ENGLISH 4.

Speech to present an award - speaker

Critique - literary technique which means to
critically evaluate a piece of literary work or a
political or philosophical theory in detail.
Purpose is to highlight the strengths and
weaknesses of a piece.
Literary Approaches
1. Formalistic criticism - see the work as
an independent & self-sufficient object.
2. Structuralism - focus on the structure
of a particular text. Remember to:
3. Moralist - judge literary works
according to moral rather than formal
principles.
4. Sociological / Marxist - personal
situations of the reader in relation to
the text.
5. Feminist / Gender - use a wide variety Strategies:
of issues related to gender
6. Historical- Biographical - reflection of
the author’s life and times or the life
and times of the characters in the
work.
7. Reader-response - role of the reader is
essential to the meaning of a text.
presents a person with an award or
prize. To give recognition to the
recipient.
5. Acceptance speech - gives the
recipient an opportunity to show
appreciation for the award.
6. Commemorative speeches and tributes
- speeches that pay special accolades
to an occasion, person, event, idea or
monument.
1. Practice
2. Practice confidence
3. Understand your audience
4. Give occasion-specific speeches
5. Watch the time
1. Movement and specific gestures
2. Facial expressions
3. Eye contact
4. Voice

Vocabulary
▪ blunder - stupid or careless mistake
▪ nimble - quick movement
▪ trifle - thing of little value
▪ petulant - childishly sulky/ bad temper
▪ quay - concrete, stone
▪ remorse - deep regret
▪ mortgaged - legal agreement
▪ awry - away from the appropriate

Special occasion speech

- Designed to address and engage the
context and audience’s emotions on a
specific occasion.

1. Speech of introduction - introduces the

main speaker at an event and inspires
the audience to listen to that speaker.
Brief.
2. Toast - tribute to a person or event.
Allows the speaker to acknowledge
accomplishments & express best
wishes.
3. Roast - kind of toast that is humorous
and pokes fun at the honored person
in a friendly way.
ARTS
Elements of Media Based Arts: building blocks
● LINE - distance between 2 points (path
of a moving point)
● SHAPE - figure of a particular
condition that outlines anything you
can see.
● COLOR - different hues, pigments, and
shades applied
● VALUE - lightness and darkness of
color, shading and highlighting
● FORM - forming two or more shapes or
as 3-dimensional shapes (cube,
pyramid, sphere etc.)
● TEXTURE - quality of a surface
● SPACE - distances or areas around,
between or within components of a
piece.
Media based Art creates an impact through the
innovation it brings to people.
Mobile photography - art of photography using
a smartphone or mobile device. It is a modern
art form. It is discreet, intimate, and always
accessible to capture a moment.
● PIXLR - a powerful, free online image
editor.
● PIC COLLAGE - allows you to make
collages incorporating photos, stickers
text, and frames
● PHOTO GRID - downloadable
application for android phones that
allows you to make collages out of
images from your photo gallery.
● DOODLE BOOTH - an iPad application
that enables you to ‘doodle’ on your
stickers.
● PICSART - a free photo editor and
drawing application, as well as a social
network for you to share your art with
others.
● PHOTOBOOTH - an application for
taking photos & videos using an iPad
or iPad mini
● INSTAGRAM - a fast and fun way to
share images with others, snap a
photo, choose from the available
filters, and share to other social
networks.
Application of Different Media Techniques and
Processes
● Adobe Flash - software platform used to
create rich digital content containing
animation, graphic effects, streaming video
and other interactive elements to deliver
engaging user experiences over many
platforms, including desktops and mobile
devices.
● Windows Movie Maker - allows you to
quickly build a personalized movie that
incorporates video, still images,
background music, and narration. This
movie can be customized further by adding
titles, transitions, and video effects.
● Adobe Dreamweaver - website creation
program that allows you to build and
publish web pages. Dreamweaver is useful
for a variety of web designers, from
beginners to advanced professionals.
Animation Council of the Philippines (ACPI)
- non-stock , non-profit organization
that aims to create an identity for the
PH within the animation industry.
Works hand in hand with Technical
Education & Skills Development
Authority (TESDA)
- Offers scholarships to high school
graduates from 18 to 45.
Philippine Animation Studio, Inc. (PASI)
- Est 1991. Collaborated with foreign
partners. Captain flamingo, Producing
Parker, Groove high, & Space Heroes
Universe.
2008 Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia, said to be the
country’s first all-digital full-length animated feature
film. Produced by Cutting Edge Productions, the film
presents Philippine mythical creatures as
heartwarming characters in a young boy's
adventure. The production involved over 500 local
animators and featured a “tra-digital animation”
technique. Its characters were rendered in 2D
animation, while the backdrops were created using
3D animation. Dayo was also the first-ever animated
movie to be screened during the Metro Manila Film
Festival, as it was entered in the 34th MMFF in
December 2008. Another breakthrough was the first
Filipino full 3D- animated film, RPG Metanoia, co-
produced by Ambient Media, Thaumatrope
Animation, and Star Cinema in 2010.
HEALTH
Issues in Implementation of Global Health Initiatives
Patient barriers to care
Many illnesses and diseases are curable but the
conditions of many people that have them are
getting worse because they do not have access to
medical care.
Financial Barriers
Many patients don’t have the financial capability to
afford medical checkups and medicines. The
distances and cost of travel also hinder in accessing
medical healthcare.
Culturally appropriate education
To develop a culturally relevant education program,
one must engage strategically with local culture to
look at the way in which culture influences lifestyle
and behavior.
Local Management
Local health providers must be hired because they
are the ones that understand the culture and actions
of the local people. This could prevent
misunderstandings and conflicts.
Medication Management
When patients fail to take checkups and appropriate
doses at regular time intervals, they increase the
chance that they will remain sick. Or worse, spread
the disease.
Program Evaluation Metrics
The availability of health information to inform
decisions can ensure funding and further the efficacy
of global health interventions.
Global Health Initiatives in the National/ Local
Context
The Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases:
A. ROLL BACK MALARIA
Reduce the number of deaths from malaria infection
through heightened prevention tools, rapid response
to outbreaks, development of new antimalarial
products, and effective treatment of the infection.
B. STOP TB
Prevent further transmission of tuberculosis or TB
around the world.
C. GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR VACCINES &
IMMUNIZATIONS
Strengthen children’s immunization programs and
introduce a new generation of licensed vaccines into
use in developing countries across the globe.
D. THE GLOBAL FUND TO FIGHT AIDS, TB,
AND MALARIA
It helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation
of the negative impacts of the 3 diseases to
humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the
Millenium Development Goals.
Global Initiative for Mental Health:
A. COMPREHENSIVE MENTAL HEALTH
ACTION PLAN (2013-2020)
1. To fight and alleviate negative trends in
mental health
2. To improve and make mental health
services and care accessible
3. To prevent abuse of rights and unjust
treatment against people with mental
problems, disorders, and disabilities which
are still prevalent around the world.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Sep 25, 2015. To end poverty, protect
the planet, and ensure prosperity.
1. No Poverty - end poverty in all its
forms.
2. Zero Hunger - end hunger, achieve
food security & improved nutrition
3. Good health & Well-being - ensure
healthy lives for all ages
4. Clean water and sanitation - ensure
access to water and sanitation
5. Sustainable cities and communities -
make cities inclusive, safe, resilient,
and sustainable.
6. Responsible consumption & Production
- to ensure sustainable consumption
7. Life below water - conserve oceans,
seas, and marine resources
8. Life on land - manage forests, combat
desertification, halt biodiversity loss
8 Millennium Development Goals - Sep 2000
achieved by 2015.
▪ address discrimination against women and
children, disease, hunger, poverty, illiteracy,
and environmental degradation.
1. Eradicate extreme poverty & Hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other
diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Global partnership for development
SCIENCE
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Coordinates functions of all other
organs
2. Receives, examines, process, data, and
initiate responses
3. Controls & regulates all activities w/ in
4. Center of all mental activity like
learning, memory, thought, and speech
5. Regulates & maintains homeostasis
6. Keep us in touch with the external
environment.
Homeostasis - body’s ability to maintain
constant internal equilibrium by adjusting
physiological processes.
Neuron - basic cellular unit of the nervous
system. Transmit impulses to parts.
▪ Sensory (afferent) - receive info and send
impulses
▪ interneurons - scattered throughout the brain
▪ Motor (efferent) - from brain to muscles
Neurotransmitters - chemical messengers
Central Nervous System (CNS) - brain and
spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - somatic
nervous system, and autonomic nervous
system (breathing, urination, heartbeat,
digestion and salivation).
Autonomic:
▪ sympathetic mechanism - times of stress.
Triggers fight or flight reaction.
▪ parasympathetic mechanism - bring back to
normal state
DNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND MUTATION
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - molecule that
contains biological instructions that make each
species unique. Is passed from adult organisms
to their offspring during reproduction.
- It is found in the nucleus. Packaged
form of DNA is called a chromosome.
- Genome is an organism’s complete set
of DNA.
- Mitochondria generate the energy the
cell needs to function properly.
DNA is made of chemical building blocks called
NUCLEOTIDES. Made of 3 parts: a phosphate
group, a sugar group, and one of four types of
nitrogen bases.
4 types of nitrogen bases:
(A) ADENINE
(T) THYMINE
(G) GUANINE
(C) CYTOSINE
DNA contains the instructions needed for an
organism to develop, survive, and reproduce.
Each DNA sequence that contains instructions
to make a protein is called a gene.
Double helix - DNA’s winding, two-stranded
chemical structure. Looks like a twisted ladder
- gives DNA the power to pass along biological
instructions.
- Enables the molecule to copy itself
during cell division (replication
process)
Chargaff’s Rule of DNA
In the 1950s, Erwin Chargaf found out
that the DNA of all organisms had the
same bases. A=T and C=G
● Adenine must be pair w/ thymine
● Guanine must pair with cytosine
● The bases form weak hydrogen bonds
Genetic Code
Codon - a sequence of 3 nucleotides which
together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA
or RNA molecule.
Mutation can lead to changes in the structure
of an encoded protein or to a decrease or
complete loss in its expression.
Sex-linked disorder
- Most common is color blindness and
hemophilia. More common in men
because they only have 1 chromosome.
Human Genetic Disorder
▪ Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or mongolism. Extra
chromosome.
▪ William Syndrome - loss of segments in
chromosome 7. Larger ears (elves).
▪ Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) - male lack facial hair
and testes are underdeveloped.
▪ Turner syndrome - 45 chromosomes. 96-98% don’t
survive birch. No menstruation, have narrow hips,
underdeveloped breasts, broad shoulders and neck
.EVOLUTION - a process of change over time.
Refers to the formation and development of
life on earth.
Theory of Natural Selection
- “Survival of the fittest” Charles Robert
Darwin.
Natural Selection Principles of Biodiversity
VARIATION
▪ heritable differences among single species
resulting from differences in the genetic traits
of the living organisms inherited from parents
or due to genetic mutations.
OVERPRODUCTION
▪ As reproduction of offspring increases, there
is a greater chance to survive.
ADAPTATION
▪ Successful organisms are able to live longer
and are able to reproduce more individuals
when they have potential to adapt themselves
to the fast changing type of environment.
Genetics
- Organisms have the basic hereditary
units for all life that consists of similar
nucleotides and proteins.
Fossils
- Remains of plants and animals. Due to
time, particles piled up and eventually
became sedimentary rocks, producing
the original pattern of living
organisms.
THE OCCURENCE OF EVOLUTION
1. Living things produce more offspring
that actually survive.
2. Each organism has the ability to
survive.
3. Variation within a species
4. Variation of members of a species to
survive and reproduce better than
others
5. Living things that survive and
reproduce pass their genetic traits to
the offspring.

DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION

▪ Many individuals possess the traits in every
generation as long as the environment is
suitable for survival and reproduction.

Evidences of Evolution

Embryology
- Refers to the study of embryos and
their development. Scientists observed
that during the early development of
the embryo, these animals have
similarities based on the result of
shared common ancestry.

Comparative Anatomy
- Study of anatomical structure and
evolutionary relationships. Classified
into 3:
1.) Homologous Structures - resemblances
that represent variation that was
present in a common ancestor.
2.) Analogous structures - similarities that
are not a descent from a common
ancestor.
3.) Vestigial structures - remnants of
structures that served important
functions in the organism’s ancestors.
FILIPINO
Pagsasaling Wika
- Peter Newmark (1988)
1. Pagsasaling salita-sa-salita (one-on-
one translation) - literal na salin. A
beautiful garden - isang magandang
hardin
2. Naturalisasyon - inaadap ang normal
na pagbigkas. Coup d’etat (kudeta)
television (telebisyon)
3. Leksikal na kasingkahulugan - malapit
na katumbas o angkop. Old house
(lumang bahay) Old man (matandang
lalaki)
4. Kultural na katumbas - katimbang na
salita sa ibang kultura. Coffee break
(meryenda)
5. adaptasyon/ panghihiram - paglilipat
o panghihiram. Pizza, hotdog.
6. Malaya - Almario (2009) “malaya at
walang kontrol at para hindi na isang
salin”. Isinalin ang diwa. Tone down
your voice (hinaan mo ang iyong
boses”.
7. Idyomatiko - Almario (2009) kung ang
pahayag ay idyomatiko, tumbasan din
ito ng pahayag na idyomatiko. Kung
ano ang puno ay siyang bunga (like
father, like son)

UNLAPI - nagsikap, uminom

GITLAPI - sumikap, tumulong, kumain
HULAPI - kainan, sikapin
KABILAAN - magbabahaym. pagsikapan
LAGUHAN - pagsumikapan,
pinagsinungalingan