http: / /vew INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 9223 First edition 1992-02-16 Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification Corrosion des métaux et alliages — Corrosivité des atmospheres — ClassificationForeword 180 (tha International Organization for Standardization) is 2 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards fs normally carried out through SO technical commitioas. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beon established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with 180, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization, Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by al least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO $223 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156, Corrosion of metals and alloys. ‘Annex A forms an Integral part of this International Standard. Annex 8 is for information only. © 180 Ri tants reserved. No part of tts pubieaion may be reprogiees oF vied in any frm roy any moana, crn o Mechel cluding pocopyng ara miro, wth Internetionst Case Poste aoe Sietatt Gonave 20 sutrerina Printed In SwitzerlandIntroduction Metals, alloys and metallic coatings may suffer atmospheric corrosion when their surfaces are welled. The nature and rate of the attack will depend upon the properties of surface-formed electrolytes, particularly with regard fo the level and type of gaseous and particulate pollutants In the atmosphere and to the duration of their action on the metalic surface. Data on the corrosivity of the atmosphere aro essential for the devel- ‘opment and specification of optimized corrosion resistance for manu- factured products, There are two ways of determining the corrosivity category of a given location according to this International Standard (see figure 0.1). The corrosivity categories are defined by the corrosion effects on stan- dard specimens as specified in ISO 9225. The corrosivity catogories may ‘be assessed in terms of the most significant atmospheric factors influ- fencing the corrosion of metals and alloys i.e. lime of wetness and pol- lution level. The corrosivity category Is a technical characteristic which provides a basis for the selection of materials and protective-measures in atmos- pheric environmonts subject to the demands of the specific application, particularly with regard to service life. This Inlernational Standard does not take, into consideration the-design ‘and mode of operation of the product which can influen¢e its corrosion teslslance, since these effects are highly speci and cannot be gener:‘Gung valves of corrosion rate for each category for specie metals iso 9224) Determhationof corrosion (eaeenaant ot einen ‘re of slondord epecinana nae so 9226) Figure 0.1 — Classification of atmospheric corrosivity wvCorrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification 41 Scope 1.1. This International Standard specifies factors in Imospheric corrosion of me the time of wetness (7) (80,) (7) and air-born (3). Corrosivity categories (C), which are defined on the basis of these three factors, are used for the classification of atmospheres, 1.2 The classification given in this International Standard can luate the pollution by sullur dioxide (SO,) and/or airborne salinity. ‘This International Standard does not characterize the corrosivity of specific service atmospheres, e.g, atmospheres in the chemical or metallurgical in- . The pollution and time of welness charac: tion of these environments cannot be. ‘The classitied pollution and corrosivity categories can be directly used for technical and economical analyses of corrosion damage and for a rational choice of protection measures. ‘Annex A summarizes the technical content of this International Standard in an easily read form. 2 Normative references ‘The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provision of this International Standard. At the time of publ cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan- ards’ are subject lo revision, and parties to igreements based on this International. Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap- plying the most recent editions of the standards in- 1) See 180 9044:1989, subclause 2.18. ‘ yve.dacin.com/qwak dicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain 1r¢ of currently valid International Standards. |. Corrosion of metals and alloys ~ Vo- 180 9224:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Guiding values for the corrosivity categories. 1S0 9225:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of pol ution, 180 9228:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres ~ Determination of cor- resion rate of standard specimens for the evaluation ‘of corrosivity, 3) Definitions Forthe purposes of this Internatfonah'Standard, the otiowing definitions apply. 3.4. corrosivity” of the atmosphere: The abilily of the atmosphere to cause corrosion in a given cor- rosion syste! Imospheric corrosion of a givon ‘metal or alloy). 2.2 the of wetness: The period during which a metallic surface is covered by adsorptive and/or liquid flims of electrolyte that are capable of causing almospheric corrosion, 3.2.1 calculated time of wetness: The time of wetness estimated from the temperature-humidity complex (see 5.2). 3.2.2 experimental time of wetness: The time of weiness indicated directly by various measuring systems (see 53).w.docin.com/q 32.3. pollution category: A numbered rank based on quantitative measurements of specific chemically active substances, corrosive gases or suspended particles in the air (both natural and the result of human activity) that are different from the normal ‘components of the alr. 3.4. type of atmosphere; Characterization of the at- mosphere on the basis of appropriate classification criteria other than corrosivity (Industrial, marine, etc.) or of complementary operational factors (chemical, etc.). 3,5. tomperature-humidity complex: The combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on the corrosivity of the almosphere. 3.6 category of location: Conventionally defined typical exposure conditions of a component or structure, e.g. in the open air, under shelter, in a closed space ete. 4 Symbols and abbreviations + Timo of wotness P Pollution with sulfur compounds based on sulfur dioxide (SO,) levels 8 Pollution category based on airborne salinity ‘contamination Atmospheric corrosivity category 0 Air temperature tva_ Hours per year Toor Corrosion rate for the first year of almospheric exposure Ta Average corrosion rate for the first 10 years of atmospheric exposure in Steady state corrosion term atmospheric exposure derived from tong 5 Characterization of the atmosphere in relation to its corrosivity 5.1. For the purposes of this international Standard, ‘the Key corrosion factors of the atmosphere for ‘metals and alloys are time of wetness, and sulfur dloxide (80,) and chloride pollution levels. 5.2 Tho wotting of surfaces Is caused by many faciors, for example, dew, rainfall, melting snow and @ high humidity level. The length of time when the relative humidity is greater than 60% at a tem- erature (0) greater than 0 °C Is used to estimate calculated lime of wetness (+) of corroding sur- faces (see note 1), 5.3 Tho oxperimontal time of welnoss can be de- termined directly by various measuring systems note 2), 5.4 The most important factor within a particular category of time of wetness Is the poltution level caused by sulphur dioxide or airborne salinity 5.5 The pollution level shall be measured in ac- cordance with the specifications of 1S 9225. 5.6 Other kinds of pollution can also exert an effect, [oxides of nitrogen, (NO,) and industrial dust in populated and Industrial zones} oF the specific op- rational and technological pollution of microcli- mates [chloride, (Cl,), hygrogen sulfide, (H,8). ‘organic acids and de-iceing agents). These types of pollution have not been used as classification cri- teria. ‘According to this International Standard, the other kinds of poliution should be considered as ac- companying ones [for example: oxides of nitrogen (NO,) in urban atmospheres] or specific operational ‘ones (for example: vapours of acids In operational microctimates), NoTes 1. The time of wotness calculated by this method does thot necessarily corrospond with the actual time of [posure to welness, because wetness is influenced by: type of matal, the thape, mass and orientation of the ob- Jeet, the quantity of corrosion, , the nature of curate for the characterization of almospheres. The rel- ‘evance of the timo of woiness decreacos with the degree of sheltering. 2. The Indicated time may depend upon the type of in Strument and tha sensor used, The times of wetness cated by various systems are rot directly comparable and are convertible only within a limited extent of tempera- ture-humidity characteristics, € Classification of time of wetness 6.1 The time of wetness (according to 52 and 5.3) depends upon the macroclimatic zone and the cat- egory of the location, 6.2 The classification of time of wetness for at- mospheres is given in table 1. The classified values are based on the long term characteristics of macrociimatic zones for typical conditions of the fo- cation categories.63. The calculated times of wetness and selected 6.4 For limes of wetness x), almost no conden- climatological characteristics of the mat zones of the Earth are shown in annex B sation is expected. For z,, the probability of liquid forming on the metallic surface is low. Times x, to guidelines, ‘include periods of condensation and precipitation, Table 1 — Classification of time of wotnoss Time of wetness Category, Example of occurrence Wa % % 1610 +601 | Internal microclimates with climatic contrat Internal microcfimatos without climatic control except for « ES 9.1-<*53- | internal non-air-conditioned spaces in damp elimales ‘Outdoor atmospheres in dry, cold climates and part of temper- ” 20<1<2500 | 3<+5.90 | Sectimaten propery ventNoled sheds n tomperatechmates Outdoor atmospheres in all climates (oxcopt for the dry and cold wu | 2500<<5800 | so Aynsos0® oi 36 red youuu ka Be pesotre 61 ANAIEOLz09 — BLON ‘ream es (5 ‘rome 95 (r ‘Yeinsocis ayvoudsoune wwie-5i0} WO panu9p aes Uo‘soH100 OWE ADERIS) HEZE OS! 995 (E ‘some ooe (z ‘vemmeas (+ ‘Table A.1 — Derivation of corrosivity of almospheras for carbon steo! 5 5 s|* ord oo ‘ ose > tu >oe + 7 s|* s| ser bls oop tase % 6 >%s>0r +e ® se>%e>or or>te>ae s| ree | yi e u5% =] & Balk $8 a] a) ¢ Kl 2 ALA ALA ue aS 3| 8 & tees | vopeanenveg sls] sls Fors fa queued easrout [(e,2) 50] oes wopraden coven hoa auosine — 7 | mstioor | worissrom| 52 | ‘om >eeisor | 33 seine [es oorsmesoe | £5 sons sendue sour: o> ur on 2 aeraonun vw geuepemiqe | cue ui eore 5 re : Tamu re | fence sean ue u eer ‘a arsmeare | “oy sooo ‘seer) sen) Antes = cosz 32> 05 | aed s>01 feasiog [e/s) 3, 0< 9 "% 08 < He SsoUR sino Wy Dessextrs jSsounaN Jo SUNL es wopoue9\Yoinsodee aveuczoune wi BU Ud} penton ees uowsouno> eis ADeDis) PEE OS! 88S (C ‘Table A.2 — Derivation of corrosivity of atmospheres for zinc 1>s> ° ‘sem aos @ “sor 905 (1 “ae ses — (1 540 Deetsw | sues sc) 90 AroBones Manisa au Oued penuounu out Fe paeeeiera | hiie0.005 — 3108 s wie WE > "eos E>" >O rhe * oss te > "a>or : i Ole ‘é w>a>t Bei % no * z a x $ (e,4)/60 usa we wooden | fso6ie9 | wopeausoueg (£08) enrol ss Aa tonnged rane > >e 09> y> 08 $2 Se: |. Sear 33 zovu>so | ‘ioim>s £3 go> "4>sc0 >"> 70 z> o> Loa s 42 lant 8 ev tomes) £20) | sepa foi (en. 2. 0< 0% 06 < Hu enum sou ul paceanden yasmina o oma sve vow‘Table A.3 — Derivation of corrosivity of atmospheres for copper “zone oes (5 ‘connces ir “(ansodie aveudsoune wiorfvo1 wou ponte oe vorcii® ss Aoews) 9725.05! 905. (C “sommeos (z “tome 995 (1 -goran wer — (1 9 ye Dems) | suse 20) epee Auobane> Aanjeauo9 el jo ed eouoUNU Ouse DeEEaxGKD 1 AN/604200— 310N * y| z sis s s|s| ser|r)o = wie z ai) ' wor > "4 > 09 % ost > "> 08 € ® + + z S| s| sor) s) +) roel e+] e ele] cme }wye b > e>se % > a> or © ¢ | rr | ¥ z seo sro ‘é orsu>e s|e}ene{el+] © jxle] ¢ jelo] « Jels] ¢ £ ‘ > Se ae ele oe eo] © BR) a) a1 8) 8) at &) 8) Bl sl a) 8] Bl x A) GP Ole] a) do) Ge) al a) &) o] a) ol o A BS al 4] $ aj as ni 4% 4] gia] | 813] 8] | 4) 8) | Sig] 8 [sles |stelsles| sieslolis| siecle isle [(e,1)/0u] ves vonrodap eppons on RiRaeS weg TY =. ‘sein aueo vr soau Booman spmure $2 “eaewi ESoust +3 snc vi semu Serio 3 spews | speue paomuonun | sremcumn ssw yo>7% 2100 23 payerauanun “saIewID uw speus paieyusan | duzep Uy Gere wos 12 ‘ound semup | siesecum ‘Sup peo | Yeauco anew ‘paves usp u sxeoro | uiscopno | ‘Apursccpno | "ou‘sxonu | onewin ‘seco ‘ust ‘Ca ssep) (i ssep) (Gs seep) ssee) (2 ssep) cloves Apesis) ies ooss<: | os>e>mez | oeess>oc | om>z>a o>: a Ee (en) 3.0< 0% 08 < Hu s10um Surou u possoxdes ySsau ye Su, ores wopause9‘Table A.4 — Derivation of corrosivity of atmospheres for aluminium 1b ° ” * *Annex B (informative) Calculated time of wetness and selected climatological characteristics of the macroclimatic zones of the Earth Mean value of the annual extreme values!) Calculated time of wetness ‘Type of open-air ver Jovem Category the of coat temperature RH > 80% and >0 °C) ed < ha Sxromely cots |= +32 cold =o | +2 Cold temperate =a +34 +33 ‘Warm temperate =| ss 425 eminent "s Wlarr dry = +40 +27 —_ Mild warm dey 8 +40 427 10 to 1000 are Extremely warm dry | +3 +55 428 Warm damp +8 +40 +31 ‘Warm damp, equable | + 13 +35 +33 Se Are ah 1) See 1EC 721-2-:1982, Classification of environmental conditions — Pert 2: Environmental conditions appearing In nature ~ Temperature and humidity.G qwehangift A$ t-cocin. com TM http://wwer.docin.com/qwzhangl UDC 620.193.2:669 Descriptors: motais, aioys, atmospheres, corrosion, atospheric corrosion, water, sulphur donde, salty, clasifcaton Price based on 13 pages @ qwehangi ti SASH -tocin.comS TA http: //veww.docin.com/ qwzhang1WR i BEE BORE DAB PS www.docin.com/qwzhang/i¢47 422 (Ei ta BER a BY BOER. WRIA SE ASOR EE. PaaS. HUGE _ AZUL BS BURR PINAR TT Ke