2) It has been argued that plantations may protect natural biodiversity indirectly by enabling greater

wood production from smaller, intensively managed areas, thus sparing remaining natural forests
from harvesting pressure. Wood production from plantation forests is growing rapidly in many
countries, yet there have been few attempts to assess whether such increased production actually
has benefited natural forests and their biodiversity

As a habitat for other species, plantation forests are characterized by some constraints resulting
from their more- or less-intensive management (see above). Clearcutting and comparatively short
rotations favor the occurrence of ruderal plant species whereas some long-lived climax species may
not be present, and harvesting disturbance may enable invasive exotic plants to invade plantation
forests

Due to the important role that birds play in maintaining ecosystems and supporting biodiversity, many
seek their protection to manage biological threats and efficiently protect the environment