Power Supply

Lecture Outline:
Introduction.
Concept of Voltage Regulation.
A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply.
Basic Linear Voltage Regulator.
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 1 / 28

Table of Contents
Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators.

Introduction.

Introduction.

Introduction.
Around 95% of the electronic equipments are powered from low voltage DC supplies.

Introduction.
The source will be either a battery or a power supply converting AC mains into one or
4 / 28
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

Introduction.
The source will be either a battery or a power supply converting AC mains into one or

Introduction.
The AC voltage, typically 220 V RMS, is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac

Introduction.
voltage down to the level for the desired dc output.

Introduction.
5 / 28

Introduction.
A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage, which is 5initially

/ 28
filtered by a
basic capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage.

Introduction.
A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage, which is initially filtered by a
basic capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage.

Introduction.
It provides a constant dc voltage despite

changes to the input voltage or load conditions.

Introduction.
The output voltage of a real power supply

changes under load or line (input) change.

Table of Contents
Introduction.


Concept of Voltage Regulation:
It is the percentage change in the output

voltage for a given change in the input voltage.
/
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 10/ 28
When the ac input voltage of a certain power supply changes, the input to the voltage
.
/
The line regulation as a percentage change per volt is:
/ . /
. /

It is the percentage change in output voltage

for a given change in load current.
percentage change in output voltage from

. . Express the voltage regulation as a percentage change from no-load
The load regulation as a percentage change from no-load to full-load is:

− − .
.
.

Table of Contents

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:
Introduction.


The zener diode can be used as a type of voltage regulator for providing

stable reference voltages.

The zener diode can be used as a type of voltage regulator for providing

stable reference voltages.

As the input voltage varies (within limits), the zener diode maintains a nearly
constant output voltage across its terminals.


14 / 28

The zener diode can be used as a type of

voltage regulator for providing stable
reference voltages.

As the input voltage varies (within limits),

the zener diode maintains a nearly

constant output voltage across its
terminals.
However, as VIN changes, IZ will change
proportionally so that the limitations on
the input voltage variation are set by the
minimum and maximum current values
(IZK and IZM) with which the zener can
operate.



Table of Contents

Introduction.

Basic Linear Voltage Regulator:
Regulated Power Supplies
Linear Power Supplies Switched Power Supplies
Series Linear Regulators Shunt Linear Regulators

The control element is a pass transistor in

series with the load between the input
and output.

Simple series voltage regulator


and output.
The output sample circuit senses a
change in the output voltage.

Simple series voltage regulator
19 / 28


and output.
The output sample circuit senses a
change in the output voltage.
The error detector compares the sample
voltage with a reference voltage and

causes the control element to compensate in order to maintain a constant output

Simple series voltage regulator voltage.

The resistive voltage divider senses any
This amplified difference voltage is applied

to the transistor
Basic op-amp series regulator

Table of Contents
Introduction.

Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators:
Integrated circuit voltage regulators are available as
The IC regulator contains the reference voltage, the
IC Regulators
Fixed Voltage Variable Voltage
Positive Output Negative Output

(78xx) (79xx)
Positive Output Negative Output

(LM317) (LM337)

The last two digits in the part number designate
regulator.

The last two digits in the part number designate
regulator.

The external fixed resistor
The output can be varied from
We can neglect
µ

The external fixed resistor
The output can be varied from
We can neglect
µ


Example of a typical 12 V power supply:
Select one of the IC regulator and simulate it individually using Proteus. Send it by Sunday
19 Feb. 2017.

Each team (one to four members) should deliver a variable (+ve or -ve) power supply by
Sunday 26 Feb. 2017.
End of Lecture
Best Wishes


Power Supply

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Lecture Outline:

Concept of Voltage Regulation.

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply.

Basic Linear Voltage Regulator.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 1 / 28

Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators.

Concept of Voltage Regulation.

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply.

Basic Linear Voltage Regulator.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 2 / 28

Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 3 / 28

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 4 / 28

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

voltage down to the level for the desired dc output.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage, which is 5initially

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 5 / 28

It provides a constant dc voltage despite

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 6 / 28

The output voltage of a real power supply

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 7 / 28

Concept of Voltage Regulation.

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply.

Basic Linear Voltage Regulator.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 8 / 28

Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 9 / 28

Concept of Voltage Regulation:

It is the percentage change in the output

Concept of Voltage Regulation:

The line regulation as a percentage change per volt is:

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 11/ 28

Concept of Voltage Regulation:

It is the percentage change in output voltage

percentage change in output voltage from

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 12/ 28

Concept of Voltage Regulation:

. . Express the voltage regulation as a percentage change from no-load

The load regulation as a percentage change from no-load to full-load is:

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 13/ 28

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 14/ 28

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:

Concept of Voltage Regulation.

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply.

Basic Linear Voltage Regulator.

Integrated Circuit Voltage Regulators.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 16/ 28

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:

stable reference voltages.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1) 18/ 28

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply:

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny ECE121: Electronics (1)

A Zener-Regulated DC Power Supply: