CODES OF PRACTICE & BUILDING BYE LAWS

AP-324
SUBMITTED BY:
ARUSHI SINGH, 3A
IQRA SAIFI, 3A
SKAND HEMMADY, 3A
VEDIKA VERMA, 3A
ADITI DHIMAN, 3B
AYUSHI JANGID, 3B
LOKESH SINGH, 3B

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. CHARU JAIN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 introduction 02 history

03 evolution 04 Stage of construction

05 Zoning 06 Fasade control

07 Fasade elements 08 daylight

09 Building material 10 Case studies

BARCELONA CITY, SPAIN
 INTRODUCTION
• Location: eixample district, barcelona, spain
• Urban planner: ildefons cerdà
• Architecture style: contemporary medieval
• District area: 7.84 km2.
• No of cerda blocks: 520
• Green spaces by inhabitant: 1.9 M 2 per inhabitant nos.
• This recreational open space with open sides to the blocks was
to guarantee the houses the maximum amount of sun, light
and ventilation.

SLIDE 4-AYUSHI
 HISTORY
• Barcelona, founded by the Romans in the 1st
century BC, has a long and storied past dating back
to Neolithic times.

• Barcelona's economic and political independence

declined from the 15th to 18th centuries, and it
eventually fell to Bourbon troops in 1714, leading to
the suppression of Catalonia's rights and privileges.

• Eixample, designed by urban planner Ildefons

Cerdà, is the modern Barcelona that demolishes its
medieval past and de ines contemporary Catalonia.

• The Eixamplewas built in the years of

industrialization of Catalonia, in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries.

SLIDE 5- VEDIKA
 The in illing of Cerda’s block increased from 67,200 square meters in the Plan Cerda in 1959 to nearly 295,000
square meters in 1972.

SLIDE 6- VEDIKA
THE EVOLUTION OF CERDA BLOCKS
• 1859 – Ground + 3 Floors (Max Height 16m)
STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION
• 1860– Ground + Mezzanine + 5 floors (Max Height 20.5m)
Maximum Built Depth is 28m
• 1991 – Ground + Mezzanine + 5 floors + 1 Pent House (Max Height 20.5m)
Use of Inner court and extra inner Terrace
• 1932 – Ground + Mezzanine + 6 floors + 2 Pent House (Max Height 23.5m)
Use of Inner court basement and extra outer Terrace
• 1976 (Recovery Period) – Ground + Mezzanine + 5 Floors + 2 Basements (Max Height 20.5m)
Use of Inner court 2nd Basement and Cancelation of outer terrace
Party wall design, where two adjacent building share the same wall.

20.5

5.5

SLIDE 7- VEDIKA
 ZONING
• First, it began, and has always remained, a bounded and compressed
city, dense from its founding. First physical walls and then the limits of
geography have hemmed the city in and ensured that its residents are
crammed tightly together.
• And second, it has always been an intentional city, closely conceived and
constructed by central planners.
• There have been very few periods of unplanned growth in Barcelona
history. Unlike so many newer cities, it has not sprawled. Each new burst
of growth has been on purpose; there has always been a plan.
• MODERN AGE • The city was still enclosed in its walls - the only
extension was in the beach, the district of the Barceloneta, although at
the end of the period it had almost 100, 000 inhabitants

SLIDE 8- SKAND
 ZONING
• In the early 1930s, a group of architects called GCATSPAC
(Catalan Group of Technical Architects for the Solution of
Problems of Contemporary Architecture) conceived a new
plan for the city that would have meant a thorough
transformation.

• The group was led by architect Josep Lluís Sert, a follower

and eventually colleague of the famous French rationalist
architect Le Corbusier.

• The plan contained all the aspirations and flaws of

modernism.

• In its way, it was humanitarian, with great attention paid to

the hygiene and green space needed by workers.

• In fact, it was in large part conceived to preempt a

revolution of the working classes.

SLIDE 9- SKAND
 FACADE CONTROL

1. 3.
Vertically Proportioned Balconies
Cerda Block Is Divided
That Are Typically Around
Into Smaller Adjacent
250mm Height And 140mm
Land Plots.
Width.

2. 4.
The Cladding And Decorations
Eixample Have Party Walls
Differs From One Building To
Thus Has Just Two Facades:
Another Varying From Normal
The Street View Façade And
Plaster To Luxury Stone Decorative
Inner Courtyard Façade.
Cladding.

SLIDE 10-AYUSHI
 FACADE ELEMENTS
OUTER SIDE FACADE
● The Balconies Are Very Simple, With Wrought
Iron Railings Little Worked And Some
Vegetation In Most Of Time.
● The Facades Are Also Characterized By Grid
And Repetition.
SLIDE 11- LOKESH
1- Thermal Mass wall
2- Single Glass panels
3- Roller shading device
4- Iron Handrail
COURTYARD SIDE FACADE
● The Grid Could Be Perpendicular, Inclined Or
Radial. Using This Power Of Repetition Gives The
Façade Its Own Identity.
● The Inner Courtyard Façade In The Cerda Block
Has A Great Importance Although Its Not Used In
The Right Manner .
 TRADITIONAL FACADE CONTROL

WINTER
In winter, The gallery works as a sunspace
collecting sun rays through the glass panels
and storing it in the thick thermal mass wall
during the day. At night this heat is released to
the inner living space.
SUMMER
In summer, The shading devices play important
role to protect from sunrays and overheating
through the space, with possibilities to tilt its
angle for better shading and allowing air
ventilation.
SLIDE 12- ARUSHI
 SUSTAINABLE FACADE CONTROL

WINTER
It consists of operable vertical louvers and
solar control glass to generate an e ective
sunspace in the behind the glass. The heat
collected in the sunspace is absorbed by thin
thermal drywall boards.
SUMMER
In summer, the louvers are closed to block sun
heat .In addition, the PV cells are tilted to the high
summer angle.as well as allowing ventilation
from low inlets situated below the shaded PV cells.
SLIDE 13- ARUSHI
 DAYLIGHT
• Cerdà intended to maximize solar access (and ventilation) to
every apartment in four ways.
• He limited building height to 16 meters ,for streets 20 meters
wide.
• All blocks were oriented on NW-SE axis for maximize sun
exposure time through out the day.
• All city blocks have chamfered corners, further improving solar
access.
• All apartments access to sunlight during the day, while o ering
all streets shadow throughout the day
• City  mandated that  blocks could only be built up on two instead
of four sides, either parallel to each other or in the form of an L 
• The buildings were supposed to be as tall as 16 meters in height
as to not block the sunlight for other buildings.

SLIDE 14- LOKESH

 SKYLINE
• The Eixample District has the unique Cerda’s urban plan and in the
same manner it has a unique façade designs And due to each Cerda
block is divided into smaller adjacent land plots.

• most of the buildings in Eixample have party walls thus has just two
facades :The Street view façade and Inner courtyard façade

• The Eixample’s street facades are characterized by a modernism style

with vertically proportioned balconies that are typically around
250mm height and 140mm width .

• The cladding and decorations di ers from one building to another

varying from normal plaster to luxury stone decorative cladding.

SLIDE 15- LOKESH

 BUILDING MATERIAL
• Balconies are the most important unit in an
Eixample façade design, despite they not used often
by users due to noise in the street side or sometimes
lack of privacy.
• The balconies are very simple, with wrought iron
railings little worked and some vegetation in most of
time.
• The glass panels of balconies allow natural light most
of the day with traditional wooden panels to control
light interference.
• The facades are also characterized by Grid and
repetition.
• The Grids are one of the most commonly applied
devices in international modern architecture .
• it provides organizing and ordering of the structure.
• The grid could be perpendicular, inclined or radial.
Using this power of repetition gives the façade its
own identity.

SLIDE 16- ADITI

 Street facades of Granados and Mallorca street Street facades of Valencia and Balmes street

Street facades of Granados and Mallorca street Street facades of Blames and Mallorca street
SLIDE 17- ADITI
 1. Low Energy MZ House
Architect: Calderon Folch Studio
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year finished: 2012
Type: Residential
• First Spanish Rehabilitated Building with a Passive House
Standard.
• A centenary house with the maximum comfort and
minimum energy cost
• The challenge was to refurbish a house built in 1918
maintaining both the original
• volume and facade whilst improving the thermal and
acoustic comfort.
• The construction systems and materials used have made
possible not only to achieve
• the goal but also to lower the energy demand from 171 kWh/
m2 to 17 kWh/m2 annual. SLIDE 18- IQRA
 2. Edificio de Viviendas ,CASP 74
Architect: Bach Architects
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Year finished: 2009
Area : 3965.95 m2
Type: Residential
• Designing a residential building in the middle of the
Eixample de Barcelona 150 years after the implementation of
the Cerdá Plan requires an extreme reflection on those
aspects of the project that most move away from the
Eixample stereotype.
• Among them, and one of the most relevant, is the function
and the role of the façade, since the trace of changes in
society.
• On the roof of the building, solar collectors for hot sanitary
water are installed,
• connected to the air conditioning system of homes to reduce
energy
• consumption. This fact, combined with the cross ventilation SLIDE 19- IQRA
THANK YOU !