTavrobas qarTvelT Ralatis ara-

feri cnobebi ar qondaT. mainc igini qarTvelebzed

yoymanobden da amitom maT imedi hqondaT, rom Cven

Tu rusebs wavarTmevT saqarTvelos, es unda moxdes

Cven qveSevrdom gurji musulmanebisaganao. maTi daxma-

rebiT Tu vizamT rames, Torem qristian gurjebis Cven

imedi ara gvaqvso.

amitom osmalos mTavrobam 1812 w. qarTvel mahma-

dianebs mimarTa da daavala daxmarebis aRmoCena, raTa

maT daepyraT mTeli saqarTvelo. am SromisaTvis ra-

sakvirvelia iginic dids daxmarebas miiRebden mTavro-

bisagan. amaT mimarTves rogorc begebs, iseve xalxs,

erTis sityviT mTel qarTvel mahmadianobas. am dros

mTels osmaleTis saqarTveloSi didaT saxelovnebda

selim faSa ximSiaSvili. osmaleTis mTavrobam upirve-

lesad yovlisa selim faSa ximSiaSvils mimarTes da da-

avales aramc Tu daxmarebis aRmoCena, aramed mTeli

gurjistanis aRebac da ruseTis gaZeveba saqarTvelodan,

ris gamo masac didaT daajildovebden.

selim faSa ximSiaSvili, rogorc osmaleTis qve-

Sevrdomi da sjuliT musulmani, yovelTvis Tanxmobas

ucxadebda da mzaT iyo Txovna Seesrulebina. saqme ise

moewyo, rom mTelma qarTvelma mahmadianebma samzadisic

daiwyes. amxedreba, iaraRSi Cajdoma da saomrad mzad

yofna. amisaTvis maT osmaleTis mTavrobam did Zali

iaraRic gamougzavna. erTi sityviT saqme ise iyo mow-

yobili, rom daniSnul dros, erTad erTi daZaxeba-Ra

undodaT, Torem xalxi yoveliveTi mzaT iyo. xalxis

aseT samzadiss maSindelma saqarTvelos rusis mTavar

marTebelma yuradReba miaqcia da selim faSas SekiTxva

misces saidumlod, rom Tqven vis sawinaaRdegoT raz-

mavT xalxsao. selim faSas ruseTis mTavrobasTan kai

ganwyobileba hqonda amitom man male ugo pasuxi da

mTavroba daamSvida miT, rom Tqven kargaT brZandebo-

deT, Torem xalxi Tqven winaaRmdeg xelSi Cxirsac ar

aiRebso. nacvlad amisi mec da maTac didaT gvsurs

Tqveni qveSevrdomobao.

selim faSa rusis mTavrobas ase epyroboda, aseT

imedebs aZlevda, es bolos man gaamarTla kidec, xolo

osmaleTis mTavrobis winaSe rogor iqceoda, rogor

aTaTbirebda da atyuilebda maT, amisi ki ara viciT ra.

is ki moxda, rom osmaleTis mTavroba Zalazed da-

arwmuna da maT omis Tavdarigic ki daiwyes da martod

baTumSi: seid baba faSas 17,000 aTasi jaris kaci ga-

mougzamnes, SeiaraRebuli Tavis sursaTiT da yovelive

samxedro saWiroebiT. omis dawyebisaTvis osmaleTis

mTavrobam aseTi gegma Seadgina: im dros, roca baTumSi

seid baba faSa ganagebda, axalcixis mTavar faSad iyo

fexlevani, eseve iricxeboda arzrumis faSad. amave

dros foTis faSad iyo suleiman faSa da afxazeTis

mTavar gamgeT iricxeboda seid memed efendi anapis,

mTavar marTebeli. amaT aqve qondaT aseTi dadgenileba:

seid baba faSas eqvemdebareboda im drois gamoCe-

nili meomari gmiri, qarTveli mahmadiani, xazindar-

oRli. eseni unda dascemoden gurias, daemorCilebinaT

gurulebi da mere aqedan unda gadasuliyven imereTs.

amave dros foTis faSas unda SeerTeboda afxaze-

Tis faSa mehmed efendis mTavar sardlobiT. eseni di-

dis samxedro ZaliT gavliden samegrelos, aq daimor-

Cilebdnen yovelives da mis mere gaemarTeboden quTa-

isisken. aq yvela faSebi TavianT jariT SeerTdeboden,

quTaiss aiRebden. rusebs gaaZevebden, droebiT aq iqne-

boda baTumis faSa da rogorc saqmes moawyobden, im

drosve iq gaCndeboda imereTis mefe solomoni da amas

gaamefebden.

amave dros, axalcixis da arzrumis faSa, artaanis

baiazeTis, yarsis da trapizonis faSa selim ximSiaSvi-

lis mTavar sardlobiT unda axalcixidan wasuliyven

awyverzed, gaevloT borjomis xeoba, gasuliyvnen qa-

rTlSi, jer es kuTxe unda daemoCilebinaT da mis mere

unda gadasuliyvnen Tfilisisaken, aq maT mxars mis-

cemdnen daRistnis lekebic da am saxiT da gegmiT da-

imorCilebdnen Tfilissac. Tu es ar moxerxdeboda,

maSin unda scdiliyvnen, rom imereTis sazRvarzed da-

banakebuliyvnen, aq unda gaCerebuliyvnen, imereTSi ru-

sis jari ar gaeSvaT, rusTa meomarT maSvelaT. osma-

leTis mTavrobis aseTi samzadisi arc rusis mTavrobi-

saTvis iyo saidumlo, amaT selim faSas kvalad Se-

ekiTxnen, rom eseTi didi samzadisi ras niSnavs, Tqven

rusis mTavrobasTan brZola xom ar gindaTo.

selim faSa ximSiaSvilma cnoba mosca, rom diax,

osmaleTis mTavrobas egre surs, magram araferi iqmneba,

qarTvelebi osmalebs ar miemxrobian, jer imitom, rom

igini qristianebi arian da osmalni ki musulmanebio.

maT erTmaneTis didi mZulvareba aqvTo. 1812 w. da-

sawyiss moswera mTavar marTebel markiz pauliCs, rom

me aramc Tu omi da Tqvengan daSoreba minda, aramed mena-

treba, rom Tqvenis jaris daxmarebiT mTeli am Cveni gurji-

stanis adgilebi CamorTmeul iqnes osmaleTisagan da igi

gakeTdes iseT saxelmwifoT anu samTavroT, rogorc igi

aTabegebis dros gaxldaTo.

osmaleTis mTavrobas 60 aTasi jaris kaci yolia

mogrovili, amaT miemateboden qarTveli mahmadianebi da

lazebic. omi unda daewyoT 1812 agvistos bolo

ricxvebidan da imedi hqondaT, rom sul erTi Tvis

ganmavlobaSi yovelives daimorCilebden. yovelives

samzadisi xdeboda selim faSis gegmiT, misi cnobebiT.

omis dawyebis wineT, selim faSam osmaleTis mTavrobas

gegma Seucvala da acnoba, rom cota SevicadoT, To-

rem saqme wagvixdeba, saqmes wavagebT, qarTvelebi qri-

stianebi arian. rusnic maTi merjuleni gaxlavT, qar-

Tvelebi maT ar uRalateben, Cven ar mogvemxrobian,

Cveni javrica sWirT maT, vai Tu saqme ise wagvixdes,

rom es adgilebic wagvarTvano.

moicadeT cota, me imereTs da qarTlSi Cems ka-

cebs vgzavni da xalxSi vfenT Cvens momxreobis cno-

bebs, rom maT Cven mogvcen daxmareba, Cven gviSvelon

da rusebis garekvis Semdeg Cven maT solomon mefes

imereTSi daudgenT da aleqsandres TfilisSi. aseve

vatyobineb guriels da dadians, rom maTac rusTagan

CamorTmeuli samTavroebi ukanve daubrundebaTo. ase-

Tis miwer-moweriT da ambebis gzavniT selim faSam 1812

weli rogorc iyo gaiyvana, dadga zamTari da axla

zamTris susxiani siciveebi gaxada mizezaT da amaobaSi

movida 1813 welic. am wlis gazafxulzed ki saqme ise

moewyo, rom omi usaTuod unda dawyebuliyo, esec

male moxda da axla osmaleTis jari sxva gegmiT gae-

marTa axalcixisaken, aq moikribes Tavi da aqedan sur-

daT Tfiliszed galaSqreba. am galaSqrebis mTavar

sardlobasac selim faSas avalebdnen, umTavresad amis

da qarTvel mahmadianT daxmarebiT fiqrobdnen mtris

dacemas da saqarTvelodan gandevnas.

magram es ase ar moxda, selim faSam ruseTis mTav-

robis winaSe Tavisi sityva Seasrula, omis dawyebis

dros man Tavi avaT gaixada, vgoneb wamali dalia, ami-

tom mTavrobas acnoba, rom me avaTa var, omSi mona-

wileobis miReba ar SemiZliano. osmaleTis mTavrobam

amas yuradReba aRar miaqcia da selim faSis risxviT

sayveduri misces... omi male daiwyes, magram am omiT

vera gaawyesra.

saqme marcxad wauvidaT, ruseTis mxedroba da maT-

Tan mTeli qarTvelobac magrad daxvden, Tumc ver

ajobes, magram arc fexi gaamagrebines qarTls, kaxeTs

da imereTSi. amaTi galaSqrebis gamarjveba imiTi dam-

Tavrda, rom maT qarTvelTagan tyveT gaitaces 1500

qarTveli da 50,000 aTas sulzed meti sxva sxva saqo-

neli, magaliTebr cxeni, jori, viri, xari, Zroxa da

kameCi. Tu sadme soflebSi sarCo-sabadebeli SexvdaT

imasac itacebden. ase damTavrda 1812 wlis osmalTa

gamolaSqreba. erTis mxriT maT gaumarTldaT selim

faSas sityvebi, rom qarTvelebi rusebs ar uRalate-

ben, Tqven ar mogemxrobiano. Tumca selim faSa osma-

leTis mTavrobis winaSe ase gamarTlda, magram zogni

mas mainc Ralats swamebdnen da asmenden osmaleTis

mTavrobas Semdegs:

selim faSa moRalate aris, man tyuilaT moigona

avaTmyofoba, mas ar surda osmalT gamarjveba, igi ru-

sebis momxreT aRmoCnda, raki igi saomrad ar gamovida

brZolis velzed, amitom aRarc aWarlebi mogvemxrnen,

iginic ukan dadgnen da Cvenc mitom wavageT saqmeo.

aseTma cnobebis Zlevam selim faSazed mZlavraT gaa-

risxes osmalos mTavroba da nametur sulTan mamudi.

maT isurves amis dasja, magram am garemoebas arc selim

faSa dauvarda, igic win aRudga, Sekriba 6000 aTasi

jaris kaci, ruseTis jaris sawinaaRmdegoT mogrovili

iaraRi amaT dauriga, am saomari saqmisTvis motanili

jaris sursaTic xirxatis cixeSi Seitana da iq gamagrda,

aqedan apirebda osmaleTis mTavrobisagan Tavis daxwe-

vas, magram es mas veRar mouxda, 1815 w. motyuebiT

gaityues xirxatis cixidan da Tavi mosWres, misi

saxlkaric aikles, daswves da colSvilic dauwiokes.

ase gaTavda imperator napoleonis Zala da muqa-

rebisagan gamowveuli rus-osmalTa omis samzadisis saq-

meni saqarTveloSi. selim faSa ximSiaSvilis Tavis mo-

kveTas Serif begi, anu selim faSis Svili-Svili sxva

gvarad gadmogvcems. igi swers, rom papaCemi sulTan

mamudma stambolSi miixmo da iq mosWra Tavio. sCans

xirxatis cixidan gamosvlis Semdeg morigebisTvis stam-

bols miuxmiaT motyuebiT da iq mouWriaT Tavi da ara

xirxatis cixesTan, rogorc amas zeda da qveda aWaraSi

qarTvel mahmadianebi laparakoben.

selim faSa msxverpli gaxda im mosazrebis da nat-

vris, rais saSualebiTac osmaleTis saqarTvelo unda

dakavSireboda ruseTis saqarTvelos da am xalxis xel-

mwifed unda yofiliyos ruseTis imperatori da misi

mTavroba. mxolod am Zlier saxelmwifos gamgeobis qveS

moisvenebda es kuTxe. Tumca es azri selim faSas ar

Seusrulda da am natvris gamo igi osmalTagan sikvdi-

liT iqmna gankiTxuli, magram misi azri ki mainc darCa

mis STamomavlobis winaSe ucvlelad da sanatro Se-

sasruleblad.

selim faSisave azrovnebis iyo misi Svili axmed

faSa ximSiaSvili. 1827 w. saqme ise moewyo, rom mTe-

li samcxe-saaTabago ruseTis imperias uomrad unda Ca-

bareboda. amisTvis axmed faSasTaw molaparakebac iyo

gamarTuli da pirobac micemuli, rom Tu es kuTxe

ruseTis imperias usisxlod Cabardeboda, maSin ruseTis

mTavroba axmed faSas aniWebda dids sagvareulo uflebas.

aseT uflebas gareSe axmed faSa iTxovda kidev Semdegs:

„Eсли только русскiе оставять за нимъ Ахметъ па-

шей, Его владителскiя права и дадутъ чинь генерала

и лђнтъ“. *) amas garda sxvac bevri ram eZleoda axmed

faSas, magram es ver moxerxda da zogierT Sinaur mte-

rTa meoxebiT mesxeT-javaxeTi da sxva kuTxeebic osma-

los saqarTvelosi ruseTis imperiasTan 1828 w. brZo-

__________________________

*) Лазистанскiй Санджахъ, Тифлисъ 1871 г. g. yazbegisa.

liT iqmna dakavSirebuli axalcixis aRebis Semdeg

axmed faSac arzrums iqmna gadayvanili, igi iq miicva-

la 1836 w.

mainc ruseTis imperiasTan dakavSirebis azrebi ar

moispo, igi daSTa maT ojaxis wevrTa Soris samaxsov-

rod. am kavSiris monatre iyo TviT axmed faSis Svili

Serif begi. amas imedi aqvnda, rom 1854 w. omianobiT

SeerTeba moxdeboda, magram arc maSin moxda es Se-

erTeba. amaT natvra ki osmalos mTavrobamac Seityo,

raisa gamo maTi ojaxic aklebul iqmna da aoxrebuli.

gavida 1854 welic, moaxlovda 1877 w. rus-osmalTa

omis dasawyisic. axla ki saqme ise moewyo, rom selim

faSis Svilis Svili Serif begi sxva moxerxebiT aR-

mosnCda, sxva ostatobiT, osmalos mTavrobis winaSe

man sxva xerxi ixmara. aman ganiZraxa Tavis mama-papis

natvris sisruleSi moyvana da ruseTis imperiasTan

dakavSireba. amisTvis mas rasakvirvelia sxvanic exmare-

bodnen da nametur qarTvelT generlebi, romelTac

molaparakeba aqvndaT maSin gamarTuli. didi xnis na-

tvra Seusrulda Serif begs da misi samSoblo bevris

vai vaglaxebis Semdeg dakavSirebul iqmna ruseTis sa-

qarTvelosTan. amisTvis Serif begs miuZRvis didi Sro-

ma, didi amagi, rogorc Tavis xalxis winaSe, iseve ru-

seTis mTavrobis. amitom aq vaTavsebT mis suraTsac im

saxiT da tanT sacmliT, rogorc igi osmalos xelSi,

ruseTis imperiasTan dakavSirebamdis icomda. bolos

igi gaxldaT general-maiori rusis mxedrobis. iTqvas

unda, rom 1812 w. ruseTis imperiasTan dakavSirebis

sasargeblod osmaleTSi Sromobda selim faSa ximSi-

aSvili da ruseTSi napoleonis omis winaSe meore

qarTveli, petre ivanesZe bagrationi. oriv es pirni —

qarTvelT STamomavalni, xolo erTi musulmani, meore

qristiani. oriv ki erTi tomis da erTi ojaxis Svilni.

orives mizani ki erTi iyo.

exla Cven gadavalT Semdeg kiTxvebzed, rac qar-

TvelT da rusTa urTierTobas Seexeba da im garemoe-

basac, Tu petre bagrationi ra garemoebam gastyorcna

ruseTSi da an igi ra mizezebis wyalobiT Seiqmna ru-

seTis saukeTeso meomar-mxedar-generali. es CvenTvis

saWiroc aris, radganac am istoriul piris Sesaxeb

CvenSi bevrma araferi icis. uwinares ki unda iTqvas

Semdegi: 1812 w. erTi qarTveli – saxeldobr petre

ivanesZe bagrationi iRvwoda ruseTSi, ruseTis Zliere-

bis xelSeuxelobisaTvis da meore qarTveli saqarTve-

loSi scdilobda, rom aq ruseTis Zala mkvidrad da-

nerguliyos da misis saSualebiT TviT osmaleTis sa-

qarTveloc maT – rusTa flobelobis qveS Sesuliyos.

ase da am gvarad, Cven am ori qarTvel generlebis Sro-

mas da cdas erTnair saxels vaniWebT.

petre ivanesZe bagrationis swavla ganaTlebis mi-

Reba ruseTSi, samxedro samsaxuri da saxelovneba Cven-

Tvis ar unda iyos ucxo da xami, ai raTa: qarTvelT

da rusTa kavSiri iwyeba Zvelidganve, XVII sauk. gacxa-

rebiT miwer-mowerac imarTeba qarTvelT da moskovis

rusTa mefebeTa winaSe. Semdgom amisa, anu XVIII sauk.

damdegidam petre didi saqarTvelos apyrobs did yu-

radRebas, am or xalxT Soris miwer-mowerac imarTeba.

1720 w. vaxtang mefe petre didis winaSe gadasaxlda,

samefos saqmis Svelas evedreboda. vaxtangs Tan gahyva

didi ricxvi qarTvelobis. ruseTSi misuli vaxtangi

didis pativiT iqmna miRebuli. vaxtang mefem ruseTSi

yofna kargad gamoiyena, Tavis Tanxlebul qarTvelT

zogi axalgazdebi ruseTis sxva da sxva saswavleblebSi

Seiyvana, nametur petre didis samxedro saswavlebelSi.

moswavleTa skolaSi miRebis gamo petre didi da mere

maTi meuRle imperatrica elisabedic exmareboda. aman

didaT waaqeza qarTvelTa Svilebi.

qarTvelT Svilebma rusul skolebSi didi energia

da Sromis moyvareobis hunari gamoiCines, masTan swav-

lis niWi, didi ltolvileba evropiulis ganaTlebis.

aseTni iyvnen Semdegni pirni, romelTac ruseTSi da-

amTavres samxedro da saero swavlani.

baqar III-me, Ze vaxtang mefis, daibada 1700 w. gar-

daicvala 1779 w. swavla daamTavra petre didis sas-

wavlebelSi, imgzavra evropaSic, Semdeg Sevida sam-

xedro samsaxurSi da 1729 w. miiRo xarisxi general

leitenantobisa. (but. I t.) qarTulad mwerlobda

I740 w. amis safasiT moskovSi qarTuli stambac gaixsna.

aq daibeWda sxvaTa Soris qarTuli „dabadeba“ xucurad.

vaxuSti batoniSvili Ze vaxtangisa. daib. 1696 w.

gardaic. 1772 w. daamTavra petre didis saswavlebeli.

mere imgzavra evropa – naxa romis qarTuli stambac,

daarsebuli 1627 w. mere scxovrebda ruseTSi da iri-

cxeboda samxedro pirad, Tavis geografia da saqarTve-

los istoriuli wignebi ruseTSi daamTavra. rusulis

enidamac sTargmna mravlad sxva da sxva msoflio isto-

riebi.

paata batoniSvili, Zma vaxuStis. miiRo swavla pe-

tre didis saswavlebelSi, Semdgom amis swavlobda saf-

rangeTs, evropiuli enebic Seiswavla da ganaTlebac,

iyo gonieri kaci. ruseTSi yofnis dros qarTuls ena-

zed swerda wignebs, saqarTveloSi dabrunda 1760 w.

igi „SeTqmis“ gamo dasjil iqmna sikvdiliT saqarTve-

loSi 1765 w.

erasti TurqistaniSvili. Tanxlebeli vaxtang mefis,

swavla daamTavra peterburgs, ruseTSi yofnis dros

rusulidam qarTulad sTargmnida sxva da sxva wignebs,

amis naTargmnia sokratis swavla, Targm. leqsad da-

beWdilia 1852 w. „ciskarSi“.

mixeil elviZe. swavla miiRo petre didis saswav-

lebelSi. ruseTSi msaxurebda samxedro samsaxurSi. ico-

da qarTuli mwerlobac, rusulis enidam qarTulad

sTargmna 1, „didi arifmetika“ rusulis dabeWdilis

1731 w. wignidam. 2, „geometria“. 3, „laboratoria“

da 4, „samxedro taktika“. amis naTargmni wignebi

vaxtang mefem gaaswora, amazed ase swers mixeil elviZe:

– „ese wigni me elviZem vsTargmne rusulisagan qarTuls

enasazeda, odesca vaxtang mefe mobrZanda, man mibrZana da

TviT manve gaaswora qarTulis eniT, qristes 1727 w.“

gabriel gelovani. Tanxlebuli vaxtang meeqvsis,

swavla miiRo peterburgs, rusulidam qarTulad sTa-

rgmna „didi geografia“ oTx nawilad. es geografia

moixseneba 1805 w. Sedgenil gamaliel arqimandrit

gamrekelisagan Sedgenil Zvel wignebis katalogSi. amav

gelovanis aRwera vaxtangis mogzauroba ruseTSi da-

beWdilia 1879 w. Jur. „iveriaSi“.

svimon makacariZe. Tanxlebeli vaxtang mefis, swavla

miiRo peterburgs; – iswavla evropiuli enebic. ru-

sulidam qarTulad sTargmna: „saojaxo ekonomia“ vi-

lorionisa. es vrceli Targmani aseTis sityvebiT iw-

yeba: – „am wignis Targmna me vaxtang mefem mibrZana da

TviT manve gaaswora qarTuli ena, roca moskovs mobrZanda“.

wigni Sevsebulia sxva da sxva figurebiT. svimon maka-

caraZe msaxurebda samxedro samsaxurSi.

levan batoniSvili. Ze baqarisa. daibada da aRizarda

ruseTSi, miiRo rusuli ganviTareba, mere Sesul iqmna

samxedro samsaxurSi, ukanasknel general leitenanto-

bamdis miaRwia, iyo qarTuli mwignobari, rusulis

enidam qarTulad sTargmna wignebi: – „didi metoliRia“,

e. i. sruli qveynis aRwera, 2, „apoveTegmata“ (?) da

sxvac nawer-naTargmni.

ivane vaxuStisZe bagrationi. vaxtang VI-is Svilis-

Svili. swavla miiRo peterburgs, msaxurebda samxedro

samsaxurSi, mere general-poruCiki, ekaterina impera-

tricas winaSe, mTavar sardlobda sibiris divizias.

aleqsandre iesesZe bagrationi. Zmis wuli vaxtang

VI-isa. saqarTvelodam ruseTSi gadasaxlda 1757 w. am

aleqsandrem swavla ruseTSi miiRo vaxtang meeqvsis

dros, ruseTSi gardasaxlebuli msaxurebda polkovni-

kad kavkasiis diviziaSi.

kirile aleqsandresZe bagrationi. iyo imdenad mom-

zadebuli da ganaTlebuli, rom ukanasknel miaRwia se-

natorobamde. kirile bagrationis Zma unda iyos ivane

bagrationi, visis Svilic unda gaxldes petre bagrat.,

rogorc sCans, ivane mamas ar gahyolia ruseTSi, igi

saqarTveloSi darCenila da 1757 w. ar gadasaxlebu-

la, amitomac petre bagrationi saqarTveloSi dabade-

bula 1765 w. mere ki, anu 1780 wlebs, es ukve naTe-

savebs ruseTSi miuxmiad da iq samxedro saswavlebelSic

SeuyvaniaT, sadac igi SemdegSi gaxda upirvelesi meo-

mari ruseTis mxedrobisa. ara sCans kargad is garemo-

ebac, Tu petres deda visi qali iyo da an amis mSob-

lebi sada scxovrebden im dros, roca petre ivanesZe

general ot infanteriis xarisxiT iricxeboda.

amiT Cven unda vicodeT, rom petre ivanesZe aris

pirdapiri STamomavali qarTlis mefeTa meore Sto

bagrationisa. amis papa aleqsandre da misi Svilis

Svilebi ruseTSi yofilan kargad cnobilni, mere eseni

ruseTis TavadiSvilebis siaSiac Setanili da damtkicebu-

li imperatori aleqsandresagan 1803 w.

sardion ColoyaSvili. aRizarda peterburgs, miiRo

rusuli ganviTareba, rusulis enidam qarTulad sTa-

rgmna „Telemaki“ da „karabadimi“, iyo samxedro msa-

xuri, 1770 wlebs saqarTveloSi dabrunda, TfilisSi sam-

xedro saswavlebeli gaxsna da qarTvelTa Svilebs ru-

sul enas aswavlida.

revaz yorCibaSisSvili. peterburgSi miiRo swavla.

ruseTSi yofnis dros qarTulad mwerlobda, rusulis

enidam aman sTargmna „panteoni“, romelic im dros

ruseTSi didaT saxelovnebda. swerda sxva da sxva leq-

sebsac qarTul enazed.

aleqsandre amilaxvari. scxovrebda ruseTs, iyo dam-

weri mefe erekles kritikuli istoriis. es istoria

man peterburgSi calkec gamosca I787 w. Tavis su-

raTiT.

zaal andronikaSvili. swavla miiRo ruseTSi, iyo

ruseTis samxedro samsaxurSi da „mcodne artileristi

da geometri“ ramdenime wlis Semdeg igi saqarTveloSi

dabrunda, mefe ereklem pativiT miiRo. aman daarsa

TfilisSi artileria. amanve Seadgina saqarTveloSi

morigi jaris kreba da misi wesebi rusTa kvalad. gar-

daicvala 1815 w. amanve gaakeTa TfilisSi „Tofxana“

da sxvac mravalni aseTni.

dimitri ciciSvili. naswavli ruseTSi, rusis sam-

saxurSive myofi. Semdeg dabrunda saqarTveloSi, iyo

mTargmneli. monawileobas iRebda 1812 w. omSi.

qaixosro mdivanbegi. mcodne rusulis enis da ru-

seTSi msaxuri, iyo meleqse, daswera poema „mijnurT

bude“.

dimitri amilaxvari. Ze aleqsandresi, aRizarda ru-

seTs, swavlobda samxedro saswavlebelSi. qarTulad

sTargmna wigni „oqros aRnaqvsi“.

vaxtang batoniSvili, bagrationi. Ze giorgi XIII-is.

swavla miiRo ruseTSi, qarTuls enazed sTargmna 1.

„cxenis karabadini“, 2. „karabadini frinvelTa“. uTargmnia

„feiriverki“, anu „cecxlis mfrqveveli SuSxuna“, mis-

devda leqsebis werasac. 1812 w. rusTa da francuze-

bis omSi iRebda monawileobas. amis gverdiT iyvnen

sxva batoniSvilebic, romelTac TavianT surviliT

miiRes monawileba.

dimitri bagrationi. saxli kaci petre bagrationi-

sa. scxovrebda ruseTs, iyo samxedro samsaxurSi, mo-

nawileobas iRebda rus-francuzTa omSi 1812 w. di-

mitri qarTul mwerlobasac misdevda, aman daswera

leqsad „wameba qeTevan dedoflisa“, romelic peter-

burgSi dabeWda 1816 w.

grigol bagratovani. biZa dimitri bagrationisa.

iyo mwignobari, scxovrebda ruseTSi, miiRo monawi-

leoba rus-francuzTa omSi. gardaicvala ruseTSive.

gabriel maiori. iyo Tfiliseli somxis sjulis me-

qoni. didxans scxovrebda ruseTSi, msaxurebda samxedro

samsaxurSi, iyo maxvil-gonieri kaci, maioris xarisxis

SeZenis Semdeg saqarTveloSi dabrunda, iyo mTargmne-

li rusulis enidam wignebis, aman qarTuls enazed

bevri ram wignebi sTargmna. amanve moawyo pirvelad

qarTuli Teatri da piesebis warmodgena. es piri da-

kuwul iqmna 1795 w. aRa mamad xanis omSi.

daviT batoniSvili, memkvidre giorgi mefisa, gai-

zarda ruseTis samxedro saswavlebelSi, mere msaxu-

rebda mxedrobaSi, ruseTSi miaRwia general-leitenan-

tobamdis. mamis sikvdilis dros igi am xarisxis iyo.

pavle ciciSvili. cnobili piri. aRizarda ruseTSi,

swavla miiRo samxedro saswavlebelSi, iyo niWieri

moswavle. mere msaxurebda ruseTSi, bolos miaRwia

general-leitenantobamdis. qarTl-kaxeTis ruseTis im-

periasTan dakavSirebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi pirvel

mTavar marTeblad es iqmna daniSnuli. moklul iqmna

baqos aRebis dros.

gaioz nacvliSvili. anton kaTalikozis Tanxlebu-

li, gaaTava jereT moskovis seminaria, mere iqve rusis

akademiis swavla miiRo 1777 w. iyo kai mTargmne-

li rusulis enidam qarTuls enazed wignebis. es pir-

veli magaliTi iyo rom qarTvelma rusis akademiaSi

miiRo swavla.

varlam erisTavi. Tanxlebuli anton pirvelis.

swavla daamTavra ruseTis akademiaSi, iyo mwignobari

piri, mere pirveli eqsarxosi saqarTvelosi.

simon WeliZe, mosdokeli qarTveli. miiRo sasu-

liero swavla, mere daamTavra moskovis akademiis swav-

la 1780 wlebs.

aq moTvlil pirT garda ruseTSi mravlad iyvnen

da msaxurebdnen sxvanic, zogi maTgani aficeri iyo,

zogi sxva xarisxis, zogic vin icis ris xarisxis meqoni,

zogi gamoCenilnic mxedrobis msaxurebis niWiT. Cven aq

yvelas ver movsTvliT, aseT pirTa ricxvi nametur

gamravlden XIX sauk. Semdeg. raki saqarTvelos ru-

seTis imperiasTan dakavSirebac moxda. minamdisac ki ru-

seTis guberniebSi mravlad iyvnen im qarTvelT STamo-

mavalTa Svilebis, romelebic vaxtang mefes gahdayvnen

ruseTSi, maTSi generlebic mravlad iyvnen, rogorc

hanCuliZe, wereTeli, muCaiZe, lomiZe da bevri sxvani,

romelTac gvarebi gadakeTebulebi aqvndaT, anu ga-

dasxvaferebulni.

rac Seexeba qarTvelT mefeTa gvaris Svilebis

ricxvs ruseTSi, amasac aaxlovebda is garemoeba, rom

Cven da rusTa bevrs warCinebul gvaris SvilebT Soris

gamarTuli iyo naTesaoba, naTlioba da amitom ru-

seTSi xSirad ixmobdnen saqarTvelodam ruseTSi Tvis

monaTesavTa da monaTlulTa Svilebs saswavleblad.

aseTia magaliTebr qarTvelis poetis da griboedovis

simamris aleqsandre WavWavaZis saqme, romelic ekate-

rina imperatricas monaTluli iyo da petre ivanesZe

bagrationi, romlis mamidac gaTxovil iyo ruseTis

cnobils l. a. galicinzed da romel qalis Taosno-

biTac axalgazrda petre moxmobil iqmna peterburgs sas-

wavleblad, sadac man saxelovnebiT daamTavra Tavisi

mxvedri.

ruseTSi qarTvelT Svilebis swavlis siyvarulis

gza gaexsna pirvelad 1721 w. vaxtang mefis gadasaxle-

bis dros. mis mere qarTvelni nel-nela midiodnen

ruseTSi, maTi swavlis siyvaruli qarTvelebSi ise wa-

vida win, rom anton kaTalikozma saqarTveloSi mos-

vlis da sakaTalikozo taxtis miRebis umal TfilisSi

da TelavSi seminariebi daarsa ruseTulis seminariebis

wesiT. amaebs garda 1782 w, raki saqarTvelo ruseTis

imperiis mfarvelobis qveS Sevida, mis mere qarTvelT

Svilebmac mravlad iwyes ruseTis saswavleblebSi mgza-

vroba da swavlis miReba. es rom ase aris, amas eWvi ar

unda. es cxadia istoriulad da WeSmariti.

amitom aq sakvirveli ar unda iyos is garemoeba, rom

petre ivanesZe bagrationi, qarTvelT samefo ojaxis

wevri, ruseTis samsaxurSi iseTi gamoCenili da moxer-

xebuli generali gaxldaT. mainc qarTvelebs ruseTis

samxedro samsaxuri didaT emarjveboTaT. nametur

qarTvel Tavad-aznaurobam xom mTeli gundi aCuqa Se-

saniSnavis mxedrebis, mxedarT mTavrebis da sxvac aseTe-

bis, romelnic utyuvrad amSveneben ruseTis istorias.

qarTveli eris sulieri viTareba iseTis saqristianos

viTarebiT iyo savse, rac uadvilesad da martivad

ayvarebda qarTveless rusebs, amitomac Tav mosawonic

unda iyos CvenTvis is garemoeba, rom ruseTis samxe-

dro da saero istoriis aspareszed mravlad isaxeles

Tavi qarTvelT samxedro pirebma. amitom CvenTvis arc

is garemoeba unda iyos ucxo, rom ruseTis mTavrobis

da samsaxuris winaSe petre bagritioni iseTis energiis

kaci aRmoCnda da masTan saxelovanic. aseTi saxelovani

Svilebi qarTvelma erma ruseTis imperias XIX sauku-

nis Semdeg ufro mravlad da uxvad aCuqa, romelTa

Sroma da samxedro raindobiTac mofenilia kavkasiis

mTebi, maTi sisxliT morwyulia oTxsav kide da maTi-

save ZalovnebiT da energiulis SromiT aris saqarTve-

loSi ruseTis mTavrobis Zala damyarebuli. Cven aseT

saxelovan Zvel generalTa saxelebis moxsenebiT Tavs

aravis vatkenT, davasaxelebT Tund mokleT isev Cveni

drois pirT:

orbelianT gvaris generlebs: grigol dimitrisZes,

sosikos, vaxtangs, dimitris, aleqsandres, mamukas da

sxvaTac mravalT warCinebulT.

ciciSvilebis gvaridam pavledam dawyobili mravlad

sxvebic gamoCenilni.

eriasTaviaanT gvaris mravalT giorgi ramaniC gene-

ral-leitenants da atamans da mravalTac sxvebs.

WavWavaZis gvaris generlebs nikoloz WavWavaZes,

zaqaria WavWavaZes, daviT WavWavaZes, ivane sulxanisZe

WavWavaZe, poeti aleqsandre da sxvanic.

dadianTagan mravlad nikoloz generali, niko-

loz meore – mTavari, grigoli generali, da mravalnic

sxvani.

gurielebis gvaridam general grigol gurieli,

iese da bevric sxvani.

SarvaSiZeebis gvaridam ramdenime warCinebulni ge-

nerlebi.

meliqiSvilebis levan ivanesZe da bevric sxvani.

amilaxvrebis, rogoric iyo ivane givisZe da vin

icis ramdeni kidev eniT uTvlelni sxvani, romelTac

ruseTis samxedro samsaxurSi didi didebiT da saxe-

lovnebiT isaxeles Tavi. amdeni magaliTebis Semdeg

mivalT axla petre ivanesZe bagrationis anusxvazed, mo-

viyvanT mxolod imas rac CvenTvis aris saWiro.

petre bagrationi suvorovis xelmZRvanelobis qveS

ruseTis 1812 w. SesaniSnav meomarTa ricxvs ekuTvnis.

petre ivanesZe bagrationi, Tavis drois kvalad es cno-

bili gmiri kaci aris, upirvelesi mebrZoli ruseTis mxe-

drobisa. aman Tavis dros didaT gaamSvena ruseTis

samxedro saxeli. am pirs ruseTis eris istoriaSi uka-

via didi adgili, 1812 w. omis istoria mas aniWebs

uaRres mniSvnelobas, igi sCans uerTgules mebrZolad

ruseTis eris da xelmwifis taxtis winaSe.

petre bagrationi daibada 1765 w. saqarTveloSi,

igi ekuTvnis vaxtang VI-is Zmis wuls aleqsandre bag-

rationebis ojaxs, pirdapiri naTesavi aris vaxtang VI-is

STamomavlobis da amaT naTesaobis. pirvel dawyebiT man

wera-kiTxva da Tavis drois Sesaferi swavla saqarTveloSi

miiRo ise, ra wesiTac maSin aswavliden qarTvelT samefo

ojaxis Svilebs. patara bagrationi metad gonieri Tvisebis

da swavlis moyvare, igi saswavlebelSi iqamdis gulis

yuriani iyo, rom Tavis drois kvalad rusul enasac

ki swavlobda. saqarTveloSi, qarTvelT rusuli enis

Seswavla savaldebulod SemoiRes 1765 wlidam. am

wlidam rusul enasac iseve aswavliden qarTvelT Svi-

lebs, rogorc arabuls, sparsuls da osmalurs.

petre ivanesZes rusuli wera-kiTxva da laparaki

saqarTveloSive scodnia. amas garda misi bunebrivi ni-

Wis sxva swavlis miRebaSiac moxerxebuli, marjve yofi-

la, amis niWierebis ambebi mis naTesavebsac kargad scod-

niad da masTan im mandilosansac, romelic ruseTSi

iyo gaTxovili. garda aseTi garemoebisa, maSin qarT-

velT Soris ukve gavrcelebuli iyo is azrebic, rom

visac kai swavlis miReba unda, is usaTuod ruseTSi

unda wavides saswavleblada da ara sparseTSio. qarT-

velT amis safuZvelic aqvndaT, radganac ruseTSi qarT-

veli moswavleni ufro didis codniT da saxelovnebiT

imoseboden, vidre sparseTSi.

qarTvelT SvilebSi ruseTis saswavlebelTa upi-

ratesoba gavrcelda 1770 w. raki moskovis akademiaSi

swavla daamTavra ramdenmame qarTvelma, romelTa swav-

lis gaTavebis cnobac mTel saqarTveloSi iqmna mofe-

nili. swavlis garemoeba ise wavida win, rom qarTvelT

Svilebi uaRresad didis xalisiT gahyvnen am cnebas.

akademiebis swavlis garda qarTvelT TviT sauniversite-

to swavlis gegmac Seityes da gaicnes. qarTvelTa ru-

seTSi swavlis natvra saidumlo azri aravisTvis iyo,

igi yvelas winaSe iqmna cnobili, rom qarTvelT Svi-

lebs didaT enatrebaT ruseTSi swavla-ganaTlebis mi-

Rebao.

petre bagrationis niWierebam uadvilesad miaRwia

Tavis mamidamdis, romeli mandilosanic Cven ukve zemoT

gakvriT movixseneT. am qalma isurva patara petre

bagrationis ruseTSi dabareba da samxedro swavla-

ganaTlebis miReba. es malec daibara. 16 wlis bagra-

tioni ukve ruseTSi gaemgzavra Tavis mamidasTan, sadac

igi male mivida. misvlisaTanave amas dauwyves rusuli

eniT swavla-ganaTlebis micema, amave dros igi warud-

gines gamoCenil mxedarT mTavars general potemkins,

romelmac petre bagrationi im dRidganve Caricxa kavka-

siis muSketeris polkSi. ase rom amis swavla-ganaTle-

bis miReba da mxedrobaSi samsaxurad Caricxva erT dros

iwyeba.

samxedro samsaxuri petre bagrationma sul ubra-

lo msaxurebiT daiwyo, magram amave dros, igi rogorc

samxedro saqmianobiT, iseve swavla-ganaTlebiTac dids

niWs iCenda, saqme ise kargad wauvida, rom ori wlis

mere rusuls ise swerda da kiTxulobda, ise lapara-

kobda, rogorc namdvili rusi. mas kaci marto saxiT

SeniSnavda, rom igi rusi ar iyo da qarTveli, an sxva

tomis unda yofiliyos, Torem rusuli enis mxriv

misi garCeva Zneli iyo Turme, esec erTi niSania petre

bagrationis bunebiTi niWierebis. davsZenT imasac rom

petre bagrationis dros saqarTvelom ruseTSi qar-

TvelT Svilebma uxvaT iwyes siaruli, TiTqmis mudam

Tve da wels midioden TiTo orola moswavleni. amis

warmatebis safuZvlad gaxda saqarTvelos xel-Sekru

loba da ruseTis imperatrica ekaterina meoris mfar-

velobis qveS 1782 w. Sesvla.

samxedro samsaxuri petre bagrations brZolis

velzed adre mouxda, igi jereT oci wlisac ar iyo,

rom unter aficris xarisxiT monawileoba miiRo ru-

seTis mxedrobasTan CeCnebzed galaSqrebaSi 1784 da

1786 wlebs. aq, brZolis dros, petre iCenda dids

gambedaobas da simardes omis wuTebSi, man ara erTxel

da orjer gaimarjva, igi iseTis cecxliT hfrinavda,

rasac Turme maTi ufrosi polkovniki gancvifrebiT

umzerda. aseTis Tav-gamodebulis brZolis dros erT

alagas damarcxebul iqmna ruseTis mxedroba, TiTqmis

mTeli razmi mospes Turme, jarisa da masTan mxedrobis

ufrosic mokles. am omSi mZimed dasWres bagrationic.

am omis gamo CeCnebi da maTi mezoblebi Zalian

gabrazebulni iyvnen ruseTzed, eseni visac ki Sexvde-

boden rusis mxedars, Tu sxva vinmes, yvelas scarcvav-

den. ase da am gvarad, roca bagrationi dasWres, mis

mere miskenac wasulan gasacarcvavaT, magram misulT

male ucvniaT, rom petre aris saqarTvelos samefo

SvilTa STamomavalTagani, amitom igini misgan Sors

dadgnen da gacarcvis magier TanagrZnoba ganucxades

da mfarvelobac aRmouCines. CeCenTagan petres cnoba

Cven ar unda gvikvirdes, radganac 1700 wlebis Semdeg vax-

tang mefis simamris Cerqezis batonis wyalobiT, qarT-

veli eri da mefeTa STamomavalT cnobani maT kargad

gaicnes. ase rom 1700 wlebidam Cven sakmarisad dagvi-

axlovden CeCnebi, Cerqezni, gaRma mxris osebi da mra-

valic sxva aseT mTis erni.

bagrationis cxovrebis rusis aRmweri mogviTxrobs,

rom „CeCnebi miuaxlovdnen Tu ara, maT maSinaTve icnes

Svili im patiosan qarTvelTa, romelnic mosdokSi cxovre-

bis dros daxmarebas aZlevden aramc Tu martod Tavisia-

nebs, aramed yvelas da nametur maT mTis xalxsaco“. am

cnobis wyalobiT gadarCa bagrationi sikvdils, Torem

Tu ar es, maT iseTi javri sWirdaT rusebis, rom bagra-

tionic ucnoblobis gamo usaTuod msxverpli gaxde-

boda. nacvlad amis mTis xalxma Turme miiRes yovel-

nairi Ronis Zieba, rom bagrationi ar momkvdariyo.

moarCines Turme da kargad gaxades. am sicocxlis Cu-

qebis Sesaxeb mravaljer ulapaknia Turme TviT bagra-

tionsac. mTiulebzed galaSqrebis dros sul mokle

drois ganmavlobaSi bagrationma ise isaxela Tavi sam-

xedro siyvarulis niWiT, rom man yuradReba miipyro

TviT gamoCenilis suvorovisaganac. suvorovi Turme

aRtacebuli darCa bagrationis bunebrivis samxedro

niWiT, vaJkacobiT da gmirobiT, rac bagrations cxa-

daT emCneoda. bagrationi male iqmna dajildoebuli

Sesaferis RirsebiT da niSnebiT. amis Semdeg, 1788 w.

atyda rus-osmalTa omi. am omSiac isaxela bagrationma

didaT. omis Semdeg bagrationma premier maiorobasac

advilad miaRwia da mis Semdeg igi msaxurebda gmiru-

lis gambedaobiT poloneTSi, sadac mis ufrosad su-

vorovi gaxldaT. aq msaxurebis dros mas polonelTa

omSiac mouxda brZola da 1794 w. man polonelni

sastikaTac daamarcxa. am gamarjvebis Semdeg igi sxva da

sxva wvrilman brZolasac eswreboda, sadac yvelgan

mamacobas iCenda. amav wlis 1794 w. seqtembris 11-s

daamarcxa mZlavrad polonelTa mZlavri kavalariis

mxedroba. damarcxebul polonelT kavalerias ise gau-

Wira saqme, rom igini gaqceul iqmnen TavianT banakidam.

amis Semdeg mTeli Tavis sicocxle bagrationma

samxedro aspareszed gaatara saxelovnaT. amis niWieri

mxedrobis avkargianobis Sesaxeb Cven ar vilaparakebT,

mxolod cnobebs moviyvanT, rac cxadliv gamoaCens am gmi-

rul meomar Tav-ganwirul kacis Rirsebas. amis Rir-

sebis gasacnobad da mimoxilvad esec kmara, igi udi-

desi gmir generalTagania ruseTis eris istoriaSi.

1794 w. 13 oqt. poloneTs, daba bordosTan, igi

SeefeTa polonelTa brbos, 1000 kaci, romelnic tye-

Si imaleboden, maT aqvndaT samxedro iaraRi da erTi

zarbazani. es brbo bagrationma sastikaT daamarcxa,,

waarTva zarbazani da masTan tyveT ipyra 250 kaci.

1794 w. 24 oqt. w. pragis axlo brZolaSi gamo-

iCina didi samxedro gmiroba da mswrafad gaaZeva po-

lonelT kavarelia. aseTis gmirobisTvis mas suvorovma

gadasca didi madloba. am brZolis Semdeg mohyva var-

Savis aRebac. am brZolaSic bagrationma didaT isaxela

Tavi. bagrationma Turme suvorovisagan SeiZina bevri

ram samxedro codna da ostatoba. 1798 w. igi da-

jildoebul iqmna polkovnikis xarisxiT. 1799 w. mi-

iRo general-maioroba. amav dros daiwyo fracuzebis

omi. am dros, italiaSi gaigzavna suvorovis meTauro-

biT ruseTis mxedroba, amaTSive gaxldaT bagrationi.

am omianobis dros bagrationma miiRo didi Tanamde-

boba da masTan davalebac umaRlesis karidam. umaRlesi

davaleba man Cinebulad Seasrula da aq omianobis dros

gamoiCina didi gmiroba, samxedro Sno da raindoba,

ris saSualebiTac aRebul iqmna ramdenime qalaq-dabebi

da sxvani. aq igi daWrilic iqmna, magram igi male mo-

arCines. amis Semdeg misi saxeli ganiTqva italias,

avstrias, safrangeTs da sxvaganac.

1799 w. enkenisTvidam samxedro moqmedeba iqmna

gadatanili SveicariaSi. aq bagrationi iqmna daniSnu-

li mowinave jaris ufrosad, sadac gaiTqva da daimsa-

xura dauRalav-daumarcxebelis meomris saxeli. 13 en-

kenisTves aiRo daba Tirolo sen-gotardis gzazed.

meore dRes igi gadavida mtrisagan naxevrad dangreul

egred wodebul „eSmakis xidzed“, romelic mTis aRge-

buli TiTqmis ufskrulzed, or uzar-mazar mTis Sua.

gadasvlisTanave bagrationma aiRo muTenis veli, 19 da

20 enkenisTvemde saSinlad daamarcxa mteri ventalis

velzed, sadac TiTonac iqmna daWrili. miuxedavaT

amisa, man 24 enkenisTves d. SvandenTan 12 saaTis gan-

mavlobaSi daiWira mteri, rom mieca SeZleba suvoro-

visaTvis gadasuliyo elmaze. amisaTvis bagrationi da-

niSnul iqmna imperator pavlesagan Sefad egeris avand-

gart batalaonis da dajildoebul wm. annas pirvel

xarisxovan ordeniT.

bagrationis niWiereba TviT pavle imperatorsac

euwya suvorovisagan. pavle imperatoris mefoba bagra-

tionma Cinebulis samsaxuriT daasabuTa. amis Semdeg ga-

mefda Ze amisi aleqsandre imperatori da amis mefobaSic

bagrationi aRmosCnda SesaniSnav mxedarT-mTavrad. 1805

w. daiwyo napaleon imperatoris omi ruseTis saxelmwi-

fosTan. am omSi mTavar-sardlobda kutuzovi, romlis

gamgeobis qveS iyo bagrationi. am omSi didi Sno da

samxedro codna gamoiCina da 6,000 kaciT daamarcxa 30

aTasi kaci da gaaZeva mteri. aq bagrationma iseTi gmi-

roba gamoiCina, rac akvirvebda mTel evropis ers, avst-

rias, germanias, prusias, italias da safrangeTs. TviT

napaleon imperatorsac. amis cnobis moyvareoba ise

wavida win, rom TviT napaleonsac ki moaxsenes rom

bagrationi qarTveli ariso.

bagrationi iseTi Tvalis Cinis kaci yofila da ise-

Ti Zlierebis, raisa gamo igi uadvilesad imorCilebda

TviT mtersac Turme, erTi amis sityva da xelis ganZre-

va Jriamuls hgvrida TviT jaris kacTaca. amis cda mas

yovels omis dros hqonia. erTxel, rogorRac misma

adiutantma moaxsena, rom „mteri Cven cxvirwin ari-

so“ – bagrationi amaze ar gawyra, romelsac metad di-

di cxviri aqvnda, hkiTxa adiutants vis cxviramdis?

Sen cxviramdis Tu Cemiso, Tu Cem cxviramdis, maSin Cven

sauzmesac movaswrebTo.

1808 w. iRebda monawileobas Svedelebis omis fin-

landiazed galaSqrebaSi. SvedelebTan omSi aman gamoi-

Cina didi mxneoba, ris gamoc misi saxelis gmiroba mTel

evropaSi ganisma. Svedebi aman sastikad daamarcxa, saqme

ise moawyo, rom 1809 w. TviT Svedebis korolis wina-

Se daamarcxa sastikad maTi samxedro razmi. aq amis omi-

anoba SesaniSnavis gamarjvebiT gaTavda. bagrations

tyved Cauvarda 300 jaris-kaci, 21 aficeri, auarebeli

qoneba, 2 bairaRi, 30 zarbazani da sxva bevri ram.

am gamarjvebis samaxsovrod man miiRo general-infante-

roba da vladimeris pirveli xarisxis ordeni da sxva

saCuqrebi SvedelebTan omSi gmirobis gamoCenis gamo.

1809 w. bagrationma miiRo umaRlesi xarisxi da

masTan mTavar-sardloba, romelic Tavis laSqriT mdi-

nare dunais mxriT unda Sebmoda osmalT. aqac omiano-

biT didaT isaxela Tavi da osmalT waarTva bevri adgi-

lebi, raisa gamo man madloba miiRo TviT imperatoris

aleqsandresagan. amis madlobam ufro gaamxneva bagra-

tioni.

1810 w. imisi samxedro gambedaoba kvlad iqmna da-

fasebuli TviT imperatoris aleqsandre pirvelisagan

da dasaCuqrebul iqmna andria pirvel-wodebulis orde-

niT. am wels bagrations mTels ruseTSi ise ganeTqva

saxeli, rom misi gmirobis cnobis Sesaxeb yvelagan la-

parakobden, amitomac maSin amas uwodes rusis jaris-

kacTa „Богъ рати онь“, e. i. igi RmerTi jarisa.

1812 w. daiwyo safrangeTis napoleonis da ruseTis

omi. am omiT kvlav ganaxlda bagrationis gmiruli moR-

vaweobis xana. am omSi bagrations ebara eqvsi divizia,

mtrisa ki TerTmeti divizia yofila. am saocars omSi-

ac bagrationma gamoiCina iseTi mxneoba da gmiroba, ra-

mac sakmarisad Searyia napoleonis mxedroba, bevrs ala-

gas daamarcxa aman igini. am omSi bagrationma iseTi

ostatoba gamoiCina, ramac gaakvirva didaT TviT kutu-

zovic, romelmac kvlad aqo bagrationi. 1812 w, 26

agvistos iyo didi brZola moskovis guberniis mo-

Jais mazraSi. aq moxda didi da cxare brZola, sadac

bagrationma ibrZola gansacvifreblis mamacobiT. mcire

xnis Semdeg igini Zleul iqmnen da imav dros bagra-

tionic daWril iqmna marjvena fexSi. amas siaruli

aRar SaeZlo, napoleonma male moskovic aiRo.

moskovis aRebis wineT eqimebis rCeviT bagrationi

ganamzades sxvagan gadasayvanad da malec gaamgzavres.

gzaSi aman gamoscada didi tanjva da mwuxareba, avad-

myofoba gauZlierda, avaTmyofobas veRar gauZlo, garda-

icvala 12 seqtebmers 1812 w. sof. simas, sadac daa-

saflaves kidec. ukanaskneli saCuqari 50 aTasi manaTi

bordos omis samaxsovrod man veRar miiRo. ase das-

rulda am Zlieri meomari gmiris sicocxlis dReni

ruseTis samxedro aspareszed. rusis mweralTa sityviT,

petre ivanesZe yofila iseTis keTilis Tvisebis, raisa

gamo igi erT lukma pursac uyofda Tavis xelqvei-

Tebsao. mas Semdeg ager gavida asi weliwadi da am xnis

ganmavlobaSi am piris saxeli aravis daviwyebia. nacvlad

daviwyebis petres dids pativs scemda ruseTis impera-

tori nikoloz pirveli, aleqsandre mesame da bevrnic

sxva aseT umaRles pirni. amis gardacvaleba mTelma ru-

seTis erma iglova, misi saxelis anusxva iqmna 1812 w.

ruseTis omis saukeTeso gmirTa saxelebis gverdiT,

romlis xsenebas exla Cvenc miuZRveniT es wigni.

meti ar iqneba SeniSvnad iTqvas Semdegi: mswavlul

samxedro pirebis TqmiT, petre rom ise adre ar mo-

eklaT, maSin igi Zriel male iseT mxneobas da samxedro

niWs gamoiCenda, riTac igi bevrad maRla dadgeboda

TviT kutuzovsa da suvorovzedacao. amis niSnebi mas

kargad emCneoda da yvela brZolaSi maT sjobnida ki-

dec.