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Siera Camacho

SED 312-AA

22 January 2020

Law Chart

Date Law was passed, Summary of Major Tenets of The Law:

Court Cases And Laws: or the case was tried: Who was affected by it:

Brown V. Board of Education
of Topeka
May 17, 1954 This case affected students of a
different race and those with
disabilities. As a result of this case
it lead to those students being
given more equal opportunities.
Oliver Brown and his family sued the Board of
Education in Topeka, Kansas due to the
segregation that was occurring for his
daughters. Linda Brown and her sister had to
walk through a “railroad switchyard” each day
in order to get to their bus stop even though
they lived right down the road from the school;
the family believed that this was a violation of
the fourth amendment, so their took their case
to court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of
the Browns and “decided that state laws
requiring separate but equal schools violated
the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th
Amendment”. (Landmark)

(ESEA) Elementary and
Secondary Education Act
April 7, 1965 This law helps all children, but The Elementary and Secondary Act gave
mainly the children with families money to states and local districts to help them
that were considered economically develop their programs and reduce the
disadvantaged (low-income) and achievement gap among students. They wanted
those with disabilities. every student to be given equal opportunities to

Hobson v. Hansen June 19, 1967 This case affected the low-income
and African American students.
Architectural Barrier Act August 12, 1968 This law affected owners of
building by having them follow
the guidelines and regulations for
people with disabilities.
Diana v. Board of Education September 4, 1970 This case affected Spanish
speaking students to gain equal
opportunities in education.
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succeed. (Heward)
Julius Hobson filed a lawsuit against the Board
of Education of the District of Columbia and
the superintendent, Carl Hansen. The case
revolved around low-income and African
Americans being denied equal educational
opportunities. Hobson believed that the school
was discriminating against students that were
low-income and African American by
conducting a standardized tests in early
elementary schools. The school would place
students on different “tracks” after taking the
test; the white middle class students would be
on a “track” that focused on attending higher
education, while the low-income and African
Americans were aimed towards blue collar jobs
with lower wages. This was deemed unfair.
(Hobson)
This law required a wide range of facilities to
receive federal funding in order to meet the
standards of access required for people with
disabilities. (Home)
In this case, Diana, a Spanish speaking student
was given an IQ test in English. Diana ended
up scoring low on the test and being placed in
class for students with disabilities. The court
ruled that because Diana was given a test in
English instead of Spanish, her native
language, all students should be given tests in

PARC (Pennsylvania October 8, 1971
Association for Retarded
Children) v. Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania
Rehabilitation Act
Education For All November 30, 1975
Handicapped Children Act
(EAHCA)
This case gave students with
disabilities a chance to receive a
free education.
1973 This law affected people with
disabilities.
This law helps all students with
disabilities.
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their native language to avoid incorrect
placement.
(Controversy Over Assessment)
PARC sued Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to
overturn a previous Pennsylvania law, which
mentioned that schools were allowed to deny
students free education that were physically 8
years old, but not yet mentally 5 years old.
They wanted to make sure that all children
receive quality education and as a result the
case resulted in free public education for
children with disabilities.
(Pennsylvania Association for Retarded
Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania)
This law prohibits discrimination of disabilities
in programs that receive federal funding or
employment. It is separated into different
sections, but it could be used in education,
jobs, and the community.
(The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehab Act))
This law requires free appropriate public
education for all children with disabilities from
6 to 21 years old. This law focused on
protecting the rights of children with
disabilities and their parents in decisions
involving their child's education. Each child

Armstrong v. Kline June 21, 1979
Americans with Disabilities July 26, 1990
Act
(IDEA) Individuals with
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with a disability was required to have an IEP
developed. The children must also have the
appropriate services they need in order to
succeed in the least restrictive environment.
(Heward)
This case affects students with In 1978, five parents and their children with
disabilities. disabilities filed three lawsuits. They took the
Secretary of Education,Caryl Kline, to court to
convince her that students with disabilities
should have more than 180 days of school. The
parents believed that their children were
digressing during the summer break; Kline said
that their children were degressing because of
the lack of teacher competence and error. As a
result, schools are required to provide
additional information/instruction to those who
need it, even during the 180 days break.
(Armstrong v. Kline)
Individuals with all different forms This is a civil rights law that prohibits
of disabilities are affected. individuals with disabilities to be
discrimination against in their public life. This
protects individuals with disabilities and makes
sure that they are being given the same
opportunities as others in jobs, schools,
transportation, and all public/private places
open to the public.
(What is the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA)?)
1990 All students with disabilities are The EAHCA was renamed in 1990 as the

Disabilities Act
No Child Left Behind Act
(NCLB)
Individuals with Disabilities
Education Improvement Act
(IDEIA)
affected by this law.
January 8, 2002 All students are affected by this
law, but especially low-income
families.
December 3, 2004 This case affects students with
disabilities.
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IDEA. This law guarantees that all students
with disabilities have access to free public
education, which includes special education
and their services. This law involves
Individualized Education Programs (IEP) for
students with disabilities, along with
appropriate evaluations, an environment that is
less restrictive, and input from parents and
students in decision making.
(Heward)
The ESEA was renamed NCLB, in 2001. They
wanted to improve the achievement
performance for all students with an emphasis
on the students with low-income families. The
ultimate goal was that all children would be
proficient in reading and math by 2014.
(Heward)
This law was originally named IDEA, and
although it kept some of the major
components, it also made some key changes.
This law had added benchmarks and short-term
objectives into IEP’s, so the students can reach
them. Special education teachers received new
terminology, such as “highly qualified”. Under
certain circumstances, a student with a
disability may be removed from school for up
to 45 days whether or not if the offense was
related to their disability or not.
(Heward)
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References

Armstrong v. Kline. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/476/583/1378802/

Controversy Over Assessment . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu/conted2/abc3.htm

Heward, William L.. Exceptional Children: An Introduction To Special Education. Boston: Pearson, 2013. Print.Pgs 27-30.

Hobson v. Hansen. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://usedulaw.com/333-hobson-v-hansen.html

Home. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.access-board.gov/the-board/laws/architectural-barriers-act-aba

Landmark Supreme Court. (n.d.). Brown v. Board of Education. Retrieved from

https://www.landmarkcases.org/cases/brown-v-board-of-education

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: The Public Interest Law Center. (n.d.).

Retrieved from

https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsy

lvania/

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Rehab Act). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://askearn.org/topics/laws-regulations/rehabilitation-act/

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? (2020, January 16). Retrieved from https://adata.org/learn-about-ada