NAMINAWE HEALTH CENTER

CONCRETE CLASS ANALYSIS REPORT B20/B25

Prepared by: Prepared for:

CONSULTEC – CONSULTORES UNOPS - UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR

ASSOCIADOS, LDA. PROJECT SERVICES
(MOZAMBIQUE)

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1. MAIN OBJECT
The purpose of this report is to carry out a comparative analysis between mixes of resistance
concrete of 20Mpa (Class B20), 22.21 Mpa (obtained in “in situ tests”) and 25 Mpa
(Class B25).
Hence, the need to make a comparison arose because in "in situ" after 28 days of curing, the
breaking strength of concrete indicated in the assumptions is not in accordance with the
requirement. Therefore, the need to carry out a verification that focuses on collecting the result
of tension obtained after 28 days on site, versus the desired result.

For better clarification, this report will be divided into two parts that include:

 The calculation made, comparing the concrete strengths of B20 and B25, where these results are
shown in comparative tables, for a better understanding of the problem and investigation;
 Manual pre-dimensioning done obeying a resistance of 22.21Mpa.

2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE B20(16/20) AND

B25(C20/25)
For a good comparative analysis of the classes of concrete, the concrete to be used must satisfy
the conditions established in the Regulation of Concrete of Hydraulic Binders (RBLH) and must
comply with the stipulations in articles 13 and 14 of REBAP - Regulation of Construction
Structures. Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete (Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete). Having
said that, we will start this analysis by checking the table below that presents the optimal
resistance for the two types of concrete:

Comprehension Resistance Strength, minimum Strength, minimum

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Class characteristic of the sampled characteristic of the

concrete (cylindrical) sampled concrete
(cubic)

B20(C16/20) 16 20

B25(C20/25) 20 25

2.1. BREAKING STRESS TO COMPRESSION

The tensile strength of concrete in compression must be determined by testing cubes with a 20
cm edge or by testing cylinders 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm high. In determining the
characteristic values of the compressive breaking strength, necessary for the classification of
concrete (see article 13) of REBAP, the tests must be carried out at 28 days of age, for the
determination of the breaking strength of the concrete under compression they must Tests can be
carried out at the age of the concrete (days) 3, 7, 14 and 28., where the hardening coefficient
values can be taken (relationship between the breaking stresses at 28 days of age shown in the
following table:

Concrete age 3 7 14 28 90 360 ∞

(days)

hardening 0.40 0.65 0.85 1.00 1.20 1.35 1.45

coefficient

These values refer to concrete with current composition and manufacturing and curing
conditions, and whose binder is normal Portland cement with current hardening.

3. OBJECT UNDER STUDY

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3.1. FOUNDATION ELEMENT REPORT FOR CONCRETE B20 AND

CONCRETE B25

1.1 - For Concrete B20

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1.2 - For Concrete B25

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 4. DESCRIPTION

See below the comparative table between the classes of concrete under analysis:

Percentage
CONCRETE CONCRETE
Change in
B20 B25
Foundation Size
Reference
References Material Geometry Reinforcement Material Geometry Reinforcement
s
P1 Concrete: B20 square footing Top X: 8Ø P1 Concrete: Grade square footing Top X: 7Ø 8.3%<10%
Width: 130.0 cm 12@15 25 Width: 120.0cm 12@15 acceptable
Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 8Ø Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 7Ø
12@15 12@15
Bott X: 8Ø Bott X: 7Ø
12@15 12@15
Bott Y: 8Ø Bott Y: 7Ø
12@15 12@15
P2 Concrete: B20 square footing Top X: 8Ø P2 Concrete: Grade square footing Top X: 7Ø 8.3%<10%
Width: 130.0 cm 12@15 25 Width: 120.0cm 12@15 acceptable
Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 8Ø Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 7Ø
12@15 12@15
Bott X: 8Ø Bott X: 7Ø
12@15 12@15
Bott Y: 8Ø Bott Y: 7Ø
12@15 12@15

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Percentage
CONCRETE CONCRETE
Change in
B20 B25
Foundation Size
Reference
References Material Geometry Reinforcement Material Geometry Reinforcement
s
P16 Concrete: B20 square footing Top X: 5Ø P16 Concrete: Grade square footing Top X: 5Ø No Variation
Width: 80.0cm 10@15 25 Width: 80.0cm 10@15 OK
Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 5Ø Depth: 40.0 cm Top Y: 5Ø
10@15 10@15
Bott X: 5Ø Bott X: 5Ø
10@15 10@15
Bott Y: 5Ø Bott Y: 5Ø
10@15 10@15

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3.- Code checks

Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum depth:
Minimum depth:
Minimum: 15cm Verified Minimum: 15cm
No Variation
Calculated: Calculated: Verified
OK
Criteria of CYPE 40cm Criteria of CYPE 40cm

Space to anchor starter bars in Space to anchor starter bars in No Variation

foundation: foundation: OK
Verified Verified
- P1: - P1: Minimum: 0cm
Minimum: 0cm
Calculated: 34cm Calculated: 34cm

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum geometric Minimum geometric No Variation
ratio: ratio: OK
SABS 0100-1. Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Minimum:
Article 4.11.4 0.0013 Article 4.11.4 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Maximum bar Maximum bar No Variation
spacing: spacing: OK
SABS 0100-1. Article Maximum: SABS 0100-1. Article Maximum:
4.11.8.2.2 75cm 4.11.8.2.2 75cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum bar Minimum bar No Variation
spacing: spacing: OK
Criteria of CYPE Minimum: Criteria of CYPE Minimum:
Ingenieros 10cm Ingenieros 10cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Anchorage Anchorage
length: length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS 0100- CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS 0100-
1. Article 4.11.6' 1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
rgt: Calculated: rgt: Calculated: acceptable
30cm Verified 30cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
lft: Calculated: lft: Calculated: acceptable
30cm Verified 30cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 20cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15cm 14%<20%
upwards: Calculated: upwards: Calculated: acceptable
25cm Verified 25cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 20cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15cm 14%<20%
downwards: Calculated: downwards: Calculated: acceptable
25cm Verified 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
rgt: Calculated: rgt: Calculated: acceptable
40cm Verified 35cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
lft: Calculated: lft: Calculated: acceptable
40cm Verified 35cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22cm - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18cm 14%<20%
upwards: Calculated: upwards: Calculated: acceptable
35cm Verified 30cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22cm - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18cm 14%<20%
downwards: Calculated: downwards: Calculated: acceptable
35cm Verified 30cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum length of the end Minimum: Minimum length of the end Minimum:
hooks: 10cm hooks: 10cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 14%<20%
rgt: cm Verified rgt: 20cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 14%<20%
lft: cm Verified lft: 20cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 14%<20%
upwards: cm Verified upwards: 20cm Verified acceptable
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 14%<20%
downwards: cm Verified downwards: 20cm Verified acceptable
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
rgt: 25cm Verified rgt: 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: No Variation
lft: 25cm Verified lft: 25cm Verified OK

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Percentage
Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P1 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated:
upwards: 25cm Verified upwards: 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated:
downwards: 25cm Verified downwards: 25cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum depth: Minimum depth:
Minimum: 15cm Minimum: 15cm No Variation
Verified Verified
Criteria of CYPE Calculated: Calculated: OK
Criteria of CYPE
40cm 40cm
Space to anchor starter bars in Space to anchor starter bars in
foundation: foundation:
Minimum: 0cm Verified Minimum: 0cm Verified
- P2: Calculated:
- P2: Calculated:
34cm 34cm
Minimum geometric ratio: Minimum geometric ratio:

SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum:
0.0013 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019

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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated: No Variation
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019 OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
Verified Verified
direction: 0.0019 direction: 0.0019
Maximum bar Maximum bar
spacing: Maximum: spacing: Maximum:
SABS 0100-1. Article 75cm SABS 0100-1. Article 75cm
4.11.8.2.2 4.11.8.2.2
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
Verified Verified
direction: cm direction: cm OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Minimum bar Minimum bar
spacing: spacing:
Criteria of CYPE Minimum: Criteria of CYPE Minimum:
Ingenieros 10cm Ingenieros 10cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Anchorage length: Anchorage length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6' CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm
14%<20%
rgt: Calculated: Verified rgt: Calculated: Verified
acceptable
30cm 30cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
lft: Calculated: lft: Calculated: acceptable
30cm Verified 30cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18cm 14%<20%
upwards: Calculated: upwards: Calculated: acceptable
20cm Verified 20cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 15cm - Bott. reinf. Y direction Minimum: 18cm 14%<20%
downwards: Calculated: downwards: Calculated: acceptable
20cm Verified 20cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
rgt: Calculated: rgt: Calculated: acceptable
40cm Verified 35cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Top reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm
lft: Calculated: lft: Calculated:
40cm Verified 35cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22cm - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 25cm
upwards: Calculated: upwards: Calculated:
30cm Verified 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22cm - Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 25cm
downwards: Calculated: downwards: Calculated:
30cm Verified 25cm Verified
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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum length of the end Minimum: Minimum length of the end Minimum:
hooks: 10cm hooks: 10cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
rgt: cm Verified rgt: 20cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
lft: cm Verified lft: 20cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated:
upwards: cm Verified upwards: 20cm Verified
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated:
downwards: cm Verified downwards: 20cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
rgt: 25cm Verified rgt: 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
lft: 25cm Verified lft: 25cm Verified

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Percentage
Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P2 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: No Variation
upwards: 25cm Verified upwards: 25cm Verified OK
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated:
downwards: 25cm Verified downwards: 25cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum depth: Minimum: 15cm Minimum depth: Minimum: 15cm
No Variation
Criteria of CYPE Calculated: Verified Criteria of CYPE Calculated: Verified
OK
40cm 40cm
Space to anchor starter bars in Minimum: 0cm Space to anchor starter bars in Minimum: 0cm
foundation: Verified foundation: Verified
Calculated: Calculated:
- P16: 34cm - P16: 34cm
Minimum geometric ratio: Minimum geometric ratio:
SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum: SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.4 Minimum:
0.0013 0.0013
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: - Bottom reinf. X Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: - Top reinf. X Calculated: No Variation
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified OK

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00

Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: - Top reinf. Y Calculated:
direction: 0.0019 Verified direction: 0.0019 Verified
Maximum bar spacing: Maximum bar spacing:
Maximum: Maximum:
SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.8.2.2 75cm SABS 0100-1. Article 4.11.8.2.2 75cm

- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation

Verified Verified
direction: cm direction: cm OK
- Minimum bar spacing:
Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y direction: Calculated: 15
Verified Verified
Criteria of CYPE cm cm
Ingenieros

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES
REV.
PROJECT No..: C22-44
00

Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Minimum bar spacing:
Minimum:
Criteria of CYPE Ingenieros 10cm
- Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. X Calculated: 15 No Variation
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified OK
- Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Bottom reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
- Top reinf. X Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. X Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified

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 PAGE.
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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES
REV.
PROJECT No..: C22-44
00

Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15 - Top reinf. Y Calculated: 15
direction: cm Verified direction: cm Verified
Anchorage Anchorage
length: length:
CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS CYPE criteria, based on: 'SABS
0100-1. Article 4.11.6' 0100-1. Article 4.11.6'
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 25cm - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Minimum: 20cm 14%<20%
rgt: Calculated: rgt: Calculated: acceptable
30cm Verified 30cm Verified
Minimum: 25cm Minimum: 20cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward - Bott. reinf. X direction toward 14%<20%
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
lft: lft: acceptable
30cm 30cm

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 PAGE.
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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES
REV.
PROJECT No..: C22-44
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Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
Minimum: 15cm Minimum: 18cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction - Bott. reinf. Y direction 14%<20%
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
upwards: upwards: acceptable
20cm 20cm
Minimum: 15cm Minimum: 18cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction - Bott. reinf. Y direction 14%<20%
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
downwards: downwards: acceptable
20cm 20cm
Minimum: 25cm Minimum: 20cm
- Top reinf. X direction toward - Top reinf. X direction toward 14%<20%
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
rgt: rgt: acceptable
40cm 35cm
Minimum: 25cm Minimum: 20cm
- Top reinf. X direction toward - Top reinf. X direction toward 14%<20%
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
lft: lft: acceptable
40cm 35cm
Minimum: 22cm Minimum: 25cm
- Top reinf. Y direction - Top reinf. Y direction
Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
upwards: upwards:
30cm 25cm

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES
REV.
PROJECT No..: C22-44
00

Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. Y direction Minimum: 22cm Minimum: 25cm
- Top reinf. Y direction
downwards: Calculated: Verified Calculated: Verified
downwards:
30cm 25cm
Minimum length of the end Minimum: Minimum length of the end Minimum:
hooks: 10cm hooks: 10cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
Verified Verified
rgt: cm rgt: 20cm
- Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
Verified Verified
lft: cm lft: 20cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated:
Verified Verified
upwards: cm upwards: 20cm
- Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated: 15 - Bott. reinf. Y direction Calculated:
Verified Verified
downwards: cm downwards: 20cm

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DISCIPLINE: STRUCTURES
REV.
PROJECT No..: C22-44
00

Percentage
Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B20 Reference: P16 - CONCRETE B25 Change in
Details: 130x130x40 Details: 120x120x40 Foundation
bars
code checks Values Status code checks Values Status
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
rgt: 25cm Verified rgt: 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated: - Top reinf. X direction toward Calculated:
lft: 25cm Verified lft: 25cm Verified
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: No Variation
upwards: 25cm Verified upwards: 25cm Verified OK
- Top reinf. Y direction Calculated: - Top reinf. Y direction Calculated:
downwards: 25cm Verified downwards: 25cm Verified
All the checks have been verified

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 5. FINAL COMPARATIVE ANALYZES ON ROUTE TENSION
BETWEEN B20 and B25

After analyzing the breaking stress behavior between B20 and B25 concrete (which are the
intermediate classes between the concrete obtained by testing and the concrete presented in the
assumptions), it was concluded that for the footings in question P1, P2 and P16 for a resistance of
20Mpa check the safety parameters.

The Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1) establishes the limit variation of steel reinforcement in a concrete
footing. According to article 9.4.2.4(4) of this regulation, the limit variation for the volume of
steel reinforcement in a footing is ±20%. This means that the volume of steel reinforcement in a
footing must not vary by more than 20% from the nominal value.

In addition, Eurocode 2 also sets limits for other dimensional variations, such as footing thickness,
which must be checked to ensure that the variation is within acceptable limits. Article 7.4.3(2) of
Eurocode 2 establishes that the variation in footing thickness must not exceed ±10% in relation to
the nominal thickness.

These limits are established to guarantee the safety and stability of the structure, ensuring that the
dimensions and quantities of materials are within acceptable limits for the correct design and
verification of reinforced concrete structures.

6. THE MANUAL PRE-DISIZING MADE OBEYING A RESISTANCE OF 22.21MPA

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To pre-dimension the footing, we will follow Eurocode 2 (EC2) for reinforced concrete, EC7 for
geotechnics and EC8 for seismic dimensioning.

6.1. STEP 1: VERIFICATION OF ACTIONS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS (EC1)

Based on project location information, we will adopt exposure class XC1 and strength class
B25(C20/25) for concrete as per EC2.

Data extracted from the Program for Pillar P1:

The vertical load on the footing will be given by the equation:

N=∑ Nsd/ γf

14.69+0.03+(17,06/0,6)
N=
1.5

43.15
N=
1.5

N=28.77 kN

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The horizontal load on the footing will be given by:

Mx=∑ Msd x / γf

−0.28+ 0.01+(0,21/0,6) 0.08

Mx= =
1.5 1.5

Mx=0.053 kNm

My =∑ Msd y / γf

0.23+ 0.06+(8,41/0,6) 14.3

My = =
1.5 1.5

My =9.54 kNm

Vertical and horizontal loads will be combined following EC1 load combinations. We will adopt
the most unfavorable combination, which is the combination 1.5G + 1.5Q, where G is the
permanent load (self-weight of the structure and fixed elements) and Q is the variable load
(accidental load and occupancy).

Therefore, the sizing actions will be:

Nsd=1 .5 x 28.77

Nsd=43.15 kN

Msdx =1. 5 x 0.053

Msdx =0.08 kNm

Msdy=1. 5 x 9.54

Msdy =14.31 kNm

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6.2. STEP 2: DETERMINATION OF FOOTING DIMENSIONS (EC7)

The footing area can be calculated by:

Nsd
A=
σadm

σadm=qadm x γf

σadm=337.5 kPa

43.15 kN
A=
337.5 kPa x 1.20 m x 1.20 m

A=0.09 m²

Assuming a thickness of 0.4 m, the footing width can be determined by:

A
b=
d

0.09
b=
0.4

b=0.23 m

Therefore, we will adopt a footing with dimensions of 1.20 mx 1.20 mx 0.4 m (length x width x
thickness).

6.3. STEP 3: FOOTING SECURITY CHECK (EC2)

contact tension:

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Nsd
σ c=
A

43.15
σ c= =30 kPa
1.20 x 1.20

Allowable soil tension:

σadm >σw

337.5 kPa > 30 kPa (okay)

Resistant bending moment:

The resistant bending moment can be calculated by the equation:

ωbd ² fcd
Mrd=
γm

where:

ω = 1.0 (for reinforced concrete with unstressed reinforcement)

B= 1.20 m (footing width)

d= 0.4 m (footing height)

αcc x fck
fcd=
γc

αcc= 0.85 for class B25 concrete (C20/25)

fck= 22.21 MPa (characteristic strength of concrete)

γw= 1.5 (partial safety factor of the concrete)

γm= 1.15 (partial safety factor for variable actions)

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0.85 x 22.21 MPa

fcd=
1.5

fcd=¿ 12.56Mpa
2
1.0 x 1.20 m x 0. 4 12.56
Mrd=
1.15

Mrd=¿ 88.16kNm

6.4. FOOTING SAFETY CHECK

The verification of the footing safety can be done by comparing the resistant bending moment
(Mrd) with the calculation bending moment (MEd), calculated from the combined actions:

Msd =√ Msd x + Msdy ²

2

Msd =√ 0.0 8 + 14.31²

2

Msd =14.31kNm

Msd < Mrd

14.31<88.16(Ok !)

With the characteristic resistance of concrete (22.21 Mpa), resulting from the concrete
compression test, the footing is safe for the actions and load combinations considered.

7. CONCLUSION

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The mix of a concrete with fck = 22.21 MPa can vary depending on several factors, such as the
type of cement used, the characteristics of the constituent materials (sand, gravel, water), curing
conditions, among others.

Generally, the mix is determined based on laboratory tests, following a dosage that presents the
desired mechanical properties for the specific application of the concrete.

For this pre-dimensioning of the footing, the reference ratio of 1:2:3 was used, that is, a mixture
composed of one part of cement, two parts of sand and three parts of gravel. Analyzing the level
of safety coefficient, the resistance of 22.21Mpa does not pose a danger to the footings under
study.

However, it is important to remember that this is just an analysis and that it is necessary to carry
out laboratory tests to confirm the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the work.

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