1

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑓2 = 𝑥 → 𝑓1 = 1 − 𝑥
2
𝑥 = 0 · (1 − 𝑥) + 1 · 𝑥 = 𝑥; 𝑥 = 02 · (1 − 𝑥) + 12 · 𝑥 = 𝑥
2
𝑉(𝑋) = 𝑥 − (𝑥)2 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 → 𝑉 ′ (𝑥) = 1 − 2𝑥 → 𝑉 ′′ (𝑥) = −2

1 1 1 1
𝑉 ′ (𝑥) = 0 → 1 − 2𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = ; 𝑉 ′′ ( ) = −2 < 0 → 𝑉𝑚á𝑥 = 𝑉 ( ) =
2 2 2 4

1 1
𝑌 𝑠𝑜𝑛: 𝑓1 = , 𝑓2 =
2 2

𝑈𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑵(𝟏𝟓, 𝟖) 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑠. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒
2
𝑖𝑟á 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑖ó𝑛, 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑟á 𝑎𝑙 𝟒𝟎% 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎.
¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟á 𝑒𝑙 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑟á 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑖ó𝑛?

𝑋 − 15
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(15,8) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
8

𝑝(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 0.40 → 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.40 →

⏟ 𝑝(𝑍 < −𝑧) = 0.60 →
⏟ − 𝑧 = 0.25 → 𝑧
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟í𝑎 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎
= −0.25

𝑋 − 15
−0.25 = → 𝑋 = 15 − 8 · 0.25 = 13 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑠
8

𝑋 − 65
𝑉 = 225 → 𝜎 = 15; 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(65,15) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
15

𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠: 𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 0.05 → 𝑝(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 0.05 → 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.95 → 𝑧 = 1.645

𝑥 − 65
1.645 = → 𝑀á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 ≈ 90 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
15
𝐵𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑠: 𝑝(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 0.25 → 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.25 → 𝑝(𝑍 < −𝑧) = 0.75 → −𝑧 = 0.675 → 𝑧
= −0.675

𝑥 − 65
−0.675 = → 𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 ≈ 55 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
15

𝟐𝒂(𝒙 + 𝟏), 𝑠𝑖 𝒙 ∈ [𝟎, 𝒂]

𝑆𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝒇(𝒙) = {
4 𝟎, 𝑠𝑖 𝒙 ∉ [𝟎, 𝒂]
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.
+∞ 𝑎 𝑎
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1 → ∫ 2𝑎(𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 1 → 2𝑎 ∫ (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 1 →
−∞ 0 0
𝑎
𝑥2 𝑎2
2𝑎 [ + 𝑥] = 1 → 2𝑎 ( + 𝑎) − 2𝑎 · 0 = 1 → 𝑎3 + 2𝑎2 − 1 = 0 →
2 0
2

𝑎 = −1 < 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑓(𝑥) > 0)

−1 − √5
𝑎= < 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒)
(𝑎 + 1)(𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 1) = 0 → 2
−1 + √5
𝑎=
{ 2

5 𝑆𝑖 𝒓𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝒃 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝒔𝟐𝒚−𝒃𝒙 = 𝟎

𝑟 2 = 1 → 𝑠𝑥𝑦
2
= 𝑠𝑥2 · 𝑠𝑦2 → 𝑠𝑥𝑦
2
− 𝑠𝑥2 · 𝑠𝑦2 = 0
2
𝑠𝑦−𝑏𝑥 = 0 → 𝐸(𝑌 − 𝑏𝑋)2 − [𝐸(𝑌 − 𝑏𝑋)]2 = 0 →

𝐸(𝑌 2 ) + 𝑏 2 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − 2𝑏𝐸(𝑋𝑌) − [𝐸(𝑌) − 𝑏𝐸(𝑋)]2 =

2
𝐸(𝑌 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑌)]2 + b2 [𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − (𝐸(𝑋)) ] − 2𝑏[𝐸(𝑋𝑌) − 𝐸(𝑋)𝐸(𝑌)] =

2 − 4𝑠 2 𝑠 2
2𝑠𝑥𝑦 ± √4𝑠𝑥𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑥𝑦
𝑠𝑦2 + 𝑏 2 𝑠𝑥2 − 2𝑏𝑠𝑥𝑦 = 0 → 𝑏 = =
2𝑠𝑥2 𝑠𝑥2

6
6
𝑋 ≡ 𝐵(6,0.07); 𝑝(𝑋 = 2) = ( ) ∗ 0.072 ∗ 0.934 = 15 ∗ 0.072 ∗ 0.934 = 0.0549
2
 𝐿𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝑑í𝑎𝑠 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝟏𝟔 𝑑í𝑎𝑠. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟:
7 𝑎) 𝐿𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟐𝟒𝟐 𝑑í𝑎𝑠.
𝑏) 𝐸𝑙 𝟐𝟎% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑í𝑎𝑠?
𝑐) 𝐸𝑙 𝟓𝟎 % 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑í𝑎𝑠?

𝑋 − 266
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(266,16) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
16
242 − 266
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 > 242) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > −1.5) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 1.5) = 0.9332
16
𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.20 → 𝑝(𝑍 < −𝑧) = 0.80 →
⏟ − 𝑧 = 0.84 → 𝑧 = −0.84 →
𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎

𝑥 − 266
−0.84 = → 𝑥 ≈ 253 𝑑í𝑎𝑠
16
𝑐) 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒: 𝑥 = 𝜇 = 266 𝑑í𝑎𝑠

𝑋 = 𝐵(100, 0.4) → 𝜇 = 40 𝑦 𝜎 = √40 · 0.6 = 4.9

𝑌 − 40
𝑋 ≈ 𝑌 ≡ 𝑁(40, 4.9) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
4.9
30.5 − 40
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 > 30) = 𝑝(𝑌 > 30.5) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > −1.94) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 1.94)
4.9
= 0.9738
50.5 − 40
𝑏) (𝑋 ≤ 50) = 𝑝(𝑌 < 50.5) = 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 2.14) = 0.9834
4.9
30.5 − 40 49.5 − 40
𝑐) 𝑝(30 < 𝑋 < 50) = 𝑝(30.5 < 𝑌 < 49.5) = 𝑝 ( <𝑍< )
4.9 4.9
= 𝑝(−1.94 < 𝑍 < 1.94) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 1.94) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 1.94)] = 2 · 0.9738 − 1 =

= 0.9476
 𝑈𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜. 𝐷𝑒
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠, 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠
9 𝑑𝑒 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐾𝑔. 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟏𝟎 𝐾𝑔. 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎
𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝐾𝑔. 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎
𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜. 𝑁𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓.

𝐻𝑜 : 𝜇 ≥ 𝜇0 = 200
𝐷𝐴𝑇𝑂𝑆: { 𝜎 = 10, 𝑛 = 100 , 𝛼 = 0.05 𝑦 𝑥 = 195
𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 200
1 − 𝛼 = 0.95 → ∅𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎 (𝑧𝛼 ) = 0.95 → 𝑧𝛼 = 1.645
𝜎 10
𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑍 = ]𝜇0 − 𝑧𝛼 , +∞[ = ]200 − 1.645 · , +∞[
√𝑛 √100
= ]198.355, +∞[
195 ∉ 𝑍 → 𝑆𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝ó𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎 .

𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙ú𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝟑𝟓𝟓. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒. 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
10
𝑎) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝟗𝟎?
𝑏) ¿ 𝑄𝑢é 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟í𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡?

𝑋 − 245
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(245,355) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
355
𝑥 − 245
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 < 𝑥) = 0.90 → 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.90 →
⏟ 𝑧 = 1.28 → 1.28 = → 𝑥 ≈ 700
𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎
355

255 − 245
𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 < 255) = 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.03) = 0.512 →≈ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 51
355

𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑓𝑎𝑠. 𝐷𝑒 𝑢𝑛

𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑎ñ𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝟔𝟓 % 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑓𝑎𝑠.
11 𝑎) ¿ 𝑄𝑢é 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑎ñ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜
𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝟓 % 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝟓 %?
𝑏)𝑆𝑖 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎, ¿ 𝑞𝑢é 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑎ñ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑟?

𝛼 𝛼
𝑎) 𝑝𝑟 = 0.65 → 𝑞𝑟 = 0.35, 𝐸 = 0.05 𝑦 𝛼 = 0.05 → = 0.025 → 1 − = 0.975
2 2
→ 𝑧𝛼/2 = 1.96 →
𝑝𝑟 · 𝑞𝑟 0.65 ∗ 0.35 1.962 ∗ 0.65 ∗ 0.35
𝐸 = 𝑧𝛼/2 √ → 0.05 = 1.96√ → 𝑛2 = → 𝑛 = 349.5856
𝑛 𝑛 0.052
→ 𝑛 = 349.5856 → 𝐸(349.5856) + 1 = 350

𝑏) 𝑝𝑟 = 0.5 𝑦 𝑞𝑟 = 0.5 →
0.5 ∗ 0.5
0.05 = 1.96√ → 𝑛 = 384.16 → 𝐸(384.16) + 1 = 385
𝑛
12
𝑋 = 𝑁º 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒. 𝑋 ≡ 𝐵(6,0.05)
6
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 ≥ 1) =
⏟ 1 − 𝑝(𝑋 = 0) = ( ) ∗ 0.050 ∗ 0.956 = 0.956 ≈ 0.7351
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑜
0
𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜

𝑏) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 → (0.95)5 ∗ 0.05 = 0.03869

13

𝑋 − 80
𝑎) 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(80,25) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
25
𝑝(70 < 𝑋 < 100) = 𝑝(−0.4 < 𝑍 < 0.8) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.8) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.4)]
= 0.7881 − (1 − 0.6554) = 0.4435
𝑌 = 𝐵(6,0.4435) → 𝑞 = 1 − 0.4435 = 0.5565

𝑝(𝑌 ≥ 2 ) = 1 − [𝑝(𝑌 = 0) + 𝑝(𝑌 = 1)] = 1 − 0.55656 − 6 ∗ 0.55655 ∗ 0.4435 ≈ 0.8283

𝑋1 − 𝑋2
𝑏) 𝑋1 − 𝑋2 ≡ 𝑁 (80 − 80, √252 + 252 ) = 𝑁(0,25√2) → 𝑍 =
25√2
3 3
𝑝(|𝑋1 − 𝑋2 | < 15) = 𝑝(−15 < 𝑋1 − 𝑋2 < 15) = 𝑝 (− <𝑍< )=
5√2 5√2
= (−0.424264 < 𝑍 < 0.424264) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.424264) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.424264)] =

= 2 ∗ 0.6628 − 1 = 0.3256

14

𝑋 ≡ 𝐵 (150
⏟ , 0.4
⏟ ) → 𝜇 = 𝑛𝑝 = 60 , 𝜎 = √𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝) = √36 = 6
𝑛 𝑝
 𝑦 − 60
𝑋 ≈ 𝑌 ≡ 𝑁(60,6) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝐵(0,1)
6
80.5 − 60
𝑝(𝑋 ≤ 80) ≈
⏟ 𝑝(𝑌 < 80.5) = 𝑝 (𝑧 < ) = 𝑝(𝑧 < 3.42) = 0.9997
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
6
𝑑𝑒 𝑌𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠

15

𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟏. 𝟕𝟎 𝒎 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝒕í𝒑𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝟑 𝒄𝒎. 𝑆𝑖 𝑿 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜
16
𝑨 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎 𝑦 𝟏. 𝟕𝟎 𝒎,
𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝒑(𝑨) = 𝒑(−𝟏 < 𝑿 < 𝟎).

𝑌 − 1.70
𝑌 ≡ 𝑁(1.70, 0.03) → 𝑋 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
0.03
𝐴 ≡ (1.67 < 𝑌 < 1.70) → 𝑝(𝐴) = 𝑝(1.67 < 𝑌 < 1.70) =
 1.67 − 1.70 1.70 − 1.70
𝑝( <𝑋< ) → 𝑝(𝐴) = 𝑝(−1 < 𝑋 < 0)
0.03 0.03

𝐸𝑠 𝑿𝜷,𝜶 ≡ 𝑵(𝜷, 𝜶𝟐 ) 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝜷 𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝜶𝟐 . 𝑀𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒

17
𝑭(𝜷, 𝜶) = 𝒑(𝜷 − 𝟐𝜶 ≤ 𝑿𝜷,𝜶 ≤ 𝜷 + 𝟐𝜶) 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝜷 𝑛𝑖 𝑑𝑒 𝜶.

𝑋𝛽,𝛼 − 𝛽
𝑋𝛽,𝛼 ≡ 𝑁(𝛽, 𝛼 2 ) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
𝛼
𝛽 − 2𝛼 − 𝛽 𝛽 + 2𝛼 − 𝛽
𝑝(𝛽 − 2𝛼 ≤ 𝑋𝛽,𝛼 ≤ 𝛽 + 2𝛼) = 𝑝 ( ≤𝑍≤ ) = 𝑝(−2 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 2) =
𝛼 𝛼
= 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 2) − 𝑝(𝑧 < −2) = 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 2) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 2)] = 2 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 2) − 1 = 2 ∗ 0.9772 − 1
= 0.9544

18 𝑆𝑖 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑧 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑚á𝑠 𝟔?

1 10 1
𝑟
5 10−𝑟
𝑋 ≡ nº de seises = 𝐵 (10, ) → 𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑟) = ( ) ( ) ( )
6 𝑟 6 6
𝑝(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑋 ≤ 1) = 1 − [𝑝(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑝(𝑋 = 1)] =

510 1 59 510 510 510

1 − [ 10 + 10 · · 9 ] = 1 − [ 10 + 2 10 ] = 1 − 3 · 10 ≈ 0.8062
6 6 6 6 6 6

𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠

𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜. 𝑌 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠.
19 𝑎) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎.
𝑏) 𝑆𝑖 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝒏 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝒏 − 𝟑 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠?

1 → 𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧: 𝐶, 𝑋; 2 → 2 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝐶𝐶, 𝐶𝑋, 𝑋𝐶, 𝑋𝑋; 3 → 3 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝐶𝐶𝐶, 𝐶𝐶𝑋, … , 𝑋𝑋𝑋
… 6 → 6 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶, … , 𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋𝑋
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑇 ≡ 𝑁𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 → 𝑝(𝑇) = ∗ + ∗ +⋯+ ∗ = [ + + + + + ]
6 2 6 4 6 64 6 2 4 8 16 32 64
1 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 63 21
= ∗ = =
6 64 6 ∗ 64 128
21
𝑏) 𝑋 = 𝑁º 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎 → 𝑋 ≡ 𝐵 (𝑛, )
128

𝑛 21 𝑛−3 107 3
𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑛 − 3) = ( )( ) ∗( ) =
𝑛 − 3 128 128

𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) 21 𝑛 128 3 107 3 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) 21 𝑛 107 3

∗( ) ∗( ) ∗( ) = ∗( ) ∗( )
6 128 21 128 6 128 21
 𝑆𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙.
𝑆𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟖𝟎 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝟏𝟔.
20 𝑎) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝟕𝟓.
𝑏) ¿ 𝑄𝑢é 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝟗𝟎 𝒚 𝟏𝟎𝟎?
𝑐) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝟏𝟐𝟎?

𝑋 − 80
𝑛 = 1000 𝑦 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(80,16) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
16
75 − 80
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 < 75) = 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 𝑝(𝑍 < −0.3125)
16
= 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.3125) = ⏟ 1 − 0.6227 = 0.3773
𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎

90 − 80 100 − 80
𝑏) 𝑝(90 < 𝑋 < 100) = 𝑝 ( <𝑍< ) = 𝑝(0.625 < 𝑍 < 1.25) =
16 16
𝑝(𝑍 < 1.25) − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.625) =
⏟ 0.1603 ≈ 16 %
𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎

120 − 80
𝑐) 𝑝(𝑋 > 120) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > 2.5) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 2.5) = 0.0062 →
16
1000 · 0.0062 ≈ 6 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

21
𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
1 −𝑥
𝑝(𝑋 < 𝑛) = 0.95 → ∫ 𝑒 30 𝑑𝑥 = 0.95 → [−𝑒 −30 ] = 0.95 →
0 30 0

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
−𝑒 −30 + 1 = 0.95 → 𝑒 −30 = 0.05 → − = ln 0.05 → 𝑛 ≈ 89.72 …
30
90 𝑑í𝑎𝑠
𝑥 13
13 1 − 𝑥
𝑝(10 < 𝑋 < 13) ∫10 30 𝑒 30 𝑑𝑥 [−𝑒 −30 ]
10
𝑝(𝑋 < 13|𝑋 > 10) = = = =
𝑝(𝑋 > 10) +∞ 1 − 𝑥 −
𝑥 +∞
∫10 30 𝑒 30 𝑑𝑥 [−𝑒 30 ]
10
 13 10
−𝑒 −30 + 𝑒 −30
= 10 ≈ 0.095
−
−0 + 𝑒 30

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑿 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑠 12.00 ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑í𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜.

22 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑿 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟐𝟕 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝜎 = 3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠.
𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝒑(𝟐𝟐 < 𝑿 < 𝟑𝟐)

𝜇 = 27 𝑦 𝜎 = 3
𝑝(22 < 𝑋 < 32) = 𝑝(27 − 5 < 𝑋 < 27 + 5) = 𝑝(|𝑋 − 27| < 5) = 1 − 𝑝(|𝑋 − 27| ≥ 5) =

5 1 9 16
1 − 𝑝 (|𝑋 − 27| ≥ · 3) →
⏟ ≥ 1− 2 =1− =
3 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑎𝑑 5 25 25
(3)
𝑑𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑏𝑦𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑣

𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟎 𝑎𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝟑𝟖𝟐 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠
𝟓𝟑𝟎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑗𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑗𝑎𝑛. 𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒
23 𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟔, 𝟓𝟖 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟐, 𝟑𝟐.
𝑎) ¿ 𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢é 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎?
𝑏) ¿ 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢é 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎?
𝑋 − 6.58
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(6.58, 2.32) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
2.32
382 𝑥 − 6.58
𝑎) ≈ 0.0845; 𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 0.0845 → 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 0.0845 →
4520 2.32
𝑥 − 6.58 𝑥 − 6.58
𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 1 − 0.0845 → 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 0.9155 → ⏟
2.32 2.32 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑠
𝑥 − 6.58
= 1.375 → 𝑥 = 9.77 → 𝐴 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 9.77 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
2.32
382 + 530 𝑦 − 6.58
𝑏) ≈ 0.2018; 𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑦) = 0.2018 → 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 0.2018 →
4520 2.32
𝑦 − 6.58 𝑦 − 6.58
𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 0.7982 → = 0.835 → 𝑦 = 6.58 →
2.32 2.32
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 6.58 𝑦 9.77 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑆𝑒 ℎ𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑦 𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 30 𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝟏𝟒𝟒. 𝑆𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
24 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝟒𝟐. 𝑆𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒:
𝑎) ¿ 𝑄𝑢é 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟á 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝟐𝟎 𝑦 𝟑𝟓?
𝑏) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠?

𝑋 − 30
𝑉 = 144 → 𝜎 = √144 = 12 → 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(30,12) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
12
 20 − 30 35 − 30
𝑎) 𝑝(20 < 𝑋 < 35) = 𝑝 ( <𝑍< ) = 𝑝(−0.83 < 𝑍 < 0.42) =
12 12
𝑝(𝑍 < 0.42) − 𝑝(𝑍 < −0.83) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.42) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.83)] =
0.6628 − (1 − 0.7967) = 0.4595 ≈ 46 %
42 − 30
𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 > 42) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > 1) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 1) = 1 − 0.8413 = 0.1587; 𝑛
12
= 500 ∗ 0.1587 = 79.35 → 79 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠

25
𝑝(𝐴) = 0.4 𝑦 𝑝(𝐵) = 0.6
𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑇 ≡ 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒: 𝐷𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 0.9 𝑦 1.1
0.9 − 1 1.1 − 1
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(1,0.4) → 𝑝(𝑇|𝐴) = 𝑝(0.9 < 𝑋 < 1.1) = 𝑝 ( <𝑍< )=
0.4 0.4
𝑝(−0.25 < 𝑍 < 0.25) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.25) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.25)] = 2 ∗ 0.5987 − 1 = 0.1974
0.9 − 1.1 1.1 − 1.1
𝑌 = 𝑁(1.1, 0.4) → 𝑝(𝑇|𝐵) = 𝑝(0.9 < 𝑌 < 1.1) = 𝑃 ( <𝑍< )=
0.4 0.4
𝑝(−0.5 < 𝑍 < 0) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.5)] = 0.5 − 1 + 0.6915 = 0.1915
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙: 𝑝(𝑇) = 𝑝(𝐴 ∩ 𝑇) + 𝑝(𝐵 ∩ 𝑇) = 𝑝(𝐴) · 𝑝(𝑇|𝐴) + 𝑝(𝐵) · 𝑝(𝑇|𝐵) =

= 0.4 ∗ 0.1974 + 0.6 ∗ 0.1915 = 0.19386

1 − 0.9 1.1 − 1
𝑌 ≡ 𝑁(1, 𝜎); 𝑝(0.9 < 𝑌 < 1.1) ≥ 0.90 → 𝑝 ( <𝑍< ) ≥ 0.90 →
𝜎 𝜎
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
𝑝 (− <𝑍< ) ≥ 0.90 → 2𝑝 (𝑍 < ) − 1 ≥ 0.90 → 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) ≥ 0.95 →⏟
𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑠

0.1 0.1
≥ 1.645 → 𝜎 ≤ → 𝜎 ≤ 0.06
𝜎 1.645

𝐿𝑎 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙 ℎ𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜

𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒
26
𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒔. ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒔?

1 1 −5
𝐸(𝑋) = 25000 → = = 4 ∗ 10−5 → 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 ∗ 10−5 𝑒 −4∗10 𝑥 , 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝜆 25000
 20000
−5 𝑥
𝑝(𝑋 > 20000) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑋 < 20000) = 1 − ∫ 4 ∗ 10−5 𝑒 −4∗10 𝑑𝑥 =
0

−5 𝑥 20000
= 1 − [−𝑒 −4∗10 ]0 = 1 − [−𝑒 −0.8 − (−𝑒 0 )] = 1 + 𝑒 −0.8 − 1 ≈ 0.45

27

𝑆1 = 𝜋 · 12 = 𝜋; 𝑆2 = 𝜋 · 22 − 𝜋 · 12 = 3𝜋; 𝑆3 = 𝜋 · 32 − 𝜋 · 22 = 5𝜋; 𝑆4 = 𝜋 · 42 − 𝜋 · 32
1 3 5 7
= 7𝜋 → 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3 = 16𝜋 → 𝑝1 = , 𝑝2 = , 𝑝3 = 𝑦 𝑝5 =
16 16 16 16
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑋 = 𝐺𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎:
1 3 5 7
𝑝(𝑋 = 100) = , 𝑝(𝑋 = 50) = , 𝑝(𝑋 = 20) = 𝑦 𝑝(𝑋 = −20) =
16 16 16 16
1 3 5 7 350 − 140 210 105
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎: 𝐸(𝑋) = 100 · + 50 · + 20 · + (−20) · = = = $
16 16 16 16 16 16 8

𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠:

28
𝑪𝒐𝒗(𝒂 + 𝒃𝑿, 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒀) = 𝒃𝒅 · 𝒄𝒐𝒗(𝑿, 𝒀)

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋, 𝑌) = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 · 𝑦

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠:

𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑥

(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)(𝑐 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑𝑦 + 𝑏𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏𝑑𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑𝑦 + 𝑏𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏𝑑𝑥𝑦

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 · 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)(𝑐 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑑𝑦 + 𝑏𝑑(𝑥 · 𝑦)

𝐶𝑜𝑣(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋, 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑌) = (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)(𝑐 + 𝑑𝑦) − 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 · 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑦 =

𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑𝑦 + 𝑏𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏𝑑𝑥𝑦 − [𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐𝑥 + 𝑎𝑑𝑦 + 𝑏𝑑(𝑥 · 𝑦)] =

𝑏𝑑𝑥𝑦 − 𝑏𝑑(𝑥 · 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑑(𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 · 𝑦) = 𝑏𝑑 · 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋, 𝑌)

29
 𝑋 − 5.2
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(5.2, 1.6) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
1.6
5 − 5.2
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 > 5) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > −0.125) = 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.125) = 0.5497
1.6
0.5497 ∗ 680 ≈ 374 𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑠
7 − 5.2
𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 > 7) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > 1.125) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 1.125)
1.6
0.8686 + 0.8708
=1− = 0.1303
2
𝑐) 𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 0.025 → 𝑝(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥) = 1 − 0.025 = 0.975; 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 𝑧) = 0.975 = 1.96 →
𝑥 − 5.2
1.96 = → 𝑥 = 8.336
1.6

𝑆𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎.

30
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑚á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟔𝟎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑠.

𝑋 = 𝐵(100,0′ 5); 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑛 = 100 (𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠) 𝑦 𝑝 = 0′ 𝑞 = 0′5

𝜇(𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎) = 𝑛𝑝 = 50; 𝜎(𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎) = √𝑛𝑝𝑞 = √25 = 5

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑝 > 37 → 𝑋 ≈ 𝑌 = 𝑁(50,5) (𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙) (𝑇. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝐿í𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒)

𝑃(𝑋 > 60) = 𝑝(𝑋 ≥ 61) = 𝑝(𝑌 > 60′ 5) (𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑌𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠)
60′ 5 − 50 𝑌 − 50
𝑝(𝑌 > 60′ 5) = 𝑝 (𝑍 > ) , 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑍 = , 𝑍 = 𝑁(0,1) (𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎)
5 5

10′ 5
𝑝 (𝑍 > ) = 𝑝(𝑍 > 2′ 1) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 2′ 1) = 1 − 𝐹(2′ 1) (𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎)
5
= 1 − 0′ 9821 = 0′0179

𝑈𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒
𝟒𝟎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠. 𝑆𝑖 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟑𝟎 𝑏𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 780 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠:
31 𝑎) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝟗𝟔 % 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎.
𝑏) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑖 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛 𝟗𝟔% 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟á 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝟏𝟎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎?

𝑋 = 𝑁(𝜇, 40); 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑛 = 30, 𝑥 = 780, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 1 − 𝛼 = 0′ 96 𝑦 𝜎 = 40

𝜎
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑝(𝜇 ∈ ]𝑥 − 𝐸, 𝑥 + 𝐸[) = 0′ 96 , 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝐸 (𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒) = 𝑧α/2 ·
√𝑛
𝛼
𝑧α/2 𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝(𝑍 > 𝑧α/2 ) = , 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑍 = 𝑁(0,1)
2
 𝛼 𝛼
𝛼 = 0′ 04 → = 0′ 02 → 1 − = 0′ 98 → 𝐹(𝑧α/2 ) = 0′ 98 → 𝑧α/2 = 2′05 →
2 2
40
𝐸 = 2′ 05 · ≈ 15 → 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎: ]780 − 15,780 + 15[ = ]765,795[
√30
40
𝐸 = 10 → 2′ 05 · = 10 → √𝑛 = 8′ 2 → 𝑛 = 67′24 → 𝑛 ≥ 68
√𝑛

𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟒𝟓 𝑦

32
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝟐. ¿ 𝑄𝑢é 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑙 10% 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛?

𝑋 − 45
𝑋 = 𝑁(45,2) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
2

𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 0.10 → 𝑝(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 0.10 → 𝑝(𝑍 ≤ 𝑧) = 1 − 0.10 = 0.90 →

⏟
𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎

𝑥 − 45
∅(𝑧) = 0.90 → 𝑧 = 1.28 → 1.28 = → 𝑥 = 47.56
2

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝒇 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝒗. 𝒂. 𝒄. 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [𝟏, 𝟔] 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑠í:

𝟏
, 𝑠𝑖 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟒
𝟒
33 𝑓(𝒙) = 𝟑 𝟏
− 𝒙, 𝑠𝑖 𝟒 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔
𝟒 𝟖
{ 𝟎, 𝑠𝑖 𝒙 ∉ [𝟏, 𝟔]
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝒌 𝑦 𝒑(𝑿 > 𝟓)
+∞ 6 4 6
3 1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1 → ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ( − 𝑘𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 1 →
−∞ 1 1 4 4 2
6
3 1 9 1 1
4𝑘 − 𝑘 + [ 𝑥 − 𝑘𝑥 2 ] = 1 → 3𝑘 + ( − 9𝑘) − (3 − 4𝑘) = 1 → −2𝑘 = − → 𝑘 =
4 4 4 2 2 4
1
, 𝑠𝑖 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
4
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 1
− 𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 4 < 𝑥 ≤ 6
4 8
{ 0, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ∉ [1,6]
6 6
3 1 3 𝑥2 9 9 15 25 9 15 25
𝑝(𝑋 > 5) = ∫ ( − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑥 − ] = ( − ) − ( − ) = − + =
5 4 8 4 16 5 2 4 4 16 4 4 16

6 25 24 25 1
=− + =− + =
4 16 16 16 16
 𝑆𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠. 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑿 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒 𝒀 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜.
34 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑣. 𝑎. 𝑑. 𝑫 = |𝑿 − 𝒀|
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑬(𝑫), 𝑽(𝑫) 𝑦 𝒑(𝑫 > 𝟎).

𝛺 = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,1), … . , (6,6)} → 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑(𝛺) = 36

𝐷𝑖
1 2 0 3 4 5
𝐷𝑖2
1 4 0 9 16 25
10 8
𝑝𝑖 6 6 4 2
36
36 36 36 36 36
5
6 10 8 6 4 2 35
𝐸(𝐷) = ∑ 𝑘 · 𝑝𝑘 = 0 ∗ +1∗ +2∗ +3∗ +4∗ +5∗ =
36 36 36 36 36 36 18
𝑘=0
5
2)
6 10 8 6 4 2 35
𝐸(𝐷 = ∑ 𝑘 2 · 𝑝𝑘 = 0 ∗ +1∗ +4∗ +9∗ + 16 ∗ + 25 ∗ =
36 36 36 36 36 36 6
𝑘=0

35 35 2 665
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝐷) = 𝐸(𝐷 2 ) − [𝐸(𝐷)]2 = −( ) =
6 18 324

6 5
𝑝(𝐷 > 0) = 1 − 𝑝(𝐷 = 0) = 1 − =
36 6

𝐸𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑏ú𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔ú𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟏𝟓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝟓 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠.
35
𝑎) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟏𝟑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠.
𝑏) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝟑𝟑 % 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠?

𝑋 − 15
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(15,5) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
5
13 − 15
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 < 13) = 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) = 𝑝(𝑍 < −0.4) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 0.4) = 1 − 0.6654
5
= 0.3346

𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 > 𝑥) = 0.33 → 𝑝(𝑍 > 𝑧) = 0.33 → 𝑝(𝑍 < 𝑧) = 0.67 → 𝑧 = 0.44
𝑥 − 15
0.44 = → 𝑥 = 17.2 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 = 17 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 12 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑠
5
 𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑔í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜
𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈. 𝑆𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝟐𝟓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎
36
𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈. 𝑆𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑦
𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈, ¿ 𝑐𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠
𝟐𝟓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎?

500 𝑋 − 1000
𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(1000,500) →
⏟ 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁 (1000, ) = 𝑁(1000,100) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1);
𝑛=25 √25 100

27500
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜: = 1100
{ 25 →¿ 𝑝 = 𝑝(𝑋 < 1100|𝑋 > 800)?
20000
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜: = 800
25
𝑝(−2 < 𝑍 < 1) 𝑝(𝑍 < 1) − 𝑝(𝑍 < −2)
𝑝 = 𝑝(𝑍 < 1|𝑍 > −2) = = =
𝑝(𝑍 > −2) 𝑝(𝑍 < 2)
𝑝(𝑍 < 1) − [1 − 𝑝(𝑍 < 2)] 0.8413 − (1 − 0.9772)
= = 0.8376
𝑝(𝑍 < 2) 0.9772

37
𝜎𝑥𝑦
𝑟=1→ = 1 → 𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑥𝑦 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑌 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑋: 𝑦 − 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑥) → 𝑦 − 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑥) →
𝜎𝑥2 𝜎𝑥2
𝜎𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦) = 𝜎𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝜎𝑥𝑦 𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑋 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑌: 𝑥 − 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 𝑦) → 𝑥 − 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 𝑦) →
𝜎𝑦2 𝜎𝑦2

𝜎𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥) = 𝜎𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦)

𝐶𝑂𝐼𝑁𝐶𝐼𝐷𝐸𝑁

38
 𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 0 → 𝑟𝑦/𝑥 ≡ 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 𝑦 (𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙)

𝜎𝑥𝑦 = 0 → 𝑟𝑥/𝑦 ≡ 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 𝑥 (𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙) → 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛 90º

𝐸𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑵 (𝟐𝟎, 𝟔), 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑎ñ𝑜 64.

39 𝑎) ¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠?
𝑏)¿ 𝐶𝑢á𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡é 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝟏𝟗 𝑦 𝟐𝟏?

6
𝑎) 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(20,6) →
⏟ 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁 (20, ) = 𝑁(20, 0.75)
𝑛=64 √64

𝑋 − 20
𝑏) 𝑋 ≡ 𝑁(20, 0.75) → 𝑍 = ≡ 𝑁(0,1)
0.75
19 − 20 21 − 20 4 4
𝑝(19 < 𝑋 < 21) = 𝑝 ( <𝑍< ) = 𝑝 (− < 𝑍 < ) =
0.75 0.75 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
𝑝 (𝑍 < ) − 𝑝 (𝑍 < − ) = 𝑝 (𝑍 < ) − [1 − 𝑝 (𝑍 < )] = 2𝑝 (𝑍 < ) − 1 = 0.8176
3 3 3 3 3

𝐿𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑿 = {𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, … } 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠:

𝟐𝒌
40 𝒑(𝑿 = 𝒌) = 𝒌+𝟏
𝟑
𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡í𝑓í𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎.

𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑘) ≥ 0, ∀𝑘 ∈ {0,1,2,3,4, … }
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
2𝑛 1 2𝑛 1 2 𝑛 1 1
∑ 𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑛) = ∑ 𝑛+1 = ∑ · 𝑛 = ∑ ( ) =
⏟ · =1
3 3 3 3 3 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒
3 1−2
𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0 3
𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎
∞
𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠: 𝑔(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑛 1 < 𝑥 < 2
(1 − 𝑥)2
𝑛=0
2 2
2 3
→ 𝑔( ) = = 3 =6
3 2 2 1
(1 − 3) 9
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
2𝑛 2𝑛 1 2 𝑛 1 2 1
𝐸(𝑋) = ∑ 𝑥𝑛 𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑥𝑛 ) = ∑ 𝑛 · 𝑛+1 = ∑ 𝑛 · 𝑛 = ∑𝑛·( ) = 𝑔( ) = 6
3 3 ·3 3 3 3 3 3
𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0

= 2

𝐿𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑜𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙é𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟎, 𝟎𝟐.

41 𝑆𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝟐𝟎 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛
𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑙é𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑎: 𝑎) 𝐴𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠. 𝑏) 𝑀á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 18. 𝑐) 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑦 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡í𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎.

𝑋 ≡ 𝐵(20,0.02)
 20
𝑎) 𝑝(𝑋 ≥ 1) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑋 = 0) = 1 − ( ) 0.020 (1 − 0.02)20 = 1 − 0.9820 ≈ 0.3324
0
20 20
𝑏) 𝑝(𝑋 > 18) = 𝑝(𝑋 = 19) + 𝑝(𝑋 = 20) = ( ) 0.0219 ∗ 0.98 + ( ) 0.0220 =
19 20
20 ∗ 0.0219 ∗ 0.98 + 0.0220 ≈ 0

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑿 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑐á𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜.

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
∗ 𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑜, 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.
∗ 𝐸𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑠.
42
∗ 𝐸𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑜.
∗ 𝐿𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 1 𝑜 2 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒
ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑎 3 𝑐𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑜.
𝑂𝑏𝑡é𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑.

𝑥𝑖 0 1 2 3
𝑝𝑖 x y z t

1
𝑥=
𝑦=𝑧 3
1 1
𝑥=𝑡 𝑦= 𝑝(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑝(𝑋 = 3) =
1 6→ 3
𝑦 + 𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑡) → 1 1
2 𝑧= 𝑝(𝑋 = 1) = 𝑝(𝑋 = 2) =
{𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑡 = 1 6 6
1
{𝑡 = 3

𝑐) 𝜇 = 𝑛𝑝 = 20 ∗ 0.02 = 0.4 𝑦 𝜎 = √𝑛𝑝𝑞 = √0.4 ∗ 0.98 ≈ 0.626

43
1
𝑌 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑝(𝑌 = 𝑘) = , ∀𝑘 ∈ {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
8
8

𝐸(𝑌) = ∑ 𝑘 · 𝑝(𝑌 = 𝑘)
𝑘=1
8 8
1 1 1 36
= ∑ 𝑘 · = ∑ 𝑘 = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) = = 4.5
8 8 8 8
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
8 8 8
1 1
𝐸(𝑌 ) = ∑ 𝑘 · 𝑝(𝑌 = 𝑘) = ∑ 𝑘 · = ∑ 𝑘 2 =
2 2 2
8 8
𝑘=1 𝑘=1 𝑘=1

1 2 204 51
(1 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 ) = =
8 8 2
 51 9 2 21
𝑉(𝑌) = 𝐸(𝑌 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑌)]2 = −( ) = = 5.25
2 2 4
√21
𝜎𝑌 = √𝑉(𝑌) = ≈ 2.29 …
2

44
∞

𝑆𝑒𝑎 |𝑋| = {𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … }, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥0 < 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 < ⋯ 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑝(|𝑋| = 𝑥𝑖 ) = 𝑝𝑖 𝑦 ∑ 𝑝𝑖 = 1

𝑛=0
∞

𝐸(|𝑋| ) = ∑|𝑥𝑛 |𝑘 𝑝𝑛 < +∞

𝑘

𝑛=0

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑚 ∈ ℕ 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∶ 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑛 ≤ 1 , ∀𝑛 ≤ 𝑚 𝑦 𝑥𝑛 > 1, ∀𝑛 > 𝑚

𝑗
0 ≤ 𝑥𝑛 ≤ 1, 𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ≤ 𝑚
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: { 𝑗
𝑥𝑛 < 𝑥𝑛𝑘 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ≥ 𝑚
∞

𝐸(|𝑋| ) = ∑|𝑥𝑛 |𝑗 𝑝𝑛
𝑗

𝑛=0
𝑚 ∞ 𝑚 ∞

= ∑|𝑥𝑛 𝑝𝑖 + ∑ |𝑥𝑛 𝑝𝑛 ≤ ∑ 𝑝𝑛 + ∑ |𝑥𝑛 |𝑘 𝑝𝑖 ≤ 1 + 𝐸(|𝑋|𝑘 ) < +∞

|𝑗 |𝑗
𝑛=0 𝑛=𝑚 𝑛=0 𝑛=𝑚

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜: 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑛 ≤ 1, ∀𝑛 ∈ ℕ → 𝐸(|𝑋| 𝑗 ) ≤ 1

𝐸𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑙í𝑛𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜

𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑣. 𝑎. 𝑐. 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑦𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝟔 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠. 𝑆𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑒:
45 𝑎) 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝟒 𝑦 𝟕
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜.
𝑏) 𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝟏𝟎 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑢é𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑗𝑎𝑠 𝑚á𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟐, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝟔.

1
𝐸(𝑋) = 6 → 𝜆 =
6
 7 𝑥 7
1 −𝑥 7 4
𝑎) 𝑝(4 < 𝑋 < 7) = ∫ 𝑒 6 𝑑𝑥 = [−𝑒 −6 ] = −𝑒 −6 + 𝑒 −6 ≈ 0.202
4 6 4

1 𝑥 1
1 −𝑥 1
𝑏) 𝑝 = 𝑝(𝑋 > 1) = ∫ 𝑒 6 𝑑𝑥 = [−𝑒 −6 ] = −𝑒 −6 + 1 ≈ 0.1535
0 6 0

𝑌 = 𝐵(10, 𝑝) → 𝑝(2 < 𝑌 < 6) = 𝑝(𝑌 = 3) + 𝑝(𝑌 = 4) + 𝑝(𝑌 = 5) →

⏟
1
−
𝑝=1−𝑒 6
1
−
𝑞=𝑒 6

10! 1 3 1 7 10! 1 4 1 6
= (1 − 𝑒 −6 ) (𝑒 −6 ) + (1 − 𝑒 −6 ) (𝑒 −6 )
3! ∗ 7! 4! ∗ 6!
10! 1 5 1 5
+ (1 − 𝑒 −6 ) (𝑒 −6 ) ≈ 0.18745
5! ∗ 5!

PROFESOR: ANTONIUS BENEDICTUS