BroadGate Product Line GD A01 V13 Nov-2010 en

BroadGate® Product Line
Version 13
General Description
426006-2018-013-A01
BroadGate Product Line General Description
V13
Catalog No: X38443
November 2010
nd
2 Edition
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Contents
Introduction.............................................................................. 1-1
Overview .......................................................................................................... 1-1
Dual Matrix Approach ....................................................................................... 1-2
BroadGate Product Line ................................................................................... 1-4
BG's Unique Value Proposition ........................................................................ 1-5
Carrier Class Ethernet and MPLS .................................................................... 1-6
Applications and Services ...................................................... 2-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 2-1
Data Applications ............................................................................................. 2-2
Metro-Access Applications ............................................................................... 2-3
Cellular Applications ......................................................................................... 2-3
WiMAX Applications ......................................................................................... 2-7
Utelcos ........................................................................................................... 2-10
Private Network Applications .......................................................................... 2-12
Efficient Triple-Play Service Delivery ............................................................. 2-13
System Architecture................................................................ 3-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 3-1
Modular Architecture ........................................................................................ 3-2
Control Subsystem ........................................................................................... 3-3
Communication with External Equipment and Management ............................ 3-5
Timing............................................................................................................... 3-5
Traffic and Cross-Connect Functionality .......................................................... 3-6
TDM Configuration Options .............................................................................. 3-7
Power Feed Subsystem ................................................................................... 3-9
Engineering Orderwire ................................................................................... 3-10
BG Platform Layout ................................................................. 4-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1
BG-20 ............................................................................................................... 4-2
BG-30 ............................................................................................................... 4-9
BG-64 ............................................................................................................. 4-14
Ethernet and MPLS.................................................................. 5-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 5-2
Carrier Ethernet Data Value Proposition .......................................................... 5-3
What is MPLS?................................................................................................. 5-4
What is MPLS-TP? ........................................................................................... 5-6
Carrier Ethernet with MPLS Technology .......................................................... 5-9
Hierarchical VPLS for Scalability .................................................................... 5-10
E2E MPLS Service over IP/MPLS Core ......................................................... 5-12
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Description
Quality of Service ........................................................................................... 5-13

Traffic Management and Performance ........................................................... 5-13
Selective FDB Flush ....................................................................................... 5-16
E-Tree (Rooted-Multipoint) Service ................................................................ 5-17
BroadGate Product Line Ethernet Cards ........................................................ 5-21
Applications and MEF Services ...................................................................... 5-25
Circuit Emulation Services (CES) ................................................................... 5-31
Timing and Synchronaization ......................................................................... 5-33
Network Connectivity Fault Management ....................................................... 5-34
Access Control List......................................................................................... 5-37
Port Mirroring.................................................................................................. 5-38
User Benefits with MPLS Enabled Cards ....................................................... 5-38
Unique Value Proposition ............................................................................... 5-39
Components and Service Cards ............................................ 6-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 6-1
Overhead Processing ....................................................................................... 6-2
Main Controller Cards ...................................................................................... 6-3
SDH Interface ................................................................................................... 6-9
PDH Interface ................................................................................................. 6-11
Ethernet Interface and Switching ................................................................... 6-13
Optical Amplifiers and DCMs ......................................................................... 6-17
Dslot, Tslot and Eslot Data Traffic Functions ................................................. 6-18
Intelligent PCM Unit ........................................................................................ 6-18
BG-Wave: Wireless Transmission Support for the

BG Family ................................................................................. 7-1
Introduction....................................................................................................... 7-2
Microwave Complementary Solution for BG and More .................................... 7-3
BG-Wave Product Line..................................................................................... 7-6
Benefits and Features ...................................................................................... 7-7
BG-Wave's Value Proposition .......................................................................... 7-8
Applications ...................................................................................................... 7-9
Mobile Backhauling ........................................................................................ 7-10
WiMAX Backhauling ....................................................................................... 7-11
Fixed-Line Access Backhaul .......................................................................... 7-12
BGW-10 Dedicated MRAN Platforms ............................................................. 7-14
BGW-E MRAN Expansion Shelves ................................................................ 7-16
MW_2 Base Cards ......................................................................................... 7-20
MIF Modules................................................................................................... 7-21
BGW-O ODU .................................................................................................. 7-22
Modular Configuration Options ....................................................................... 7-25
Timing and Synchronization ........................................................................... 7-28
Spectral Efficiency and Bandwidth Optimization ............................................ 7-30
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BroadGate Product Line General Contents
Description
Network Communication Control .......................................... 8-1

Routing and Forwarding Functionality .............................................................. 8-1
Digital Communication Channel ....................................................................... 8-2
Communication Module .................................................................................... 8-9
Protection and Restoration Mechanisms .............................. 9-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... 9-1
SDH Path Protection Schemes ........................................................................ 9-2
SDH Line Protection ......................................................................................... 9-5
Traffic Protection and Restoration .................................................................... 9-8
Management........................................................................... 10-1
Layered Architecture ...................................................................................... 10-1
Client/Server Architecture .............................................................................. 10-2
Integration with Other Products ...................................................................... 10-3
LightSoft Network Manager ............................................................................ 10-3
Standards and References .................................................... A-1

Overview .......................................................................................................... A-1
CEPT: Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations ................................................................................................. A-2
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute ............................... A-3
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission .............................................. A-4
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers ...................................... A-4
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force ............................................................ A-5
ISO: International Organization for Standardization ......................................... A-6
ITU-R: International Telecommunication Union (Radiocommunication
Sector) .............................................................................................................. A-6
ITU-T: International Telecommunication Union ................................................ A-7
MEF: Metro Ethernet Forum ........................................................................... A-10
Index .......................................................................................... I-1
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Dual matrix principle .................................................................................... 1-3
Figure 1-2: BroadGate product portfolio ........................................................................ 1-4
Figure 1-3: Carrier class Ethernet requirements ............................................................ 1-7
Figure 2-1: Typical Ethernet applications....................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2: BG in a metro-access application ................................................................ 2-3
Figure 2-3: BG-20B in the RAN...................................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-4: Typical EoPDH implementation ................................................................... 2-5
Figure 2-5: Aggregation and concentration scenario ..................................................... 2-6
Figure 2-6: ECI WiMAX backhaul solution alternatives ................................................. 2-9
Figure 2-7: ECI full solution for the utility telecom network .......................................... 2-11
Figure 2-8: BG in a private network application ........................................................... 2-12
Figure 2-9: Triple-play IPTV using MPLS multicast ..................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-10: IPTV service delivery network architecture ............................................. 2-14
Figure 3-1: BG as a multi-ADM/TM ................................................................................ 3-8
Figure 4-1: BG-20C_DC option ...................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2: BG-20C_AC option ...................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-3: BG-20B front view........................................................................................ 4-3
Figure 4-4: BG-30E front view........................................................................................ 4-6
Figure 4-5: BG-20E front view........................................................................................ 4-7
Figure 4-6: BG-30B front view........................................................................................ 4-9
Figure 4-7: BG-30E front view...................................................................................... 4-12
Figure 4-8: BG-64 front view ........................................................................................ 4-14
Figure 5-1: All-range carrier class MPLS/Ethernet data solution ................................... 5-3
Figure 5-2: Carrier Ethernet characteristics ................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-3: MPLS-TP in an E2E network configuration ................................................. 5-8
Figure 5-4: VPLS network configuration ...................................................................... 5-10
Figure 5-5: Typical H-VPLS topology ........................................................................... 5-10
Figure 5-6: Multiple H-VPLS domains .......................................................................... 5-11
Figure 5-7: Smooth E2E network interoperability ........................................................ 5-12
Figure 5-8: Traffic management with policer profiles ................................................... 5-13
Figure 5-9: TE manager functional block diagram ....................................................... 5-14
Figure 5-10: Pause frame example .............................................................................. 5-15
Figure 5-11: C-VLAN translation example ................................................................... 5-15
Figure 5-12: Selective FDB flush ................................................................................. 5-16
Figure 5-13: P2MP multicast tunnel example .............................................................. 5-18
Figure 5-14: P2MP multicast tunnel example - physical and logical networks ............ 5-19
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List of Figures BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Figure 5-15: Triple play network solution for IPTV, VoD, VoIP, and HSI services ...... 5-20
Figure 5-16: Metro network illustration......................................................................... 5-23
Figure 5-17: P2P MPLS tunnel example...................................................................... 5-26
Figure 5-18: EPL service.............................................................................................. 5-27
Figure 5-19: VPLS service example ............................................................................ 5-28
Figure 5-20: E-LAN service .......................................................................................... 5-30
Figure 5-21: CES Application ....................................................................................... 5-32
Figure 5-22: Multidomain Ethernet service OAM ......................................................... 5-34
Figure 5-23: CFM: Continuity check functionality ........................................................ 5-35
Figure 5-24: CFM: Loopback protocol ......................................................................... 5-36
Figure 5-25: CFM: Link trace ....................................................................................... 5-36
Figure 5-26: ACL description ....................................................................................... 5-37
Figure 5-27: Port mirroring ........................................................................................... 5-38
Figure 6-1: XIO30 general block diagram ...................................................................... 6-7
Figure 6-2: XIO64/XIO16_4 general block diagram ....................................................... 6-8
Figure 7-1: GbE Ethernet radio service with native TDM capabilities ........................... 7-3
Figure 7-2: BG-Wave multiservice radio transmission ................................................... 7-3
Figure 7-3: MRAN multiservice capabilities ................................................................... 7-4
Figure 7-4: BG-Wave product line ................................................................................. 7-6
Figure 7-5: MW network service for today and tomorrow ............................................ 7-10
Figure 7-6: WiMAX backhauling service ...................................................................... 7-12
Figure 7-7: Fixed-line access backhaul ....................................................................... 7-13
Figure 7-8: BGW-10 platform with MIF-10 and STM-1/OC-3 cards in the traffic
slots .............................................................................................................................. 7-15
Figure 7-9: BGW-10 slot allocation (2) ......................................................................... 7-16
Figure 7-10: BGW-20E expansion unit ........................................................................ 7-16
Figure 7-11: BGW-E/20E block diagram...................................................................... 7-17
Figure 7-12: BGW-E expansion unit ............................................................................ 7-18
Figure 7-13: BGW-E/20E slot allocation ...................................................................... 7-19
Figure 7-14: MW_2M with two MIF modules ............................................................... 7-20
Figure 7-15: MW_2 functional block diagram .............................................................. 7-20
Figure 7-16: MW_2M front panel with two MIF-E cards .............................................. 7-21
Figure 7-17: BGW-O ODU block diagram.................................................................... 7-22
Figure 7-18: Antenna/ODU combination ...................................................................... 7-24
Figure 7-19: 1+0 configuration for unprotected tail sites.............................................. 7-25
Figure 7-20: 1+1 protection, remote mount installation ............................................... 7-26
Figure 7-21: 4+0 and 1+1 configuration in a busy hub site.......................................... 7-27
Figure 7-22: 2+0 East-West configuration with XPIC capacity .................................... 7-28
Figure 7-23: Microwave radio transmissions in line of sight ........................................ 7-30
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BroadGate Product Line General List of Figures
Description
Figure 7-24: ACM with eight step-down and recovery levels....................................... 7-32
Figure 7-25: Diverse routing for increased bandwidth utilization ................................. 7-35
Figure 8-1: Integrating a variety of DCN schemes ......................................................... 8-6
Figure 8-2: DCC to VC-12 Clear Channel conversion ................................................... 8-8
Figure 9-1: Typical SNCP-protected network sites ........................................................ 9-2
Figure 9-2: SNCP-protected BG sites ............................................................................ 9-3
Figure 9-3: MSP protection modes ................................................................................ 9-5
Figure 9-4: Two-fiber protection ..................................................................................... 9-7
Figure 9-5: Ethernet ring protection ............................................................................. 9-10
Figure 10-1: ECI Telecom's layered architecture management concept ..................... 10-2
Figure 10-2: LightSoft main window ............................................................................. 10-4
Figure 10-3: Platform view as displayed in the EMS-BGF......................................... 10-10
Figure 10-4: Platform view as displayed in the LCT-BGF.......................................... 10-11
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List of Figures BroadGate Product Line General
Description
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List of Tables
Table 4-1: BG-20B cards and modules .................................................................. 4-5
Table 4-2: BG-20E cards ........................................................................................ 4-8
Table 4-3: BG-30B cards and modules ................................................................ 4-10
Table 4-4: List of modules for BG-30E ................................................................. 4-13
Table 4-5: BG-64 cards and modules ................................................................... 4-15
Table 4-6: List of modules for BG-30E ................................................................. 4-16
Table 6-1: SM_10E interfaces .............................................................................. 6-19
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Description
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1
Introduction
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 1-1
Dual Matrix Approach ..................................................................................... 1-2
BroadGate Product Line .................................................................................. 1-4
BG's Unique Value Proposition....................................................................... 1-5
Carrier Class Ethernet and MPLS ................................................................... 1-6
Overview
Traffic over transport networks keeps growing with increasing dominance of
packet based traffic. Service providers are facing the challenge to decouple the
linear linkage between the growing capacity needs and the infrastructure cost
associated with supporting it, and turn it into revenues. Common approaches
offered by equipment vendors include use of WDM ROADM to cope with the
increased capacity and shift to packet based infrastructure in order to handle the
traffic in a more cost effective way. At the same time, service providers still
have to keep their revenues generating TDM based services and are afraid to
build a new packet based infrastructure that will take over their well proven
and trusted SDH/SONET based infrastructure.
The need for data processing and connectivity across the WAN/MAN is ever
growing. Enterprises with geographically distributed offices want to expand
their Ethernet-based LANs to connect remote branches to their headquarters,
and their business to the Internet. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other
Application Service Providers (ASPs), such as Storage Service Providers
(SSPs), require data connectivity to connect their Points of Presence (PoPs) and
reach their customers. Moreover, mobile operators’ demand for Ethernet
connectivity is on the rise, as they seek to exploit their massive presence in
metro areas to provide new services.
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Introduction BroadGate Product Line General
Description
With the proliferation of LAN-based applications, carriers and service

providers (SPs) are seeking to meet the demand for more bandwidth, security,
and Service Level Agreements (SLAs). A great variety of service offerings (IP,
ATM, Ethernet, among others), together with protection mechanisms and
Quality of Service (QoS), must be flexible enough to cope with the constant
changes that are taking place in this environment.
Both enterprise users and mobile operators rely heavily on TDM trunks to carry
most of their traffic. SDH and DWDM are widely accepted as the most suitable
technologies for reliable high-capacity transmission. Thus, transmission
systems that support multiservice access, namely TDM and Ethernet, are ideal
for these needs.
As bandwidth-hungry data applications continue to increase, the metro network
requires equipment that is adaptable, scalable, transparent, and can provide
flexible allocation of network bandwidth.
The power of µMSPP relies within its name, Multi-Service. The ability of the
µMSPP to deliver different types of services over variety of physical and
technological bearers makes it an optimal solution for a mixed TDM and
Ethernet environment and to a cost effective platform for an era of transition.
As even the optimists forecasts estimate transition to packet based transport
network will take years to complete, a solution that puts the service providers
back in the driver’s seat to control the pace, is something service providers are
welcoming.
Dual Matrix Approach

The dual matrix approach is coming to address how scalable is the Ethernet
over MSPP solution and how it can address future needs in terms of capacity
and features. As indicated in the following sections, not only that dual matrix
approach enables to cope with foreseen requirements for the coming years and
prevent huge CAPEX and substantial high risk changes to the network
structure, but it has also built-in offload options to enable to start and build a
packet based network in parallel, whenever and wherever such a need evolves.
The new dual matrix approach is applicable to all BG product line both new
products and most important for the entire installed based. It enables to turn a
TDM based transport platform into a powerful TDM and Ethernet mixed
platforms that can handle both TDM and Ethernet natively. The same
equipment can be used throughout the full life cycle of a transport network
evolving from TDM-Based to Packet-based as follows:
 TDM traffic carried over TDM
 Ethernet and TDM are delivered over TDM
 Ethernet and TDM are processed natively and delivered either over TDM
or over Ethernet
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BroadGate Product Line General Introduction
Description
Being equipped with a TDM based matrix, MSPP used to deliver Ethernet
traffic over SDH/SONET (Ethernet over SDH). With the new dual matrix
approach capabilities, Ethernet traffic can not only be processed natively but
can also be delivered over Ethernet interfaces without passing through the
TDM matrix thus making it suitable to be part of a pure packet based
infrastructure.
The µMSPP can get Ethernet traffic either over SDH or natively over Ethernet
interfaces, process it in its native form using its pure packet based matrix and
deliver it over Ethernet interfaces to an overlay of packet based network.
Figure 1-1: Dual matrix principle
With the new capabilities the MSPP is position to optimally support the full
cycle of migration from TDM-based to pure Ethernet-based backhaul networks,
as follows:
 TDM-based Metro network: Supports a wide range of TDM services
from E1 up to STM-64 with full LO/HO non-blocking TDM matrix.
Supports all metro Ethernet services: E-Line, E-LAN, Rooted Multicast
with Ethernet over TDM (EoP, L1/L2 EoS, MPLSoEoSDH/SONET) with
interfaces from FE up to 10 GbE.
 Packet based and TDM based Metro networks in parallel: Delivers a
wide range of TDM services from E1 up to STM-64 with full LO/HO non
blocking matrix. Supports all Metro Ethernet services: E-Line, E-LAN,
Rooted Multicast with pure L2 Ethernet/MPLS switching supporting
interfaces from FE up to 10 GBE.

Description
 Packet-based Metro network: Enables all metro Ethernet services:

E-Line, E-LAN, Rooted Multicast with pure L2 Ethernet/MPLS switching,
supporting interfaces from FE up to GbE. TDM services can be supported
over Ethernet by using CES, supported by the BG product line.
No matter what is the service provider’s choice, no down payment is required.
Since the TDM and Ethernet matrices are separate and can be purchased
individually, there is always flexibility for modifications in the future, based on
actual demand.
Using dual matrix extends dramatically the traffic’s capacity the MSPP can
handle.
BroadGate Product Line

Today’s cellular and access networks demand add-on service capabilities for a
vast array of systems, such as 2G, 2.5G, and 3G base station traffic, SDH
optical rings, chains, point-to-point connections, and radio links. At the same
time, operators and SPs are expected to provide broadband services to their
enterprise customers over the same infrastructure, while reducing power
consumption, space requirement, and overall cost. In addition, power, military,
communications, and government institutions hope that a single private
network can provide high efficiency access and transmission and reduce
building and maintenance costs. ECI Telecom’s BroadGate (BG) miniature
MSPPs are the answer to all of these requirements – and more.
Figure 1-2: BroadGate product portfolio
µMSPPs have begun to play a critical role in transition from legacy to NGNs.
BG enables carriers to leverage their SDH installed base while offering an
increasing mix of services to their customers. Its powerful networking and
protection capability and high scalability improve the cost-effectiveness of the
metro-access layer and private networks that integrate service access and
transmission functions. It can also give timely responses to network evolution
requirements.

Description
BG's Unique Value Proposition

ECI Telecom’s BG platform delivers a cost-effective and affordable mix of
MPLS, Ethernet, SDH, PDH, and PCM services that result in new revenue
generating opportunities. It offers a wide variety of features and benefits,
including:
 Dual Matrix support – deliver natively TDM and packet from the same NE.
 Carrier class Ethernet over WAN/MAN solution with SDH reliability,
security, and management of data services.
 Ultra-high scalability based on coupling the standard BG unit to an
expansion unit to make a build-as-you-grow® solution.
 High traffic survivability through main hardware duplication and tributary
protection.
 The ability to add interfaces easily while the network element (NE) is
working by plugging in the appropriate cards ranging from E1 cards for
multiple ports to STM-4/STM-16/STM-64 cards.
 Sublambda grooming for high utilization of existing fiber and top
efficiency in transmission of different types of services.
 PCM service interfaces and 1/0 digital cross-connect functions to facilitate
the construction and maintenance of various private networks.
 Multi-ADM and cross-connect functionality, ideal for deployment in
flexible network topologies like ring, mesh, and star.
 Compact and resilient, making it perfectly suited for both indoor and
outdoor enclosures. Due to its extended operating temperature range, it is
also most suitable for harsh environmental conditions.
When delivering data services, BG provides the following benefits:
 Enhanced CAPEX savings (less equipment) and bandwidth utilization
 Reduced OPEX due to the cost-effective integration of Ethernet with SDH
in one platform with a single management system
 Multiple Ethernet services provided on one physical port, including:
 LAN-to-LAN, pure point-to-point and multipoint connectivity
 Bandwidth granularity and shared or dedicated bandwidth
 Statistical multiplexing and ISP connectivity
 Layer 2 data application features:
 Multipoint-to-multipoint transparent LAN services
 Shared capacity for multiple users, ensuring cost-effective statistical
multiplexing

Description
 Ethernet-over-SDH advantages:
 Ethernet with carrier class reliability, operation, and management
 A wide variety of protection schemes
 Ethernet traffic carried over existing SDH infrastructures, exploiting
resources, footprint, and operational efforts
 Low-cost EPL services provided in a node at the edge of a network
 MAN Ethernet solutions with powerful functions
 Ethernet-over-PDH advantages:
 Enables the deployment of advanced Ethernet services over a legacy
PDH infrastructure
Carrier Class Ethernet and MPLS

Ethernet service, the pre-eminent LAN technology, is now becoming the
dominant service for the metro-domain (WAN) as well. Consumers require
guaranteed service delivery of the appropriate quality, expecting operators to
provide differentiated services with comprehensive carrier class capabilities,
from access to core.
MPLS technology may be used to carry Ethernet services across the metro and
core network. MPLS as a transport layer for metro carrier Ethernet services,
rather than using Ethernet as both transport and service layers, enhances the
Ethernet service, enabling it to meet a complete carrier class standard,
including:
 Hard Qos, with guaranteed end-to-end (E2E) SLA for business, mobile,
and residential users that enables efficient differentiated services, allowing
SPs to tailor the level of service and performance to the requirements of
their customers (real-time, mission-critical, best-effort, and so on), as well
as assuring the necessary network resources for Committed Information
Rate (CIR) and Extended Information Rate (EIR).
 Reliability, with a robust, resilient network that can provide uninterrupted
service across each path. This includes network protection of less than
50 msec using link/node Fast ReRoute (FRR) and meeting a five 9’s
standard of E2E service availability.
 Scalability of both services and bandwidth, ranging from megabits to
terabits with variable granularity and hundreds of thousands of flows
supporting controlled scalability for both the number of elements and the
number of services on the network.

Description
 E2E Service Management through a single comprehensive Network

Management System (NMS) that provisions, monitors, and controls many
network layers simultaneously. Advancement in the management of
converged networks takes advantage of the condensed transport layer for
provisioning and troubleshooting, while presenting operators with tiered
physical and technology views that are familiar and easy to navigate. The
comprehensive NMS simplifies operations by allowing customers and
member companies to monitor and/or control well-defined and secure
resource domains with partitioning down to the port.
 Security, with a safe environment that protects subscribers, servers, and
network devices, blocking malicious users, Denial of Service (DoS) and
other types of attacks. Use of provider network constraints, as well as
complete traffic segregation, ensures the highest level of security and
privacy for even the most sensitive data transmissions.
 TDM support, providing TDM legacy service integration through a native
MSPP platform for optimal next-generation (NG) SDH functionality.
Figure 1-3: Carrier class Ethernet requirements
ECI’s XDM® and BroadGate® product lines are certified to

comply with MEF9 and MEF14 standards.

Description

2
Applications and Services
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 2-1
Data Applications ............................................................................................ 2-2
Metro-Access Applications ............................................................................. 2-3
Cellular Applications ....................................................................................... 2-3
WiMAX Applications...................................................................................... 2-7
Utelcos ........................................................................................................... 2-10
Private Network Applications ....................................................................... 2-12
Efficient Triple-Play Service Delivery .......................................................... 2-13
Overview
BG is a flexible µMSPP that can be deployed in various applications. Its
powerful networking and protection capabilities and high expandability,
combined with its small footprint and economical cost, make it ideal for
metro-access and cellular networks. BG boosts service provisioning,
aggregation, and transport, making it an essential element in today’s networks.

Applications and Services BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Data Applications
Ethernet services have been the driving force in the telecommunications
industry in recent years, providing a new approach to data service provisioning
and connectivity. This has brought about exceptional growth in the demand for
more bandwidth at reduced cost.
BG’s Layer 1, Layer 2 and MPLS capabilities offer carriers a clear migration
path from pure TDM-based legacy services to new value-added data services.
With BG, carriers can now provide services such as Ethernet Private Lines
(EPL), with Ethernet over SDH (EoS) or Ethernet over PDH (EoP) replacing
traditional TDM leased-line services, Ethernet Virtual Private Lines (EVPL)
using shared bandwidth, and Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN)/Ethernet Virtual
Private LAN (EVPLAN) extending corporate LANs over the WAN. All
services can be offered with QoS and SLA assurances, controlled and managed
by ECI Telecom’s multidimensional LightSoft® Network Management System
(NMS).
Figure 2-1: Typical Ethernet applications
BG polices and queues traffic to ensure QoS, and manages bandwidth

resources at the packet level. As many customers insist on fully guaranteed
QoS, it facilitates the provision of a range of QoS levels for different
customers, as well as several service levels for the same customer, if required.

BroadGate Product Line General Applications and Services
Description
Metro-Access Applications
Metro-access networks are characterized by an increasing demand from
residential and business customers for higher bandwidth to support voice, data,
and video services.
Although BG is very small, it offers scalable STM-1/4/16/64 aggregation of
access traffic in multiring and point-to-point topologies. The platform
adds/drops PDH, SDH, and Fast Ethernet (FE) services at local PoPs.
Figure 2-2: BG in a metro-access application
Cellular Applications
As the cellular market continues to boom, it is essential for operators to deal
with constant increases in traffic, changes in connectivity demands affecting
network topologies, and migration to new technologies (GSM to GPRS to 3G).
All of these changes require scalable and flexible optical infrastructure
expansions down to the Remote Access Network (RAN).
BG is very suitable for building RAN transmission networks:
 It is compact and resilient, making it perfectly suited for both indoor and
outdoor enclosures and harsh environmental conditions.
 It consolidates data traffic with TDM traffic for a shared infrastructure.
 It supports point-to-point, ring, and mesh topologies, and can be upgraded
from STM-1 to STM-64 with a minimal effect on traffic.
 It is highly flexible and low cost, improving the network’s cost
effectiveness.

Description
 It efficiently handles advanced data services (WLAN and IP migration)

provided by cellular operators.
 The DXC 1/0 cross-connect and PCM low-bitrate interfaces enable remote
control and monitoring of various types of Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
and Base Station Controller (BSC) equipment, eliminating the need for
conversion units and saving considerably on CAPEX and OPEX.
Figure 2-3: BG-20B in the RAN
EoP Services
EoP is a quick and cost effective way to add Ethernet services over existing
PDH based networks. One example is businesses using PDH leased lines to
connect their offices. While data requirements of enterprises are constantly
growing, the existing infrastructure is still in place. EoP supports data services
requirements such as E-Line and E-LAN over existing infrastructure, without
the hassle associated with supporting these attributes over a packet based
network. Adding Ethernet based services over the same infrastructure only
requires EoP support at the CLE or CPE equipment used to support the leased
lines network.
However, the primary application today for EoP is mobile backhauling. While
the shift to 3G IP is already in motion, projections indicate that even in the next
few years, 70% to 80% of the world’s cell site will be served exclusively by
TDM backhaul infrastructure, with the majority being radio PDH.

Description
Ethernet interfaces are expected to become more common in 3G networks in

the coming years. Ethernet as a second interface to a PDH interface is already
in use in some 3G Node BTS. With the future shift towards an all-IP network,
it will eventually become the only interface. In addition, collocation of all-IP
3G Node BTS with previous generations and with new WiMax base stations is
expected to become widespread.
Whether migrating from 2G to 3G or beyond, the coexistence of several
technologies side by side in the same network, and in some cases within the
same base station or tower, is a challenge that mobile operators will have to
handle in a cost conscious fashion.
Using EoP is the most cost effective way to capitalize on the huge investments
already made in the radio PDH equipment, while supporting the developments
of Ethernet interfaces and services.
Figure 2-4: Typical EoPDH implementation
Supporting EoP lets service providers preserve the same transport network to
backhaul TDM, ATM, and Ethernet based data and voice traffic without a new
network overlay or replacing existing equipment. All additional functionality is
implemented only at the edge of the network and Ethernet is then carried
transparently over the existing TDM-based network.

Description
With the addition of 64 Kbps switching and grooming capabilities and Ethernet
L2 concentration capabilities, several levels of concentration can be obtained.
Pushed as close as possible to the edge of the network, optimized bandwidth
utilization and substantial infrastructure cost savings are achieved, as follows:
 Supporting Ethernet L2 concentration at the first aggregation point allows
several Ethernet links to be groomed and carried over the same PDH links.
Further statistical multiplexing provides bandwidth saving proportional to
the oversubscription ratio.
 64 Kbps switching support and aggregation capabilities at the first
aggregation point allow all traffic types including TDM, 3G ATM, and 3G
IP to be aggregated and groomed over the same PDH links towards the hub
points.
 Substantial additional savings is achieved at the hub points via TDM and
Ethernet L2 aggregation and concentration, similar to that performed at the
first aggregation point, but combining traffic from additional sites arriving
over partially populated PDH links. Traffic from the hub sites is then
carried over PDH/SDH or Ethernet links towards the metro network.
Figure 2-5: Aggregation and concentration scenario

Description
WiMAX Applications
WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access, is an emerging
wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connectivity over
long distances.
In recent years, WiMAX has clearly become the leading technology among
wireless technologies and this trend is expected to continue. WiMAX offers the
capacity for service providers to deploy next generation broadband service
more cost effectively than today, to a wider customer base, while adding a
mobility aspect to those services.
ECI Telecom offers a wide range of solutions for all WiMAX deployments
scenarios, tailored to suit individual customer specifications. While focusing on
rapid rollout of WiMAX services ECI's offerings are fully scalable, supporting
both present and future needs.
Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH) is a cost-effective and shortest-time-to-market
method of providing WiMAX services on an existing installed SDH/SONET
network using NG-MSPP .It benefits from the price points of Ethernet with the
large geographic coverage of an existing network. This is efficiently
implemented by connecting a WiMAX access device to BroadGate (BG)
Ethernet cards in the access network. The powerful networking and protection
capabilities of the BG and its high expandability, combined with its small
footprint, economical cost, and efficient Ethernet/MPLS capabilities, make it
ideal for metro-access and WiMAX backhauling.
Another variation of Ethernet over TDM is Ethernet over PDH (EoPDH)
delivery, via the transparently connected WiMAX BTS over bonded E1 lines.
This method is usually for low bandwidth applications up to several E1s and
connect areas that are inaccessible by fiber, or have existing Radio PDH that
backhauls a collocated 2G/2.5G BTS. This scheme is made possible by the
EoPDH cards on the BroadGate platform.
Typical WiMAX applications include:
 Fixed Broadband Access - WiMAX technology is an easy and fast
alternative for broadband access deployment, allowing fixed-line operators
to expand broadband coverage into areas where wireline infrastructure does
not exist or is unable to provide broadband services. ECI's WiMAX
solution allows mobile operators to supplement their service offering with
fixed-line triple play services.
 Mobile Broadband Access - ECI's WiMAX solution can be used to
expand existing 2G/3G mobile operator networks in greenfield areas or as
the RAN for MVNO services. The deployment of a WiMAX network with
stationary applications and allowances for future requirements (supporting
mobility) is becoming increasingly popular.

Description
 WiMAX for Backhauling - In harsh terrains, non-line-of-sight areas, or

when the required bandwidth does not justify point-to-point radio backhaul,
ECI's WiMAX solution (based on point-to-multipoint technology) can
serve as a backhaul network both for fixed (.e.g, xDSL) and wireless (.e.g,
3G femtocell, Metro Wi-Fi) broadband access networks.
 WiMAX Wholesale Services - Quick to implement and providing both
fixed and mobile broadband services, ECI's cost-effective WiMAX
solution is an excellent choice for carrier of carriers (CoCs). Targeting
Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) and Mobile Virtual Network Operators
(MVNOs), wholesale services enable fast rollout of triple play services
over WiMAX networks, offering guaranteed SLAs and security.
 Fixed-Mobile Convergence - Mobile operators can expand their offerings
into fixed-line services, and fixed-line operators can utilize mobile
WiMAX to provide mobile services.
Mobile operators can also leverage their legacy mobile core for wireline
services deployed over WiMAX by deploying VoIP-to-2G/3G gateways.
 WiMAX for Defense and Public Safety - Government defense and public
safety agencies require communication networks for their security
applications that are based on highly sophisticated computerized networks.
These systems run data and video applications, requiring high bandwidth
communication to and from command centers.
While copper and fiber optics infrastructure is at the heart of the defense
telecom network a mobile infrastructure is necessary for deploying forces
in various terrains or disaster zones.

Description
 WiMAX for Rural Areas - In rural areas, where broadband services has
until now been limited or even impossible, WiMAX makes high-speed
access a reality. It eliminates the need to run fiber across rough terrain, or
low-dense populated areas. WiMAX base stations can be built to service
the local area wireless, creating a new revenue source with considerably
lower investment.
Figure 2-6: ECI WiMAX backhaul solution alternatives

Description
Utelcos
In recent years, Utelcos have been installing more metering and monitoring
devices to improve their network visibility. This enables them to support
features like real-time control, computer networking, safe drinking water
monitoring, security access, and video for facilities monitoring. To facilitate
these added services, utilities are using fibers along their right of ways to meet
additional bandwidth demand, as well as upgrading their surveillance network
to support new Ethernet and IP-based communications.
Utelcos have recognized that their networks can be leveraged to provide
commercial telephony services. Many are therefore offering wholesale carrier
and enterprise services, as well as providing high-speed Internet and telephony
services to the residential market.
These new trends present a major challenge to utility network planners. The
optical transmission layer, a key part of the network, must be carefully
designed to support current services and be future-ready for new ones. Network
planners must select transmission equipment that will support evolving utility
needs over the next several years in a very dynamic environment. Failure to
plan properly puts utilities in the dangerous position of having to constantly
redesign their network and replace transmission equipment to respond
effectively to their customer service requirements.

Description
To support the dynamic nature of the commercial telecom environment, the

optimal network design must:
 Be flexible enough to support current legacy services as well as new
advanced services.
 Be able to scale its capabilities and costs to match current needs as
efficiently as possible.
 Provide smooth migration as bandwidth demands increase or when shifting
from one business model to another.
 Meet the carrier class and reliability requirements expected by the industry.
Figure 2-7: ECI full solution for the utility telecom network

Description
Private Network Applications

In general, power, military, communications, and government institutions tend
to build their own private communication networks. This is due to network
security considerations, or the fact that the services provided by current
telecom carriers cannot satisfy their requirements. To reduce infrastructure and
maintenance costs, private network users expect a single network to meet all
their communication service access and transmission requirements.
Many types of services and interfaces are supported. While the quantity of
service interfaces needed by most sites is generally low, the requirements for
network reliability are very demanding.
BG consolidates data and TDM traffic for a shared infrastructure and handles
advanced data services with superb efficiency. Moreover, BG embedded DXC
1/0 cross connect, with its PCM interfaces for low-bitrate data, PABX
extensions, and hot-line phone, makes this possible.
Figure 2-8: BG in a private network application
BG is designed to meet today’s growing network needs, such as the cost

reduction requirements of metropolitan and cellular applications. Optimized to
meet the demands of today and tomorrow, BG is the key building block for
achieving highly competitive solutions. This enables operators to cater to
unpredictable growth while avoiding the need to restructure their network.

Description
Efficient Triple-Play Service

Delivery
Consumers are looking for an easy, convenient, top-quality combination of
telephone, television, high-speed Internet, and wireless services (VoIP, Internet
Protocol [IPTV], High-Speed Internet [HSI], Video on Demand [VOD], and
3G RAN). Service providers who wish to meet this demand need suppliers of
top-quality network equipment that responds to their demands for secure,
reliable, flexible, and cost-effective service.
The BG platforms address these requirements. For example, the BG is the ideal
choice for triple-play IPTV. Multicast technology defines an optimal
point-to-multipoint (P2MP) multicast tree for downstream (unidirectional)
IPTV traffic, enabling extremely efficient use of bandwidth capacity.
Dedicated P2MP tunnels are generated for IPTV multicast group content, such
as TV channels. These P2MP tunnels are designed in a multicast tree structure
that defines the shortest possible path to each Provider Edge (PE). The
efficiency of the multicast approach means that only one packet copy is
required per link or branch. Using Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) snooping, the access link carries only the sum of the subscriber
requested channels, minimizing any unnecessary bandwidth burden on the
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) or Passive Optical
Network (PON) devices at the customer edge.
At the same time, the same infrastructure is used for bidirectional Virtual
Private LAN Service (VPLS) VPN traffic, carrying the IPTV subscriber control
traffic (IGMP packets) back upstream to the edge routers, as well as
transporting additional bidirectional VOD, VoIP, and HSI services. This means
that a single infrastructure can be used to supply all triple-play service requests,
optimizing network efficiency and capacity with minimal overhead in cost or
complexity.
Figure 2-9: Triple-play IPTV using MPLS multicast

Description
Figure 2-10: IPTV service delivery network architecture
As illustrated in the preceding figures, when a user selects a channel using a

remote control, the set top box (STB) or home gateway (home GW) sends an
IGMP report (join request) packet upstream with information about the channel
selected. This IGMP join packet is snooped by the leaf PE BG device, which,
in addition to allowing the packet to proceed upstream, also updates the
forwarding table with the requested channel.
On the downstream path, one copy (packet) of each TV channel is delivered
from the MSER to the root PE MCS device. The channel content is then sent
across the P2MP tunnel multicast tree downstream to the terminating point of
the leaf PE. The leaf PE forwards to the DSLAM only those channels that have
been requested by the users and which are served by the DSLAM. The leaf PE
forwarding knowledge is based on IGMP snooping performed on the upstream.
Channels that have not been requested are blocked at the leaf PE and not
forwarded to the IPDSLAM. When a user changes a channel, an IGMP leave
request and an IGMP join request are sent upstream. The IGMP leave request
includes the information regarding the channel to be deselected. The IGMP
leave request is snooped by the leaf BG PE device, which, in addition to letting
the packet proceed upstream, in turn updates the forwarding table and removes
the channel from it.
The P2MP tunnel multicast tree improves network efficiency by reducing the
bandwidth and the fiber needs of the metro network. IGMP snooping reduces
the IPDSLAM bandwidth bottleneck and also allows other triple-play services,
such as VoD, VoIP, and HSI, to obtain their required capacity.

Description
As illustrated in the preceding figure, connecting a backup multicast router

(second MSER) to a second root PE can be used to protect against root
PE/router failure.
Star VPLS is also connected to the backup root PE/router (second MSER). This
forms a double-star VPLS that connects from the multiple leaf PE to the two
root PE devices. In this way, all P2P triple-play services are protected with sub
50 msec protection as well as IGMP control packets.
Service providers deploying ECI Telecom’s IPTV multicast solution can fully
exploit metro network bandwidth and benefit from the savings and cost
effectiveness of the IPTV solution. Service providers also benefit from the
MPLS assured E2E QoS IPTV delivery and E2E carrier class capability.

Description

3
System Architecture
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 3-1
Modular Architecture ...................................................................................... 3-2
Control Subsystem........................................................................................... 3-3
Communication with External Equipment and Management .......................... 3-5
Timing ............................................................................................................. 3-5
Traffic and Cross-Connect Functionality ........................................................ 3-6
TDM Configuration Options ........................................................................... 3-7
Power Feed Subsystem .................................................................................... 3-9
Engineering Orderwire .................................................................................. 3-10
Overview
As a powerful µMSPP for access networks, BG can deliver a variety of
services. Designed for installation in Customer Premises Equipment/Customer
Located Equipment (CPE/CLE) and Central Offices (COs), BG integrates
Ethernet with SDH and PDH capabilities into a 1U (44 mm) unit, and for
expanded traffic capabilities, a 2U (88mm) unit can be coupled with the
standard BG unit.
BG eliminates the boundaries between data and voice communication
environments, and paves the way for service provisioning without sacrificing
equipment reliability, robustness, and QoS. Thus, both operators and service
providers benefit from the best of both worlds: the cost-effectiveness and
universality of Ethernet and QoS, and the scalability and survivability of SDH.

System Architecture BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Used in many subnetwork topologies, BG can handle a mixture of

point-to-point, hub, and mesh traffic patterns. This combined functionality
means operators benefit from improved network efficiency and significant
savings in terms of cost and footprint. The BG platform:
 Increases the number of STM-1 interfaces, or upgrades from STM-1 to
STM-4/STM-16/STM-64 easily and smoothly.
 Allows you to start very small and attain ultra-high expandability in a
build-as-you-grow® fashion by combining the standard BG unit with an
expansion unit.
 Aggregates traffic arriving over Ethernet, PCM low-bitrate interfaces,
E1/T1, E3/DS-3, and STM-1 directly over
STM-1/STM-4/STM-16/STM-64.
 Can be configured as a Terminal Multiplexer (TM) with a single port for
line aggregates, as an ADM with two aggregate ports, or as a multi-ADM
and cross connect.
 Is suitable for indoor and outdoor installations.
 Supports an extended operating temperature range up to 70°C.
Modular Architecture
The BG product line is a miniature add/drop multiplexer optimized especially
for metro-access, access, and cellular networks.
With the BG build-as-you-grow strategy, network operators are able to provide
new services as needed, expanding traffic capacity with minimum investment.
The platform’s architecture allows expansion according to market demand,
including:
 Adding or replacing plug-in modules while the system is in operation,
without affecting traffic in any way.
 Optimizing aggregate matrix capacity and transceiver module assignment.
Three types of unified matrix/aggregate cards are available, each
supporting a different bitrate, from STM-1 through STM-4 to STM-16, and
STM-64.
 Optimizing tributary I/O slot assignment. Three slots in the basic unit and
three additional slots in the expansion unit can accommodate different I/O
modules of different fan-out and technology types.
 In-service scalability of SDH links. An optical connection operating at a
specific bitrate can be upgraded from STM-1 through STM-4 to STM-16,
and STM-64.

BroadGate Product Line General System Architecture
Description
 Ultra-high resiliency through matrix, timing unit, and power supplies

redundancy.
 Tributary protection for E1, E3/DS-3 and STM-1e interfaces and data card
IOP for optical ports in the BG-30 and BG-64.
Control Subsystem
A single main controller card in the BG shelf controls the entire BG system via
a high-performance CPU, which also processes communication with the
EMS-BGF/LCT-BGF and other equipment. A large capacity flash memory
stores equipment configuration data and software versions (up to two). Both
online and remote software upgrades are supported. BG supports the
processing of RS DCC channels and MS DCC channels, plus up to two Clear
Channels (DCC over framed or unframed E1). The BG unit can send network
management information through third-party SDH or PDH networks using
these Clear Channels.
The BG main controller card is the most essential card of the system, creating
virtually a complete standalone MSPP system. Moreover, it accommodates one
service traffic slot for flexible configuration of virtually any type of PDH,
SDH, or Ethernet interfaces. This integrated flexible design ensures a very
compact equipment structure and reduces costs, making BG an ideal MSPP for
the access layer.
BG control and communication functions include:
 Internal control and processing
 Communication with external equipment and management
 Network element (NE) software and configuration backup
 Built-in Test (BIT)
Internal Control and Processing

The BG main controller card provides central control, alarm, maintenance, and
communication functions for BG NEs. If required, it can also communicate
with the control processors of the various cards in the extension unit for various
service cards, using a master-slave control hierarchy.
The control subsystem is separate from the traffic subsystem. In case of a
failure or extraction of the control card, traffic is not impaired.

Description
Software and Configuration Backup

BG contains a large-capacity onboard Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) that stores
a complete backup of the system’s software and node configuration. This
ensures superior management and control availability.
The BG main controller card enables easy software upgrade using a remote
software procedure operated from the EMS-BGF management station or
LCT-BGF craft terminal. The card can store two different software versions at
the same time, and enables a quick switchover between the different versions
when required.
Built-in Test (BIT)

The BIT hardware and its related software assist in the identification of any
faulty card or module. The BIT outputs provide:
 Management reports
 System reset
 Maintenance alarms
 Fault detection
 Protection switch for an XIO card (BG-30 and BG-64)
Dedicated test circuits implement the BIT procedure under the control of an
integrated software package. After the BG unit is switched on, a BIT program
is automatically activated for both the initialization and normal operation
phases. Alarms are sent to the EMS-BGF if any failures are detected by the
BIT.
BIT testing covers general tests, including module presence tests and periodic
sanity checks of I/O module processors. It performs traffic path tests, card
environment tests, data tests, and detects traffic-affecting failures, as well as
failures in other system modules.

Description
Communication with External

Equipment and Management
The BG main controller card is responsible for communicating with other NEs
and management stations.
In the BG product line, the main controller card communicates with the remote
EMS-BGF/LCT-BGF and other SDH NEs via the DCC or clear channel. It
communicates with the local EMS-BGF and LCT-BGF via the Ethernet
interface. The communication between SDH NEs, or between SDH NEs and
the EMS-BGF/LCT-BGF, can also be via the DCN. The controller can connect
to the DCN via Ethernet or V.35. In addition, the controller can connect to
external equipment via Ethernet or RS-232, using DCC channels of the SDH
network to build a narrow bandwidth DCN for the external equipment.
Timing
BG provides high-quality system timing to all traffic modules and functions in
compliance with applicable ITU-T recommendations for functionality and
performance.
The main component in the BG synchronization subsystem is the timing and
synchronization unit (TMU). Timing is distributed redundantly from the TMUs
to all traffic and matrix cards, minimizing unit types and reducing operation
and maintenance costs.
The TMU and the internal and external timing paths are fully redundant. The
high-level distributed BIT mechanism ensures top performance and availability
of the synchronization subsystem. In case of hardware failure, the redundant
synchronization subsystem takes over the timing control with no traffic
disruption.
To support reliable timing, BG provides multiple synchronization reference
options. Up to four timing references can be monitored simultaneously.
In BG, any timing signal can be selected as a reference source. The TMU
provides direct control over the source selection (received from the system
software) and the frequency control loop. The definition of the synchronization
source depends on the source quality and synchronization mode of the network
timing topology (set by the EMS-BGF or LCT-BGF).
Synchronization references are classified at any given time according to a
predefined priority and prevailing signal quality. The BG synchronization
subsystem synchronizes to the best available timing source using the
Synchronization Status Marker (SSM) protocol. The TMU is frequency-locked
to this source, providing internal system and SDH line transmission timing.
The shelf is synchronized to this central timing source.

Description
BG provides synchronization outputs for the synchronization of external

equipment within the exchange. The synchronization outputs are 2 MHz and 2
Mbps. These outputs can be used to synchronize any peripheral equipment or
switch.
BG supports synchronous Ethernet as per ITU-T G.8261.
Traffic and Cross-Connect

Functionality
The heart of BG is a nonblocking high/low-order (HO/LO) cross-connect
matrix. It is BG’s architecture that enables its outstanding configuration
flexibility.
BG supports the following range of nonblocking HO/LO cross connect
configurations:
 16 VC-4 x 16 VC-4 in BG-20 and BG-30 MADM-1/4
 96 VC-4 x 96 VC-4 in BG-30 MADM-16/MADM-1/4
 256 VC-4 x 256 VC-4 in BG-64 ADM-64/MADM-16
BG implements hardware-based subnet connection protection on all interfaces.
Switch to protection time is in less than 50 msec.
The BG-20 cross-connect matrix supports nonblocking HO/LO cross connects
(4/3/1), while the input and output bandwidth capacity of the cross-connect
matrix is 32 VC-4. With dynamic bandwidth assignment, all modules can share
the 16 x VC-4 cross-connect matrix with maximum efficiency.
In the BG-30, the high-capacity, nonblocking 4/4/3/1 HO/LO cross-connect
matrix is located in the XIO30 redundant cards. Based on the type of XIO30
card, different matrix cores are utilized, as follows:
 In the XIO30_1 and the XIO30_4, the matrix core utilizes 16 VC-4
equivalents (4/4/3/1) and provides STM-1 or STM-4 optical interfaces.
 In the XIO30_16, the matrix core utilizes 96 VC-4 equivalents (4/4/3/1)
and provides STM-4 or STM-16 optical interface.
 In the XIO30Q_1&4, the matrix core utilizes 96 VC-4 equivalents (4/4/3/1)
and provides four STM-1 or STM-4 optical interfaces.
In the BG-64, the high-capacity, nonblocking 4/4/3/1 HO/LO cross-connect
matrix is located in the XIO64 redundant cards. Based on the type of XIO64
card, different matrix cores are utilized, as follows:
 In the XIO64 and the matrix core utilizes 256 VC-4 equivalents (4/4/3/1)
and provides an STM-64 optical interface.
 In the XIO16_4, the matrix core utilizes 256 VC-4 equivalents (4/4/3/1)
and provides four STM-16 optical interfaces.

Description
TDM Configuration Options

BG supports mesh, ring, star, and linear topologies. All system configurations
are controlled by a single network management system with end-to-end service
provisioning.
The BG-20 has 16 VC-4 x 16 VC-4 HO/LO full cross-connect matrices that
support service aggregation from 64 Kbps to 622 Mbps, and flexible cross
connection at each level, such as DS-0, VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4. This
translates into unique advantages in service distribution and network
expansion. In addition, users can adopt initial network solutions at minimal
cost and upgrade their networks according to service development. The BG-20
can be configured to operate as a single ADM/TM and as a multi-ADM/TM.
The BG-30’s outstanding grooming capabilities (from 2 Mbps up to a full
2.5 Gbps in two types of switching fabric) make it particularly suitable for
traffic adjustments and network expansions. This matchless combination
shrinks the amount of required network resources and reduces bottlenecks in
metro-access and cellular hub sites. The platform features common I/O slots
and hot-swappable modules for numerous topology combinations, bitrates,
protection schemes, and ports or protocols for any required service.
Furthermore, it allows you to build-as-you-grow, since the elements are
primarily deployed with minimal configuration and may be expanded as
network traffic demands grow.
The BG-64 µMSPP features 10 Gbps/STM-64 interfaces. It reduces the number
of access loops required while enabling future-proof optimal aggregation of
triple play services. The platform supports a wide range of legacy TDM
services from 64 Kbps to STM-64 with full LO/HO non-blocking 40 Gbps
matrix and an optional 1/0 matrix
Single ADM/TM Mode

In the ADM/TM mode, BG provides classic SDH multiplexing functionality. It
operates at the STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and STM-64 line bitrates. In all
modes, the BG matrix provides full nonblocking connectivity, allowing high
flexibility to traffic changes, efficient aggregation and network utilization, and
simplified network operation.
Although powerful in its initial configuration, a simple BG ADM/TM is
future-proof, with a variety of expansion options:
 When traffic demand grows, the ADM or TM can be upgraded from TM-1
to STM-64 on the same shelf.
 When new rings need to be deployed, the same element can be upgraded to
a multi-ADM, closing several rings.
 When new bandwidth-hungry and data-oriented services are added, the
simple addition of a daughterboard or I/O cards in the BG unit and/or
extension units supporting additional cards and bandwidth is available.

Description
To operate the BG unit as a TM, a single aggregate is required. To operate it as

an ADM, two aggregates are used.
BG can be configured as a protected TM with two aggregate interfaces working
in MSP 1+1 configuration.
Multi-ADM and Multi TM Modes

A multi-ADM approach assures more granular and scalable bandwidth at much
lower cost than traditional ADM services. The ability to deliver this over an
existing SDH network means carriers can minimize their investment in new
infrastructure as they deliver carrier class reliability, scalability, and
manageability. The multi-ADM configuration is ideal for hub sites that close
several rings.
When configured as a multi-TM, BG replaces several TMs, terminating the
SDH line and delivering lower-rate services to end users. This configuration is
suitable for multipoint hubbing applications.
Figure 3-1: BG as a multi-ADM/TM

Description
Power Feed Subsystem

BG features a distributed power feed subsystem. This distributed power
concept assures system upgrading and efficient heat distribution. It also ensures
maximum reliability of the power feed interface.
In the BG-20 product, two external power inputs are available: the INF_20 and
the AC_CONV-20. The INF_20 is a power filter function for DC power feed of
the BG-20. The AC_CONV-20 is an AC/DC conversion unit for AC power
feed of the BG-20. The INF-20 supports dual power feed and under/over
voltage alarm and shutdown. Both power modules supply power for the fans
with three configurable voltage levels and are field-extractable.
In the BG-30 product, two INF_30 power feed modules serve as a redundant
interconnection device between the BG-30 cards and -48 VDC power sources.
The main purpose of this unit is to decouple the noise generated/received from
the DC power source lines. Each INF_30 has an external power input. The
filter is connected to a power input to distribute the -48 VDC battery plant
input to all cards via fully redundant power buses. Each card of the BG-30
generates its own local voltage using high-quality DC/DC converters.
In the BG-64 product, two INF_64 power feed modules serve as a redundant
interconnection device between the BG-64 cards and -48 VDC power sources.
The main purpose of this unit is to decouple the noise generated/received from
the DC power source lines. Each INF_64 has an external power input. The
filter is connected to a power input to distribute the -48 VDC battery plant
input to all cards via fully redundant power buses. Each card of the BG-64
generates its own local voltage using high-quality DC/DC converters.
Additional features of the power-feed subsystem include:
 Reverse polarity protection
 Overvoltage alarm and protection
 Undervoltage alarm and protection
 Redundancy between INF units
 Hot swapping
 Power-fail detection and 10 msec holdup
 Lightning-strike protection
 Redundant fan power supply with adjustable voltages

Description
Engineering Orderwire
The Engineering Orderwire (BG-OW) provides 64 Kbps voice communication
channels between NEs through E1, E2, or F1 bytes in the STM-n interface
overhead, or via clear channels (in Framed E1 mode) provisioned between
NEs.
The BG-OW facility is based on a telephone “party line” concept, where all
connected parties, typically technicians, can participate in concurrent voice
based service calls. As such, it enables one or more technicians to make calls
simultaneously using dedicated orderwire (OW) channels rather than regular
SDH lines.
OW lines are normally used between a remote site and a central office during
initial installation of the system, or when no telephone line is available. All
calls are bidirectional.
The interface between the BG-OW and the BG shelf is based on a framed E1
interface. A special cable connects between the host BG unit and the BG-OW
unit providing the E1 connection. The framed E1 carries various information
from/to the BG-OW unit.
The OW module consists of an integrated Dual Tone MultiFrequency (DTMF)
handset, cable connections, and configuration interfaces. No other ancillary
equipment is required.

4
BG Platform Layout
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 4-1
BG-20 .............................................................................................................. 4-2
BG-30 .............................................................................................................. 4-9
BG-64 ............................................................................................................ 4-14
Overview
This chapter describes each platform in the BG family. BG platforms are
organized into three groups – the BG-20, a miniature optical service access
platform, the BG-30, a scaleable optical service access platform, and the BG-64
supper compact cost-effective broad range optical service access platform.
BG shelves have been designed to facilitate simple installation and easy
maintenance. Hot insertion of cards and modules is allowed to support quick
maintenance and repair activities without affecting traffic. The cage design and
mechanical practice of all platforms conform to international mechanical
standards and specifications.
NOTE: The BG Product Line supports operation in extended

temperature range of -25 ºC to +70 ºC (in accordance with
ETS 300 019 1 3 Class 3.3) for specific outdoor
configurations.

BG Platform Layout BroadGate Product Line General
Description
BG-20
The BG-20 is a miniature, low-cost, flexible ADM1/4 MSPP for access
networks, offered as part of the overall ECI Telecom solution.
The BG-20 platform includes two parts: BG-20B and BG-20E. BG-20B is the
base unit and can be deployed independently; BG-20E is the expansion unit
which can be added on top of BG-20B to provide more services and interfaces.
BG-20C Overview
BG-20C is a miniature, cost-effective demarcation platform; it is a small
TM/ADM-1/4 containing E1s and Ethernet L2 with MPLS capability.
The BG-20C shelf is housed in a 224 mm deep, 223.5 mm wide, and 44 mm
high equipment cage with all interfaces accessible from the front of the unit.
The shelf consists of a single MXC-20C card. The BG-20C can be installed in
2,200 mm or 2,600 mm ETSI racks or in 19" racks.
The BG-20C is available in two flavors according to the power supply:
 BG-20C_DC - operates from -48 VDC power feed, provides two
connectors for external power line connection, and supports dual power
feed for redundancy.
 BG-20C_AC - is fed from a 90-240 VAC power source, supports external
power line connection through a special power connector.
Figure 4-1: BG-20C_DC option
Figure 4-2: BG-20C_AC option

BroadGate Product Line General BG Platform Layout
Description
The BG-20C is a single board system, all traffic interfaces are housed on the
MXC-20C card and are identical on both BG-20C options, including:
 21 x E1 1, 120 Ω
 4 x 10/100BaseT interfaces
 2 x STM-1/4 interfaces, SFP based.
BG-20B Overview
The BG-20B platform is housed in a 243 mm deep, 440 mm wide, and 44 mm
high equipment cage with all interfaces accessible from the front of the unit.
The platform consists of a matrix card, a power feed module, one traffic
daughter slot, and one traffic connector connecting the BG-20B and the
BG-20E or BGW-20E. The BG-20 can be installed in 2,200 mm or 2,600 mm
ETSI racks or in 19” racks.
Figure 4-3: BG-20B front view
The MXC-20 integrates a XC matrix, timing unit, 2 x STM-1/STM-4

interfaces, and 21 x E1 interfaces. There are two different types of MXC-20
card: MXC-20_L1 and MXC-20_L2M, each with different Ethernet service
capabilities. The BG-20B therefore has two configuration modes depending on
the MXC-20 card used:
 BG-20B_L1: MXC-20 integrates 21 x E1 ports, 2 x STM-1/STM-4 ports,
and 6 x FE ports with Layer 1 functionality.
 BG-20B_L2M: MXC-20 integrates 21 x E1 ports, 2 x STM-1/STM-4 ports,
and 6 x FE ports with Layer 2 and MPLS functionality.
The BG-20B houses one traffic slot supporting different types of PDH, SDH,
and Ethernet interface modules.
1
MXC-20C can provide only balanced E1 interfaces directly. For unbalanced E1 interfaces, an external DDF with
balanced-to-unbalanced conversion should be used.

Description
Either 220 VAC or -48 VDC power feeds can be selected. The -48 VDC power
feed supports a dual-channel power supply. BG-20B has one slot that is used
for configuring the power input module. Two types can be configured:
 INF_20B, used in -48 VDC power feed, provides two D-type connectors
for external power line connection and supports dual power feed.
 AC_CONV-20B, used in 90-240 VAC power feed to implement AC/DC
conversion, supports external power line connection through a special
power connector.
The BG-20B has one traffic slot that can be configured with the following
traffic modules:
 SMD1H: dual-port STM-1 supporting optical or electrical STM-1
interfaces by installing the appropriate SFPs; supports hot swapping.
 OMS4H: single-port STM-4 supporting optical SFP modules with LC
connectors; supports hot swapping.
 ME1_42H: 42-port balanced 120 Ω E1; supports hot swapping.
 ME1_21H: 21-port balanced 120 Ω E1; supports hot swapping.
 M345_3: Triple E3/DS-3. Each interface can be configured separately to
E3 or DS-3.
 MEoP_4H: 4-port EoP module with total WAN bandwidth of 32 x E1 and
Layer 2 functionality. Each Ethernet port supports a 10/100BaseT
interface; supports hot swapping.
 MGE_1_L1: EoS module with one GbE combo port with total WAN
bandwidth of 4 x VC-4 and Layer 1 functionality; interface is copper and
optical selectable. 1000BaseT through an RJ-45 connector,
1000BaseSX/LX/ZX through SFP module.
 ME_2G_4F: Layer 2/MPLS module supporting MPLS feature overlay
with two GbE combo ports, two FE ports, and two FX ports. The GbE ports
are configurable electrical (RJ45) or optical (SFP). The module supports
64 EoS/MoT ports with total WAN bandwidth of 4 x VC-4.

Description
The following table lists the modules that can be configured in each slot of the
BG-20B.
Table 4-1: BG-20B cards and modules
Name Description MS DS PS
BG-20B_L1 Cross-connect, timing control, √
21 x E1/T1, 6 x FE L1, and
2 x STM-1/STM-4 interface card
BG-20B_L2M Cross-connect, timing control, √
21 x E1/T1, 6 x FE L2 with MPLS
capability, and 2 x STM-1/STM-4
interface card
SMD1H 2 x STM-1o/e module √
OMS4H 1 x STM-4 module √
ME1_42H 42 x E1/T1 module, 120 Ω √
ME1_21H 21 x E1/T1 module, 120 Ω √
M345_3 3 x E3/DS-3 module √
MEoP_4H 4 x EoP module with total WAN √
bandwidth of 32 x E1/T1 and L2
functionality
MGE_1_L1 1 x combo GbE module with total √
WAN bandwidth of 4 x VC-4 and
L1 functionality
ME_2G_4F 2 x combo GbE, 2 x FE, and √
2 x FX module with total WAN
bandwidth of 4 x VC-4 with L2
and MPLS functionality
INF_20B Power filter unit (-48 VDC) √
AC_CONV-20B Power conversion unit (220 VAC) √

Description
BG-30E Overview
The BG-30E shelf is housed in a 243 mm deep, 443.4 mm wide, and 88.9 mm
high equipment cage with all interfaces accessible from the front. The shelf
consists of three expansion cards, redundant power feed modules, and an
extractable fan module. All cards in the BG-30E are connected using a
backplane that supports one traffic connector for the connection between the
BG-30E and the BG-30B or BG-64.
NOTE: the BG-30E can be used to expand traffic for the

BG-30B and BG-64 shelves. All information described for
the BG-30E is applicable for both shelves.
A BG-30E shelf is an extension or slave unit of the BG-30B or BG-64 and

should always be connected to one of these shelves. The fan unit, used to cool
the system, is extractable and located on the right side of the shelf. The fan
control system is on the MCP30 or MCP64 in accordance with the type of shelf
it is being installed on.
Figure 4-4: BG-30E front view
The BG-30E houses three traffic expansion slots supporting different types of
PDH, SDH, data, and PCM interface expansion cards.
Either 220 VAC or -48 VDC power feeds can be selected. BG-30E has one slot
that is used for configuring the power input module. Two types can be
configured: INF_30E and AC_CONV-30E:
 INF_30E, used for -48 VDC power feed, provides two D-type connectors
for external power line connection, and supports dual power feed.
 AC_CONV-30E is used for 220 VAC power feed to implement AC/DC
conversion. It supports external power line connection through a special
power connector.
NOTE: Adding a BG-30E expansion unit to a working

BG-30B in the field is a non-traffic-affecting operation.

Description
BG-20E Overview
The BG-20E shelf is housed in a 243 mm deep, 440 mm wide, and 88.9 mm
consists of three expansion cards, a power feed module, and one Mini
Backplane for the connection between the BG-20B and the BG-20E. A
BG-20E shelf is an extension or slave unit of BG-20 and should always be
connected to a BG-20B shelf.
PDH, SDH, Data, or PCM interface expansion cards.
The fan unit, used to cool the system, is located on the right side of the shelf.
The fan control system is on the MXC20.
power connector.


Description
BG-20E Expansion Traffic Cards

The BG-20E has three expansion card slots that can be configured with
expansion cards such as PE1_63, P345_3E, MPS_2G_8F, SM_10E, and S1_4.
All expansion cards are accessible from the front and provide cabling directly
through the front panels. These extension cards support live insertion for fast
maintenance and recovery.
BG-20E.
Table 4-2: BG-20E cards
Name Description ES1 ES2 ES3 PS

2
PE1_63 63 x E1 card, 120 Ω √ √ √
P345_3E 3 x DS-3/E3 card √ √ √
MPS_2G_8F L2 card supporting 2 x GbE √ √ √
combo ports and 8 x
10/100BaseT ports, and up
to 64 EoS/MoT ports with
total bandwidth of 4 x VC-4
(MPLS ready)
DMCE1_32 CES card supporting 32 x E1 √ √ √
balanced interfaces on the
TDM side and a FE/GbE
combo port on the Ethernet
side
SM_10E DXC1/0 and PCM interfaces √ √ √
card
S1_4 4 × STM-1o/e card √ √ √
INF_20E Power filter unit (-48 VDC) √
AC_CONV-20E Power conversion unit √
(220 VAC)
2
This module/card can provide only balanced E1 interfaces directly. For unbalanced E1 interfaces, an external
DDF with balanced-to-unbalanced conversion should be used.

Description
BG-30
The BG-30 is a miniature, low-cost, flexible redundant multi ADM1/4/16
µMSPP for access networks, offered as part of the overall ECI Telecom
solution.
BG-30B Overview
The BG-30B platform is housed in a 243 mm deep, 440 mm wide, and 44.4
mm high equipment cage with all interfaces accessible from the front of the
unit.
Figure 4-6: BG-30B front view
The platform consists of the following:

 Two power supply modules slots
 One MCP30B slot
 Two XIO30 cards slots
 One fan unit slot
 Three traffic card slots (Tslots)
The BG-30B can be fed by either -48 VDC or 94 VAC to 240 VAC. In DC
power feeding, two INF-30B modules can be configured in two power supply
module slots for redundant power supply. AC power feeding requires the use of
the AC_CONV-30B to implement AC/DC conversion.
The BG-30B subrack can be expanded via an expansion unit, the BG-30E (also
used to expand the BG-64). The BG-30E contains two power supplies, a fan
unit, and three tributary slots. For a detailed description of the BG-30E, see
BG-30E Overview (on page 4-6) in the BroadGate General Description.

Description
The following table lists the modules that can be configured in each slot in the
BG-30B.
Table 4-3: BG-30B cards and modules
Name Description MS XS A&B TS1 to PS A&B FS

TS3
MCP30B Main control card √
XIO30_1 XC, timing control, and 1 x STM-1 √
interface card
XIO30_4 XC, timing control, and √
XIO30Q_1&4 XC, timing control, and √
SMD1B 2 x STM-1o/e module √
SMS4 1 x STM-4 module √
3
SMD4 2 x STM-4 module √
SMQ1&4 4 x STM-1/STM-4 module √
SMQ1 4 x STM-1 module √
SMS16 1 X STM-16 module √
4
PME1_21 21 x E1 module, 120 Ω √
5
PME1_63 63 x E1 module, 120 Ω √
PM345_3 3 x E3/DS-3 module √
DMFE_4_L1 4 x 10/100BaseT module, √
L1 functionality
DMFX_4_L1 4 x 100BaseFX module, √
L1 functionality
L2 functionality (MPLS ready)
DMGE_1_L1 1 x combo GbE module, √
L1 functionality
DMGE_4_L1 4 x GbE module, L1 functionality √
3
Module is supported in slots TS2 and TS3 only.
4
5

Description
Name Description MS XS A&B TS1 to PS A&B FS

TS3
(MPLS ready)
(MPLS ready)
DMEoP_4 4 x EoP module with total WAN √
bandwidth of 32 x E1 and
L2 functionality
DMCES1_4 CES module with 4 x STM-1 ports √
on the TDM side and a GbE port
on the Ethernet side
INF_30B Power filter unit (-48 VDC) √
INF_30BH Power filter unit (-48 VDC) √
(high-power applications)
AC_CONV-30B Power conversion unit (220 VAC) √
FCU_30B Fan and control unit √
FCU_30BH Fan and control unit (high-power √
applications)

Description
BG-30E Overview
The BG-30E shelf is housed in a 243 mm deep, 443.4 mm wide, and 88.9 mm
consists of three expansion cards, redundant power feed modules, and an
extractable fan module. All cards in the BG-30E are connected using a
backplane that supports one traffic connector for the connection between the
BG-30E and the BG-30B or BG-64.
NOTE: the BG-30E can be used to expand traffic for the

BG-30B and BG-64 shelves. All information described for
the BG-30E is applicable for both shelves.
A BG-30E shelf is an extension or slave unit of the BG-30B or BG-64 and

should always be connected to one of these shelves. The fan unit, used to cool
the system, is extractable and located on the right side of the shelf. The fan
control system is on the MCP30 or MCP64 in accordance with the type of shelf
it is being installed on.
PDH, SDH, data, and PCM interface expansion cards.
power connector.


Description

The BG-30E has three expansion card slots, which can be configured with
expansion cards such as PE1_63, P345_3E, MPS_2G_8F, SM_10E, S1_4,
S4_1, TP21_2, and TPS1_1 cards. All expansion cards are accessible from the
front and provide cabling directly through the front panels. These extension
cards support live insertion for fast maintenance and recovery.
BG-30E.
Table 4-4: List of modules for BG-30E
Name Description ES1 ES2 ES3 PS FS

6
PE1_63 63 x E1 card, 120 Ω √ √ √
P345_3E 3 x DS-3/E3 card √ √ √
MPS_2G_8F L2/MPLS card supporting 2 x √ √ √
GbE combo ports and 8 x
10/100BaseT ports, and up to
64 EoS/MoT ports with total
bandwidth of 4 x VC-4
side
card
(N × 64 Kbps)
S1_4 4 × STM-1o/e card √ √ √
7
S4_1 1 × STM-4o card √ √ √
TP21_2 8 21 x E1 IOP card √ √ √
TPS1_1 3 x E3/DS-3, 4 x STM-1/e IOP √ √ √
card
TP63_1 63 x E1 IOP card √
OBC Optical base card with two √ √ √
sub-slots for optical amplifiers
and one sub-slot for DCM
modules
6
7
Supported only for BG-30E installed on BG-30B.
8

Description

AC_CONV_30E Power conversion unit √
(220 VAC)
FCU_30E Fan and control unit √
BG-64
The BG-64 is a miniature, low-cost, flexible redundant ADM-64/MADM-16
MSPP for access networks, offered as part of the overall ECI Telecom solution.
It supports interoperability with the XDM Product Line and BG Product Line
in all aspects, including SDH, PDH, data, DCC, management, and other
net-wide functions.
BG-64 Overview
The BG-64 platform is housed in a 243 mm deep, 442.4 mm wide, and 88
.9mm high equipment cage with all interfaces accessible from the front of the
unit.
Figure 4-8: BG-64 front view
The platform consists of the following:

 Two power supply (INF_64) module slots
 One MCP64 slot
 Two XIO64 card slots
 One fan unit (FCU_64) slot
 Seven traffic card slots (Tslots)
The BG-64 is fed by -48 VDC power sources. Two INF-64 modules can be
configured in two power supply module slots for redundant power supply.

Description
The BG-64 subrack can be expanded via an expansion unit, the BG-30E (the
same used to expand the BG-30B). The BG-30E contains two power supplies, a
fan unit, and three tributary slots. For a detailed description of the BG-30E, see
BG-30E Overview (on page 4-6) in the BroadGate General Description.
The following table lists the modules that can be configured in each slot in the
BG-64.
Table 4-5: BG-64 cards and modules
Name Description MS XS TS1 to TS7 PS FS

A&B A&B
MCP64 Main control card √
XIO64 XC, timing control, and √
1 x STM-64 interface card
4 x STM-16/4/1 interface card
SMQ1&4 4 x STM-1/STM-4 module √
SMQ1 4 x STM-1 module √
SMS16 1 x STM-16 module √
9
PME1_21 21 x E1 module, 120 Ω √
10
PME1_63 63 x E1 module, 120 Ω √
PM345_3 3 x E3/DS-3 module √
L1 functionality
L1 functionality
(MPLS ready)
(MPLS ready)
DMGE_8_L2 11 8 x GbE module, L2 functionality TS1+TS2,
TS6+TS7
(MPLS ready)
9
10
11
This is a double-slot module and can be installed only in slot pairs TS1+TS2 and TS6+TS7 of the XDM-300.

Description
Name Description MS XS TS1 to TS7 PS FS

A&B A&B
DMXE_48_L2 12 8 x GbE + 4 x 10 GbE module, TS1+TS2,
TS6+TS7
DMEoP_4 4 x EoP module with total WAN √
bandwidth of 32 x E1 and
L2 functionality
DMCES1_4 CES module with 4 x STM-1 ports √
on the TDM side and a GbE port
on the Ethernet side
INF_64 Power filter unit (-48 VDC) √
FCU_64 Fan and control unit √

The BG-30E has three expansion card slots, which can be configured with
expansion cards such as PE1_63, P345_3E, MPS_2G_8F, SM_10E, S1_4,
S4_1, TP21_2, and TPS1_1 cards. All expansion cards are accessible from the
front and provide cabling directly through the front panels. These extension
cards support live insertion for fast maintenance and recovery.
BG-30E.
Table 4-6: List of modules for BG-30E

13
PE1_63 63 x E1 card, 120 Ω √ √ √
P345_3E 3 x DS-3/E3 card √ √ √
MPS_2G_8F L2/MPLS card supporting 2 √ √ √
x GbE combo ports and 8 x
10/100BaseT ports, and up
to 64 EoS/MoT ports with
total bandwidth of 4 x VC-4
side
card (N × 64 Kbps)
12
This is a double-slot module and can be installed only in slot pairs TS1+TS2 and TS6+TS7 of the XDM-300.
13

Description

S1_4 4 × STM-1o/e card √ √ √
14
S4_1 1 × STM-4o card √ √ √
15
TP21_2 21 x E1 IOP card √ √ √
TPS1_1 3 x E3/DS-3, 4 x STM-1/e √ √ √
IOP card
TP63_1 63 x E1 IOP card √
OBC Optical base card with two √ √ √
sub-slots for optical
amplifiers and one sub-slot
for DCM modules
AC_CONV_30E Power conversion unit √
(220 VAC)
FCU_30E Fan and control unit √
14
15

Description

5
Ethernet and MPLS
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 5-2
Carrier Ethernet Data Value Proposition ......................................................... 5-3
What is MPLS?................................................................................................ 5-4
What is MPLS-TP?.......................................................................................... 5-6
Carrier Ethernet with MPLS Technology ........................................................ 5-9
Hierarchical VPLS for Scalability ................................................................. 5-10
E2E MPLS Service over IP/MPLS Core ....................................................... 5-12
Quality of Service .......................................................................................... 5-13
Traffic Management and Performance .......................................................... 5-13
Selective FDB Flush ...................................................................................... 5-16
E-Tree (Rooted-Multipoint) Service.............................................................. 5-17
BroadGate Product Line Ethernet Cards ....................................................... 5-21
Applications and MEF Services .................................................................... 5-25
Circuit Emulation Services (CES) ................................................................. 5-31
Timing and Synchronaization ........................................................................ 5-33
Network Connectivity Fault Management..................................................... 5-34
Access Control List ....................................................................................... 5-37
Port Mirroring ................................................................................................ 5-38
User Benefits with MPLS Enabled Cards ..................................................... 5-38
Unique Value Proposition ............................................................................. 5-39

Ethernet and MPLS BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Overview
The volume and patterns of telecommunication traffic are constantly changing.
Volume is growing exponentially, with most of the expansion driven by new
data services for businesses together with new residential triple play services
(voice, video, and HSI) offered by both fixed and mobile SPs. The data
services in greatest demand include:
 Business Applications: Enterprises need increasing bandwidth to support
new applications like VoIP, video conferencing, instant messaging, file
sharing, and very high speed connections to the Internet and between
geographically dispersed branches. ISPs and other Application Service
Providers (ASPs), such as Storage Service Providers, require data
connectivity to connect their POPs and reach their customers.
 Residential Triple Play: Always on the lookout for new revenues while
trying to keep their positioning competitive, SPs are extending their
business model to offer triple play service bundles including voice, HSI,
and video (IPTV and VoD). While downlink is still the dominant channel,
more and more bandwidth is also required for uplink to support
peer-to-peer applications.
 Mobile: Data traffic growth in mobile networks is driven by several
factors. Mobile Internet is gaining momentum, as well as new multimedia
applications like mobile TV, gaming, and Multimedia Messaging Service
(MMS). The shift to 3G-based IP infrastructures for delivering more
bandwidth at a lower cost per bit is another factor. In addition, mobile
operators are expanding into new businesses, exploiting their massive
presence in metro areas to provide business services and to lease bandwidth
(Carrier of Carrier CoC service).
To meet these evolving demands, telecommunications is moving from voice
PSTN to VoIP, from TDM leased lines to Ethernet VPNs, from TDM-based 2G
and 2.5G mobile networks to 3G/4G data networks and from simple BE HSI
access to advanced triple play networks for SMB, enterprise, and home use.
Today's challenge is to build an infrastructure that maximizes bandwidth
capacity while minimizing costs. Operators must provide a carrier class
standard of service with more bandwidth at less cost per bit, and still get a
satisfactory ROI.

BroadGate Product Line General Ethernet and MPLS
Description
This is where Ethernet/MPLS solutions come into play. ECI Telecom's MSPP
platforms provide a cost-effective way to provide carrier class Ethernet-based
services supporting scalability, reliability, and the strict QoS requirements
dictated by modern communication applications.
Figure 5-1: All-range carrier class MPLS/Ethernet data solution
Carrier Ethernet Data Value

Proposition
The carrier class Ethernet data functionality provided by the BroadGate offers
the following unique value propositions:
 Complete solution portfolio, supporting Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS for
residential, cellular, and business applications, access/RAN to core.
Offering E2E carrier class solutions with high reliability, five 9s service
availability, and assured service delivery.
 Operational efficiency with point-and-click service creation, E2E service
provisioning, resource management (Connection Admission Control
(CAC)), Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG), and network-wide protection.
 Low TCO providing a cost-effective solution that includes:
 Reduced OPEX and CAPEX through convergence of multiple
networks (TDM, carrier class Ethernet, WDM) and multiple services.
 Optimized triple play solutions and IPTV bandwidth efficiency.
 Lower cost per port compared to other carrier class solutions.

Description
 SP revenue generation through any market segment with any service:

 Triple play: VoIP, IPTV, VoD, and HSI.
 Business: VPLS, H-VPLS, VPWS, P2P EoS.
 Mobile aggregation: 3G Ethernet-based services.
 Wholesale: bandwidth services, leased line services.
 Client security segregation, with each client within its own Ethernet
switch, using thousands of virtual switches.
 Future-readiness for evolution to a carrier class solution with MPLS-TP.
Software-upgradable for future services.
What is MPLS?
MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism for transporting data
using a connection-oriented approach. Standardized by the IETF, MPLS is a
scalable protocol-agnostic mechanism designed to carry both circuit and packet
traffic over virtual circuits known as LSPs. MPLS fits into the category of
packet-switched networks, falling in between the traditional OSI definitions of
the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and the Network Layer (Layer 3). MPLS makes
packet-forwarding decisions based on the contents of the label without
examining the packet itself.
MPLS provides a unified data-carrying service for circuit-like packet-switching
client data. MPLS can be used to carry many different kinds of traffic,
including IP packets, native ATM, and Ethernet frames. MPLS has gradually
been replacing traditional transport technologies, such as frame relay and
ATM, mostly because it is better aligned with current and future technology
needs.
Many network operators now deploy MPLS networks in response to the
massive continued growth of data traffic, the demand for complete service
offerings, and the development of network convergence strategies. Ethernet
interfaces and Ethernet/MPLS services are the main toolbox supporting the
MPLS network operator's strategic goals.
MPLS addresses the needs of metro area SPs with a cost-effective solution that
supports all services with carrier class capabilities. MPLS addresses all key
attributes defined by MEF for carrier Ethernet:
 Hard QoS, assuring service delivery with the right quality. MPLS is
connection-oriented, with intelligent traffic engineering (TE) and CAC, for
true E2E differentiated service for multiple CoS.
 Reliability, with <50 msec FRR for failed nodes or links.
 Scalability, for both number of elements and services, with one 20-bit
MPLS tag supporting 1 M service roots.

Description
 Smooth E2E service management, with ITU-T Y.1711 and IEEE 802.1ag
allowing verification of tunnel status.
 MEF services are supported, including E-Line, E-LAN, and E-Tree.
 Legacy services such as ATM, Frame Relay, and TDM are all supported.
Figure 5-2: Carrier Ethernet characteristics
However, until recently MPLS encountered difficulties expanding beyond the

network core towards the metro and access domains. This was mainly due to
two reasons:
 The historical linkage between MPLS and IP switch/routers. SPs were
reluctant to introduce these high cost NEs on a large scale. Introduction of
IP elements would also impose a steep learning curve on metro network
managers needing to adapt to an IP configuration.
 The distributed control plane was another discouraging factor. SPs were
reluctant to pay the cost associated with having control plan functionality
distributed and integrated into each node across an MPLS-based network,
and were reluctant to relinquish network control.
To address these hesitations, MPLS-TP has been introduced.

Description
What is MPLS-TP?
MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is an MPLS profile currently being
defined under the auspices of the IETF and ITU-T. The emerging MPLS-TP
standard aims to define a feature list most relevant for transport networks and
to support packet transport services with a degree of predictability similar to
that found in existing transport networks.
MPLS-TP is a connection-oriented packet-switched (CO-PS) application for
Layer 2 transport network technology that incorporates elements of both MPLS
and PW architectures, such as the MPLS forwarding paradigm and PW
Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) client mapping. MPLS-TP is based on the
same architectural principles of layered networking used in transport network
technologies like SDH, SONET, and OTN.
The MPLS-TP design is a natural extension of work begun by ITU-T (SG15),
in a process similar to the development of T-MPLS. In February 2008 the
ITU-T and IETF agreed to work jointly on the MPLS-TP design. Specifications
will be defined in a number of RFCs. Many SPs are now requiring an
infrastructure that will also be capable of supporting MPLS-TP.
MPLS-TP is initially planned as a low-cost Layer 2 technology that provides
QoS, E2E OAM, and protection switching. Features not relevant to CO-PS
applications are removed, including:
 Connectionless models
 IP in data plane
 Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) for E2E OAM
Additional mechanisms supporting critical transport functionality are added,
including supplemental OAM, resiliency, bidirectional LSPs, new protection
schemes, and control/management features that enable maximum synergy with
existing optical transport network operations and management paradigms.
Essential features of MPLS-TP include:
 Based on strict CO-PS network technology.
 Operates independently of clients and associated control networks, enabling
network operators to maintain a clear separation between their own robust
packet transport network designs and the services and means used to carry
customer traffic.
 May support a wide range of client layer networks and server layer
networks, including OTH, SDH, PDH, and ETH.
 Robust OAM capabilities and resilience mechanisms without reliance upon
use of a control plane.
 Connection management via management or control plane.
 Common management and control of multilayer packet and optical
transport networks.

Description
MPLS-TP uses the MPLS header with standard label swapping and stacking
and PWE3 mapping, supporting P2P, P2MP, and MP2MP connections that
match the ones already defined for MPLS and H-VPLS architectures.
MPLS-TP also supports bidirectional P2P connections (bidirectional LSPs) by
matching forward and backward connections along the same path. MPLS-TP
does not use MP2MP LSPs, Electronic Commerce Messaging Protocol
(ECMP), or PHP.
MPLS-TP QoS mechanisms are the same as those of MPLS-Traffic
Engineering (TE). MPLS-TP applies QoS on a per-connection basis. When
working with hierarchical LSPs, QoS is managed independently at each level.
The MPLS-TP protocol enables more affordable E2E MPLS deployments by
streamlining operations models and consolidating/simplifying network
topologies. For example, one of the key elements is eliminating the cost of
control plane functionality being distributed and integrated into each node
across an MPLS-based network and replacing it with a more affordable
transport-oriented static configuration through a transport-grade NMS. This
helps operators reduce their OPEX significantly and get networks ready to
offer real convergence of NG services.

Description
ECI Telecom, as a leader in MPLS technology, is participating in the standards

development process as it unfolds. ECI Telecom's MPLS components are
designed to be future proof, capable of incorporating and supporting new
standard requirements as they are defined. ECI Telecom is one of the first
vendors in the industry to implement MPLS-TP across all of its transport
products, including CESRs, P-OTSs, and optical MSPPs, a holistic approach to
network design and configuration. ECI Telecom is the first vendor to roll out
MPLS-TP alongside IP/MPLS on a CESR platform within a working
commercial network, an integrated approach that provides smooth
interoperability of MPLS-TP with IP/MPLS.
Figure 5-3: MPLS-TP in an E2E network configuration

Description
Carrier Ethernet with MPLS

Technology
Many network operators have started to deploy MPLS networks that provide a
cost-effective solution supporting all services with carrier class capabilities and
significant OPEX and CAPEX reduction.
Benefits of MPLS for network operators include:
 Reduced OPEX through integration of multiple networks over a single
converged MPLS network.
 Increased revenue generation for both current and new Ethernet services,
such as VPLS VPNs (E-LAN), E-Lines, and multicast trees.
 Assured QoS for triple play, IPTV, VoD, business, and other services
through MPLS-TE capability.
 Efficient provisioning of customer services and VPNs.
 SLAs extended with meaningful performance-related criteria.
 Enhanced network and service scalability and performance.
 Secured services through MPLS tunneling and VPN segregation.
MPLS technology is used to carry Ethernet service across the network metro
and core. MPLS as a transport layer for Ethernet service (rather than using
Ethernet as both transport and service layers) enhances Ethernet service
through:
 Increased Ethernet scalability: MPLS supports hundreds of thousands of
Ethernet services, removing VLAN and Media Access Control (MAC)
scalability limitations.
 Enhanced Ethernet QoS: MPLS-TE and CAC solutions enable Ethernet
service to offer differentiated services with the appropriate QoS or
experience. This is accomplished through MPLS-TE controlling required
service parameters such as delay, delay variation, and loss.
 Improved Ethernet service protection: MPLS supports sub-50 msec link
and node protection, the lowest common denominator requirement for
all-service protection.

Description
Hierarchical VPLS for Scalability

Classic VPLS service creates a full mesh of LSPs and PWs between all PEs in
the network. Under certain circumstances, this may not be the most efficient
use of network resources.
Figure 5-4: VPLS network configuration
With H-VPLS, the network is split into multiple VPLS domains. Spoke nodes
are connected only to their hubs, and full mesh is only created between hub
nodes. Traffic may be routed between tunnels of different VPLS domains. This
efficient approach improves MP2MP service scaling and allows less powerful
devices such as access switches to be used as spoke nodes, since it removes the
burden of unnecessary connections.
Figure 5-5: Typical H-VPLS topology
H-VPLS enables connections between VPLS domains. H-VPLS defines a

hierarchy of VPLS domains and allows MPLS-level connectivity between
them, providing VPLS network scalability, hierarchical partitioning, and
interoperability.

Description
BroadGate Product Line platforms support static H-VPLS over MoT and MoE
interfaces, based on IETF standard RFC 4762. BroadGate Product Line
platforms also support an enhanced H-VPLS feature enabling definitions of
multiple SHGs with traffic switching between these groups.
The BroadGate Product Line H-VPLS implementation supports both two-tier
H-VPLS (hub and spoke) and multidomain H-VPLS. The following figure
illustrates an example of a network where the MCS gateway supports multiple
H-VPLS domains. Within each domain, member nodes are connected in a full
mesh VPLS. Each domain is connected to other NEs using H-VPLS. Multiple
domains are connected through each MCS gateway card.
Figure 5-6: Multiple H-VPLS domains

Description
E2E MPLS Service over IP/MPLS

Core
Full E2E network deployments require smooth interoperability between all the
different network regions, technologies, and implementations. For example,
communications networks must be able to smoothly integrate IP/MPLS in the
core with MPLS in the metro regions and PB in the access rings. ECI Telecom
platforms are all managed through the powerful LightSoft NMS, providing
smooth E2E network management for every element in your network
configuration.
Figure 5-7: Smooth E2E network interoperability
Smooth Integration with Third-Party

Elements
Telecommunications networks today are complex entities, usually
incorporating elements from a wide range of sources including third-party
equipment. ECI Telecom MCS data cards support smooth integration and
interworking with networks based on third-party equipment.
MCS cards support E-LSP tunnels for both MoE and MoT, the MPLS
infrastructure currently most popular with SPs. MCS cards integrate smoothly
with third-party PB access networks, providing fully compliant support for
RSTP (802.1D) on all ETY and EoS port types (UNI, E-NNI, I-NNI) as well as
ERP on EoS I-NNI ports.
Full support for MoE, as well as standardized tunnel and PW labeling, enables
smooth data plane interworking with third-party MPLS switches in all network
regions, access to core. Optional S-VLAN encapsulation of MPLS traffic
enables transparent transport of MCS tunnels over PB networks.

Description
Quality of Service
The TM supports the following QoS mechanisms:
 Eight CoS levels per port used for service differentiation, maximizing SLA
diversity and optimizing packet handling throughout the network.
 Queuing, with 128 K queues per MCS, for true E2E bandwidth guarantees
per MPLS tunnel.
 WRED mechanism for TCP-friendly congestion management.
 Shaping that provides rate limiting and burst smoothing.
 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) scheduling mechanism, ensuring that
bandwidth is distributed fairly between individual queues.
Traffic Management and

Performance
Intelligent TM enables reliable provision of different SLA levels. For example,
policer profiles encapsulating the bandwidth parameters defined for Ethernet
services are one of the tools used by TM, allowing greater flexibility when
managing different customer scenarios. Bandwidth allocations and traffic
priority can be configured per ingress or egress UNI ports, as well as per port,
per EVC, and per CoS. This hierarchical approach is illustrated in the following
figure.
Figure 5-8: Traffic management with policer profiles

Description
Some of the TM tools utilized by the BroadGate platforms include:

 Classification: A method for categorizing network traffic CoS upon
ingress and marking packets upon egress. BroadGate platforms support
classification based on C-VLAN as well as DSCP (implemented on ingress
and egress for both IP and non-IP traffic). DSCP implementation enables
TM that skillfully incorporates DSCP capabilities wherever DSCP is in use.
 Policing: TM in the BroadGate utilizes two-rate three-color policing to
achieve a notable combination of efficiency and flexibility, supporting CIR,
EIR, Committed Burst Size (CBS), and Excess Burst Size (EBS) traffic
categories. Intelligent bandwidth management enables profile enhancement
capabilities that improve handling of 'bursty' traffic as well. Bandwidth
management profiles are extended based on MEF5 standards. Policing is
implemented on both the ingress and egress sides, allowing greater
flexibility when managing different customer scenarios.
 TE manager that supports traffic QoS on the data plane level. This service
ensures that each traffic queue receives its guaranteed bandwidth and other
resources while simultaneously allocating extra available bandwidth fairly
among the queues. The TE manager implements buffer management
(WRED), scheduling (WFQ), shaping, and counting on a three-level
hierarchy per port, per class, and per tunnel (1 port, 8 CoS, 120 K
tunnel/service queues).
Figure 5-9: TE manager functional block diagram

Description
 Flow control with frame buffering (802.3x) reduces traffic congestion.

When the input buffer memory on an Ethernet port is nearly full, the data
card sends a 'Pause' packet back to the traffic source, requesting a halt in
packet transmission for a specified time period. After the period has passed,
traffic transmission is resumed. This approach gives the overloaded input
buffer a little 'breathing room' while the card clears out the input data and
sends it on its way. The following figure illustrates an NE sending a 'Pause'
packet to the link partner.
Figure 5-10: Pause frame example
 C-VLAN translation is another valuable data feature supported by the

BroadGate which provides flexibility when managing Ethernet VPNs
across the network. This capability is essential when working with
networks that include different types of VLANs. For example, C-VLAN
translation is required by SPs that manage different VLAN policies in the
core and transport domains. The following figure illustrates another
example, with end customers such as organizations that include multiple
sites using different C-VLANs.
Figure 5-11: C-VLAN translation example

Description
Selective FDB Flush

In Ethernet packet service, Ethernet frames are forwarded according to their
destination MAC address and VLAN ID. The forwarding information is stored
in a Forwarding Database (FDB). FDB table entries must be updated in real
time in response to dynamic network topology changes, such as updated link
status.
MCS cards enable an efficient approach to FDB table flushing. Rather than
flush and recreate the entire contents of the table in response to every network
topology change, MCS cards implement a series of intelligent selective flush
mechanisms:
 RSTP topology change notification messages trigger a flush of all entries in
the FDB except entries whose source was the port that received the
message.
 ERP events trigger a flush of all FDB entries whose sources were one of
the ring ports.
 CCN messages trigger a complete flush of all FDB entries whose source
was the PE that transmitted the CCN message.
The following figure illustrates an FDB flushing scenario following
transmission of a CCN message.
Figure 5-12: Selective FDB flush

Description
E-Tree (Rooted-Multipoint)
Service
E-Tree service provides Ethernet P2MP multicast tree connectivity, enabling
very efficient bandwidth use for broadcast TV or IPTV as well as E-Learning
applications using, for example, multicast/broadcast packet video. With this
approach, a single packet copy can be sent to all endpoints (leaves) that share a
single tree branch. Ethernet Private Tree (EP-Tree) services use dedicated
bandwidth with a single root and multiple leaves. Ethernet Virtual Private
Tree (EVP-Tree) services use shared bandwidth with rooted-multipoint
connectivity across a shared infrastructure.
The DMGE_2_L2, DMGE_4_L2, DMGE_8_L2, and DMXE_28_L2 cards
support both EP-Tree and EVP-Tree services for IPTV/BTV and E-Learning
capabilities.
MPLS-based P2MP Multicast Tunnels for

Triple Play IPTV/BTV and E-Learning
Services
BroadGate platforms provide Ethernet Private Tree (E-Tree) services with
maximum efficiency at minimum cost. Metro network optimization is achieved
by an efficient MPLS P2MP multicast tree carrying IPTV services, as well as a
star VPLS for other triple play services such as VoD, VoIP, and HSI services.
The triple play service delivery network architecture includes the following
components:
 E2E MPLS carrier class capabilities. MPLS capabilities assure the QoS
of IPTV service delivery over a dedicated P2MP tunnel multicast tree, as
well as reliable sub-50 msec FRR protection.
 Multiple distributed MPLS PE service edges (leaf PE). Leaf PEs
terminate the IPTV P2MP tunnel multicast tree branches on downstream
traffic, as well as handling IGMP snooping, policing enforcement, and TE
functions on upstream traffic. This gives SPs the ability to scale their IPTV
network.
 Efficient IPTV multicast distribution. IPTV distribution utilizes an
efficient drop-and-continue methodology, using an MPLS P2MP multicast
tree to deliver IPTV content over the metro aggregation network. This
allows SPs to efficiently utilize bandwidth over the metro aggregation
network. It also enables simple scaling capabilities as IPTV service
demands increase.
 IGMP snooping at the PE leaf service edges enables delivery of only the
IPTV channels requested by the user, further enabling easy scalability as
the number of IPTV channels grows.

Description
 Star VPLS topology to carry the VoIP, VoD, and HSI P2P services. The
star VPLS is built over the aggregation network from the root PE
(aggregator) device that connects to the edge router/BRAS to the leaf PE to
the IPDSLAM. This star VPLS also carries the bidirectional IPTV control
traffic that is either sent by the router downstream (IGMP query) or sent by
the subscriber set-top-box (STB) upstream (IGMP join/leave requests).
 E2E interoperability with the DSLAM and MSER, through either the
Ethernet or the MPLS layer. The P2MP multicast tree continues from the
PIM-SM multicast tree over the core network.
A P2MP tunnel originates at the source PE and terminates at multiple
destination PEs. This tunnel has a tree-and-branch structure, where packet
replication occurs at branching points along the tree. This scheme achieves
high multicast efficiency since only one copy of each packet ever traverses an
MPLS P2MP tunnel. A MPLS service card can act as both a transit P and as a
destination PE within the same P2MP tunnel, in which case it may be called a
Transit PE (not Transit P).
The following figure illustrates a P2MP multicast tree with PE1 as the source
PE (root), P1 as a transit P, PE2 as a transit PE (leaf PE), and PE3, PE4, and
PE5 as the destination or leaf PEs. The link from PE1 to P1 is shared by all
transit and destination leaf PEs; therefore the data plane sends only one packet
copy on that link.
Figure 5-13: P2MP multicast tunnel example

Description
The following figure illustrates a second example of a P2MP multicast tree,

arranged over a multi-ring topology network. The multicast tunnel paths are
illustrated in this figure on both a physical layout and in a logical presentation.
In this example, PE1 is the source PE (root), P1 and P2 are transit Ps, PE2,
PE3, PE5, and PE6 are transit leaf PEs, and PE4 and PE7 are destination leaf
PEs.
Figure 5-14: P2MP multicast tunnel example - physical and logical networks
The P2MP tunnels carry multicast content such as IPTV content in a triple play
network, but P2MP tunnels are not enough. Two other functionalities complete
the triple play solution:
 Star VPLS
 IGMP Snooping

Description
The full triple play solution, incorporating P2MP multicast tunnels, star VPLS,
and IGMP snooping, is illustrated in the following figure. The P2MP multicast
tunnels carry IPTV content in an efficient drop&continue manner from the TV
channel source, headend router, and MultiService Edge Router (MSER),
through the root PE (PE1) to all endpoint leaf PEs. The VPLS star carries all
other P2P triple play services such as VoIP, VoD, and HSI. The VPLS star also
carries the IGMP messages both upstream (request/leave messages from the
customer) and downstream (query messages from the router). IGMP snooping
is performed at the endpoint leaf PEs to deliver only the IPTV channels
requested by the user. This allows scalability in the number of channels, as well
as freeing up bandwidth for other triple play services such VoD, VoIP, and
HSI.
Figure 5-15: Triple play network solution for IPTV, VoD, VoIP, and HSI services

Description
BroadGate Product Line Ethernet

Cards
The BroadGate utilizes a wide range of flexible interchangeable I/O
components to build a network tailored to your requirements, providing
maximum efficiency and optimal functionality.
The various I/O components are designed for modularity and ease of use. For
example, I/O cards are interchangeable within a product line. This simplifies
the design, maintenance, and upgradeability of your network.
ECI Telecom offers a wide range of MPLS/Ethernet data components and
service cards for use in its BroadGate product line. These cards can be
categorized under the following three families:
 MPLS carrier class service cards
 Ethernet Layer 2 service cards
 Ethernet Layer 1 service cards
This chapter describes the following BroadGate MPLS/Ethernet components
and service cards:
 MPLS service cards, including BG-20B_L2M, ME_2G_4F, BG-20C,
MPS_2G_8F, DMFE_4_L2, DMFX_4_L2, DMGE_2_L2, DMGE_4_L2,
DMGE_8_L2, and DMXE_28_L2: carrier-class switch cards that support
an advanced Ethernet-based metro-core layer and enable NG Ethernet
applications such as triple play, VPLS business connectivity, 3G
Ethernet-based aggregation, and CoC bandwidth applications. The cards
provide complete PB (QinQ) and MPLS switching capabilities, offering
scalability and smooth interoperability with IP/MPLS core routers.
 Ethernet Layer 2 service cards, including BG-20B_L2, BG-20B_L2M,
ME_2G_4F, BG-20C, MPS_2G_8F, DMFE_4_L2, DMFX_4_L2,
DMXE_28_L2, DMGE_2_L2, DMGE_4_L2, and DMGE_8_L2: Ethernet
over SDH service cards providing cost-effective PB-based (QinQ) EVPL
and EVPLAN services. Field-proven cards for the BroadGate family offer
QinQ-based switching for ring and multi-ring configurations in the
metro-edge and metro-core and offering VC-12, VC-3, and VC-4
granularity on their WAN ports. Suitable for EVPL and EVPLAN services
and interoperable with the more advanced BroadGate data cards. For
example, the MPS_2G_8F supports Ethernet applications in the access and
edge layers, offering high fan-out and multiple WAN interfaces, with a
bandwidth ranging from 2 Mbps up to full capacity GbE and a choice of
granularity options down to 2 Mbps steps, together with interoperability
with other Ethernet systems.

Description
 Ethernet Layer 1 service cards, including BG-20B_L1, MGE_1_L1,

DMFE_4_L1, DMFX_4_L1, DMGE_4_L1, and DMGE_1_L1: EPL
Ethernet over SDH service cards that map multiple GbE and FE ports
(electrical or optical) into virtually concatenated trails, with a bandwidth
ranging from 2 Mbps up to full capacity GbE, and a choice of granularity
options down to 2 Mbps steps.
MPLS Service Cards

The MPLS family cards are the MPLS Carrier Class Switch cards for the
BroadGate. These cards enable SPs to build a cost-effective carrier class
Ethernet network over new and existing SDH networks, supporting any
Ethernet-based application and service, including business connectivity
(VPLS), triple play (IPTV drop-and-continue multicast), 3G mobile services,
and CoC Ethernet leased line and bandwidth services, all with carrier grade
capability.
Through the use of transport MPLS the BroadGate MPLS card set also allows
SPs to build a converged optical transmission network that enables them to
exploit the benefits and robustness of SDH and optical DWDM together with
the benefits of carrier class Ethernet.
The MPLS family cards enable SPs to build a cost-effective, E2E carrier class
Ethernet network with assured QoS service delivery for access, edge, and core
network applications. This single MPLS network solution is achieved using
MPLS from access aggregation to IP/MPLS core router, integrating BroadGate
cards with an existing IP/MPLS core router network and enabling SPs to
support any Layer 2 and Layer 3 services.
The BroadGate MPLS card set are a carrier class Ethernet service device that
incorporates all carrier-class capabilities, such as scalability, reliability,
sub-50 msec protection, E2E Hard QoS, security, and service management for
E2E assured service delivery. MPLS family cards support MPLS TE, including
classifying, policing, marking, queuing, performing congestion avoidance
mechanism (WRED), scheduling, and traffic shaping.
BroadGate MPLS card set-based networks work with the LightSoft NMS,
providing point-and-click service provisioning based on a sophisticated
Connection Admission Control (CAC) algorithm that guarantees network
services. LightSoft supports the following Ethernet network topologies:
 Ethernet-based network
 MPLS-based (VPLS) network
 Hybrid Ethernet/MPLS-based networks (Ethernet Access Hierarchy VPLS
(EAH-VPLS))

Description
Ethernet Layer 2 Service Cards

The BroadGate provides Ethernet Layer 2 (E-LAN) service through the
Ethernet Layer 2 card sets. These cards provide Ethernet Layer 2 services in
mixed SDH and Ethernet networks at minimum cost with maximum efficiency.
Each card has multiple Ethernet ports for direct connection to customer sites
(either directly or through a CLE), and functions as an embedded Ethernet
switch, eliminating the need for an external Ethernet switch. These cards are
especially useful for business and ISP applications, providing the reliable
capacity and powerful speed essential for the success of these applications.
Figure 5-16: Metro network illustration
Customers can provision multiple services on any single port, for example:
 EVPL services
 E-LAN with various QoS options
 ISP connectivity services
 Business connectivity services
The Layer 2 cards in each BroadGate in the network are connected to each
other via Network to Network Interface (NNI) EoS ports. These NNI ports can
serve either for dedicated traffic for specific customers or as a shared core for
multiple customers.

Description
The cards support two interface categories:

 Ethernet (LAN) ports - physical Ethernet interfaces residing on the card or
in the modules cage. These ports may be configured as UNI ports or as
NNI ports to client equipment.
 EoS (WAN) ports - Ethernet over SDH ports which provide connections to
the SDH matrix. EoS ports may be configured as NNI ports to provide
connectivity between Layer 2 cards and MPLS cards, or as UNI ports to
provide a connection to remote LAN ports.
The granularity of the EoS trails is VC-12/3/4, and the link capacity for each
EoS connection may range from 2 Mbps up to 2.5 Gbps. SDH trails can be
modified as required via LightSoft.
Ethernet Layer 1 Service Cards

The BroadGate implements E-Line services by offering transparent Ethernet
data transmission over SDH. This is accomplished through a sophisticated and
intelligent Layer 1 card set for the BroadGate product line. Installable in all
BroadGate shelves, the Layer 1 card set enables EPL P2P services to be
provisioned and managed in the same manner as traditional SDH lines. The
service provided by the Layer 1 card set P2P private line is agnostic to the
higher layers above Ethernet. This means that VLANs, jumbo frames, and
unicast, multicast, and broadcast Ethernet packets are all handled transparently
at any given rate.
The BroadGate Layer 1 service cards provide control and bandwidth
management allocation for each Ethernet connection in VC-12/3/4 increments
up to the full rate. Each GbE/FE interface is configured separately without
interfering with other connections. This flexibility enables SPs to adapt service
rates to customer needs and tailor prices accordingly. The cards also provide all
the benefits of SFP technology for optical interfaces as well as electrical SFPs.
Using standard VCAT, GFP-F, and LCAS, BroadGate Layer 1 cards ensure
interoperability with third-party equipment as well as interoperability with
other BroadGate cards and ECI Telecom products.
The BroadGate product line EPL services are user configurable. The bandwidth
for each EPL service ranges from 2 Mbps up to full capacity (100 Mbps or
Gbps) with VC-12/3/4 granularity for any service. Client failures, as well as
failures in the SDH transport layer, are forwarded from one end to the other
using CSF/TSF signaling, thus shortening the fault detection period for the
higher layers and enabling full restoration of customer services much more
quickly.
The BroadGate Layer 1 service cards use LCAS protection to dynamically
decrease and increase the size of a VCAT group (VCG), in cases of failure and
repair of VCG members. This capability enables a variety of new protection
schemes, such as split bandwidth between multiple routes and SDH protection
for part of a VCG.

Description
Applications and MEF Services

The BroadGate family of Ethernet and MPLS full service cards support the
services necessary for today's network requirements, including the full range of
E-Line (EPL/EVPL) and E-LAN (EPLAN/EVPLAN) services.
E-Line (EPL/EVPL) Service

E-Line service is used for Ethernet P2P service connectivity in two
approaches. Ethernet Private Line (EPL) services use dedicated bandwidth
for single users (Ethernet Layer 1). Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL)
services use shared bandwidth with service multiplexing and multiple users
(Ethernet Layer 2). These services are provided through the following cards:
 MPLS card set supports both EPL and EVPL service. The cards can be
configured to operate as either MPLS cards or as Ethernet Provider Bridge
cards.
 Ethernet Layer 2 service cards support both EPL and EVPL services.
 Ethernet Layer 1 service cards support EPL services.
MPLS-based VPWS for Ethernet P2P

EPL/EVPL
Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) uses P2P tunnels originating at the
source PE devices, traveling through Transit Ps, and terminating at the
destination PE. As illustrated in the following figure, the Source PE pushes
two MPLS labels into each customer's Ethernet packet as it enters the tunnel.
The inner MPLS label is the VC label and represents the VPN to which the
packet belongs. The VC label serves as a demultiplexer field, allowing
aggregation of multiple VPNs into a single tunnel and thereby providing a
scalable tunneling solution rather than a dedicated tunnel per VPN. The outer
MPLS label is the Tunnel label, and represents the tunnel to which the packet
is mapped.

Description
The Transit P provider devices simply swap the MPLS labels from the source
port to the destination port. The Destination PE terminates the tunnel and
identifies the packet VPN based on the VC label. The Destination PE then
looks up the MAC DA of the packet to find the destination Ethernet port,
removes (pops) the two MPLS labels, and forwards the packet to the Customer
Equipment (CE) port(s).
Figure 5-17: P2P MPLS tunnel example
Ethernet-based P2P EPL

Ethernet Private Line (EPL) service ensures a seamless migration path from
voice-oriented to data-oriented networks by offering scalable data capabilities.
As such, data networks can be created within SDH networks, integrating the
added value of a typical Ethernet network while maintaining the original SDH
network reliability, robustness, and QoS that carriers demand.
An EPL's P2P service is similar to traditional TDM service in that it allows
Ethernet to be used as a simple plug-in to an existing network delivering
TDM-based services. EPL service over SDH guarantees full connectivity and
flexibility:
 Each Ethernet signal can be configured independently, providing full
network connectivity.
 Traffic is transmitted P2P, in ring, mesh, or any other topology.
 Each Ethernet signal is transmitted over a separate trail, guaranteeing
SDH/WDM network security levels.
The BroadGate enables SPs to build a scalable infrastructure that ensures
consistent IP service throughput, facilitating capacity increases without
disrupting existing services.

Description
The BroadGate's Ethernet Layer 1 card set provides the following functional
features and benefits:
 Adaptive rate control for each connection - from 2 Mbps to the full GbE
in appropriate increments (VC-12/3/4).
 Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) - for variable bandwidth piping down to 2
Mbps, with the capability of capacity distribution across multiple fibers and
optical carriers, guaranteeing data transfer over any SDH infrastructure and
meeting the ITU-T G.707 standard.
 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) mechanism - for in-service
variation of pipe bandwidth and optional reuse of protection bandwidth.
The capacity of the Ethernet link automatically decreases if one or more
VCs fail, and automatically increases when the network fault is repaired,
 Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) - for industry-standard mappings
 Multitasking card sets - the same cards can be used for multiple levels of
service:
 GbE and FE are supported within the same card.
 VC-12/3/4 rates are supported within the same card.
 Network protection - SDH and/or WDM protection mechanisms,
including SNCP and MS-SPRing, are applied to each connection.
 Easy connectivity - point-and-click, E2E, real time, P2P, as in any SDH
trail.
 Full interoperability between all Ethernet cards - including the
BroadGate MPLS cards and the XDM platforms, as well as seamless
interfacing with external third-party hardware.
 Seamless integration and complete backward compatibility with the entire
product line.
Figure 5-18: EPL service

Description
E-LAN (EPLAN/EVPLAN) Service

E-LAN service is used for Ethernet MP2MP service connectivity in two
approaches. Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN) services use dedicated
bandwidth for single users. Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLAN)
services use shared bandwidth with service multiplexing and multiple users.
These services are provided through the following cards:
 MPLS service cards support both EPLAN and EVPLAN service. The cards
can be configured to operate as either MPLS plus Ethernet Provider Bridge
cards or as Ethernet Provider Bridge cards.
 Layer 2 card set supports both EPLAN and EVPLAN services.
MPLS-based VPLS for Ethernet MP2MP

Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) provide connectivity between
geographically dispersed customer Ethernet sites across the SP network,
creating a virtual LAN network. The interconnected customer sites form a
private MPLS VPN. VPLS uses the same tunnels and pseudowires used in
VPWS service, using MP2MP connectivity. In the following figure, the three
customer sites are connected via the provider's VPLS network, and can
communicate among themselves using standard Ethernet bridging and MAC
learning as if they were all on a single LAN.
Figure 5-19: VPLS service example

Description
Sites that belong to the same MPLS VPN expect their traffic to be forwarded to
the proper location. This is accomplished through the following means:
 Establishing a full mesh of MPLS label switched paths (LSPs) or tunnels
between the PE sites.
 MAC address learning on a per-site basis at the PE devices.
 MPLS tunneling of customer Ethernet traffic over pseudowires (VPN)
while it is forwarded across the provider network.
 Packet replication across MPLS tunnels at the PE devices, for
multicast/broadcast-type traffic and for flooding unknown unicast traffic.
Ethernet-based MP2MP
BroadGate platforms provide Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) services over SDH at
minimum cost and maximum efficiency. By integrating SDH and Ethernet
layers, the BroadGate achieves enhanced reliability and protection. This
solution provides an ideal multiservice platform, enabling ISP connectivity
with a mixture of full-mesh connectivity and dedicated services by using the
same cards and ports.
The BroadGate Layer 2 and MPLS cards provide the following features and
benefits:
 High performance, wire speed Layer 2 switching for metro-access and
access networks in ring, multi-ring, star, and mesh topologies.
 Provider Bridge capabilities (802.1ad), with double tagging, QinQ-based
switching for P2P, P2MP, and MP2MP connections - fully transparent and
secure Ethernet service over the provider's EoS network.
 Up to eight QoS levels assigned per port, VLAN, or client CoS,
maximizing SLA diversity and optimizing packet handling throughout the
network.
 High granularity policing and priority marking (802.1p) per SLA,
enabling the provider to control the amount of bandwidth for each
individual user and service. Two-rate three-color policing enhances the
service offering, combining high priority service with best effort traffic for
the same user.
 Congestion avoidance mechanism based on user-configurable WRED.
Drops low priority packets first, preventing the network from reaching the
point where congestion increases the higher priority packet loss rate.
 Remote Network Monitoring RMON-based PM.
 Security capability per customer VPN.

Description
 Low cost per port achieved with statistical service multiplexing, offering
high density of 10/100/1000BaseT electrical interfaces per slot and Small
Form Factor Pluggable-based (SFP) optical FE/GbE ports.
 Software upgrade to full MPLS support with the MPLS card set for
network scalability and TE in VPLS core networks.
The Ethernet Layer 2 and MPLS service cards also use multiple EoS ports to
connect the cards over SDH interfaces. EoS capabilities include:
 Standard-based GFP and VCAT, meeting the ITU-T G.707 standard, for
interoperability with the BroadGate Layer 1 card set, XDM-100 and
XDM-1000 Product Line data cards, and third-party equipment. This
results in an E2E solution that integrates Layer 1 services at the access
layer with Layer 2 services at the metro-core.
 Adaptive rate control for each connection (from 2Mbps and up to
2.5 Gbps in VC-12/3/4 increments).
 LCAS protection - automatic adjustment of the Ethernet link capacity,
decreasing in case of VC failure and increasing when the network fault is
repaired, meeting the ITU-T G.7042 standard.
 Network protection - including SNCP and MS-SPRing on each
connection.
 Multi Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) for loop resolution and restoration
in ring and multi-ring configuration.
 Equipment protection - carrier class, with no single point of failure.
Figure 5-20: E-LAN service

Description
Circuit Emulation Services (CES)

Circuit Emulation Services (CES) is an emerging telecommunication
technology used to transmit legacy TDM services over packet switched
networks.
General
Service providers are seeking a solution that will allow them use less
bandwidth to continue offering profitable services transparently over a lower
cost transport infrastructure. Structure Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP) is
an industry standard protocol designed specifically to address these issues.
SAToP functions as a Circuit Emulation Service (CES) that enables service
providers to deliver reliable, high-quality T1/E1 circuits over an Ethernet
infrastructure, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for a parallel TDM
network.
With the ongoing migration from TDM to Ethernet networks, service providers
can leverage SAToP in two layers of their networks:
 Wide Area Network (WAN) trunks
 Ethernet access circuits
By combining SAToP with their investment in an IP/MPLS core, service
providers can seamlessly change TDM circuits and long-haul trunks from
legacy SONET/SDH networks to the core MPLS infrastructure. SAToP easily
combines with Ethernet to give TDM traffic a transparent path on Ethernet
links. The transparent path readily translates into additional revenue streams
and reduced costs for service providers themselves, and investment protection
of TDM-based premises equipment for providers’ enterprise customers.

Description
Cellular Application
Cellular operators plan to upgrade their base stations (2G BTSs) to nodeBs
(3G) with Ethernet based technology over time, depending on bandwidth
demands and economics. However, to maximize revenues they need a
migration strategy based on a cost-effective, scalable infrastructure that can
support 2G and 3G services. The chosen infrastructure must also be able to
protect operators’ existing network investments by offering more capacity at
lower cost. SAToP is an important technology that can help cellular operators
achieve a strategic, smooth path. Cellular operators that don't have their own
SDH infrastructure nearby, can install a small-scale, SAToP-compliant router
at each cell site. That router communicates with a larger, SAToP-compliant
router at an aggregation point, such as a Central Office (CO). By enabling the
transport of E1s over an Ethernet/MPLS pseudowire, SAToP allows wireless
operators to retain their E1 circuits and continue to add more.
Figure 5-21: CES Application
Technology
RFC 4553 is the standard that describes SAToP. This is a method for
encapsulating Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) bit-streams (T1, E1, T3,
E3). It addresses only structure-agnostic transport, i.e., unframed E1, T1, E3
and T3. It segments all TDM services as bit streams and then encapsulates
them for transmission over a PW tunnel. This protocol can transparently
transmit TDM traffic data and synchronous timing information, which are two
of the elements of TDM emulation service. SAToP completely disregards any
structure and PEs have no need to interpret the TDM data or to participate in
the TDM signaling. The protocol is a simple way for transparent transmission
of PDH bit-streams. The implementation of the protocol is so easy that the
IETF released it as the earliest formal RFC.

Description
Timing and Synchronization

The asynchronous nature of Ethernet is a challenge for transmission of TDM
services such as E1/T1. TDM services require precise synchronization between
clocks at the source and destination nodes. Similarly, networks require smooth
call handoff between adjacent cells. This section describes the BG timing and
synchronization subsystems.
BroadGate platforms support a variety of network synchronization options,
including SyncE as per ITU-T G.8261 and IEEE 1588v2. BroadGate platforms
provide the highest quality service, meeting the appropriate ITU-T standards
for holdover and input/output jitter (G.823/PDH and G.835/SDH) and thereby
ensuring high-quality E2E transport over the network. Synchronization
references are classified at any given time according to a predefined priority
and prevailing signal quality.
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

SyncE is a powerful physical layer approach to frequency synchronization that
provides an elegant effective solution to the lack of synchronization in
traditional Ethernet. SyncE is based on the well-established SDH
synchronization model extended for Ethernet-based networks. SyncE uses the
physical layer interface to pass timing from node to node, as done in SDH
networks.
All BroadGate platforms support SyncE synchronization, which is fully
compatible with the asynchronous nature of traditional Ethernet. SyncE is
defined in ITU-T standards G.8261, G.8262, G.8263, and G.8264.
IEEE 1588v2
IEEE 1588v2 is a packet-based synchronization method that offers both time
and frequency synchronization over an asynchronous packet network.
IEEE 1588v2 is based on the exchange of timing packets to synchronize many
slave/client elements to a master clock.
All BroadGate platforms support IEEE 1588v2 synchronization in slave mode.
BG-20 and BG-30, as well as, BGW-E expansion units working with a
BroadGate packet base platform also support IEEE 1588v2 synchronization in
master mode.
BGW-E expansion units working with BroadGate packet base platforms
support both input and output 1 pps signals as well as Time of Day (ToD)
signals.

Description
Network Connectivity Fault

Management
Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) is used to monitor connectivity in
Ethernet networks that encompass multiple administrative domains. CFM is a
joint effort of IEEE, ITU-T, and MEF, designed to help SPs achieve E2E
network OAM for multidomain networks. CFM facilitates detection of
continuity loss or incorrect network connections, connectivity verification, and
fault isolation.
Ethernet OAM defines proactive and diagnostic fault localization procedures
for P2P and MP services that span one or more links. CFM operates E2E
within an Ethernet network. Ethernet OAM mechanisms for CFM enable
detection, verification, localization, and notification of different defect
conditions.
Ethernet CFM relies on a functional model consisting of hierarchical
Maintenance Domains (MDs). Each MD is an administrative domain for the
purpose of managing and administering a network. A typical domain is
illustrated in the following figure. The service network in this figure is
partitioned into customer, provider, and operator maintenance levels.
Figure 5-22: Multidomain Ethernet service OAM

Description
As illustrated in the preceding figure, CFM descriptions utilize a specific

terminology:
 Maintenance Entity (ME): an entity that requires management. May also
be referred to as a Maintenance Point (MP).
 Maintenance Association (MA): a set of MEs that satisfy the following
conditions:
 MEs in a single MA existing in the same administrative domain and at
the same ME level.
 MEs in a single MA belonging to the same SP VLAN (S-VLAN).
 MA Endpoint (MEP): an ME located at the edges or ends of an MA. Each
MA must include two MEPs, one at each end, in the administrative domain
boundaries. An MEP generates and receives OAM frames.
 MA Intermediate Point (MIP): an ME located at intermediate points
along the E2E path of an MA. A MIP does not initiate OAM frames; it
reacts and responds to OAM frames that were generated by the MEPs.
Note that the more generic term MP may be used when a description refers to
either a MEP or a MIP.
Ethernet service OAM includes the following fault management techniques:
 Continuity Check: A simple, reliable, and effective tool for fault
detection. These multicast transmissions are transmitted regularly and
automatically by each MEP, providing a constant network 'heartbeat' that
verifies transmission integrity. If a MEP misses three consecutive
'heartbeats' of transmission from another MEP, the network is immediately
alerted to a connectivity problem. Continuity check functionality is
illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 5-23: CFM: Continuity check functionality

Description
 Loopback: A request/response protocol similar to the classic IP Ping tool.

MEPs send Loopback Messages (LBMs) to verify connectivity with
another MP (MEP or MIP) within a specific MA. The target MP generates
a Loopback Reply Message (LBR) in response. LBMs and LBRs are used
to verify bidirectional connectivity, and are initiated by operator command.
The path of a typical loopback sequence is illustrated in the following
figure.
Figure 5-24: CFM: Loopback protocol
 Link Trace: Another request/response protocol similar to the classic IP

Traceroute tool. Link trace may be used to trace the path to a target MP
(MEP or MIP) and for fault isolation. MEPs send multicast Link Trace
Messages (LTMs) within a specific MA to identify adjacency relationships
with remote MPs at the same administrative level. When an MP receives an
LTM, it completes one of the following actions:
 If the NE is aware of the target MP destination MAC address in the
LTM frame and associates that address with a single egress port, the
current MP generates a unicast Link Trace Reply (LTR) to the initiating
MEP and forwards the LTM to the target MEP destination MAC
address.
 Otherwise the LTM frame is relayed unchanged to all egress ports
associated with the MA except for the port from which the message
was received.
The path of a short link trace sequence is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 5-25: CFM: Link trace

Description
Access Control List

Access Control List (ACL) is a list of permissions attached to an object that
specifies who or what is allowed to access the object and what operations are
allowed to be performed. In a typical ACL, each entry in the list specifies a
subject and an operation. One of the most important implementations is to
protect routers from various risks, both accidental and malicious. Infrastructure
protection ACLs should be deployed at network ingress points.
Access-Controlled Management
Intelligent management access controls are needed at the customer edge to
prevent unauthorized users from accessing the network. Preventing denial of
service attacks involves deciding whether to accept, discard, or monitor certain
traffic.
Figure 5-26: ACL description

Description
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring helps the supervisor monitor the network. It copies ('mirrors')
the traffic from a specific port to a target port by copying packets entering or
exiting a port or entering a VLAN to a local port for local monitoring. This
mechanism helps track network errors or abnormal packet transmission without
interrupting the flow of data. Moreover, this feature enables a basic "lawful
interception" application for future development.
Figure 5-27: Port mirroring
User Benefits with MPLS Enabled

Cards
The MPLS functionality provided by the BroadGate MPLS card set offers
operators the following benefits:
 An E2E MPLS solution that also works as a PB (QinQ) and is upgradeable
to PB + MPLS.
 Increased Operator Revenue with standard MPLS-based Ethernet
services:
 VPWS-P2P service using Martini encapsulation.
 VPLS-LAN over the metro with MP2MP service in a full mesh and/or
hub and spoke scheme.
 P2MP drop-and-continue multicast for BTV/IPTV and E-Learning
services.

Description
 True Carrier Class Solution, supporting:

 Complete scalability, enhancing Ethernet scalability by removing the
limits of VLAN and MAC capacity requirements.
 Sub-50 msec protection, using MPLS FRR link and node protection,
dual homed/attached protection, Ethernet UNI/NNI Link Aggregation
(LAG) and EoS LAG, and Fast Input/Output Protection (IOP) for card
protection.
 Hard QoS, using MPLS-TE and other mechanisms such as
classification, VLAN manipulation, policing, WRED, scheduling, and
shaping.
 Full OAM support of Path OAM and Link OAM for fault localization.
 Comprehensive security, with each client separated from the other and
preventing MAC DoS attacks on clients.
 Easy-to-use network management through the LightSoft NMS, with
point-and-click service creation and management, including service
parameters and attributes. LightSoft uses preprovisioned CAC to check
for resource availability on service provisioning. Operators can also
define Shared Risk Source Group (SRLG) to enhance and guarantee
protection.
Unique Value Proposition

The MPLS functionality provided by BroadGate MPLS service cards offers the
following unique value propositions:
 Reduced OPEX and CAPEX through convergence of multiple networks
(TDM, Carrier Class Ethernet, WDM) and multiple services.
 Lower cost per port compared to other carrier-class solutions.
 SP revenue generation through any market segment with any service:
 Triple play: VoIP, IPTV, VoD, and HSI.
 Business: VPLS, VPWS, P2P EoS.
 Mobile aggregation: 3G Ethernet-based services.
 Wholesale: BW services, leased line services.
 Top down point-and-click E2E Service Management.
 Extended network management: CAC, SRLG, and Protection.
 E2E MPLS from access to core, for Ethernet carrier-class solution and
assured QoS of service delivery.
 Client security segregation, with each client within its own Ethernet
switch, using thousands of virtual switches.
 Optimized triple play solution and IPTV bandwidth efficiency for
CAPEX saving.
 Software upgradable for future services (NPU-based).

Description

6
Components and Service
Cards
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 6-1
Overhead Processing ....................................................................................... 6-2
Main Controller Cards ..................................................................................... 6-3
SDH Interface .................................................................................................. 6-9
PDH Interface ................................................................................................ 6-11
Ethernet Interface and Switching .................................................................. 6-13
Optical Amplifiers and DCMs ....................................................................... 6-17
Dslot, Tslot and Eslot Data Traffic Functions ............................................... 6-18
Intelligent PCM Unit ..................................................................................... 6-18
Overview
BG processes voice and Ethernet data services over Ethernet and SDH lines. Its
modular architecture enables network operators to start small and simply and
cost-effectively expand their systems to higher capacities as demand grows.
This chapter describes the following BG components, cards and functions:
 Overhead processing: This module provides flexible cross connects for all
STM-n interface section overhead bytes at the 64 Kbps level. It supports
transmission of RS-DCC, E1, F1, and E2 signals carried in multiple section
DCC bytes. Furthermore, it provides one V.11 overhead interface and one
orderwire interface. The orderwire interface connects to an external box
that supports the telephone device and both selected and conference calls in
any network topology.

Components and Service Cards BroadGate Product Line General
Description
 Cross-connect matrix: The BG-20’s MXC20 card and the BG-30’s

XIO30_1/4 card support nonblocking 16 VC-4 x 16 VC-4 HO/LO cross
connects and implement hardware-based subnet connection protection on
all interfaces. Switch to protection time is lower than 50 msec. The matrix
is fed by a matrix of 32 x 32 VC-4 switch allowing for dynamic usage of
the HO/LO cross-connect matrix. The BG-30's XIO30_16 card supports
nonblocking 96 VC-4 x 96 VC-4 HO/LO cross connects. The BG-64's
XIO64 and XIO16_4 cards support nonblocking 256 VC-4 x 256 VC-4
HO/LO cross connect.
 I/O and traffic components, including:
 SDH interfaces: This module provides the line interfacing, framer and
TUPP functions for SDH interfaces.
 PDH interfaces: This module provides the line interfacing and
mapping processing for E1 interfaces. In addition, it provides the
mapping processing for E3/DS-3 interfaces.
 Optical Amplifiers: This module provides amplification to the
attenuated optical signal.
 DCMs: This module provides a solution for single-channel signal
dispersion compensation.
 Ethernet interfaces and switching: This module provides FE and GbE
interfaces and services: Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS.
Overhead Processing
The core of the overhead processing unit located in the BG-20’s MXC20 is a
full DS-0 cross-connect matrix. This matrix connects the section overhead
bytes of all STM-n interfaces, the DCC processing module in the control and
communication unit, the orderwire interface and processing module (located in
the optional BG-OW unit), the overhead interface module, one channel of a
framed E1 signal, and another channel which can be selected as framed or
unframed E1 (used to provide clear channels) so that all overhead bytes can be
flexibly cross connected.
In the BG-30 and in the BG-64 the cross-connect matrix, in the MCP30 or in
the MCP64, accordingly, cross connects between bytes from the following
sources:
 Section overhead bytes of all STM-n interfaces
 DCC bytes in clear-channel processing module, including two framed E1s
and two unframed E1s
 Orderwire bytes from optional external BG-OW unit
 Bytes from the V.11 (DCE mode) external input

BroadGate Product Line General Components and Service Cards
Description
The DS-0 cross-connect matrix enables BG to support numerous functions.

These include flexible cross connect of section overhead bytes, transparent
DCC transmission, and extension of the regeneration section DCC bytes and
E1/E2/F1 bytes through the E1 or multiplex section DCC bytes. BG ensures
smooth transmission of network management and orderwire information in an
environment with SDH networks from different manufacturers.
The overhead processing unit provides one V.11 (DCE mode) overhead
interface, and one orderwire interface which connects to an external BG-OW
unit.
The external BG-OW box provides the orderwire telephone function. It
supports selective and conference call functions under any network topology,
as well as the Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) call function. The BG-OW
unit is described in detail in a separate document.
The BG orderwire function is compatible with the XDM orderwire function.
Main Controller Cards

The main controller subsystem supports central control, alarms, maintenance,
and communication functions. It also communicates with the control processors
of the various cards using a master-slave control hierarchy.
Each, BG-30, and BG-64 controller unit contains an NVM that stores a
complete backup of both the system software and its NE configuration.
Through the NVM, the BG benefits from superior management and control
availability, ensuring that a faulty controller unit does not affect traffic, when
only a single component is installed.
MXC-20 Card
The MXC-20 card is the main card of the BG-20. It integrates functions such as
control and communication, cross connect, synchronization timing, overhead
processing, framing of SDH interfaces, and mapping of PDH and Ethernet
interfaces. The front panel of the MXC-20 has the following interfaces,
indicators, and buttons:
 Network management interface
 NE status indicator (Active), NE alarm severity indicator (Major, Minor),
and network management interface status indicator (Link)
 System warm reset button (Reset)
 21 E1 interfaces
 One V.11 interface
 One RS-232 interface
 One orderwire unit connection interface

Description
 Alarm input/output interfaces

 T3/T4 external clock interfaces
 Two SFP slots; each can house one optical or electrical SFP module
MXC-20C Card
The MXC-20C card is the main card of the BG-20C. It integrates functions
such as control and communication, cross connect, synchronization timing,
overhead processing, framing of SDH interfaces, and mapping of PDH and
Ethernet interfaces. The front panel of the MXC-20C has the following
interfaces, indicators, and buttons:
 21 E1 interfaces
 Two SFP slots; each can house one optical or electrical SFP module
MCP30B Card
The heart of the BG-30 is the MCP30B card, which has the following
functions:
 Communications and control
 Alarm and maintenance
 Routing and handling of 32 RS-DCC/32 MS-DCC channels (totally 32
channels) as well as two clear channels
The front panel of the MCP30B has the following interfaces, indicators, and
buttons:

Description
 Auxiliary connector supporting the following functions:

 One V.11 interface
 One RS-232 interface
 One orderwire unit connection interface
 Alarm input/output interfaces
The MCP30B card has a removable nonvolatile flash memory (NVM).
Reaching the removable NVM, a CF-type memory card, requires the extraction
of the MCP30B from the BG-30B shelf. Extraction of the MCP30B does not
affect active traffic or the ability of the BG-30 to switch to protection in case of
traffic failure.
An MCP30B Interconnection Panel (ICP) can be used to spread the
concentrated Auxiliary connector into a dedicated connector for each function.
MCP64 Card
The heart of the BG-64 is the MCP64 card, which has the following functions:
 Communications and control
 Alarm and maintenance
 Routing and handling of 32 x RS-DCC/32 x MS-DCC channels (totally 32
channels) as well as two clear channels
The front panel of the MCP64 has the following interfaces, indicators, and
buttons:
 One V.11 interface
 One RS-232 interface
 One orderwire unit connection interface
 Alarm input/output interfaces
The MCP64 card has a removable nonvolatile flash memory (NVM). The
Compact Flash memory can be accessed from the front of the MCP64 (no need
to extract the MCP64).
An MCP64 Interconnection Panel (ICP) can be used to spread the concentrated
Auxiliary connector into a dedicated connector for each function.

Description
XIO30 Cards
The BG-30B shelf accommodates two identical XIO30 cards. There are four
types of XIO cards, each supporting different aggregate bandwidth and matrix
capacity. The XIO types are as follows:
 XIO30_1: supports a 2.5 Gbps matrix and STM-1 SFP-based aggregate
interface
 XIO30_4: supports a 2.5 Gbps matrix and STM-1/STM-4 SFP-based
aggregate interface
 XIO30Q_1&4: supports a 15 Gbps matrix and 4 x STM-1/STM-4 or mix of
up to 4 x STM-1/-STM-4 SFP-based aggregate interface (each port
separately configurable)
 XIO30_16: supports a 15 Gbps matrix and STM-4/STM-16 SFP-based
aggregate interface
By default, the lower XIO is the main card and the upper XIO is the protection
card. Both cards perform the following functions simultaneously in a 1+1
protection configuration:
 Cross-connect
 Timing and synchronization
 Aggregate interface
In additional to the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect matrix, full 1:1
protection of timing functions is provided by the redundant XIO cards.
The two XIO cards operate in parallel. Each XIO matrix permits full
nonblocking connectivity at all VC levels. The matrices are connected to all
I/O modules, and provide the following capacity for each Tslot:
 622 Mbps for every module with XIO30-1/4
 2.5 Gbps for every module with XIO30-16 or XIO30Q_1&4
In case of a hardware failure in the active XIO, the I/O cards switch
automatically to the protection XIO within less than 50 msec. Similarly, in case
of a hardware failure in the Timing Unit (TMU) of the operational XIO card,
the backup TMU takes over the timing control with no disruption in traffic.
The main functions of the XIO30 matrix include:
 HO and LO SDH 4/4/3/1 matrix cross connects at the VC-12, VC-3, VC-4,
and VC-4n order up to 16 or 96 STM-1 equivalents.
 Traffic protection switching. The XIO30 supports MS linear protection,
bidirectional and unidirectional MSP, and SubNetwork Connection
Protection (SNCP).
Each I/O card is directly connected to the matrix cores (both main and
protection) and linked to every cross-connect direction and level. The link is
fully redundant at intershelf levels.

Description
The following figure illustrates the simplified BG-30 overall block diagram. It
provides an overview of both the physical and functional partitioning of the
system.
Figure 6-1: XIO30 general block diagram
XIO64 Cards
The BG-64 shelf accommodates two identical XIO64 cards. There are two
types of XIO cards, each supporting different aggregate bandwidth and matrix
capacity. The XIO types are as follows:
 XIO64: supports a 40 Gbps matrix and an STM-64 XFP-based aggregate
interface with OTN support
 XIO16_4: supports a 40 Gbps matrix and 4 x STM-1/4/16 SFP-based
aggregate interface
By default, the lower XIO is the main card and the upper XIO is the protection
card. Both cards perform the following functions simultaneously in a 1+1
protection configuration:
 Cross-connect
 Timing and synchronization
 Aggregate interface

Description
In additional to the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect matrix, full 1:1

protection of timing functions is provided by the redundant XIO cards.
The two XIO cards operate in parallel. Each XIO matrix permits full
nonblocking connectivity at all VC levels. The matrices are connected to all
I/O modules, and provide 2.5 Gbps capacity to every module.
In case of a hardware failure in the active XIO, the I/O cards switch
automatically to the protection XIO within less than 50 msec. Similarly, in case
of a hardware failure in the Timing Unit (TMU) of the operational XIO card,
the backup TMU takes over the timing control with no disruption in traffic.
The main functions of the XIO64/XIO16_4 matrix include:
 HO and LO SDH 4/4/3/1 matrix cross connects at the VC-12, VC-3, VC-4,
and VC-4n order up to 256 STM-1 equivalents.
 Traffic protection switching. The XIO64 and XIO16_4 support MS linear
protection, bidirectional and unidirectional MSP, and SubNetwork
Connection Protection (SNCP).
Each I/O card is directly connected to the matrix cores (both main and
protection) and linked to every cross-connect direction and level. The link is
fully redundant at intershelf levels.
The following figure illustrates the simplified BG-64 overall block diagram. It
provides an overview of both the physical and functional partitioning of the
system.
Figure 6-2: XIO64/XIO16_4 general block diagram

Description
SDH Interface
BG supports various SDH interfaces, such as STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and
STM-64.
BG-20
The BG-20 supports two onboard SDH interfaces, each supporting optical
STM-1,STM-4, or electrical STM-1 SFPs. An extractable daughterboard
installed in the BG-20B Dslot and an expansion card can add other SDH
interfaces. The following SDH traffic is supported:
 SMD1H: a. hot-swappable extractable card installed in the BG-20B Dslot
that provides two SFP-based STM-1 interfaces, optical interfaces, electrical
STM-1 interfaces, or bidirectional STM-1 interfaces.
 OMS4H: a hot-swappable extractable card installed in the BG-20B Dslot
that provides one STM-4 optical interface (such as S4.1, L4.1, and L4.2).
 S1_4: a hot-swappable expansion card installed in the BG-20E expansion
slots that provides four SFP-based STM-1 interfaces, optical interfaces
such as S1.1, L1.1, L1.2, electrical STM-1 interfaces, or bidirectional
STM-1 interfaces. The S1_4 panel has four SFP module slots. Each slot
can support one optical or electrical STM-1 interface by installing the
appropriate SFP. Optical SFPs support LC connectors, while electrical
SFPs support DIN connectors. Each STM-1 interface has an LED that
indicates Laser On status.
BG-20C only supports two onboard SDH interfaces, each supporting optical
STM-1, STM-4, or electrical STM-1 SFPs.
BG-30
The BG-30 supports STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 SDH interfaces. By flexibly
configuring various SDH interface cards in its Tslot and extension slots in the
BG-30E, the BG-30 provides different types and quantities of interfaces.
In addition to the Tslot and expansion SDH cards, each XIO30 card supports a
plug-in Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver according to the type of
XIO30:
 XIO30_1 supports one STM-1o or STM-1e interface
 XIO30_4 supports one STM-1/STM-4 compatible interface
 XIO30Q_1&4 supports four STM-1/STM-4 compatible interfaces
 XIO30_16 supports one STM-4/16 compatible interface

Description
The following SDH Tslot and extension cards are supported:

 SMD1B Tslot card: provides two SFP-based STM-1 interfaces, optical
interfaces such as S1.1, L1.1, BD, and L1.2, electrical STM-1 interfaces, or
bidirectional STM-1 interfaces.
 SMS4 Tslot card: provides one SFP-based STM-4 optical interface.
 SMD4 Tslot card: provides two SFP-based STM-4 interfaces. The SMD4
Tslot card is available only for ADM16 and only two SMD4s can be
accommodated by a BG-30B unit.
 SMQ1&4 Tslot card: provides four SFP-based STM-1/4 compatible
interfaces. Each interface can be STM-1o, STM-1e or STM-4o.
 SMQ1 Tslot card: provides four SFP-based STM-1interfaces. Each
interface can be STM-1o or STM-1e.
 S1_4 expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG-30E providing
four SFP-based STM-1 interfaces, optical interfaces such as S1.1, L1.1, and
L1.2, electrical STM-1 interfaces, or bidirectional STM-1 interfaces. The
S1_4 panel has four SFP module slots. Each slot can support one optical or
electrical STM-1 interface by installing the appropriate SFP. Optical SFPs
support LC connectors, while electrical SFPs support DIN connectors.
Each STM-1 interface has an LED that indicates the Laser On status.
one SFP-based STM-4 optical interface.
BG-64
The BG-64 supports STM-1, STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 SDH interfaces.
By flexibly configuring various SDH interface cards in its Tslot and extension
slots in the BG-30E, the BG-64 provides different types and quantities of
interfaces.
In addition to the Tslot and expansion SDH cards, each XIO64 card supports a
plug-in Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP or XFP) transceiver according to the
type of XIO cards. XIO64 supports one STM-64 interface; XIO16_4 supports
four STM-16 compatible interfaces.
The following SDH Tslot and extension cards are supported:
 SMQ1&4 Tslot card: provides four SFP-based STM-1/4 compatible
interfaces. Each interface can be STM-1o, STM-1e or STM-4o.
 SMQ1 Tslot card: provides four SFP-based STM-1 interfaces. Each
interface can be STM-1o or STM-1e.

Description

four SFP-based STM-1 interfaces, optical interfaces such as S1.1, L1.1, and
L1.2, electrical STM-1 interfaces, or bidirectional STM-1 interfaces. The
S1_4 panel has four SFP module slots. Each slot can support one optical or
electrical STM-1 interface by installing the appropriate SFP. Optical SFPs
support LC connectors, while electrical SFPs support DIN connectors.
Each STM-1 interface has an LED that indicates the Laser On status.
PDH Interface
BG supports various PDH interfaces, such as E1, E3, and DS-3.
BG-20
By flexibly configuring various PDH interface cards in its Dslot and extension
slots in the BG-20E, the BG-20 provides different types and quantities of
interfaces, including:
 Built-in E1 interfaces: provides 21 E1 interfaces and supports output
retiming (120 Ω only – external DDF with 120Ω-to-75Ω conversion
required for 75 Ω E1s).
 ME1_21H Dslot module: hot-swappable extractable additional module
that provides 21 E1 interfaces (120 Ω only – external DDF with
120Ω-to-75Ω conversion required for 75 Ω E1s).
 ME1_42H Dslot module: hot-swappable extractable additional module
that provides 42 E1 interfaces (120 Ω only – external DDF with
120Ω-to-75Ω conversion required for 75 Ω E1s).
 PE1_63: a hot-swappable expansion card installed in the BG-20E
expansion slots providing 63 E1 interfaces and supporting output retiming
(120 Ω only – external DDF with 120Ω-to−75Ω conversion required for 75
Ω E1s). Its front panel has three double-VHDIC68 connectors that provide
interface cabling.
 P345_3E: a hot-swappable expansion card installed in the BG 20E
expansion slots providing three E3/DS-3 interfaces, each of which can be
independently selected via the software. Its front panel has six coaxial
connectors that provide interface cabling. Each E3/DS-3 interface channel
has one indicator for its interface mode indication (E3 or DS-3).
 M345_3: an extractable module installed in the traffic card of the MXC20
providing three E3/DS-3 interfaces, each of which can be independently
selected via the software.

Description
When used at the network edge, the BG-20 needs only a small number of E1
interfaces. In this case, the interfaces can be provided directly through the
built-in E1 interface unit of the MXC20. Additional E1 interfaces can be
provided by E1 daughterboards in the BG-20B Dslot and/or E1 cards in the
BG-20E expansion slots. A single BG-20 shelf can provide up to 252 E1
interfaces.
BG-20C only supports built-in 21E1 interfaces.
BG-30/BG-64
By flexibly configuring various PDH interface cards in its Tslot and extension
slots in the BG-30E, the BG-30 and BG-64 provide different types and
quantities of interfaces.
All Tslot and extension cards support hot-swap functionality, allowing their
insertion and extraction to and from the NE without affecting traffic in other
cards.
PDH Tslot and extension cards include:
 PME1_21 Tslot card: provides 21 E1 interfaces and supports output
retiming in the first eight channels (120 Ω only – external DDF with
120Ω-to-75Ω conversion required for 75 Ω E1s). Supports 1:2 or 1:1
tributary protection.
 PME1_63 Tslot card: provides 63 E1 interfaces and supports output
retiming in the first eight channels (120 Ω only – external DDF with
120Ω-to-75Ω conversion required for 75 Ω E1s). Supports 1:2 or 1:1
tributary protection.
 PM345_3 Tslot card: provides three E3/DS-3 configurable ports. Each
port can be set to DS-3 or E3 mode. Supports 1:1 tributary protection.
 PE1_63 expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG-30E
providing 63 E1 interfaces and supporting output retiming (120 Ω only –
external DDF with 120Ω-to-75Ω conversion required for 75 Ω E1s).
Supports 1:1 tributary protection.
 P345_3E expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG-30E
providing three E3/DS-3 interfaces, each of which can be independently
selected via the software. Supports 1:1 tributary protection.

Description
Ethernet Interface and

Switching
BG-20
Three configuration modes enable the BG-20 to provide Ethernet service
interfaces directly from the MXC20:
 BG-20B_L1: a BG-20 unit supporting six FE LAN interfaces with Layer 1
functionality. Each LAN interface is connected to an EoS internal interface
supporting VCAT/GFP/LCAS standards at VC-12, VC-3, or VC-4
granularity. The total supported capacity of the six L1 services is 622 Mbps
(252 x VC-12).
 BG-20B_L2M: a BG-20 unit supporting six FE LAN interfaces with Layer
2 functionality & MPLS capability.
 BG-20C: a BG-20 unit supporting up to four FE LAN interfaces with
Layer 2 functionality & MPLS capability.
BG-20B-L1 is ideal for EPL services. The bandwidth of each Ethernet service
channel can be flexibly set to VC-12 granularity. It can also be adjusted and
protected via LCAS.
The BG-20B-L2M, with its Layer 2 (MPLS ready) switch and multiple EoS
links, is ideal for EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN services, as well as
aggregation unit in point-to-multipoint solutions.
The BG-20C, with its Layer 2 (MPLS ready) switch and multiple EoS links, is
ideal for EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN services. It doesn't support a Dslot for
inserting additional traffic modules.
Layer 2 functions include ingress policing, standard double tagging, MAC
learning and switching, MSTP, ERSP, and so on. The Layer 2 switch
connected to the SDH aggregates through EoS interfaces with a total capacity
of 622 Mbps – 8 EoS channels for BG-20B_L2M and BG-20C. Each EoS can
support up to 155 Mbps for BG-20B_L2M and BG-20C. For EoS ports higher
than 100 Mbps, link aggregation can be activated. Link aggregation enables the
logical connection of two to four EoS physical ports to create a larger EoS pipe
than could be created by each port separately.

Description
For more Ethernet interfaces, the BG-20 supports the following cards:
 MGE_1_L1 Dslot card: provides one optical or electric Gbe interface with
Layer 1 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams.
 ME_2G_4F Dslot card: provides two GbE Combo interfaces, two FE
interfaces, and two FX interfaces with Layer 2 functionality over Ethernet
and SDH virtual concatenated streams. It supports 64 EoS interfaces, each
channel can be up to 4 x VC-4.
 MPS_2G_8F expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG 20E
providing two Combo GbE and eight electrical FE interfaces with Layer 2
and MPLS switch functionality over Ethernet and SDH virtual
concatenated streams. It supports 64 EoS interfaces, each channel can be up
to 4 x VC-4.
Support for EoP L1 services is achieved by using two EoP modules:
 MEOP_4H: a Dslot module for the BG-20B unit supporting four FE LAN
interfaces with Layer 1 and Layer 2 functionality, and aggregation
functionality based on VLAN tag. Each LAN interface is connected to an
EoP internal interface supporting VCAT/GFP/LCAS standards at E1
granularity. The total supported capacity of all four L1 services is up to 64
Mbps (32 x E1), with up to 32 Mbps (16 x E1) for a single service. One
MEOP module can be installed in each BG-20 shelf.
 SM_EOP: a traffic module for the SM_10E card supporting two FE LAN
interfaces with Layer 1 functionality. Up to nine SM_EOP modules can be
installed in each BG-20 shelf, with three modules per SM_10E card. Each
LAN interface is connected to an EoP internal interface supporting one of
the following two modes:
 VCAT/GFP/LCAS standards at E1 granularity with a total capacity of
8 Mbps (4 x E1)
 HDLC at 64 Kbps granularity with a total capacity of 2 Mbps per port
The BG-20 supports CES services using the following expansion card in the
BG-20E shelf:
 DMCE1_32: an expansion card supporting 32 x E1 balanced interfaces (an
external xDDF-21 is required for unbalanced interfaces) on the TDM side.
E1 traffic can also be from the network STM-4 backplane interface or
native Ethernet. Connection to Ethernet traffic is supported via an FE/GbE
combo port.

Description
BG-30 and BG-64

The BG-30 and BG-64 support a set of Ethernet cards providing an Ethernet
transport solution over SDH or PDH and an Ethernet switch solution (Layer 2).
The following Ethernet Cards are supported:
 DMFE_4_L1 Tslot card: provides four FE electrical interfaces with Layer
1 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams.
 DMFX_4_L1 Tslot card: provides four optical FE interfaces with Layer 1
functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams.
 DMGE_1_L1 Tslot card (only in BG-30): provides one optical or electric
Gbe interface with Layer 1 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated
streams.
 DMGE_4_L1 Tslot card: provides four optical or electric Gbe interface
with Layer 1 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams.
DMGE_4_L1 Tslot cards are available only for BG-30 in ADM16
configuration and BG-64, the total EoS capacity is 2.5 Gbps. BG-30 in
ADM-1/4 configuration does not support this card.
 DMEoP_4 Tslot card: provides four electrical FE interfaces with Layer 2
functionality over PDH (E1s) virtual concatenated streams.
 DMFE_4_L2 Tslot card: provides four electrical FE interfaces with
Layer 2 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams. This card
supports Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) functionality.
 DMFX_4_L2 Tslot card: provides four optical FE interfaces with Layer 2
functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams. This card supports
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) functionality.
 DMGE_2_L2 Tslot card: provides two optical or electrical GbE interfaces
with Layer 2 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams. This
card can be supported in all BG-30 and BG-64 (ADM-1/4/16/64)
configurations, and supports 64 EoS ports; when working in BG-30
ADM-16 or BG-64 system, its WAN bandwidth is 2.5 Gbps; when working
in BG-30 ADM-1/4 system, its WAN bandwidth is 622Mbps.
 DMGE_4_L2 Tslot card: provides four optical GbE interfaces with Layer
2 functionality over SDH virtual concatenated streams. This card can be
supported in BG-30 ADM-16 or BG-64 system configurations, and
supports 64 EoS ports; its WAN bandwidth is 2.5 Gbps.
 DMGE_8_L2 Tslot card (BG-64 only): provides two Combo GbE and six
optical GbE interfaces with Layer 2 functionality over SDH virtual
concatenated streams. This is a double-slot card and supported only in
BG-64 system configurations. It has 96 EoS ports with a WAN bandwidth
of 5 Gbps. The card supports Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)
functionality.

Description
 DMXE_48_L2 Tslot card (BG-64 only): provides 8 x GbE SFP based

interfaces and 4 x 10 GbE SFP+ based interfaces with Layer 2/MPLS
functionality over native Ethernet and SDH virtual concatenated streams.
This is a double-slot card and supported only in BG-64 system
configurations. It has 96 EoS ports with a WAN bandwidth of 5 Gbps. The
card supports Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) functionality.
 MPS_2G_8F expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG 30E
providing two Combo GbE and eight electrical FE interfaces with Layer 1
and Layer 2 with MPLS switch functionality (64 EoS WAN interfaces)
over native Ethernet and SDH virtual concatenated streams.
The BG-30 and BG-64 support CES services using the following cards:
 DMCES1_4 card: supports up to 4 x STM-1 interfaces on the TDM side.
STM-1 traffic can also be from the network STM-4 backplane interface.
Connection to Ethernet traffic is provided via a GbE interface.
 DMCE1_32 expansion card: an expansion card installed in the BG-30E
providing 32 x E1 interfaces on the TDM side and a FE/GbE combo port
on the Ethernet side. E1 traffic can also be from the STM-4 backplane
interface or native Ethernet.
The Ethernet ports of the various cards use the physical Ethernet interface to
receive and transmit Ethernet packets to and from the customer’s network.
Ethernet packets are mapped using native Ethernet and MPLS over Ethernet
and Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) standard on SDH or PDH streams
towards the matrix connections.

Description
Optical Amplifiers and DCMs

Overview
The BroadGate offers a single channel booster amplifier and a single channel
pre-amplifier, both for links of up to 10 Gbps.
The BroadGate offers a variety of Dispersion Compensating Modules (DCMs)
to properly compensate for chromatic dispersion.
The DCM utilizes state-of-the-art passive Fiber Bragg Grating technology and
provides a cost-effective solution for single-channel dispersion compensation,
usually in long reach SDH networks. Fiber Bragg Grating technology provides
a filter that reduces amplifier noise at the receiver, thereby increasing the
available power budget. Single-channel low-insertion-loss modules for
different distances dispersion compensation are available.
OBC for BG-30 and BG-64

The BroadGate offers an OBC (Optical Base Card) that can be inserted in the
Eslots of the BG-30E. Up to three OBC cards can be installed in each BG-30E
shelf. The OBC is designed with high modularity for maximum flexible
configuration.
Each OBC has three sub-slots: two for installing optical amplifier modules, and
a smaller one for installing a DCM module. The OBC and its modules support
live insertion.
The following optical amplifier modules are available:
 OM_BA: single channel booster amplifier with constant output power for
links up to 10 Gbps
 OM_PA: single channel pre-amplifier with constant output power of -14
dBm for links up to 10 Gbps
Each of these amplifiers can be installed in any of the wider slots in the OBC
without limitations. The amplifiers support full management capabilities.
The smaller (left-most) slot of the OBC supports installation of an
OM_DCMxx module (xx designates the dispersion compensation distance in
km). The module is available for the following distances: 40, 60, 80, and 100
km.

Description
Dslot, Tslot and Eslot Data

Traffic Functions
The BG-20 has a Dslot in the base unit and 3 Eslots in the expansion shelf,
supporting multiple cards with the same functions in the Dslot or Eslots. The
ability to support the same function in both, base and extension shelf increases
the flexibility during fan-out and unit design and preserves the
pay-as-you-grow concept.
The BG-30 and BG-64 are card-based units supporting multiple cards with the
same functions in the Tslots or Eslots. The ability to support the same function
in both base and extension shelf increases the flexibility during fan-out and unit
design and preserves the pay-as-you-grow concept.
Intelligent PCM Unit

In addition to the various PDH, SDH and Ethernet services, BG can directly
provide a wide variety of N x 64 Kbps interfaces, as well as the DXC1/0
processing function. The integration of DS-0 cross-connect and PCM
capabilities in one box effectively reduces network building and maintenance
costs. The N x 64 Kbps processing function of the BG equipment is provided
by the SM_10E – an intelligent PCM card in BG-20E expansion slots and the
BG-30E extension unit.
The SM_10E comprises 44 E1 mappers that connect MXC20 (BG-20)/XIO30
(BG-30)/XIO64 (BG-64) and a 1178 DS-0 cross-connect matrix. It supports up
to 24 varied 64 Kbps or N x 64 Kbps interfaces with corresponding traffic
modules in its three extractable module slots (MS1 to MS3). It supports the
following traffic interfaces: FXS, FXO, 2W/4W E&M, V.24, V.35, V.11/X.21,
Omni, Codir 64 Kbps, IEEE C37.94, and Ethernet over PDH (EoP) – N x 64
Kbps or N x E1. Framed E1s (N x 64 Kbps) are handled by transferring them
as VC-12s from the main SDH matrix. Up to three SM_10E cards can be
plugged into one BG expansion shelf.
The SM_10E provides three extractable module slots. Module live insertion is
supported. Any PCM traffic module can be configured into any module slot.
Each module front panel (except the SM_EoP and SM_C37.94) has a SCSI-36
connector that provides the cabling for a number of 64 Kbps or N x 64 Kbps
interfaces, depending on the module type. The SM_EoP module provides two
10/100BaseT interfaces on its front panel.
To enable EoP functionality with N x E1 in the BG-30/BG-64, the SM_10E
supports 12 dedicated E1s that connect directly to the XIO30/XIO64 cards,
bypassing the DS-0 cross connect.

Description
The SM_10E provides the following benefits and features:

 Large capacity and high density: supports 44 E1s (VC-12s from the
MXC20/XIO30/XIO64/XIO16_4 through the BG-20E/BG-30E backplane),
24 x 64 Kbps interfaces and a 1178 x DS-0 cross connect in a single card
 Provides a wide range of traffic interfaces, including FXS, FXO, 2W, 4W,
4W E&M, V.24, V.35, V.11/X.21, Omni, Codir 64 Kbps, framed E1 for N
x 64 Kbps, EoP, and C37.94.
 Framed E1 for N x 64 Kbps
 High flexibility with extractable modules, and traffic modules that support
hot insertion
 Flexible timing references, including 16 E1 recovered clocks, timing
references from each traffic module, system clock from the
XIO30/XIO64/XIO16_4 cards, and an internal clock
 Easy operation and maintenance, supporting concurrent SDH, PCM and
data traffic, and end-to-end circuit provisioning at the 64 Kbps level
The following table lists the traffic interface modules supported by the
SM_10E in the BG-20, BG-30, and BG-64.
Table 6-1: SM_10E interfaces
Module name Traffic type Number of Ports per Max. ports per Max. ports per
modules per module SM_10E card BG-30E shelf
SM_10E
card
SM_V35_V11 V.35 ,or V.11/X.24, 3 2 6 18
or V.24 (64K)
configurable
Over N x 64K or
unframed E1
SM_24E V.24 3 8 24 72
Transparent mode
Async mode
Sync mode 4 12 36
2 6 18
SM_FXS_8E FXS 3 8 24 72
SM_FXO_8E FXO 3 8 24 72
SM_EM_ 2/4W E&M 3 6 18 54
24W_6E
SM_Codir_ Codir 3 4 12 36
4E
SM_Omni_E Omnibus 3 4 x 4W 12 x 4W 36 x 4W
8 conference 24 conference 72 conference
groups groups groups
SM_EoP EoP 3 2 6 18
SM_C37.94 C37.94 3 2 6 18

Description

7
BG-Wave: Wireless
Transmission Support for the
BG Family
In this chapter:
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7-2
Microwave Complementary Solution for BG and More ................................. 7-3
BG-Wave Product Line ................................................................................... 7-6
Benefits and Features....................................................................................... 7-7
BG-Wave's Value Proposition ......................................................................... 7-8
Applications ..................................................................................................... 7-9
Mobile Backhauling ...................................................................................... 7-10
WiMAX Backhauling .................................................................................... 7-11
Fixed-Line Access Backhaul ......................................................................... 7-12
BGW-10 Dedicated MRAN Platforms .......................................................... 7-14
BGW-E MRAN Expansion Shelves .............................................................. 7-16
MW_2 Base Cards ......................................................................................... 7-20
MIF Modules ................................................................................................. 7-21
BGW-O ODU ................................................................................................ 7-22
Modular Configuration Options .................................................................... 7-25
Timing and Synchronization ......................................................................... 7-28
Spectral Efficiency and Bandwidth Optimization ......................................... 7-30

BG-Wave: Wireless Transmission BroadGate Product Line General
Support for the BG Family Description
Introduction
Mobile data traffic has already surpassed mobile voice traffic and is expected
to grow by an order of magnitude over the coming years. Mobile operators are
scrambling to meet this challenge.
To satisfy the ever-growing demand for services at an ever-lower cost, mobile
operators are turning to 3G IP and 4G wireless technologies to deliver voice
and data services. Wireless backhaul is expected to shift to a packet-based
infrastructure in order to cope with this huge traffic growth, lowering the cost
per bit while relieving bandwidth bottlenecks. The bandwidth scalability and
cost-reducing capability of next generation (NG) networks greatly relieve
network operators’ immediate pain. But their challenges go far beyond. An
optimized backhaul network capable of enabling new services and revenues
requires the enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) and performance management
capabilities intrinsic to NG networks. For all these reasons, the move to NG
wireless backhaul is essential.
Wireless communications means freedom. The freedom to get the services you
want in a wire-free environment. Cellular technology enables the freedom of
mobility, while microwave (MW) technology builds transport networks
without having to rely on a fiber or copper infrastructure.
Advantages of MW technology include support of higher data rates than those
available over copper leased lines, combined with lower cost and higher
availability than fiber, as well as faster provisioning and deployment. MW
equipment is also more portable, easily dismantled and moved as needed.
Wireless (cellular, WiMAX) and fixed line operators, enterprises, utilities, and
defense entities are all using MW for point-to-point (P2) transmission.
Additional MW applications include backhaul for mobile networks when
alternative backhaul means do not exist or are too costly to implement;
substitute for fiber when dealing with problematic terrain, no right of way, or
tight implementation schedules; backup for copper or fiber links; and ring
closure for metro and core fiber rings.
Despite its wide use, MW installation has been primarily through standalone
equipment, providing simple wireless transmission pipes. Great efforts have
been invested to make these links reliable and increase their capacity, but they
never extended beyond their role in the physical layer or became an integral
part of the network equipment. With the shift from TDM-based to
Ethernet-based infrastructure, new hybrid and pure Ethernet MW products
were introduced.

BroadGate Product Line General BG-Wave: Wireless Transmission
Description Support for the BG Family
What service providers are expecting from MW equipment today is far beyond
this. The ECI Telecom BG-Wave product line provides:
 A product for life with an ideal mix of scalability and growth options in a
single box
 Future-proof, supporting any technology over any medium
 No upfront costs - evolving as needed, when needed
 Smooth and cost-effective migration to NG networks with advanced
networking and multiservice capabilities
Microwave Complementary
Solution for BG and More
The BG-Wave multiservice radio node (MRAN) provides integrated
microwave transport with full-blown networking and multiservice
capabilities. The BG-Wave provides GbE Ethernet radio service with native
TDM capabilities using field-proven RF system components. The BG-Wave’s
efficient combination of all-native hybrid and pure packet service provides
optimized carrier-grade service for any mixture of interfaces.
Figure 7-1: GbE Ethernet radio service with native TDM capabilities
The tight integration of MW radio and networking in a single system reduces

floor space, power consumption, and cost. The modular architecture provides a
range of flexible implementation options, for scalable and versatile
configurations that are able to leverage an existing MSPP/CESR installed base
even as it enables seamless migration to pure packet networks.
Figure 7-2: BG-Wave multiservice radio transmission

ECI Telecom's integrated microwave radio solutions offer a wide range of

connectivity options for numerous customer applications. ECI’s holistic
approach to networking is reflected in the smooth end-to-end (E2E) TDM and
Ethernet service provisioning of any service over any media through LightSoft,
a unified multilayer network management system (NMS). A single NMS
manages all technologies utilized in the entire backhaul transport network.
Multiservice Capabilities
BG-Wave brings a new approach to MW-based transmission equipment.
Rather than adding limited networking functionality to MW equipment,
BG-Wave is a full-scale multiservice transport system with integrated MW
technology. BG-Wave is equipped to support any network topology,
technology mix, or migration phase of the service provider network.
The BG-Wave offers the best of all worlds with a complete range of interface
implementations for optimal efficiency in any context, including hybrid
products, providing native TDM and native Ethernet service as well as pure
packet products handling TDM via circuit emulation (CES). The flexible mix
of ADM, TDM cross connect, ETH/MPLS-TP switching, and CES
functionalities combined with microwave radio capabilities means that we can
help you design an infrastructure implementation tailored to your network
evolution requirements.
Figure 7-3: MRAN multiservice capabilities

Microwave radio transmissions must provide stable, reliable, efficiently

optimized signal transmission under complex circumstances. Some of the
challenges faced by MW radio network operators include:
 The signal frequency and channels available to the network operator are
tightly regulated and controlled. Operators must operate only within their
licensed allotments, squeezing the maximum bandwidth payload possible
out of the available frequency and channels. The spectral efficiency and
bandwidth-optimization mechanisms built into BG-Wave platforms are
described in Spectral Efficiency and Bandwidth Optimization (on page
7-30).
 Protection and resiliency mechanisms for radio signals and equipment are
not the same as those used in copper or fiber networks. MW platforms must
provide the appropriate types of MW protection as well as integrate
smoothly into the other network protection mechanisms that are part of an
E2E NMS. BG-Wave platforms provide a comprehensive suite of
protection mechanisms, for a detailed description refer to the BG-Wave
General Description.
 Equipment for traditional copper or fiber networks is typically based within
COs and other environmentally-controlled settings. MW radio
transmissions require ODUs that must be exposed to the elements as the
antenna dishes transmit and receive signals. All BG-Wave equipment is
robust and weather-resistant. The ODUs operate at extended temperatures
ranges of up to 70°C, and the IDUs up to 55°C. The BG-Wave’s robust
accessories are described in the BG-Wave General Description.
Microwave radio solutions have several clear advantages over "wired" options.
They are faster to plan and install, more compact, and easily reconfigured for
scalability and simple upgrades. The BG-Wave’s comprehensive multiservice
multimedia approach keeps service providers in the driver’s seat, allowing
them to pay only for what they need when they need it, with no up-front costs.

BG-Wave Product Line

The BG-Wave product lines provide a selection of platforms and expansion
shelves that address your networking needs, for all ranges of size,
configuration, and service level requirements. The BG-Wave product line is
organized as follows:
 BGW-10: 1RU indoor unit (IDU) with two multipurpose traffic/radio slots
for extractable modules
 BGW-20: 3RU IDU with two subunits:
 BG-20B MSPP base unit with one multiservice traffic slot
 BGW-20E MRAN expansion unit with three multipurpose traffic/radio
slots
 BG-30B MSPP base unit with three multiservice traffic slots
 BGW-E MRAN expansion unit with three multipurpose traffic/radio
slots
 BG-64B MSPP base unit with seven multiservice traffic slots
slots
 BG-9310 CESR base unit with one multiservice traffic slot
slots
 BGW-O Out Door Unit (ODU), transmitting radio signals to all the
different BG-Wave platforms, supporting from 6 GHz up to 38 GHz
Figure 7-4: BG-Wave product line
ECI Telecom’s comprehensive, solution-oriented approach to microwave

service includes everything needed for successful implementation, including
indoor and outdoor standalone units, expansion shelves, antennas, and all
necessary accessories, down to the couplers and pole mounts!

Benefits and Features

The BG-Wave MRAN provides the following benefits:
 Ultimate flexibility and scalability:
 Any service over any medium: TDM (PDH, SDH),
Ethernet/Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), over MW and/or
fiber
 Smooth evolution at your pace without forklift upgrades:
 From TDM MW to hybrid and Ethernet MW
 From Ethernet over TDM (Ethernet over PDH (EoP), Ethernet over
SDH (EoS)) to hybrid (native TDM and native Ethernet) and to
TDM over Ethernet (CES)
 From Layer 1 to Provider Bridge (PB) and MPLS-TP via software
(SW) license keys
 Optional microwave radio (MWR) expansion for BG installed base
 Advanced networking capabilities:
 Carrier Class Ethernet with Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS-TP service
 All MEF services over MW, including E-Line (EPL, EVPL),
E-LAN (EPLAN, EVPLAN), and E-Tree (rooted multipoint EP-Tree,
EVP-Tree)
 Synchronization options, including SyncE and IEEE 1588v2
 Ring and mesh topologies
 Multi-ADM
 Advanced ring protection for both Ethernet and TDM
 Unified NMS:
 E2E service provisioning and monitoring for all technologies across all
media
 Unique Customer Network Management (CNM) supporting
infrastructure shared by several service providers
With these advanced capabilities, BG-Wave equipment is fast becoming an
integral part of the transport network, ready to support seamless evolution to an
Ethernet-based infrastructure.

BG-Wave equipment serves as a flexible bridge between various media and

technologies, providing all-native service, separately or simultaneously, for:
 P2P MW radio service over 6-38 GHz licensed radio bands
 All-native TDM service, including:
 SDH from 1 x STM-1 up to 6 x STM-1 (MW) and up to STM-64
(fiber)
 Native PDH service up to 84 x E1/T1, 3 x E3/DS-3, and n x 64 kbps
 FE, GbE, and 10 GbE Ethernet/MPLS service
 High-capacity Ethernet radio service with 1 Gbps throughput and full
Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS-TP functionality
 Any mixture of interfaces over MW, including:
 CES for E1/T1 over Ethernet
 Ethernet over PDH service
 All-native Hybrid+ TDM and Ethernet service
 Typical packet payload per channel bandwidth with header compression
ranges from 7-56 MHz:50-500 Mbps
BG-Wave's Value Proposition

The BG-Wave is a powerful platform available in Hybrid+ and packet
configurations that provides MW transport with full networking and
multiservice capabilities. This single platform offers:
 E2E solution for any service over any medium - valuable flexibility while
reducing cost, complexity, floor space, and power consumption.
 Pay-as-you-grow approach with no down payment; pay only for the
services you actually use as your network evolves.
 Comprehensive multiservice capabilities that include both hybrid and pure
packet service with any combination of TDM and carrier class Ethernet
(Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS-TP).
 All MEF services available over MW, including E-Line, E-LAN, and
E-Tree, with secure carrier grade protection and redundancy.
 Smooth and cost-effective migration to NG networks, with advanced
networking and multiservice capabilities.
 Management by LightSoft, ECI’s award-winning E2E unified multilayer
NMS.
 A product for life, offering ultimate scalability and growth options in a
single box. This is a future-proof platform, supporting any service over any
media.

Applications
The BG-Wave product line provides a mobile service solution for network
operators in many different contexts:
 Mobile operators, whether they are focusing only on mobile service or
adding multiplay services to their business plan. The BG-Wave’s spectral
efficiency provides maximum capacity per channel and the multiservice
capabilities make it a natural fit for any service mixture.
 CoCs, CLECs, MSOs, and utilities that have positioned themselves as
wholesalers supplying wholesale services to a range of service providers.
The BG-Wave’s combination of flexibility and security make it the right
choice for complex open access systems as well as VLAN providers
supporting multiple client networks.
 Homeland security requires secure, robust networking capabilities to fulfill
their mission. MW network infrastructures provide an excellent alternative
for these complex organizations, providing a flexible, cost-effective
infrastructure that is quick to implement and easy to manage as they enter
the world of networking. MW is an intelligent choice also for the
long-term, since it will continue to provide the enhanced power and
services they will need as their requirements grow over time.
 Municipalities, universities, schools, and hospitals who are adding scalable
connectivity and high capacity networking services to their private
networks. Private networks serve as gateways to essential services under
many different contexts.

Mobile Backhauling
Most cellular networks currently deploy a blend of 2G and 3G infrastructures
as they look ahead to 4G and long term evolution (LTE) technology. To cope
efficiently with the complex realities of today’s cellular network
implementations, operators require a flexible scalable solution that can handle
the different technology permutations, including any combination of 2G TDM
(E1/T1 and STM-1), 3G hybrid TDM/Ethernet, and the all-Ethernet goal of
LTE and 4G networks.
Figure 7-5: MW network service for today and tomorrow
ECI Telecom’s cellular backhaul solutions support all these interfaces and
technologies and enable a risk-free migration path in terms of scalability, traffic
mix, topology, synchronization, network protection, and E2E service
management. Precise synchronization through a choice of TDM-based, SyncE,
and IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization mechanisms ensures the highest
quality cellular service over any combination of network technologies. The
BG-Wave is a powerful efficient choice ideally suited to the dynamic nature of
cellular backhauling networks, providing MW capabilities with enhanced
spectral efficiency for optimal bandwidth utilization, simultaneously supporting
legacy and modern technologies and interfaces.

Moving Towards LTE Networks

MW technology is most commonly used to backhaul traffic in cellular and
WiMAX networks. The reasons for selecting MW over alternative technologies
vary, depending on cost, time of deployment, availability, and feasibility of
other solutions. MW rollout is fast and costs far less than laying fiber, which in
many cases is simply impossible.
The industry is so highly dynamic that the only constant factor is change. Fiber
is being rolled out in more locations, towers that served 2G BTS must also
support 3G NodeBs and WiMAX, and the Ethernet/TDM traffic mix is
changing. With the onset of LTE, new services and traffic load will pose
greater challenges to the backhaul infrastructure.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the term dubbed by the Third Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) that oversaw UMTS 3G development of 3GPP as a
high data rate, low-latency, packet-optimized radio access technology. LTE
enables far higher speeds with much lower packet latency. This allows
expanding wireless communications to support multimedia applications and
become a true wireless broadband technology.
In order to achieve these goals, LTE specifications deal with aspects beyond
the air interface, championing a flat packet-based architecture that eliminates
BSC and RNC devices. A simplified and more efficient network is provided,
enabling ease and flexibility of deployment and operation.
ECI's Multiservice Radio Node (MRAN) is well positioned to cope with the
challenges imposed by LTE requirements. It incorporates cutting-edge radio
technologies together with full-blown multiservice and networking capabilities.
WiMAX Backhauling
WiMAX backhauling is defined by the transport infrastructure between the
base stations and the WiMAX Access Service Network gateway (ASN-GW).
Base stations aggregate and control the wireless network toward client devices
and transport traffic to the operator Core Service Network (CSN). There are
several options for deploying WiMAX technology and the choice of method
critically influences the success of deployment.
WiMAX’s high-capacity service requires Ethernet connectivity between base
stations. The high-capacity all-IP networks require pure packet networking
implementations capable of delivering the necessary capacity with smooth
scalability at the lowest possible cost per bit. ECI Telecom’s BG-Wave
platforms provide exactly that - robust transport that meets the high standard of
WiMAX backhaul.

The BG-Wave provides an extensive range of synchronization mechanisms,

low radio link latency, and high spectral efficiency, meeting the strictest QoS
standards with maximum efficiency. BG-Wave platforms can be incorporated
into any network topology: ring, tree, or mesh, and integrate smoothly into
hybrid wireless/wireline network configurations. The robust, environmentally
hardened platforms can be located almost anywhere, including in street
cabinets and even in rooftop installations.
ECI Telecom's MW backhaul solution enables WiMAX in multiple scenarios,
especially in places where fiber is either too expensive or unavailable. This
trend is already visible all over the world, where MW offers a cost-effective
and immediate backhaul solution.
Figure 7-6: WiMAX backhauling service
Fixed-Line Access Backhaul

As the name indicates, wireline networks are based on a wired infrastructure.
Access networks have traditionally been fixed-line networks, relying on copper
and fiber as the medium of choice. However, these options are not always cost
effective, available, or even possible to implement within certain contexts and
topologies. This is when MW technology comes into play:
 Communication expansion in low-density or residential areas - MW is the
technology that makes the vision of "communication for all" possible by
expanding the telecom infrastructure into less developed areas.
 Making connectivity feasible - whether a dense urban area, no right of way,
problematic terrain, or sites scattered over a large geographic area, MW
requires only a line of sight to make the connection possible.
 Backup for copper or fiber links - assuring mission-critical link QoS.
 Private networks - utilities, ISPs.
 Business and enterprise networks - easy way to connect buildings or
campuses.

MW equipment must therefore be capable of providing the required bandwidth,

reliability, and transition to NGN packet-based networks by supporting:
 Transport grade: full redundancy and sub-50 msec protection schemes for
both TDM and Ethernet.
 Hub functionality: connecting SDH fiber rings with MW links within the
same box.
 Flexible mix of TDM and Ethernet support.
 Full life cycle support of migration from TDM- to packet-based
infrastructure, from Ethernet over TDM (EoP, EoS) to hybrid TDM, and
Ethernet to TDM over Ethernet (CES).
Since many service providers are expanding beyond their original core business
in search of extra revenue sources, the same network is required to handle
additional services. An MRAN capable of supporting a wider mix of
applications within the same box is a key factor in building a cost-effective
converged infrastructure.
Figure 7-7: Fixed-line access backhaul

BGW-10 Dedicated MRAN

Platforms
BGW-10 platforms are 1RU compact modular multiservice radio nodes. The
BGW-10 IDU supports the complete range of native and hybrid TDM,
PDH/SPDH, SDH, Ethernet/MPLS services (Layer 1, Layer 2, and MPLS-TP),
and up to three radio directions. This is a versatile, scalable, and cost-effective
system that caters to virtually every interface option in a single compact
platform.
These independent, standalone MRAN platforms are available in several
configuration options. All BGW-10 platforms share the following basic design.
 At the heart of the BGW-10 is a dual matrix with native-hybrid switching
fabric and cross-connect (XC) module, for optimal efficiency and traffic
handling.
 Native Ethernet service for FE/GbE interfaces is provided by the NPU,
with a built-in CPU for efficient Layer 2/MPLS switching.
 Native TDM service for E1/T1/SDH/SPDH interfaces is provided. The
nonblocking XC supports 252 E1/T1 (3 x 84) capacity.
 Radio input is transmitted from a radio antenna via coaxial cable to the
built-in Modem Interface (MIF) module. The radio signal is then demuxed
into any combination of GbE and TDM signals and routed through the
NPU or XC cards, as appropriate.
 Two multiservice traffic slots can be used for radio, data, or TDM traffic,
depending on the card used.
 Onboard input options support both data and TDM interfaces.
 The TMU provides timing and synchronization capabilities, supporting
both SyncE and IEEE 1588v2 synchronization mechanisms.
 Redundant pathways are provided for each interface type, providing a wide
range of configuration options with enhanced resilience.
 Two INF modules provide redundant power sources.
 An FCU with multiple fans provides redundant cooling capabilities.

BGW-10 Platform Layout
Figure 7-8: BGW-10 platform with MIF-10 and STM-1/OC-3 cards in the traffic slots
The BGW-10 1U platform is housed in a 243 mm deep, 465 mm wide, and

44 mm high equipment cage. It can be installed in various ways, depending on
operator requirements. The platform may be installed in standard 19" or ETSI
racks, in street cabinets, or indoor offices.
Platform components for the BGW-10 are arranged as follows:
 Built-in support for:
 One MIF connector to the BGW-O ODU.
 16 x E1/T1 interfaces, software configurable.
 2 x FE ports, enabled for dual use as traffic or Wayside Channel ports.
 2 x GbE combo ports (SFP or copper 10/100/1000BT).
 Two multipurpose slots (T1 to T2) for extractable traffic (TDM, ADM,
Ethernet, CES, and EoPDH) and MIF cards. All data and SDH interfaces
are through convenient SFP modules. BGW-10 platforms work with the
following cards:
 MIF-10, for native hybrid TDM and Ethernet MWR interfaces towards
an ODU (for additional radio directions or protected links). MIF-10
modules transmit the IF radio signal received on the incoming coaxial
cable from the ODU through a terminal node controller (TNC)
connection.
 PMET1_16, supporting 16 x E1/T1.
 SM1_2, supporting 2 x STM-1/OC-3.
 PMW_345, supporting 3 x E3/DS3.
 DMEOP_4, supporting 4 x FE Ethernet over PDH.
 One FE port for DCN or LCT/CLI network management interface.
 One FE port for external protection.
 One connector to be used for V.11 synchronous interface for up to
64 Kbps or RS-232 asynchronous interface for up to 19.2 Kbps.
 One OW unit connection interface supporting 64 Kbps voice
communication channels (G.711) as well as optional VoIP.
 Alarm input/output interfaces, including four input alarms (TTL) and
one output alarm (C relay).

 One INF-10 -48 VDC power supply subunit. This is a dual-feed subunit
with two connectors for redundancy, as well as accidental removal
protection.
 One FCU-10 removable fan unit with four separate fans to support cooling
system redundancy, plus an optional air filter.
The following figure depicts the layout of the basic BGW-10 platform.
Figure 7-9: BGW-10 slot allocation (2)
BGW-E MRAN Expansion Shelves

BGW-E and BGW-20E platforms are 2RU high density modular radio add-ons
for multiservice base units. The BGW-E/20E expansion shelves support the
complete range of native and hybrid TDM, PDH, SDH, and Ethernet services,
over microwave, fiber, or electrical media, with up to six radio directions. This
is a versatile, scalable, cost-effective add-on for existing BroadGate MSPP and
CESR platforms. Integrating this add-on platform into your network
configuration is not traffic-affecting.
Figure 7-10: BGW-20E expansion unit

These flexible add-on MRAN platforms are available in several configuration

options. BGW-E/20E platforms share the following basic design.
 Three multiservice traffic slots can be used for radio, data, or TDM traffic,
depending on the card used.
 BroadGate MSPP I/O extension cards are used for data and TDM
traffic.
 An MW_2 base card in the traffic slot accommodates one or two
MIF-E or MIF-EX cards for transmitting radio signals.
Radio input is transmitted from a radio antenna via coaxial cable to the
MIF modules. The radio signal is then demuxed into any combination
of GbE and TDM signals and routed through the backplane to the
appropriate destination in the base platform.
BGW-E/20E platforms work with two types of MW_2 base cards:
MW_2M cards are used with BroadGate MSPP base platforms and
MW_2C cards are used with BroadGate CESR base platforms.
 Redundant pathways are provided for each interface type, providing a wide
range of configuration options with enhanced resilience.
 Up to two INF modules provide redundant power sources.
 An FCU with multiple fans provides redundant cooling capabilities.
The following figure illustrates traffic flow pathways in the BGW-E/20E
platform.
Figure 7-11: BGW-E/20E block diagram

BGW-E/20E Expansion Platform Layout
NOTES: Since the BGW-E and BGW-20E share the same

modular architecture and platform layout, the following
description is relevant for both the BGW-E and the
BGW-20E. The platform is therefore referred to in this
section as the BGW-E/20E.
For easier reading, the slot layout is not repeated in the
BGW-30, BGW-64, or BGW-9310 sections. The reader is
simply referred back to this slot layout description.
Figure 7-12: BGW-E expansion unit
The BGW-E/20E 2U expansion unit is housed in a 243 mm deep, 465 mm

wide, and 88 mm high equipment cage. Expansion units include their own
independent power supply and fan unit, for additional reliability and security.
Platform components for the BGW-E/20E are arranged as follows:
 Three multipurpose slots (ES1 to ES3) for any combination of extractable
traffic and MW_2 base cards. TDM, ADM, Ethernet, CES, and EoPDH
traffic are all handled through cards in these traffic slots, with all interfaces
through convenient SFP modules. BGW-E/20E platforms work with the
following cards:
 MW_2 base cards with one or two MIF-E or MIF-EX modules.
MW_2M cards are used with BroadGate Hybrid+ base platforms and
MW_2C cards with BroadGate packet base platforms.
 PE1_63, electrical 63 x E1 PDH card, 120 Ω.
 P345_3E, electrical 3 x E3/DS-3 PDH card.
 SM_10E, multiservice PCM and DXC1/0 interface card supporting
N x 64 Kbps.
 S1_4, optical or electrical 4 x STM-1 card.
 S4_1, optical 1 x STM-4 card.
 ESW_2G_8FE, EoS processing and metro Layer 2 switching card with
GbE/FE interfaces.

 MPS_2G_8F, Layer 2 card supporting 2 x GbE combo ports,

8 x 10/100BaseT ports, and up to 64 EoS/MoT ports with total
bandwidth of 4 x VC-4.
 TP21_2, E1 2:1 I/O protection card for 21 ports.
 TP63_1, E1 1:1 I/O protection card for 63 ports.
 TPS1_1, high-rate (3 x E3/DS-3, 4 x STM-1e) 1:1 I/O protection card
for up to 4 ports.
 Two slots for INF-WE power supply units supporting up to 480 W. There
are two units for system redundancy. Note that INF modules are extractable
in the BGW-E and fixed in the BGW-20E.
 One FCU-WE fan unit consisting of three separate fans to support cooling
system redundancy.
The following figure depicts the layout of the basic BGW-E/20E platform.
Figure 7-13: BGW-E/20E slot allocation
Typical power consumption for the BGW-E/20E is 300 W and is monitored

through the management software. For more information about power
consumption requirements, see the BG-Wave Installation and Maintenance
Manual and the BG-Wave System Specifications.

MW_2 Base Cards

The MW_2 base card slides smoothly into any of the three traffic slots of the
BGW-E and BGW-20E expansion platforms. These base cards can hold one or
two extractable MIF modules supporting a mixture of TDM and Ethernet over
MW. BGW-E/20E expansion platforms work with two types of MW_2 base
cards:
 MW_2M used with BroadGate Hybrid+ base units.
 MW_2C used with BroadGate packet base units.
The following figure illustrates an MW_2M base card with two MIF modules.
Figure 7-14: MW_2M with two MIF modules
MW_2 base cards provide the following capabilities:

 Header compression for efficient Ethernet over Radio (EoR) service
 Multi-radio aggregation capabilities providing single-pipe behavior of a
dual-channel radio link
 Cross Polarization Interference Cancelation (XPIC) capacity doubling for
MIF-EX modules
 Protection of the MIF and ODU modules (for 1+1 radio protection)
Figure 7-15: MW_2 functional block diagram

MW_2M
The MW_2M base card is for expansion shelves used with BroadGate Hybrid+
base platforms. The MW_2M supports hybrid traffic through the MIF radio
cards. The mixture of supported services includes:
 Native Ethernet
 Native TDM
 EoS
 Hybrid TDM and Ethernet mixtures
Figure 7-16: MW_2M front panel with two MIF-E cards
MW_2C
The MW_2C base card is for expansion shelves used with BroadGate packet
base platforms. The MW_2C supports pure Ethernet traffic. This module is the
ideal choice for pure packet network configurations that do not need to support
a mixture of different interface types.
MIF Modules
MIF modules are Modem Intermediate Frequency components that receive
incoming signals from a radio antenna and convert them to TDM or Ethernet
traffic for transmission through the rest of the network. (The radio signals are
actually collected by the radio antenna, converted to an intermediate frequency
by a modem, and transmitted through a coaxial cable to the MIF module.)
Supported features include:
 Automatic Transmitter Power Control (ATPC)
 Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) for smooth flow control with no
packet loss and intelligent congestion management through profiling based
on CoS and color
 Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC) in the MIF-EX
For more information about the BG-Wave’s built-in optimization capabilities,
see Spectral Efficiency and Bandwidth Optimization (on page 7-30).

MIF-E
MIF-E modules transmit the intermediate frequency radio signal received on
the incoming coaxial cable from the ODU through a TNC connection. MIF-E
modules are used in MW_2 base cards in BGW-E/20E platforms.
MIF-EX
MIF-EX modules transmit the IF radio signal received on the incoming coaxial
cable from the ODU through a TNC connection. These modules provide
enhanced capacity through XPIC functionality described in XPIC (see "Cross
Polarization Interference Cancelation" on page 7-33). MIF-EX modules are
inserted into MW_2 base cards used in BGW-E/20E expansion platforms.
BGW-O ODU
The BGW-O is the ODU of the BG-Wave product line. The ODU is
responsible for signal amplification and frequency conversion between the RF
signal and the IF signal. Radio signals may be transmitting any combination of
SDH/SONET, SPDH, and/or GbE data interfaces within the RF frame.
An outgoing IF signal is converted to an RF signal, amplified, and transmitted
through the antenna. An incoming RF signal is filtered, demodulated into the
appropriate IF signal, and forwarded via the connecting coaxial cable to the
MIF card within the BG-Wave platform. The coaxial cable also transmits
management channel data, and provides power from the BG-Wave platform
power supply unit to the ODU.
Figure 7-17: BGW-O ODU block diagram

BGW ODU modules support licensed ETSI and FCC frequency bands between
6 GHz and 38 GHz. Modulation schemes range from QPSK up to 256 QAM,
with both standard power and high power transmission models. Supported
channels depend on the licensing region:
 ETSI: 7-56 MHz channels
 FCC: 10-50 MHz
The output power setting range is software controllable, with an option to mute
transmission output power. BGW ODU platforms support Adaptive Transmit
Power Control (ATPC). TDM and Ethernet bandwidth in each channel spacing
and in each modulation are dynamically assigned within the ranges defined in a
configurable table. TDM traffic optimization is comparable to that of pure PDH
systems.
Configuration and Installation Options

The BGW-O ODU is designed as a robust, environmentally-hardened
component, built to withstand the rigors of an outdoor installation.
Mounting may be either as a direct mount, where the outdoor unit is mounted
directly onto the antenna or coupler, or as a remote mount, where the outdoor
units are connected to the antenna through a waveguide.

When a single ODU is used with a single antenna, the ODU is mounted
directly onto the back of the antenna. When two ODUs are used with a single
small antenna, the ODUs are connected to the antenna through a coupler
module, described in BG-Wave General Description. When two ODUs are
used with a larger or double-polarized antenna, the ODUs are connected
through a hybrid coupler using a remote mounting configuration. A simple
combination of antenna and ODU, about to be attached in a direct mount, is
Figure 7-18: Antenna/ODU combination

Modular Configuration Options

The completely modular architecture of the BG-Wave means that the exact
network configuration can be tailored to meet specific network operator
requirements. BG-Wave platforms support mesh, star, ring, and chain
topologies. All system design, provisioning, and management activities are
controlled by a single NMS with E2E service provisioning.
A few typical network configuration options are listed in this section. Note that
many of these configurations include a protection element. For more
information about various protection configuration options, refer to the
BG-Wave General Description.
 One ODU and one MIF arranged in a 1+0 configuration. This is a minimal
configuration that is optimized for an unprotected tail site.
Figure 7-19: 1+0 configuration for unprotected tail sites

 Remote mounting is supported to accommodate specific equipment

requirements such as a very large antenna. A remote mount version of the
1+1 protection installation illustrated previously is shown here.
Figure 7-20: 1+1 protection, remote mount installation

 The preceding configuration options are supported by all BG-Wave

platforms, both BGW-10 and BGW-E product lines. The BGW-E platforms
provide additional RF connectivity capacity beyond that available in
BGW-10 platforms. For example, the BGW-E can provide up to six radio
links for a busy hub site. The following figure illustrates a 4+0 and 1+ 1
configuration, with four unprotected links and one link with full HSB
protection.
Figure 7-21: 4+0 and 1+1 configuration in a busy hub site

 XPIC capability is implemented in MIF-EX modules. XPIC doubles the

capacity available per radio channel. The following figure illustrates a
typical 2+0 East-West configuration with XPIC for a high capacity ring
site.
Figure 7-22: 2+0 East-West configuration with XPIC capacity
Timing and Synchronization

The asynchronous nature of Ethernet is a challenge for transmission of TDM
services such as E1/T1. TDM services require precise synchronization between
clocks at the source and destination nodes. Similarly, networks require smooth
call handoff between adjacent cells. This section describes the BG-Wave
timing and synchronization subsystems.
BG-Wave platforms support a variety of network synchronization options,
including SyncE as per ITU-T G.8261 and IEEE 1588v2. BG-Wave platforms
provide the highest quality service, meeting the appropriate ITU-T standards
for holdover and input/output jitter (G.823/PDH and G.835/SDH) and thereby
ensuring high-quality E2E transport over the network. Synchronization
references are classified at any given time according to a predefined priority
and prevailing signal quality.

Synchronization in BGW-10 Platforms

To support reliable timing, BGW-10 provides multiple synchronization
reference options that can be monitored simultaneously (E1/T1, SDH, Radio
Frame, SyncE, IEEE 1588v2, or internal equipment clock).
In BGW-10, any timing signal can be selected as a reference source. The
built-in TMU provides direct control over source selection (received from the
system software) and the frequency control loop. The choice of
synchronization source depends on the source quality, priority, and the
synchronization mode of the network timing topology (set by the EMS-BGF or
LCT-BGF).
When working with SyncE or TDM synchronization protocols, the BGW-10
synchronization subsystem synchronizes to the best available timing source
using the Synchronization Status Marker (SSM) protocol. The TMU is
frequency-locked to this source, providing internal system, SDH, Ethernet, and
radio frame line transmission timing. The platform is synchronized to this
central timing source.
BGW-10 platforms support the following input and output clock references:
 Free running internal clock provided by Single Edge Clock (SEC) level
Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator/Temperature Controlled Crystal
Oscillator (VCXO/TCXO)
 IEEE 1588v2 clock recovered from max. two sources
 1 pps signal output based on IEEE 1588v2 (output only)
 Line timing clock recovered from any TDM interface
 Radio Frame clock recovered from radio symbols (input only)
 SyncE clock recovered from GbE interfaces

Synchronization in the BGW-E Series

The BGW-E series provides the same precise synchronization capabilities as
the BGW-10 series. Since the BGW-E series consists of add-on shelves rather
than standalone platforms, the specific synchronization mechanism activated
within the BGW-E shelf is dependent on the synchronization configuration of
the base platform on which the BGW-E is installed. Synchronization
functionality for the BGW-E series is handled by the TMU located in the base
platform (BroadGate MSPP or BroadGate CESR).
Spectral Efficiency and

Bandwidth Optimization
Microwave radio links rely on electromagnetic waves. These radio waves are
strictly regulated by governmental bodies. Implementations use either licensed
frequency bands between 6 and 40 GHz or unlicensed sub-6 GHz frequency
bands. Microwave radio links require an unobstructed Line-of-Sight, as
Figure 7-23: Microwave radio transmissions in line of sight
Microwave radio communications provide scalable, reliable, and cost-effective

high capacity P2P connectivity. MW is the implementation of choice in over
half of global backhaul deployments and more than 70% of cellular backhaul.

Optimizing Available Bandwidth

The signal frequency and channels available to the network operator are tightly
regulated and controlled by government agencies in every country. Within an
assigned radio frequency, the bandwidth capacity of a logical radio port
depends on a combination of the modulation scheme and channel width.
Operators can operate only within their licensed allotments, squeezing the
maximum bandwidth payload possible out of the available frequency and
channels.
While unlicensed frequencies less than 6 GHz are available for use, the
BG-Wave provides P2P radio service for the licensed radio bands from 6 GHz
to 38 GHz. The typical payload per channel bandwidth ranges from 50 Mbps at
7 MHz up to 500 Mbps at 56 MHz. The actual available payload rate depends
on many factors, including:
 Channel spacing
 Modulation scheme
 Service types and range of SLAs
 Optimization and traffic management (TM) mechanisms
 Propagation and weather conditions
Efficient MW radio network operation must take all these factors into account.
The following sections describe the mechanisms built into BG-Wave platforms
to maximize the bandwidth payload available.
Modulation
MW radio signals are transmitted over specific channels within assigned
frequencies. BG-Wave platforms can be used with 6 GHz to 38 GHz
frequencies over 7 MHZ, 14 MHz, 28 MHz, 40 MHz, and 56 MHz channel
spacing (ETSI) or over 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, and 50 MHz
channel spacing (FCC). Telecom signals are transmitted over these RFs
through the use of modulation schemes.
Modulation refers to the method by which a message signal is ‘inserted’ within
a high-capacity RF transmission signal. Modulation can be used, for example,
to transmit a digital bitstream over an analog channel such as an RF band.
Many different modulation schemes exist; the choice depends on several
technical considerations, including equipment capabilities and environmental
constraints. Generally, the higher the modulation, the greater the capacity.
BG-Wave platforms support modulation options ranging from QPSK to
256 QAM for all channel bandwidth, providing the maximum bandwidth
capacity possible in accordance with current standards.

Automatic Transmit Power Control

For more efficient power usage control, BGW ODU platforms support ATPC.
Limiting the level of transmission power prevents leakage and potential signal
interference within the network. Network operators define the ATPC work
mode and target Received Signal Level (RSL). Extended ATPC, such as
control of the amplifier bias current, will be supported in a future release for
green applications.
Adaptive Coding and Modulation

For optimal bandwidth utilization, BGW platforms offer the option of using
adaptive coding and modulation (ACM). ACM is an automatic mechanism to
optimize transmission by dynamically changing the code rate and modulation
depending on the current radio propagation conditions in the link. ACM is a
logical approach that utilizes the highest possible modulation at any time,
determined by the environmental conditions, for intelligent flow control.
Figure 7-24: ACM with eight step-down and recovery levels
The preceding figure illustrates the working points in a typical ACM

configuration. ACM changes modulation between working points as needed
based on preset performance monitoring (PM) criteria. BG-Wave platforms
support up to eight working points for TDM and Ethernet service in both
directions. The BG-Wave’s ACM implementation closely follows signal fading
and recovery conditions through a gradual set of eight step-down and step-up
points, enabling compensation for signal fading of up to 90 dB per second
though agile modulation and coding. The choice of fixed or adaptive
transmission power with ACM, as well as the ACM range of working points, is
configurable. Network operators can tailor the ACM configuration to match
their requirements, configuring ACM parameters and work mode (automatic,
frozen, or manual).
Maximizing spectrum usage is especially essential when frequency resources
are scarce, enabling increased capacity from a fixed licensed frequency
allocation and using smaller antennas and reduced tower loads. ACM also
enables transmission with fewer ‘hops’, requiring fewer relay stations and
thereby reducing both CAPEX and OPEX.

The BG-Wave provides hitless and errorless switchover between modulation

schemes. ACM functionality takes into consideration the overall capacity of the
radio links, adjusting as needed for this very dynamic value. ACM also enables
dynamic Forward Error Correction (FEC) code rate and modulation changes
according to link conditions. Errorless, light FEC, or stronger FEC settings are
automatically applied depending on the real-time error rate and SLA
requirements.
BG-Wave platforms enable multiple CoS levels, where bandwidth is
guaranteed for higher classes and bandwidth adaptation is applied for the
middle/lower classes. CoS levels apply to both TDM and packet traffic when
working in hybrid mode. Operators are therefore able to define TDM traffic as
a higher priority than packet traffic, giving the voice traffic a greater
availability throughout the year. Operators can also define distinct sets of
priorities within TDM and packet traffic.
Packet traffic requires different treatment when delivered over varying ACM
radio links. Since packet traffic is heterogeneous, sophisticated traffic
management (TM) tools are used to match the packet traffic flow to fluctuating
radio links capacities. Packet traffic is optimized through an extensive set of
TM tools, described in Ethernet and MPLS (on page 5-1).
NOTE: ACM and ATPC are two intelligent management

approaches that do not work in a vacuum. Decisions made by
each one may potentially impact on factors affecting the
other. For maximum benefit from both approaches, BG-Wave
platforms coordinate their activities and decisions.
Cross Polarization Interference Cancelation

Data payload rates for an average system are typically around 370 Mbps in a
typical 56 MHz channel bandwidth. The BG-Wave doubles raw capacity per
channel to 740 Mbps through use of XPIC, for greater efficiency and improved
bandwidth utilization.
Standard radio signals are transmitted in one polarity. XPIC technology utilizes
two polarities over a single channel. XPIC implementations require either
special antennas or regular antennas with circular waveguides and orthogonal
mode transducer (OMT) units.
In BG-Wave platforms, XPIC requires the use of two MIF-EX modules
inserted into a single MW_2 base card. The MIF-EX modules are connected to
two separate BGW-O ODUs, each operating in a different polarity. Typical
XPIC configurations include 2+0 with two unprotected carriers transmitting
over the same channel, or 2+2 with two protected carriers transmitting over the
same channel. XPIC configurations can work with ACM as well.

Super PDH
Typical SDH STM-1 frames can transport 63 E1s or 84 T1s in a 155 Mbps
frame. An SDH radio link would need a 28/30 MHz channel to carry this
frame. Super PDH (SPDH) allows transmission of more traffic over the same
radio channel by eliminating SDH overhead. Using SPDH, the BG-Wave
provides up to 84 x E1/T1 per carrier, an increase of approximately 30% in
capacity. Combining SPDH with XPIC technology doubles that value to be
168 x E1/T1 per carrier.
SPDH can be combined with packet traffic in a hybrid radio frame. BG-Wave
platforms are designed for flexible bandwidth allocation for SPDH and
Ethernet traffic. TDM and Ethernet bandwidth in each channel spacing and in
each modulation are dynamically assigned within the ranges defined in a
configurable table. TDM traffic optimization is comparable to that of pure PDH
systems.
SPDH use enables BG-Wave platforms to add ACM, making it possible to use
high modulations for maximum spectral efficiency. SPDH service also supports
SNCP for high availability that matches the SDH standard.
Multi-Radio
Multi-radio refers to the simultaneous transmission of packet data over multiple
radio carriers. This configuration requires a separate ODU for each carrier link,
all transmitted through a single antenna. Transmissions may be over multiple
channels, or over a single channel using XPIC technology.
Multi-radio transmissions enable instantaneous automatic load balancing
between the carriers, achieving better radio link utilization. This system is
transparent to the user, who is only aware of a single high-capacity radio link.
Traffic is divided between the multiple carriers with no need for LAG
regardless of MAC addresses. Load balancing is accomplished on the physical
radio layer, independent of the packet flows or data traffic paths defined at a
higher level.
Since modulation for each radio carrier varies independently, multi-radio
service can be combined with ACM technology for optimal bandwidth
utilization.

Diverse Routing
Diverse routing is a method of utilizing extra radio link bandwidth that has
been set aside for protection purposes. Instead of than leaving this bandwidth
idle when protection is not required, network operators can use it for low
priority best effort traffic. If the main traffic links do go down, or if capacity is
reduced due to ACM downshifting, the high-priority protected traffic takes
precedence and is immediately rerouted to the backup links. The best effort
traffic is buffered or discarded until lower-priority bandwidth is available once
more.
Figure 7-25: Diverse routing for increased bandwidth utilization
Diverse routing is allowed in a radio ring topology, such as a 2+0 East-West

configuration, providing inherent radio protection and also saving in hardware
expenses.

Ethernet Traffic Management

The hybrid traffic transported by BG-Wave platforms includes both Ethernet
and TDM traffic. Traffic priority is based on a profiling system, with decision
rules based on Class of Service (CoS), traffic group (color), and other factors.
BG-Wave platforms support Layer 2 aggregation capabilities, providing EVPL
services for network VLANs. ACM profiling provides efficient flow control
with no packet loss for effective CoS capabilities. Congestion is prevented
through WRED profiling based on the packet CoS and color. Header
compression for Ethernet over Radio (EoR) packets enhances bandwidth
utilization. Header compression in the BG-Wave product line meets
RFC 2507/2508 standards and is IPHC-ready.
The following figure illustrates the BG-Wave’s traffic management
implementation, showing the stages in traffic flow where various optimization
mechanisms are applied.
For more information about Ethernet/MPLS traffic management tools, see
Ethernet and MPLS (on page 5-1).

8
Network Communication
Control
In this chapter:
Routing and Forwarding Functionality............................................................ 8-1
Digital Communication Channel ..................................................................... 8-2
Communication Module .................................................................................. 8-9
Routing and Forwarding

Functionality
The routing and forwarding capabilities of the BroadGate platforms have
grown to match the requirements of the deployed networks. Initially, a LAN
emulation scheme was implemented, suitable for small and midsize networks.
This was later extended with static routing, which permitted an increase in the
size and complexity of the managed networks. The current version incorporates
standard OSPF dynamic routing, suitable for larger networks and including a
richer set of features for network communication management.
In the BroadGate platforms, the main control processor subsystem is
responsible for communication with external NEs and management stations.
Communication with other SDH NEs is via the DCC in each SDH link - an
Ethernet interface is used to communicate with the EMS-BGF. The controller
subsystem can also communicate with a desktop or laptop PC-based LCT-BGF
(on page 10-11) via a serial interface or Ethernet. It also provides alarm outputs
and OW support. Some of these network communication components and their
functionality are described in this chapter.

Network Communication Control BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Digital Communication Channel

DCC with LAN Emulation and Static Routing
When working with LAN emulation and static routing, all DCCs terminated at
the BroadGate are associated into a single IP interface. An IP address and mask
are assigned to the DCC IP interface. This IP address also serves as the host IP
address. From an IP point of view this is a network interface, making all IP
addresses in the masked subnetwork direct neighbors.
The gateway interface, when it exists, serves as a second IP interface with an
additional IP address. The BroadGate management entity is the host, situated at
the router. The router operates with a straightforward routing table. The DCC
IP interface is the default route. Packet encapsulation and IP forwarding over
the gateway are both standard, based on the routing table. Standard Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP) is also supported over this interface. A special
encapsulation of the IP packets, including the fields required for operating the
flooding mechanism, is used over the DCCs.
In this approach, the networks are structured in ring configurations.
Management traffic travels to the NE through these rings, arriving from both
directions. One of the packets is automatically discarded. The advantage is that
in case of link or node failure, traffic still reaches the NE, providing resiliency
for management communications. Nevertheless, transmission of all packets
over all links is inefficient from the perspective of link utilization.
When networks are more complex than single rings, flooding of all packets
over all DCC interfaces becomes unacceptably inefficient. For this reason, the
basic LAN emulation scheme was extended with static routing, where multiple
IP interfaces (up to 128) can be defined for the DCC channels. Each DCC
channel must be assigned to only one of these IP interfaces. A packet initially
forwarded over one such IP interface is transmitted over all the DCC channels
connected to that interface. On reception, a packet whose destination does not
appear in the routing table is forwarded over the other channels in the interface.
Static routing is suited to multiple interworking rings, with the routing defined
at the interworking points of these rings. Nevertheless, static routing does not
support gateway protection when the Carrier Access Data Communication
Network (DCN) consists of routers.

BroadGate Product Line General Network Communication Control
Description
DCC with PPP

When LAN emulation is not used, a standard encapsulation method is preferred
to promote interoperability with other vendor equipment. The BroadGate
implements the prevalent encapsulation scheme for IP on P2P links - PPP, as
required by the ITU standard G.7712.
This protocol has a component which negotiates some of the encapsulation
parameters before the link endpoints. The BroadGate implementation fully
supports PPP with the basic encapsulation format. The PPP overhead is 6 bytes
per frame, whereas the LAN emulation overhead is 14 bytes per frame.
DCC with Dynamic OSPF

A DCC enables operators to integrate several platforms with their own
workstations and to pass this management traffic through the BroadGate. In
addition, the controller subsystem provides 64 kbps and (N x 64) kbps trail
capability for transporting management data, transporting the DCC channels of
external devices or for other external DCN purposes. The operator sets up an
IP–based DCN to carry IP packets between the management stations and the
NEs. The DCN is composed of Embedded Communication Channels (ECCs)
supported by the equipment itself and an external DCN supported by standard
data equipment. The ECCs supported by the BroadGate are described in
Embedded Communication Channels (on page 8-7).
The BroadGate performs IP forwarding between all network interfaces,
including DCC and Ethernet gateway management interfaces. It implements
dynamic OSPF routing over these network interfaces to automatically
determine the routing table. OSPF can be configured for any subset of network
interfaces and supports:
 P2P and broadcast interfaces
 Up to four OSPF areas
 Address summarization
 Support for Area Border Router (ABR) functionality
 Support for Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) functionality,
including redistribution of static routes
 Support of a loopback address as a router ID
 Configuration of HELLO protocol parameters
 Support of "passive" interfaces to allow distribution of routes to attached
devices

Description
OSPF support includes PPP encapsulation of IP packets with HDLC framing

over RS-DCC, MS-DCC, and "Clear Channel" communication channels as
defined in ITU G.7712. OSPF functionality enables a wide range of DCN
configurations, adds resiliency to management communications between NEs
and the management stations, and reduces the DCC load, for a significant
improvement in management performance and NE capacity.
Under dynamic DCC routing, NEs ping each other through the available DCC
interfaces and build their own routing tables. Working with dynamic routing
tables that respond to real-time circumstances simplifies DCC planning and
maintenance, and reduces the DCC load by making it unnecessary to reserve
DCC protection paths in advance. There is also no need to plan DCC rings,
since dynamic DCC routing enables NEs to automatically set up new routes if
existing ones fail.
Support is provided for legacy LAN emulation encapsulation and static routing
for packet routing and forwarding in the embedded component of the DCN.
The BroadGate enables interworking between NEs working in OSPF/PPP
mode and NEs working in the legacy LAN emulation mode, with full software
configurability between all communication modes. The BroadGate supports
unnumbered IP interfaces on DCCs with PPP encapsulation to avoid any need
for assigning and configuring IP addresses for each interface.
The encapsulation type is configurable on a DCC-by-DCC basis. In networks
composed entirely of BroadGate elements, migration of all NEs and links to
OSPF/PPP is a natural step, leading to a natural improvement in the DCN's
resilience and capacity. In mixed networks, a migration path must be planned
that takes into account the capabilities of the current network equipment. For
example, a network may consist of an BroadGate core that can be migrated
directly to OSPF/PPP. This core may work with subtending rings that continue
to operate using LAN emulation.

Description
DCN Network Illustration

The following figure illustrates a network that includes a combination of
BroadGate and legacy equipment working with several different DCN
methods, including:
 DCC with LAN Emulation
 DCC with OSPF
 Ethernet mode OSPF
 DCN OSPF (towards the BroadGate gateways)
The BroadGate smoothly integrates multiple DCN modes, with a single
BroadGate able to function in different DCN modes with different network
components. For example, the BroadGate icon highlighted and outlined in red
in the following figure maintains a direct link to and communicates with three
different network components working in three different modes: DCC with
LAN Emulation, DCC with OSPF, and DCN OSPF.

Description
Figure 8-1: Integrating a variety of DCN schemes

Description
Embedded Communication Channels

The BroadGate supports a full range of routing and forwarding functionalities
through one of the following communication channels:
 DCC Routing
 Clear Channel
 Out-of-band Management Interface (OMI)
 In-band (VLAN) Management
DCC Routing Features

The BroadGate SDH links between NEs support two standard ECCs:
 RS-DCC at 192,000 Bps, generally used for communicating with other
RS-DCC terminating equipment
 MS-DCC at 576,000 Bps, generally used for communicating with other
NEs
The BroadGate is fully compliant with applicable industry standards, enabling
it to operate with any combination of non-ECI Telecom NEs. Its DCC
transparency feature enables the transfer of any vendor’s management traffic.
As a result, you can deploy BroadGate in any vendor's fiber transport network
at both the SDH and optical layers while continuing to manage other
equipment. Depending on the equipment used, up to 64 external DCC channels
are supported.
NOTE: The number of external DCC (transparent) channels

and the number of regular DCC channels are independent of
each other.
The DCC routing feature provides full connectivity of management traffic

between any vendor's elements. Routing/cross connecting of a DCC stream
from any STM-1 to any other STM-1 is allowed while utilizing effective IP
routing schemes. This provides intelligent nonflooding routing of ECI
Telecom's DCC.

Description
Clear Channel
When a BroadGate network is interconnected with equipment from other
vendors, the BroadGate management may not be able to use the embedded
communication channels provided by the other vendor. For example, the other
equipment may not support IP packet forwarding. Nevertheless, the BroadGate
supports a complete range of alternate communication methods that enable full
interoperability with external vendor equipment despite any limitations.
Management traffic may be carried on a regular VC-12 crossing the external
network, using external equipment. BroadGate platforms, for example, can do
this internally, through a Clear Channel termination that operates in an identical
fashion to the RS-DCC/MS-DCC termination. The Clear Channel feature is
implemented when DCC management information must pass through an
external subnetwork that does not support the transport of transparent DCC
channels. To manage remote ECI Telecom equipment through other vendor
subnetworks, DCC channels are transported over 2 Mbps (VC-12) trails.
Figure 8-2: DCC to VC-12 Clear Channel conversion
An alternative to the built-in Clear Channel feature is to convert the

management data to E1 and back again using an external converter. The
management information of the DCC channels is converted to VC-12 format
by the CPU and connected to spare channels of E1/PDH cards. After the VC-12
trail crosses the external subnetwork and reaches the ECI Telecom subnetwork,
the CPU of the far BroadGate retrieves the information from the payload of the
VC-12 trail.

Description
Communication Module
All platform configurations work with a built-in communications module. In
the BroadGate product line, the platforms work with the MCP, which features:
 Electrical interface connectors that are integrated into the I/O modules,
eliminating the need for separate electrical interface modules
 Easy routing of external management interfaces
 Hot insertion of cards and modules to support quick maintenance and repair
activities, without affecting traffic
 Monitoring system for acceptance test purposes
MCP
The MCP handles the management, OHA, and OW interfaces. It supports
standard OW as well as a special voice channel over the DCC when using VoIP
and a special router. This feature enables external calls from outside the
network to a particular site. In addition, the MCP generates system alarms and
activates indicators, for example software downloads, restarts, configurations,
and so on.

Description

9
Protection and Restoration
Mechanisms
In this chapter:
Overview ......................................................................................................... 9-1
SDH Path Protection Schemes ........................................................................ 9-2
SDH Line Protection ....................................................................................... 9-5
Traffic Protection and Restoration................................................................... 9-8
Overview
BG features proven redundancy mechanisms to ensure the complete integrity of
all traffic transfers. System protection schemes offer highly reliable trail
protection arrangements and equipment duplication on all units. The platform
supports protection schemes at the line and service levels.

Protection and Restoration BroadGate Product Line General
Mechanisms Description
SDH Path Protection Schemes

BG features path protection over mesh and SubNetwork Connection Protection
(SNCP).
SNCP
SNCP provides independent trail protection for individual subnetworks
connected to BG, thus enhancing reliability against multiple failures. When
implemented in dual-node interconnections, SNCP, combined with the
drop-and-continue capability of BG, is even more powerful against multifailure
conditions in mesh topologies. By integrating SNCP into BG, operators achieve
superior traffic availability figures. SNCP is therefore extremely important for
leased lines or other traffic requiring superior SLA availability.
SNCP switching functions automatically in BG without operator intervention
or path redefinition. The result is an exceptionally fast protection switching
time of less than 30 msec, with typical switching time taking only a few msecs.
Protection switching is performed in a distributed way in the service cards.
A major SNCP advantage is its flexibility. SNCP is topology-independent and
can be implemented in ring, chain, star, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It can be
implemented with platforms from other vendors, enabling the creation of a ring
where traffic originating from other ADMs is fully protected.
Leased lines are provided through single-link connections. In the event of
failure, leased-line traffic is protected by SNCP switching at the service
termination point.
In typical multiring or mesh networks, the SNCP drop-and-continue
functionality provides better traffic reliability and link redundancy in the event
of a site failure. In these networks, four ADMs are typically required to enable
this functionality (see the following figure showing only one direction).
Figure 9-1: Typical SNCP-protected network sites

BroadGate Product Line General Protection and Restoration
Description Mechanisms
Having the BG function as a multi-ADM enables the number of elements to be

reduced to just two (one per site). This results in better service availability and
reliability, as well as a reduction in floor space and equipment costs (see the
following figure).
Figure 9-2: SNCP-protected BG sites
BG supports SNCP at all STM-n levels (STM-1 to STM-64) and for all VC
objects, as follows:
 Any VC-4 in any STM-n
 Any VC-4nc in any STM-n
 Any VC-3 in any VC-4 in any STM-n
 Any C-12 in any VVC-4 in any STM-n
BG supports the following SNCP types:
 SNCP/I: SNC protection switching due to TU-AIS, AU-AIS, TU-LOP, or
AU-LOP events
 SNCP/N: SNC protection switching due to TU-AIS, AU-AIS, TU-LOP, or
AU-LOP events, and any other path overhead alarms (signal label
mismatch, path trace error, EBER)

BG enables users to set EBER thresholds for BER and Signal Degradation
(SD) conditions. The SNCP function is complemented by the user option to set
the hold-off time for switching (0-10 sec in 100 msec intervals) and the Wait to
Restore (WTR) time (1-30 minutes), in accordance with applicable standards.
The EMS-BGF enables both automatic and manual switch to protection and
protection lockout commands. When an automatic switch occurs, notification is
sent to the subnetwork management station. The status of the selectors and the
subnetwork connections is displayed in the EMS-BGF window.
Revertive SNCP
BG platforms support revertive SNCP.
When the system is protected by regular SNCP, it uses the protection path in
the event a failure is detected in the main path, and does not revert to the main
path even after it recovers. The protected path may incorporate links that are
more expensive and less reliable (for instance, leased lines).
Revertive SNCP is useful when the user has a preferred path for traffic and can
switch back to the main path after recovery. The user can now define the
operating mode as revertive or nonrevertive SNCP, giving a higher degree of
flexibility.
The system provides several parameters to ensure that the failed (main) path is
stable and reliable before reverting to it after a fault condition. Most of these
are user-configured, including:
Wait to Restore (WTR): The period of time after which a failed unit is
fault-free and can be considered as available again by the protection processes.
Wait to Switch (WTS): Factory-defined timer issued to prevent excessive
switching events in a nonstable condition. This timer disables switching to the
protection path for X minutes if Y or more switches occurred in a period of
time of Z seconds.
Hold-off time: Useful for interworking of protection schemes and provisioned
on an individual equipment basis. The failure condition is monitored at the end
of the hold-off time before switching to the protection path.
Switch time: Traffic switch operating as quickly as possible. The target time is
50 msec.

SDH Line Protection

BG incorporates two independent MS protection mechanisms:
 Linear - Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP):
 MSP 1+1 unidirectional
 MSP 1+1 bidirectional
 Ring - Multiplex Section Shared Protection Ring (MS-SPRing)
MSP
MSP is designed to protect single optical links. This protection is most suitable
for appendage TM/star links or for four-fiber links in chain topologies.
BG supports MSP in all optical line cards (STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and
STM-64). MSP 1+1 unidirectional and bidirectional modes are supported.
MSP 1+1 is implemented between two SDH interfaces (working and
protection) of the same bitrate that communicate with two interfaces on another
platform. As with SNCP and path protection, in MSP mode BG provides
protection for both fiber and hardware faults.
The following figure shows a four-fiber star BG with all links protected. This
ensures uninterrupted service even in the case of a double fault. BG
automatically performs MSP switching within 50 msec.
Figure 9-3: MSP protection modes

MS-SPRing
In addition to SNCP protection that may also be implemented in mesh
topologies, BG supports MS-SPRing that provides bandwidth advantages for
selected ring-based traffic patterns.
Two-fiber MS-SPRing supports any 2.5 Gbps rings closed by BG via the
XIO30_16/XIO16_4 card or 10Gbps rings closed by BG via XIO64 card, in
compliance with applicable ITU T standards. This is fully automatic and
performed in less than 50 msec.
MS-SPRing can support LO traffic arriving at the nodes in the same way it
does HO traffic. LO traffic support on MS-SPRing is unique to BG, as it is a
genuine MSPP.
In MS-SPRing modes, the STM-n signal is divided into working and protection
capacity per MS. In case of a failure in one MS of the ring, the protection
capacity loops back the affected traffic at both ends of the faulty MS. BG
supports the full squelching protocol to prevent traffic misconnections in cases
of failure at isolated nodes. Trails to be dropped at such nodes are muted to
prevent their being delivered to the wrong destination.
MS-SPRing is particularly beneficial in ring applications with uniform or
adjacent traffic patterns, as it offers significant capacity advantages compared
to other protection schemes.
The following figure shows a BG in a two-fiber MS-SPRing. In this
configuration, two fibers are connected between each site. Each fiber delivers
50% of the active and 50% of the shared protection traffic. For example, in an
STM-16 ring, eight VC-4s are active and eight VC-4s are reserved for shared
protection.

In the event of a fiber cut between sites A and D, traffic is transported through
sites B and C on the black portion of the counterclockwise fiber. The switch in
traffic is triggered by the APS protocol that transmits control signals over the
K1 and K2 bytes in the fiber from site D to site A.
Figure 9-4: Two-fiber protection
Extra traffic capability is also supported, enabling users to use the protecting
VC-4s to carry extra traffic that is dropped in case of a failure in the protected
VC-4s. Thus, the total capacity of the ring is used, provided there are no
network failures. The extra traffic itself is, of course, not protected.
Dual-Node Interconnection with MS-SPRing

When the working and protection fiber pairs travel in separate ducts, two rings
can be connected via a dual link over two different nodes. This enables the
network to overcome multiple failures like fiber cuts or node failures, thereby
improving traffic availability in the network.
Integration of Low-Order SNCP and

MS-SPRing
BG can simultaneously close MS-SPRing-protected metro-core rings and
SNCP-protected edge-access rings within the same NE. LO traffic can be
transported directly from multiple edge-access rings to the metro-core ring
transparently, without external XCs or mediation equipment. This reduces floor
space and costs, and improves site reliability.

Traffic Protection and

Restoration
BG provides protection for internal traffic paths. All traffic is fully redundant
within the shelf, and is routed via separate traffic paths and hardware units. In
case of equipment or line failure, traffic protection switching takes place within
8-12 msec.
BG supports mesh and ring traffic protection and restoration. The restoration
mechanism ensures traffic rerouting in the event of a major contingency.
Telecom operators may define their own major contingencies based on
individual operating parameters. Traffic restoration time is generally dependent
on network complexity and traffic load.
For more information about the traffic restoration feature, see the LightSoft
General Description and the EMS-BGF User Manual.
Ethernet Traffic Protection

With BG, the operator benefits from an extensive mixture of protection
schemes balancing bandwidth usage with service restoration time, enabling a
customer-tailored optimization between cost and performance.
Ethernet traffic protection is a combination of SDH protection schemes,
MPLS/LSP protection schemes and MSTP-based restoration. SDH-protection
schemes are used to protect each individual EoS trail, connecting every two
EoS (WAN) ports on any data card. LSP protection schemes, like FRR, are
used to protect MPLS tunnels. MSTP, which is initially used for loop
resolution purposes on Provider Bridge Cards (BG-20B_L2M), DMFE_4_L2,
DMFX_4_L2, DMGE_2_L2, DMGE_4_L2, and MPS_2G_8F card, may also
provide a means of protection in case of link failure (such as fiber cut) and NE
failure (Such as data card failure):
 SDH Protection Schemes: ranging from unprotected trails, which use the
minimum amount of traffic through SNCP for 1+1 protection, and up to
MS-SPRing, which is the most effective means of ring protection. BG data
cards fully exploit the extensive flexibility of its SDH capabilities to offer
the most effective means of protection in any case.
 MSTP: initially used as a “loop resolution” protocol in BG-20B_L2M,
ME_2G_4F, DMFE_4_L2, DMFX_4_L2, DMGE_2_L2 and MPS_2G_8F
card-based Provider Bridge networks. At the same time, RSTP provides
means of restoration to traffic failures. Although MSTP convergence time
is much shorter than STP, it is still slower than SDH protection. For that
reason, MSTP may be used as a “second line of defense”, restoring services
in case of card failure, while relying on the SDH < 50 msec protection as
the “first line of defense”, providing much faster protection in the more
likely event of fiber failures.

 Fast Reroute (FRR): is a local restoration network resiliency mechanism

for MPLS tunnels. In MPLS local protection each LSP passing through a
facility is protected by a backup path which originates at the node
immediately upstream to that facility. This node which redirects the traffic
onto the preset backup path is called the Point of Local Repair (PLR), and
the node where a backup LSP merges with the primary LSP is called Merge
Point (MP). This mechanism provides faster recovery because the decision
of recovery is strictly local. The recovery time can be sub 50ms.
 Diversely routed VCG with LCAS protection: With this type of
protection scheme, each VC in the VCG is routed via a different SDH path.
If some of the VCs fail to reach their destination due to a failure in the
SDH network, the LCAS mechanism re-establishes the EoS with the
remaining VCs, enabling service to continue at a lower effective capacity.
This scheme provides protection for part of the capacity without using extra
capacity for protection. By offering LCAS-based service, the operator
provides a guaranteed and best-effort service without allocating any extra
bandwidth or resources for protection, thereby enabling a more flexible and
efficient cost structure.
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)

Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS) is an enhanced protection
mechanism for Ethernet networks, defined by ITU-T G.8032 standard. It
supports improved resiliency, manageability, and reliability of metro Ethernet
networks, offering switching to protection time in less than 50 msec. The
standard has the ability to protect against both link and equipment faults.
Each node in the ring protection network has two ring ports (East and West)
and a number of local ports. One link in the ring is designated as the Ring
Protection Link (RPL) and used only for redundancy. One node, connected to
the RPL, is selected as the RPL owner, and is responsible to block traffic on the
RPL in normal operation (idle state) and unblock it when a failure is detected
(protection state).

When a failure is detected, the nodes adjacent to the failure block the failed
link and report this failure to the ring, using a R-APS Signal Failure (SF)
message. The message triggers the RPL owner to unblock the RPL and all
nodes to perform FDB flushing. The ring is now in protection state.
Figure 9-5: Ethernet ring protection
When the failed link recovers, the nodes adjacent to the recovered link transmit
a R-APS No Request (NR) message, indicating they have no local request.
When the RPL owner receives the R-APS message it starts a Wait to Restore
(WTR) timer. Once the WTR expires, the RPL owner blocks the RPL and
transmits a R-APS (NR, RB) No Request, Root Blocked message. The nodes
receiving the message perform a selective FDB flush (on page 5-16) for the
relevant port and unblock their previously blocked port. The ring returns to
normal operation (idle state).

Bandwidth Scaling Protection for Ethernet

Traffic
BG enables GbE traffic processed by Layer 1 cards to be scaled to
accommodate traffic conditions (for example, a link failure). This provides
protection similar to that provided by the LCAS protocol. The Layer 1 cards
automatically decrease the capacity of the Ethernet link if one or more of the
VC-12/VC-3/VC-4s fails. The capacity automatically increases after the
network fault is repaired.
The same protection method is applicable to traffic processed by the
BG-20B_L2/L2M, ME_2G_4F, DMFE_4_L2, DMFX_4_L2, and MPS_2G_8F
cards.
Equipment Protection
BG’s high-level reliability is achieved through comprehensive equipment
redundancy on all units. Automatic protection switching is initiated by a robust
internal BIT diagnostic system.
Traffic Unit (I/O Card)

BG provides 1:N (N = 1-2) protection to all PDH and SDH electrical interfaces,
and hardware protection to all SDH optical interfaces via a simulation of two
times MSP (1+1).
BG’s robust architecture permits full 1:N protection for all bitrates in a flexible
manner and simultaneously for E1, E3, DS-3, and STM-1. In addition, the shelf
provides card protection flexibility; that is, any protection card can be inserted
into any slot.
The TP21_2 panel has five interfaces, each supporting 21 x E1 interfaces.
These connectors are used as follows:
 Two of them are used to connect customer equipment.
 Two of them are connected to protected PME1_21 cards in BG-30B or
BG-64 Tslots by external cables.
 One of them is connected to a protecting PME1_21 card in a BG-30B or
BG-64 Tslot by external cables.

The TPS1_1 panel has 12 pairs of coaxial connectors that provide interface
cabling for customer and protected/protecting PM345_3 P345_3E, SMQ1&4 or
XIO30 cards. As the TPS1_1 provides four channels of E3/DS-3/STM-1e
protection per card, the connectors are arranged in three groups, as follows:
 One group is used to connect customer equipment.
 One group is connected to protected cards.
 One group is connected to a protecting card.
The TP63_1 panel has seven interface connectors. These connectors are used as
follows:
 Three are used to connect to the customer equipment
 Two are connected to a protected PE1_63 card in BG-30E Eslots by
external cables.
 Two are connected to a protecting PE1_63 card in a BG-30E Eslot by
external cables.
Common Unit
BG provides 1+1 and 1:1 protection of the power supply and XIO30/XIO64.

10
Management
In this chapter:
Layered Architecture ..................................................................................... 10-1
Client/Server Architecture ............................................................................. 10-2
Integration with Other Products .................................................................... 10-3
LightSoft Network Manager .......................................................................... 10-3
Layered Architecture
ECI Telecom’s management concept is designed using a layered architecture in
accordance with applicable standards. Separate management layers make up
the management structure. The lowest level, the Network Element Layer
(NEL), constitutes the embedded agent software of the NEs. The second layer,
the Element Management Layer (EML), controls many individual NEs, while
the third layer, the Network Management Layer (NML), controls the main
network management functions.

Management BroadGate Product Line General
Description
Figure 10-1: ECI Telecom's layered architecture management concept
In this scheme, LightSoft, ECI Telecom’s powerful network management

system, functions at the NML, while the EMS-BGF functions at the EML. A
northbound interface can connect either the EMS-BGF or LightSoft to your
Operations Support System (OSS).
In addition, BG features a craft terminal application. LCT-BGF craft terminal
applications provide fast easy connectivity and access to installation,
configuration, and management functions. For more information, refer to the
LCT- BGF User Manual.
Client/Server Architecture
LightSoft implements an advanced client/server software architecture that
supports a large number of processes. The LightSoft server can be run on either
single or multiple workstations. This distributed architecture enables you to
divide large complex networks among multiple operators. The
multiconfigurator feature of LightSoft gives each operator the means to initiate
sessions and manage the network simultaneously, either in whole or in part.

BroadGate Product Line General Management
Description
Integration with Other Products

BG has been designed to smoothly integrate with networks that are not based
on ECI Telecom products. This enables you to build real-world multivendor
networks that ensure the free flow of management information between SDH
and other complimentary access, radio, and switching products.
LightSoft Network Manager

LightSoft is a multidimensional network management system managing the
complete family of element management systems (EMSs) offered by ECI
Telecom. LightSoft enables you to assume full control of all equipment in your
network, including:
 XDM transport platform
 BG family of multiservice products for access applications
 Entire SYNCOM multiplexer family at the STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16
layers
 Other third-party equipment
LightSoft is a unified NMS that provisions, monitors, and controls all network
layers, enabling you to manage multiple technology layers (SDH, data, and
optical) independently of the physical layer. This offers on-demand service
provisioning, pinpoint bandwidth allocation, and dramatic reductions in the
equipment and operating costs that multiple management systems often require.
It does this by providing all facets of network management, netwide, from a
single platform. Management features include configuration, fault detection,
performance management, administrative procedures, maintenance operations,
and security control. Within one integrated management system, LightSoft
enables you to fully control all of your NEs regardless of their manufacturer,
and view the complete network at a glance. With LightSoft, multiple operators
can simultaneously configure the network while preventing any configuration
conflicts.
Management Interfaces
LightSoft supports an open CORBA-based interface both northbound and
southbound for managing or being managed by third-party applications. The
EMS-BGF also supports the same interface, northbound. The interface, which
supports alarms, configuration, and provisioning, complies with the
Multi-Technology Network Management (MTNM) information model being
developed by the TeleManagement Forum (TMF), a consortium of all major
telecom equipment vendors. EMS-BGF, which manages BG equipment,
supports a number of conventional interfaces, such as export of current alarms
via FTP.

Description
Graphic User Interface

Both LightSoft and the EMS-BGF user interfaces provide a powerful yet
easy-to-use tool for managing your network. A single user-friendly GUI
combines configuration, maintenance, and performance management tools with
fault handling, end-to-end trail definition, and fail-safe database backups for
uninterrupted and reliable network operation.
The LightSoft user interface features an outstanding advance in topology map
design – multilayer topology views. These views enable you to display the
topology of each technology layer independently of the topology of the
physical layer.
Figure 10-2: LightSoft main window

Description
Topology Management
LightSoft allows network administrators to commission and configure
equipment in local and remote subnetworks across the deployment. NEs can be
deployed in a wide range of topologies, including single or multiple rings with
appendages, or chains and composite topologies incorporating terminal
multiplexers. Users move intuitively from an overall survey of the network
landscape to detailed status and control views of any NE, transmission level,
system card, or trail.
This application enables you to manage NEs at multiple levels. It distinguishes
between the NEs (or managed elements [MEs]) that make up the network, and
the logical elements (LEs) that these MEs represent. An ME designates a piece
of equipment, like a shelf, whereas the LE is a technology-oriented
representation of the various physical elements in the network. You can
customize these elements by splitting them. For example, different icons on the
map may represent different ports belonging to a single NE.
This unique distinction enables true multidimensional network management by
allowing operators to:
 Focus on MEs when creating and deleting NEs (physical layer)
 Focus separately on the ports available at each technology level (for
example, SDH, optical, or data) when managing trails (technology layer)
Whenever an ME is added to the network at the physical layer of LightSoft, an
LE is automatically projected into the relevant technology layer, as shown in
the topology view in the interface. If an ME contains ports that belong to
multiple technologies, as is the case with BG shelves, LEs are created at each
technology layer containing only the ports relevant to that layer. Nested groups
are supported and can be defined differently in the various layers.

Description
Trail Configuration
LightSoft provides powerful trail configuration tools. A detailed definition of
through and local XCs gives administrators a precise control of the system
structure, guaranteeing uninterrupted services and maximized use of
bandwidth. In addition to manual trail routing, the patent-pending path-finding
algorithm searches for and selects optimal end-to-end primary and protection
paths across complex topologies. Optimization criteria are user-defined and
may include such parameters as number of nodes, link cost, distance, shared
risk (such as common ducts), and so on. A powerful trail synchronization
function polls the entire network, keeping the LightSoft trail database up to
date. LightSoft also provides numerous protection and traffic reconfiguration
schemes in case of service disruption. The system provides full traffic
restoration via contingency traffic plans.
The LightSoft advanced trail management functions allow you to create, delete,
and modify SDH trails, and to acquire optical and data services from the
network.
SDH Trails Management

For BG NEs, LightSoft supports both virtual and contiguous concatenation for
the transport and cross connection of VC-4 signals. This is used for high-bitrate
Ethernet services that require transport of payloads exceeding a single VC-4
capacity. Concatenation associates multiple VCs together, resulting in a
combined capacity that can be used as a single container across which bit
sequence integrity is maintained.
Highly sensitive data networks can rely on LightSoft’s link protection
capabilities supporting a variety of schemes, including MSP 1+1, MS-SPRing,
and several advanced bridge protection options.
DWDM Trails Management

LightSoft enables you to upload, label, and display existing optical trails from
the optical layer. This form of “bottom up” provisioning is suited to optical
equipment that does not support tunable lasers, and ensures that the application
has all the required trail information that was provisioned at the fiber level.
LightSoft takes advantage of BG sublambda grooming capabilities for the
efficient utilization of DWDM wavelengths. This capability provides a form of
“top down” optical trail provisioning by creating XCs between optical
endpoints at the SDH level.

Description
Ethernet Trails Management

LightSoft enables BG NEs to provide various types of Ethernet, FE, and GbE
Ethernet services via various data cards for Layer1 and Layer2 services. All
cards with EoS WAN interfaces support bandwidth management allocation for
each GbE/FE connection in VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 increments, up to the full
GbE/FE rate. Cards with EoP WAN interfaces support bandwidth management
allocation for each FE connection in 64 Kbps or E1 increments. Each Interface
is configured separately to provide maximum flexibility.
Ethernet services are provided in one of the following three configurations:
 Switched Ethernet services over shared capacity: The customer’s
Ethernet traffic is transported over SDH containers that are shared among
many customers. These are point-to-point and multipoint-to-multipoint
services provided with various QoS levels (E-Line, E-LAN).
 Dedicated Ethernet services over SDH/PH: Ethernet is mapped to virtual
concatenation of SDH/PDH containers, creating transparent
point-to-point service. Bandwidth allocation can be full or partial with no
traffic-affecting changes.
 Ethernet aggregation over DWDM: Several Ethernet ports are aggregated
to one STM-16 wavelength creating a transparent service. Bandwidth
allocation can be full or partial, with no traffic-affecting changes.
Fault Management
LightSoft simplifies real-time status monitoring of the network and its
elements. The main window uses color-coded icons to show equipment status
at a glance. Customizable alarm listings, alarm counters, and alarm audio
indicators, which are updated in real time, are displayed in the main window.
Administrators can acknowledge alarms from the Current Alarms list, post
“sticky note”-type messages (User Notes) to other network personnel, and
customize their own alarm filters. They can click any element in the diagram to
open status windows listing the alarms for each object, including NEs, cards,
and physical ports.
The LightSoft fault management system is fully integrated and includes alarms
for all managed NEs, regardless of the layer (physical, SDH, data, or optical)
on view.

Description
GUI Cut-Through
LightSoft uses a process called GUI cut-through to invoke EMS functions
without launching the EMS-BGF. You can:
 Set, change, and propagate NE attributes
 Configure shelves and cards
 Change alarm severities
 Set NE timing sources
 Activate performance management functions on NEs
 Perform maintenance functions on NEs or their objects
Redundancy and Security

LightSoft and EMS-BGF provide a full range of support features to keep your
network running smoothly and protect it from unauthorized and malicious use.
Redundancy
LightSoft and EMS-BGF provide a fully field-proven redundancy mechanism
called Remote Database Replication (RDR) that provides full network
management backup capabilities. RDR ensures system continuity by
maintaining a comprehensive and complete backup copy of the current network
configuration. LightSoft and EMS-BGF use duplicate management hardware,
with one station serving as the active site (primary server) and the other as the
standby site (backup server and mirror). One standby site can act as a backup
for multiple stations (1:n) running LightSoft, and various EMSs.
All the databases in the active site (NMS and EMS) are periodically duplicated
and transmitted over a direct link to the standby site. To make the backup
process efficient, only changes made since the last replication are included.
Should a failure occur in the active site, the operator quickly switches over to
the standby site and resumes management of the network within minutes. The
LightSoft and EMS-BGF databases’ signature feature intelligently updates the
standby site with all NE configuration data that has changed since the last
replication.

Description
Security
LightSoft provides two main types of security functions:
 User security
 System security
User security controls the persons having access to the system (user groups),
which operations these users can perform (capability profiles), and the
elements of the network on which these operations can be performed
(domains). In LightSoft, all users are assigned to user groups, each of which is
then paired with a capability profile and a defined number of domains. Users in
a particular user group can perform only those functions provided for by their
capability profile assigned to the group, and only on those domains assigned to
the group.
LightSoft enables you to divide a network into many different VPNs, each one
having its own capability profile. This method provides each client with the
appropriate level of operational control, without infringing on the security
needs of any other client.
Passwords, user action logs, and an optional keyboard lock feature are used to
further ensure system security and integrity.
EMS-BGF
The EMS-BGF provides full-feature support for BroadGate, BG-Wave, and
CESR BG9300 platforms. The EMS-BGF functions at the EML in the TMN
scheme directly under LightSoft. It is designed as an open system in
compliance with the MTNM standard provided by CORBA.
ECI Telecom has enhanced the functionality and scalability of element
management in EMS-BGF V10 and above to the level of a carrier grade
application, providing a state-of-the-art GUI and superior user experience.
EMS-BGF V10 and above is based on Java together with a relational database,
allowing it to run on multiple platforms (e.g., Microsoft Windows, SUN™
Solaris) and support multiple operators concurrently.
Having a robust architecture enables the EMS to support hundreds of NEs at a
time, letting customers expand their network without the need to install more
EMSs.

Description
The EMS-BGF supports the entire FCAPS requirement, providing a wide range
of management functions (alarms, configuration, inventory, provisioning, and
security).
Figure 10-3: Platform view as displayed in the EMS-BGF
The EMS-BGF supports two modes: integrated and standalone. Integrated is

available only with the appropriate license. The EMS-BGF provides full EML
functions and is integrated with LightSoft that provides NML functionality.
This mode is suitable for large networks and those containing ECI/vendor
products in addition to BG NEs. In standalone mode, the EMS-BGF provides
full EML functionality and several NML functions, including network topology
management and E2E SDH trail management. Standalone mode is a very
low-cost solution for small networks containing only BG NEs.

Description
LCT-BGF
The LCT-BGF is a PC-based BG installation, maintenance, commissioning,
and configuration tool for field technicians. LCT-BGF is an advanced graphical
craft terminal designed for convenience and efficiency. The GUI of LCT-BGF
is identical to the EMS-BGF, making this product extremely easy to use. It
provides rapid direct connection to deployed NEs using an Ethernet interface.
The LCT-BGF includes all the functionality required by a technician arriving at
a site: full installation, NE commissioning (including slot assignment, IP
routing, and DCC port configuration), and troubleshooting. It provides the user
with a clear view and control of NE internals (cards, objects, status,
configuration). Password protection ensures only authorized access to
field-installed equipment.
Figure 10-4: Platform view as displayed in the LCT-BGF
Management by Third-Party NMS

The EMS-BGF can be integrated by a third-party NMS via a standard
northbound CORBA interface or a proprietary activation command for GCT
operation. The EMS-BGF supports alarm export via FTP, thereby simplifying
integration with a higher level alarm management system.
Moreover, BG supports an SNMP agent in NE software and can be monitored
and integrated with a third-party SNMP-based EMS. Connection with multiple
monitoring sources is supported, as well as inventory, alarm, and performance
management.

Description

A
Standards and References
In this appendix:
Overview ........................................................................................................ A-1
CEPT: Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations .............................................................................................. A-2
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute ............................. A-3
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission ........................................... A-4
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers................................... A-4
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force .......................................................... A-5
ISO: International Organization for Standardization ...................................... A-6
ITU-R: International Telecommunication Union (Radiocommunication
Sector)............................................................................................................. A-6
ITU-T: International Telecommunication Union ........................................... A-7
MEF: Metro Ethernet Forum ........................................................................ A-10
Overview
The following is a list of standards and reference documents that relate to the
BroadGate Product Line platform families. The standards are listed
alphabetically by groups.
426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary A-1

Standards and References BroadGate Product Line General
Description
CEPT: Conference of European

Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 02-06: Preferred channel arrangements for
digital Fixed Service Systems operating in the frequency range 7125-8500
MHz.
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 12-01 E: Frequency planning for digital and
analogue fixed service in the 37-39.5 GHz band.
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 12-03 E: HARMONISED RADIO
FREQUENCY CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS FOR DIGITAL
TERRESTRIAL FIXED SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE BAND 17.7
GHz TO 19.7 GHz.
TERRESTRIAL FIXED SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE BAND 10.7 -
11.7 GHz.
TERRESTRIAL FIXED SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE BANDS 14.5 -
14.62 GHz PAIRED WITH 15.23 - 15.35 GHz.
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 13-02 E: PREFERRED FREQUENCY
BANDS FOR FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS IN THE FREQUENCY
RANGE BETWEEN 3 AND 29.5 GHz.
 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 14-01 E: RADIO-FREQUENCY
CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS FOR HIGH CAPACITY ANALOGUE
AND DIGITAL RADIO-RELAY SYSTEMS OPERATING IN THE
BAND 5925 MHz - 6425 MHz.
A-2 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

BroadGate Product Line General Standards and References
Description
ETSI: European
Telecommunications Standards
Institute
 EN 300 019 class 3.2 & 3.3 Environmental.
 EN 300 132 2: Power Supply Interface at the Input to Telecommunication
Equipment, Operated by Direct Current.
 EN 300 386 CLASS B.
 EN 300 386 2: Telecommunication Network Equipment EMC
Requirements.
 EN 301 489- 4: Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum
Matters (ERM).
 EN 302 217-2-2: Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements
for point-to-point equipment and antennas.
 BS EN 60870-2-2:Telecontrol equipment and System - Part 2 Operation
Condition – Section 2: Environmental Condition.
 ETR 114: Functional Architecture of SDH Transport Networks.
 ETS 300 119: European Telecommunication Standard for Equipment
Practice.
 ETS 300 147: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Multiplexing Structure.
 ETS 300 232: Optical Interfaces for Equipment and Systems Relating to
the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.
 ETS 300 417: Generic Functional Requirements for Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy Equipment.
 ETS 300 462 (Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5): Transmission and Multiplexing (TM) -
Generic Requirements for Synchronization Networks; Synchronization
Network Architecture; The Control of Jitter and Wander within
Synchronization; Timing Characteristics of Slave Clocks Suitable for
Operation in Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment.
 ETS 300 746: Transmission and Multiplexing; Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy; Network Protection Schemes; Automatic Protection Switch
(APS) Operation.

Description
IEC: International
Electrotechnical Commission
 IEC 3309/BS ISO: Information Technology – Telecommunications and
Information Exchange between Systems – High-Level Data Link Control
(HDLC) Procedures – Frame Structure.
 IEC/EN/UL 60950-1: Information Technology Equipment - Safety -
General Requirements.
 IEC 60950-1: Equipment Safety Part-1: General Requirements.
 IEC 917: Modular Order for the Development of Mechanical Structures for
Electronic Equipment Practices.
 IEC 9595/BS ISO, Information Technology: Open Systems
Interconnection, Common Management Information Services.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and

Electronic Engineers
 801.3ad: Link Aggregation.
 802.1ad: Provider Bridge for Ethernet based L2VPN services.
 802.1ag: Connectivity Fault Management.
 802.1d: MAC Bridges, Spanning Tree Algorithm.
 802.1p: Traffic Prioritization Enabling.
 802.1Q: Virtual LAN.
 802.1q: VLAN and VLAN Stacking.
 802.1s: Multiple Spanning Trees.
 802.1w: Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree.
 802.1x: Port Authentication.
 802.3: IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications
and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan
Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical
Layer Specifications.
 802.3ad: Link aggregation.
 802.3ah: Ethernet in the First Mile, Link OAM.

Description
 802.3x: Flow Control and Backpressure.

 C37.94: IEEE Standard for N Times 64 Kilobit per Second Optical Fiber
Interfaces Between Teleprotection and Multiplexer Equipment.
 IEEE 1588 rev 2.
 IEEE 1613: Environmental and Testing Requirements for Communication
Networking Devices in Electric Power Stations (Class B).
IETF: Internet Engineering Task

Force
 RFC 1493: Definition of Managed Objects for Bridges.
 RFC 1757: Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base.
 RFC 2108: Definitions of Managed Objects for IEEE 802.3 Repeater
Devices using SMIv2.
 RFC 2737: Entity MIB (Version 2).
 RFC 2933: Internet Group Management Protocol MIB.
 RFC 3031: Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture.
 RFC 3032: MPLS Label Stack Encoding.
 RFC 3376: Internet Group Management Protocol version 3.
 RFC 3916: Requirements for PWE3.
 RFC 3985: PWE3 Architecture.
 RFC 4090: MPLS fast reroute.
 RFC 4125: CAC oriented RFC (MAM).
 RFC 4377: MPLS OAM requirements.
 RFC 4378: MPLS OAM framework.
 RFC 4379: Detecting Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane
Failures.
 RFC 4448: Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Ethernet over MPLS
Networks.
 RFC 4553: Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) over
Packet (SAToP).
 RFC 5085: Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV).
 Draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-ldp-08.
 Draft-ietf-mpls-fastreroute-mib-10.
 Draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-te-p2mp-xx.

Description
 Draft-ietf-pwe3-cesops.
 Draft-ietf-pwe3-control-protocol.
 Draft-ietf-pwe3-vccv.
 MPLS-TP Requirements: Draft-jenkins-mpls-mpls-tp-requirements.
 MPLS-TP OAM Analysis: Draft-sprecher-mpls-tp-oam-analysis.
 Requirements for OAM in MPLS Transport Networks:
Draft-vigoureux-mpls-tp-oam-requirements.
 Assignment of the Generic Associated Channel Header Label (GAL):
Draft-vigoureux-mpls-tp-gal.
 A Framework for MPLS in Transport Networks:
Draft-blb-mpls-tp-framework.
 "The OAM Acronym Soup": Draft-andersson-mpls-tp-oam-def.
 MPLS Generic Associated Channel: Draft-bocci-pwe3-mpls-tp-ge-ach.
 MPLS TP Network Management Requirements:
Draft-gray-mpls-tp-nm-req.
 MPLS TP Survivability Framework: Draft-sprecher-mpls-tp-survive-fwk.
ISO: International Organization

for Standardization
 ISO 9595, ISO 9596 - CMISE Specification.
ITU-R: International
Telecommunication Union
(Radiocommunication Sector)
 F.1191: Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital radio-relay systems.
 F.383-6: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity
radio-relay systems operating in the lower 6 GHz band.
 F.383-7: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for high capacity fixed
wireless systems operating in the lower 6 GHz (5 925 to 6 425 MHz) band.
 F.384-7: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high
capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the upper 6H
GHz band.
 F.385-6: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for radio-relay systems
operating in the 7 GHz band.

Description
 F.385-7: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed wireless systems

operating in the 7 GHz band, Rec 1-4, Annex 1,3,4.
 F.386-6: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for medium and high
capacity analogue or digital radio-relay systems operating in the 8 GHz
band.
operating in the 13 GHz frequency band.
operating in the 13 GHz (12.75-13.25 GHz) frequency band.
 F.595-8/ACA: Radio-frequency channel arrangements for fixed wireless
systems operating in the 18 GHz frequency band.
operating in the 15 GHz band (14.4-15.35 GHz) band.
operating in the 23 GHz band, Annex 1, Annex 3, Annex 4.
 F.748-4: Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service
operating in the 25, 26 and 28 GHz bands, Annex 2.
 F.749-2: Radio-frequency arrangements for systems of the fixed service
operating in the 38 GHz band, Annex 1 and 3.
 F.1520-2: Radio-frequency arrangements for systems in the fixed service
operating in the band 31.8-33.4 GHz.
ITU-T: International
Telecommunication Union
 G.650: Definition and Test Methods for the Relevant Parameters of Single
mode Fibers.
 G.651: Characteristics of a 50/125 µm Multimode Graded Index Optical
Fiber Cable.
 G.652: Characteristics of a Single mode Optical Fiber Cable.
 G.653: Characteristics of a Dispersion shifted Single mode Optical Fiber
Cable.
 G.654: Characteristics of a Cut off Shifted Single Mode Optical Fiber
Cable.

Description
 G.655: Characteristics of a Non zero Dispersion Shifted Single mode

Optical Fiber Cable.
 G.664: Optical Safety Procedures and Requirements for Optical Transport
Systems.
 G.703: Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital
Interfaces.
 G.704: Synchronous Frame Structures Used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and
44 736 kbit/s Hierarchical Levels.
 G.707: Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.
 G.708: Sub STM 0 Network Node Interface for the Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH).
 G.711: Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies.
 G.712: Transmission performance characteristics of pulse code modulation
channels.
 G.731: Primary PCM multiplex equipment for voice frequencies.
 G.732: Characteristics of primary PCM multiplex equipment operating at
2048 kbit/s.
 G.772: Protected Monitoring Points provided on Digital Transmission
Systems.
 G.774 & G.774.n: SDH Information Model.
 G.781: Synchronization Layer Functions.
 G.872: Architecture of Optical Transport Networks.
 G.783: Characteristics of SDH Equipment Functional Blocks.
 G.784: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Management.
 G.803: Architectures of Transport Networks based on the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy.
 G.805: Generic Functional Architecture of Transport Networks.
 G.811: Timing Characteristics of Primary Reference Clocks.
 G.812: Timing Requirements of Slave Clocks Suitable for Use as Node
Clocks in Synchronization Networks.
 G.813: Timing Characteristics of SDH Equipment Slave Clocks (SEC).
 G.823: The Control of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks, which
are based on the 2048 kbit/s Hierarchy.
 G.825: The Control of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks, which
are based on the SDH (Draft).
 G.826: Error Performance Parameters and Objectives for International,
Constant Bit Rate Digital Paths at or above the Primary Rate.

Description
 G.829: Error Performance Events for SDH Multiplex and Regenerator

Sections.
 G.841: Types and Characteristics of SDH Network Protection
Architectures.
 G.842: Interworking of SDH Protection Architectures.
 G.957: Optical Interfaces for Equipment and Systems relating to the
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy.
 G.958: Digital Line Systems Based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
for Use on Optical Fiber Cables.
 G.959.1: Optical Transport Network Physical Layer Interfaces.
 G.7041: Generic framing procedure (GFP).
 G.7042: Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated
signals.
 G.7043: Virtual concatenation of Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
signals.
 G.8032: Ethernet ring protection switching.
 G.8040: GFP frame mapping into Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH).
 G.8261/Y.1361: Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks.
 G.8262/Y.1362: Timing characteristics of synchronous Ethernet equipment
slave clock (EEC).
 G.8264/Y.1364: Distribution of timing information through packet
networks.
 M.3010: Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network.
 M.3100: Generic Network Information Model.
 Q.821: Alarm Surveillance.
 Q.822: Performance Monitoring.
 V.11: Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange
circuits operating at data signaling rates up to 10 Mbit/s.
 V.110: Support by an ISDN of data terminal equipments with V-series type
interfaces.
 V.14: Transmission of start-stop characters over synchronous bearer
channels.
 V.24: List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminal
equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
 V.28: Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange
circuits.
 V.35: Data transmission at 48 kbit/s using 60-108 kHz group band circuits.

Description
 V.37: Synchronous data transmission at a data signaling rate higher than 72

kbit/s using 60-108 kHz group band circuits.
 X.21: Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data
Circuit-terminating Equipment for synchronous operation on public data
networks.
 X.24: List of definitions for interchange circuits between Data Terminal
Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) on
public data networks.
 X.217, X.227: ACSE Specification.
 X.219, X.229: ROSE Specification.
 Y.1710: Requirements for Operation & Maintenance functionality for
MPLS networks.
 Y.1711: Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks.
 Y.1731: OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks.
MEF: Metro Ethernet Forum

 MEF 2: Requirements and Framework for Ethernet Service Protection
 MEF 3: Circuit Emulation Service Definitions, Framework and
Requirements in Metro Ethernet Networks.
 MEF 6.1: Metro Ethernet Services Definitions Phase 2.
 MEF 8: Implementation Agreement for the Emulation of PDH Circuits
over Metro Ethernet Networks.
 MEF 9: Abstract Test Suite for Ethernet Services at the UNI.
 MEF 10: Ethernet Service Attributes.
 MEF 11: User Network Interface (UNI) Requirements and Framework.
 MEF 13: User Network Interface (UNI) Type 1 Implementation Agreement
 MEF 14 Abstract Test Suite for Traffic Management.
 MEF 17: Service OAM Framework and Requirements.
 MEF 18: Abstract Test Suite for Circuit Emulation Services.
 MEF 20: UNI Type 2 Implementation Agreement.
 MEF 22: Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement.
 MEF 23: Class of Service Phase 1 Implementation Agreement
 MEF Ethernet Service Performance Monitoring draft.

Index
PDH interface • 6-12
A
physical description • 4-9
Applications and Services SDH interface • 6-9
Cellular • 2-3 XIO30 • 6-6
Data • 2-2 BG-30B
Metro-access • 2-3 overview • 4-9
Private network • 2-12 physical description • 4-9
Triple-play • 2-13 traffic card • 4-9
Utelcos • 2-10 BG-30E
Architecture expansion traffic cards • 4-13
client/server • 10-2 physical description • 4-6
Control subsystem • 3-3 BG-64
Engineering orderwire • 3-10 Ethernet interface • 6-15
Modular • 3-2 MCP64 • 6-5
Power feed subsystem • 3-9 overview • 4-14
TDM configuration • 3-7 PDH interface • 6-12
Timing • 3-5 physical description • 4-14
Traffic and cross-connect traffic cards • 4-14
functionality • 3-6 XIO64 • 6-7
B BGW-10 • 7-14
Backhauling platform layout • 7-15
cellular • 7-10 BG-Wave
Fixed-Line • 7-12 applications • 7-9
Wimax • 7-11 expansion shelves • 7-16
BG-20 • 6-9, 6-11 Introduction • 7-2
managment • 10-1 product line • 7-6
MXC-20 • 6-3 BGW-E • 7-16
overview • 1-1 BGW-E/20E expansion platform
layout • 7-18
protection • 9-1
BGW-O ODU • 7-22
BG-20B • 4-1
configuration and installation options
• 7-23
BG-20E
BroadGate
expansion traffic cards • 4-8
components and service cards • 6-1
BG-30
platform layout • 4-1
Ethernet interface • 6-15
product line • 1-4
MCP30 • 6-4
426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary I-1

Index BroadGate Product Line General
Description
C I
Cellular Applications • 2-3 Integration with Other Products • 10-3
Client/Server • 10-2 Inteligent PCM • 6-18
Commuinication with Management • 3-5 Internal Control and Processing • 3-3
Communication with External Equipment L
• 3-5
Components • 6-1 Layered Architecture • 10-1
Configuration Backup • 3-3 LCT-BGF • 10-11
Control Subsystem • 3-3 LightSoft Network Manager • 10-3
Cross-Connect Funcionality • 3-6 fault management • 10-7
GUI • 10-4
D
GUI cut-through • 10-8
Data Applications • 2-2 management interfaces • 10-3
Data Traffic Functions redundancy • 10-8
BG-30 • 6-18 redundancy and security • 10-8
BG-64 • 6-18 security functions • 10-9
Data Trffaic Functions • 1-6 topology management • 10-5
DCMs • 6-17 trail configuration • 10-6
E M
EMS-BGF • 10-9 Main Controller Cards • 6-3
Equipment Protection • 9-11 Management • 10-1
common unit • 9-12 layered architecture • 10-1
traffic unit • 9-11 third-party • 10-3
Ethernet • 1-6 MCP30 • 6-4
bandwidth scaling protection • 9-11 MCP64 • 6-5
traffic protection • 9-8 Metro-Access Applications • 2-3
Ethernet Interface and switching • 6-13 MIF modules • 7-21
BG-20 • 6-13 MIF-E • 7-22
BG-30 • 6-15 MIF-EX • 7-22
BG-64 • 6-15 MPLS • 1-6
Expansion Traffic Cards MSP • 9-5
BG-20E • 4-8 MS-SPRing • 9-6
BG-30E • 4-13 dual-node interconnection • 9-7
F Integration of SNCP • 9-7
Multi-ADM and Multi-TM Modes • 3-8
Fault Management • 10-7
MW_2 base cards • 7-20
Features and Benefits • 1-5
MW_2C • 7-21
G MW_2M • 7-21
GUI Cut-Through • 10-8 MXC20 • 6-3
I-2 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

BroadGate Product Line General Index
Description
O SDH Line Protection • 9-5

OBC (Optical Base Card) • 6-17 SDH Path Protection • 9-2
Optical amplifiers and DCMs • 6-17 Security • 10-9
Orderwire • 3-10 Service Cards • 6-1
Overhead Processing • 6-2 Services • 2-1
Single ADM/TM Mode • 3-7
P SNCP • 9-2
PDH interface • 6-11 revertive • 9-4
BG-20 • 6-11 Software Backup • 3-4
BG-30 • 6-12 Spectral Efficiency and Bandwidth
BG-64 • 6-12 Optimization • 7-30
Physical Description • 4-1 adaptive coding and modulation • 7-
BG-20 • 4-2 32
BG-20B • 4-3 automatic transmit power control • 7-
32
BG-20C_L2M • 4-2
diverse routing • 7-35
BG-20E • 4-7
Ethernet traffic management • 7-36
BG-30 • 4-9
modulation • 7-31
BG-30B • 4-9
Multi-Radio • 7-34
BG-30E • 4-6
optimizing avilable bandwidth • 7-31
BG-64 • 4-14
SPDH • 7-34
Power Feed • 3-9
XPIC • 7-33
Private Network Applications • 2-12
System Architecture • 3-1
Protection • 9-1
overview • 3-1
equipment • 9-11
Ethernet • 9-8 T
MSP • 9-5 TDM Configuration Options • 3-7
MS-SPRing • 9-6 multi ADM/TM modes • 3-8
overview • 9-1 single ADM/TM mode • 3-7
SDH line • 9-5 Third-Party Management • 10-11
SDH path • 9-2 Timing • 3-5
traffic • 9-2 Timing and Synchronization • 7-28
R in BGW-10 • 7-29
in BGW-E • 7-30
Redundancy • 10-8
Topology Management • 10-5
Redundancy and Security • 10-8
Traffic
Restoration • 9-1
Ethernet traffic protection • 9-8
S protection • 9-8
SDH Interface • 6-9 restoration • 9-8
BG-20 • 6-9 Traffic Functionality • 3-6
BG-30 • 6-9 Traffic Interface Module • 6-18
BG-64 • 6-10 Trail Configuration • 10-6
426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary I-3

Index BroadGate Product Line General
Description
DWDM trails • 10-6

Ethernet trails • 10-7
SDH trails • 10-6
Triple-Play Applications • 2-13
Tslot
BG-30 • 6-15
U
UTelco Applications • 2-10
X
XIO30 • 6-6
XIO64 • 6-7
XPIC • 7-33
I-4 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

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Applications and Services ...................................................... 2-1

System Architecture................................................................ 3-1

BG Platform Layout ................................................................. 4-1

Ethernet and MPLS.................................................................. 5-1

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary i

Quality of Service ........................................................................................... 5-13

Components and Service Cards ............................................ 6-1

BG-Wave: Wireless Transmission Support for the

ii ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

Network Communication Control .......................................... 8-1

Protection and Restoration Mechanisms .............................. 9-1

Standards and References .................................................... A-1

Index .......................................................................................... I-1

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary iii

iv ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary v

vi ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary vii

viii ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary ix

x ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 1-1

With the proliferation of LAN-based applications, carriers and service

Dual Matrix Approach

1-2 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

Figure 1-1: Dual matrix principle

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 1-3

 Packet-based Metro network: Enables all metro Ethernet services:

BroadGate Product Line

Figure 1-2: BroadGate product portfolio

1-4 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

BG's Unique Value Proposition

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 1-5

Carrier Class Ethernet and MPLS

1-6 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

 E2E Service Management through a single comprehensive Network

Figure 1-3: Carrier class Ethernet requirements

ECI’s XDM® and BroadGate® product lines are certified to

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 1-7

1-8 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 2-1

Figure 2-1: Typical Ethernet applications

BG polices and queues traffic to ensure QoS, and manages bandwidth

2-2 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

Figure 2-2: BG in a metro-access application

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 2-3

 It efficiently handles advanced data services (WLAN and IP migration)

Figure 2-3: BG-20B in the RAN

2-4 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

Ethernet interfaces are expected to become more common in 3G networks in

Figure 2-4: Typical EoPDH implementation

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 2-5

Figure 2-5: Aggregation and concentration scenario

2-6 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 2-7

 WiMAX for Backhauling - In harsh terrains, non-line-of-sight areas, or

2-8 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

Figure 2-6: ECI WiMAX backhaul solution alternatives

426006-2018-013-A01 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 2-9

2-10 ECI Telecom Ltd. Proprietary 426006-2018-013-A01

To support the dynamic nature of the commercial telecom environment, the