University Of Duhok

Architectural Department
Lecture 5
Stage: 4th
Advance Building Technology

Dynamic Architecture

Lecturer:
Ahmed Khairadeen Ali
 Meaning / Concept

Dynamic Architecture / Dynamic Buildings , the start of a new

conception in Architecture , a concept of buildings in motion which can
be found in many shapes such as:

1. Static-Dynamic (Form, Textures, Colors).

2. Partially-Dynamic (specific spaces, elevations, Interior partitions,
Furniture).
3. Fully-Dynamic (the whole Building can rotate, revolve, swivel or pivot).
 Meaning / Concept

These buildings provides the possibility to orient the own

space:
- according to the moments of the day (sun & light).
- in relation to the seasons.
- in relation to the surrounding environment (views).
- For the purposes of protection and defense
- or simply to own pleasure.
 Early Rotating Buildings

a 1st Century
64 – 70 AD

The room which has just

been discovered was
always turning around
itself just like earth does
and was powered by a
constant flow of water
Nero’s Rotating dining hall at Domus Aurea from the sea and two
(Golden House), a luxurious palace small lakes (Albula
surrounded by an immense portico. waters).
 Early Rotating
Buildings

Renaissance design, like technical innovation in

general, was often driven by military necessity.
Throughout history fighting forces have sought
advantage with stronger swords, thicker walls, and
quieter submarines.

Advances in metal and casting technology created

powerful artillery that rendered obsolete existing
fortifications, rotary machine tooling enabled more
accurate gun barrels, and machine guns
exponentially multiplied firing rates.

Great strides in the mechanization of war were

made during the nineteenth century. At least two
designs were proposed, but ultimately never built.

Renaissance rotary machine tool for

wars
 Early Rotating Buildings

Revolving Summer House and mount at kensington Gardens by Bernard Lens the Younger
, 1736

Like a small-scale Parthenon on the Acropolis, the summer house sat atop a mount overlooking the palace garden with
its features. It offered opportunities to experience and meditate on landscape that was handcrafted to appear
naturalistic. In fact, the mount itself was man-made from earth excavated to create a pond elsewhere on the
grounds.
Early Rotating Buildings

In 1841, Theodore Timby, a nineteen-year-old from

Syracuse, New York, came up with his own design for a
land-based revolving gun tower. To illustrate the
invention he carved a miniature version from a four-inch
block of ivory. The following year he built an ironclad
model seven feet in diameter and in January 1843 he
patented the idea.
 Rotating Restaurants

A Rotating/revolving restaurant is a usually tower restaurant eating space

designed to rest atop a broad circular revolving platform that operates as a
large turntable. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on
the revolving floor. The revolving rate varies between one and three times per
hour and enables patrons to enjoy a panoramic view without leaving their
seats. Such restaurants are often located on upper stories of hotels, television
towers, and skyscrapers.

It wasn't just the recipes that were faddish. The 1960s were halcyon times for
restaurant experiences that hold almost no appeal today, from the dine-o-mat
to the drive-in diner. But one curious product of this era had true staying
power: the revolving restaurant.

1933 1970 1961

1959 1960 Cairo Tower ,
Sightseeing The largely associated with 1960s and 1970s fairs Egypt.
Restaurant Stuttgart and expositions , from the CN Tower in
for Chicago world’s Fernsehtur Toronto, the
fair.
m (TV. Skylon Tower in Niagara Falls, the Sunsphere in
Tower) Knoxville, and the Tower of the Americas in San
Antonio, La Ronde in honolulu, to the Spce
needle for the world’s fair in Seattle.
Sightseeing Restaurant for Chicago World's Fair in 1933
M A Y unusual buildings are now being
planned for the Chicago World's Fair
to be held in 1933. The most modernistic
of these odd structures will be this huge sightseeing
restaurant atop a gigantic col• umn which is
being designed by Norman bel Geddes.
The huge concrete base will house the
machinery for turning the column and will
contain foyers, reception rooms, and park•
ing space for several hundred cars. Three elevators
contained in the column will carry passengers to
and from the gigantic spiral promenade. On the
innerside of the spiral a glass enclosed restaurant
will per• mit visitors to obtain a bird's-eye view
of the exposition while they dine.

Building revolves on its axis every half hour.

17
The
revolving
restaurant's
debut
actuallyoccurred in
Germany, with its
first
iteration
appearing in 1959 in
Stuttgart. Civic
authorities
constructing a TV.
tower were looking
for
som
e
additional means to
wring
tower,useand from the
in the
spirit building, and
postwar
of West
they German
economic
found it in food. hubris,
the put a Stuttgart
They
Fernsehturm
restaurant in the
would tum•
offering at-table
views of not merely
one but every
possible vista.

TV. Tower in Stuttgart, 1 959

 Cairo Tower in Egypt,
1961

Most European spinning restaurant construction

happened at the same time, from the Donauturm
in Vienna to the Olympiaturm in Munich. Towers
in Cairo, Kenya, the Philippines, and many other
locations soon joined the revolving revolution.
The Eastern Bloc embraced the gimmick too,
most notably in the Fernsehturm in East Berlin
and the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, but also
more remotely, in Tallinn and across the Central
Asian Republics.
Designing a building on a
turntable

The basic form of revolving portion of the building was simple: A

circular structure containing a platform rotated around a central core,
which held elevators, kitchens, and so on, designed to ensure that
every table cycled through a view of the surrounding landscape at a
carefully calibrated speed.
Designing a building on a
turntable The wheeled turntable mechanism in one rotating
The restaurant rests on a thin steel tower
platform, which sits on top of a series of
wheels connected to the floor. The
propulsion? Frequently, a motor with only
about ¾ horsepower, according to
Steinberg, attached to an angled steel
plate with "wheels on both sides like a
clutch." A prominent question was just
how rapidly to turn the platform—how
fast to patrons want to spin?

Macton recommended 40 to 50 minutes

for most rotations, which some thought
was merely an arbitrary speed, But
Steinberg said that the management at
one hotel noticed that people would
often get off the spinning deck after one
rotation at the same place where they
got on—to get another cocktail at the
bar.

So they decided to subtly encourage the

speed, adjusting the rotation to a half
hour. "If we speed it up we'll sell more
drinks because they'll get off quicker,"
the hotel management reasoned.
Patrons did speed up their drinking—but
there was also an unforeseen side effect.
"They were also getting sick all the time!
So they soon set that back to regular
speed."
Designing a building on a
turntable

Typically, the turntable itself was entirely

independent of the surrounding
structure; a timeworn diner's test was to
leave something on the lip of the
unmoving edge of the floor and watch it
inch away. Some structures completely
separated the static core from the
spinning outer ring with a set of
windows.

Whatever their exact engineering, nearly

all spinning restaurants were designed
with a sole, obvious goal: Unobstructed
views—the circular, revolving portion is
surrounded by curved glass. There was
more variety is to be found in the kind of
buildings that supported them, though.
 Rotating Restaurants
Forms

Most rotating restaurants are like architectural barnacles. They rely on

other "host" buildings or natural features to provide the necessary
height, concentration of visitors, and a share of the design statement.

The host structure or site usually has one of three primary forms:
vertical cantilevered towers (the superstars of the genre); commercial
and industrial buildings; or mountain tops.

Towers build adjacent to tourist-frequented natural wonders like Niagra

Falls or expositions like the Tower of the Americas in San Antonio,
Texas, served primarily as observation deck, restaurant attraction, and
instant landmark. Other towers were first and foremost
telecommunications platforms—-revolving restaurants and observation
decks were ancillary income generators.
 Rotating Restaurants
Forms
Spire restaurants, a series of
columns or needles supporting an
orb or cylinder, are certainly the
best- known type—and the stuff of
countless skyline whether they
accommodate some other function
or exist only for the fine view.

Occasionally, these towers

culminate in observation
structures, like the sparkled
microphone of the Reunion tower
in Dallas, or the pillared disco ball
of the Sunsphere in Knoxille. But
spires usually rise through and
beyond any restaurants. The
towers themselves are typically
dull linear or mildly narrowing
columns; visual interest is a
question of whatever cylinder,
globe or discus these assorted
javelins seem to have speared.
They make for interesting
contrastive additions to cityscapes,
but are generally a pretty uniform
lot.
Rotating Restaurants Forms

Alttitude Restaurant, Kazmic TV. Tower, Bratislava.

1975

Occasionally observation structures attempt something more

strange; the Kamzik Tower near Bratislava, has no central
column. Rather, four angled columns run along its corner, an
exoskeleton that widens and then narrows again with several
clearly separated floors exposed. It looks almost like an
Eastern Bloc joke of a building finished non-sequentially that
decided to open existing floors no matter how much sky
separated them—-and it looks great.
 Rotating Restaurants
Forms

The third category, mountaintop

revolving restaurants, is about
the simplest expression of the
form, given that their locations
obviously don't require much of
a built platform to achieve a
view.

You'll find them in the Alps, in

the Himalayas, and even, in the
case of the
Drehrestaurant Allalin, atop a
glacier. The best-known
mountaintop
restaurant is Piz Gloria in
Switzerland, whose
claim to fame is its role as Telly
Savalas' health spa in the 1968
James Bond film On Her
Majesty's Secret Service.
 First Rotating Residential
Tower Suite Vollard, 2001

▪ The Suite Vollard is a rotating residential building in Curitiba, Parana,

Brazil.
▪ This Apartment Building was Designed by a team of Architects,
headed by Bruno de Franco & David Fisher.
▪ This building is the only one of its kind in the world, as each of the 11
apartments can rotate 360º.
▪ Each apartment can spin individually in any direction. One
rotation takes a full hour.
▪ The apartment rings rotate around a static core used
for building services, utilities, and all areas which require
plumbing.
▪ Each apartment was sold for approximately 300,000 $.
First Rotating Residential
Tower Suite Vollard, 2001

35
 Partially Rotating
House Sharifi-Ha house,
Based in Tehran, the Tehran,2013
Sharifi-ha House by Iranian
architectural firm Nextoffice
is a luxurious home by
anyone's standard. The
seven-floor residence boasts
an elevator, swimming pool,
and a sizable gym. More
interestingly, it also features
three rooms which resemble
large wooden boxes and sit
upon operable rotating
platforms.

Sharifi-ha House's three

operable rooms remain in a
flat, or "closed" position
during cold weather.
However, if the sun comes
out, each room can rotate
90 degrees outwards with
the touch of a button to
reveal a terraced area. While
the house is in its "open"
state, there's also more
ventilation and light available
to those inside.
 Twisted / Dancing
Skyscrapers
One of the latest design trends that seems to have found appeal among some architects is a
towering skyscraper that twists its way up to the top. Possibly the first, modern, twisted
skyscraper constructed was the Turning Torso in Malmö, Sweden. It is designed by the Spanish
architect Santiago Calatrava and officially opened on 27 August 2005.

After the successful

completion of the Turning
Torso, designers started
proposing similar audacious
structures elsewhere. Many
projects got shelved, others
were passed and built, and
a handful of them are
currently under
construction.
Dynamic Revolution
Dr. David Fisher's Revolution, 2008

23
 Dynamic
Revolution The Fourth Dimension !

The greatest innovation, which characterizes David Fisher’s tower of endless shapes is the
introduction of the fourth dimension, Time, as an essential part of the building philosophy.

This concept brings first of all a dynamic use of space: not only does the Rotating Tower
adjust to its surroundings, it can also comply with its tenants’ needs and whims.

Dynamic/Rotating towers and skyscrapers, allow tenants to select their favorite view at any
moment, following the sun or letting the apartment rotate slowly to enjoy the view. This
means that the Tower's external shape and profile change constantly, projecting a new
perception of architecture: what was motionless has become dynamic.

David Fisher describe his buildings as "designed by time, shaped by

life".

For all these reasons, David Fisher thinks and designs his buildings with four dimensions, not
only height, width and depth, but also “Time”.
 Dynamic
Revolution

The Rotating Tower brings three main

futuristic aspects, three revolutions:

1. The shape of the building changes

continuously: Buildings as Part of the
Environment, adjusting to the sun and
the wind, to the view and to our
momentary requirements. Each floor, in
fact, can rotate separately, changing
every second the shape of the building.

The Rotating Skyscraper takes on

shapes imposed by time and life, never
appearing the same in any two given
moments. It is the first building to have
four dimensions: Designed by TIME,
shaped by LIFE.
 Dynamic
Revolution

2. The method of construction (Prefabrication) It

is in fact the first building produced in a
factory, giving construction a new industrial
approach.

The entire building, aside from the concrete

core, is made of prefabricated units which
arrive to the construction site completely
finished, including flooring, water piping, air
conditioning and all finishes. These units,
made of steel, aluminium, carbon fiber and
other high quality modern materials, are
installed “mechanically” on site.

The building, made of single separate floors,

is structurally sound and flexible at the
same time, being of very high seismic
resistance.
 Dynamic
Revolution

3. The combining technology and

luxury with environment:

The skyscraper's wind turbines,

positioned horizontally between
each floor, and solar ink on its
many roofs will produce energy
making the tower the first self-
powered building.

Thus the Rotating Tower, a

unique architectural solution,
becomes also a "power station"
producing green energy for the
city.
Any Questions