Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Solving Problems Involving
Sampling Distributions of the
Sample Means
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Solving Problems Involving Sampling Distributions of the
Sample Means
First Edition, 2020

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Solving Problems Involving
Sampling Distributions of the
Sample Means
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible for your learning.
Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the
module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the concepts of Solving Problems Involving Sampling
Distributions of the Sample Means. It also includes the discussion on Central
Limit Theorem. The scope of this module permits you to navigate in many
different learning situations. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is all about Solving Problems Involving Sampling

Distributions of the Sample Means.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the sampling distribution of the sample mean using the Central
Limit Theorem (M11/12SP-III-3);
2. solve problems involving sampling distributions of the sample mean
(M11/12SP-IIIe-f-1).

1
 Let Us Try
Read and analyze the following items. Write the letter of the best
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following shows the concept of the Central Limit Theorem
using a random sample of size n from a population of N students?
a. The mean of the sampling distribution approaches the mean
population.
b. The mean of the sampling distribution is less than the mean population.
c. The mean of the sampling distribution is greater than the mean
population.
d. None of the above

For items 2-5, refer to the given problem below.

The mean time for a group of senior high school learners to finish the
exam is 50 minutes with a standard deviation of 8 minutes. It is assumed that
the variable is normally distributed.

2. Which of the following represents the solution to find the probability that
a randomly selected senior high school learners will finish the exam in less
than 54 minutes,
a. P(X>54) b. P(X>50) c. P(X<54) d. P(X<50)

3. What is the equivalent solution using the normal curve of item 2?

a. 19.15% b. 30.85% c. 80.85% d. 69.15%

4. If 30 learners are selected randomly, find the z-score if we are asked to find
P (𝑋̅>54)?
a. 2.74 b. 0.50 c. 3.54 d. 2.50

5. Which of the following best interprets the solution of item number 4?

a. The probability that 30 randomly selected learners will finish the exam
in more than 54 minutes is 0.31%.
b. The probability that a learner will finish the exam is more than 54
minutes 0.31%.
c. The probability that a learner will finish the exam in 54 minutes is
0.31%.
d. None of the above

2
 Lesson Solving Problems Involving

1 Sampling Distributions of the

Sample Means

Let Us Study

In a sampling distribution, we need to make sure that there is a good

estimate of the population mean. Thus, the Central Limit Theorem is very
essential.

Central Limit Theorem

If n samples are selected randomly from a population, and as
n increases, the mean of the sampling distribution
approaches to a normal distribution no matter what the
shape of the population distribution is.

The Central Theorem plays a significant role in guaranteeing that in an

infinite population, the sampling distribution of the sample means
approaches to a normal distribution noting that n is large. This also allows
the use of the new formula for the z values whenever we are computing for
the probability of 𝑋̅.
𝑋̅ − 
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
where: 𝑋̅ = sample mean `
 = population mean
𝜎 = population standard deviation
𝑛 = sample size

Example 1. In a certain study, the average attention span of the students in

a class discussion is 12.5 minutes. The standard deviation is 2.5
minutes. Assume that the variable is normally distributed.
a. What is the probability that the attention span of a randomly selected
student will be more than 12 minutes?

3
 Steps Solution
 = 12.5
1. Identify the given information. 𝜎 = 2.5
𝑋 = 12

2. Identify what is asked for. 𝑃(𝑋 > 12)

The given problem involves individual

data from the population.
3. Identify the formula to be used.
Thus, we will use the formula
𝑋−
𝑧= to standardize 12.
𝜎

𝑋−
𝑧=
𝜎
12 − 12.5
=
2.5
= −0.2

4. Solve the problem.

Next is to find 𝑃(𝑋 > 12) using the area

under the normal curve.

𝑃(𝑋 > 12) = 𝑃(𝑧 > −0.2)

= 0.0793 + 0.5
= 0.5793

Therefore, the probability that the

attention span of a randomly selected
5. State the final answer.
student will be more than 12 minutes is
0.5793 or 57.93%

b. If 50 students are selected randomly in the study, what is the

probability that their average attention span in a class discussion is
more than 12 minutes?

4
 Steps Solution
 = 12.5
𝜎 = 2.5
1. Identify the given information.
𝑋̅ = 12
𝑛 = 50

2. Identify what is asked for. 𝑃(𝑋̅ > 12)

The given problem involves data of the

sample means.
3. Identify the formula to be used. Thus, we will use the formula
𝑋̅−
𝑧= 𝜎 to standardize 12.
√𝑛

𝑋̅ − 
𝑧= 𝜎
√𝑛
12 − 12.5
=
2.5
√50
= −1.41

4. Solve the problem.

Next is to find 𝑃(𝑋̅ > 12) using the area

under the normal curve.

𝑃(𝑋̅ > 12) = 𝑃(𝑧 > −1.41)

= 0.4207 + 0.5
= 0.9207

Therefore, the probability that the

average attention span of the 50
5. State the final answer.
randomly selected students will be more
than 12 minutes is 0.9207 or 92.07%.

5
 Let Us Practice
Supply the missing terms of the given problem below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

The average number of students in a private school is 350 with a

standard deviation of 70. Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

1. What is the probability that the number of officially enrolled students will
be less than 375?

Steps Solution

 = 350
1. Identify the given information. 𝜎 = ____
𝑋 = 375

2. Identify what is asked for. _____________

The given problem involves an

individual data from the population.
3. Identify the formula to be used.
𝑋−
Thus, we will use the formula 𝑧 =
𝜎
to standardize _______.

𝑋−
𝑧=
𝜎
= ________
4. Solve the problem. = ________
Next is to find _____________ using the area
under the normal curve.

𝑃(__________) = 𝑃(___________)
= _______________

Therefore, the probability that the

5. State the final answer.
number of officially enrolled students will
be less than 375 is _________.

6
 Let Us Practice More
Using the given situation of the previous activity, supply the
corresponding solution of each step to solve the problem below. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If there are 35 private schools selected randomly in the study, what is the
probability that the average number of officially enrolled students is
between 330 and 370?

Steps Solution

1. Identify the given information.

2. Identify what is asked for.

3. Identify the formula to be used.

4. Solve the problem.

5. State the final answer.

Let Us Remember

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Central Limit Theorem states that as the sample size gets larger, the mean
of the sampling distribution approaches the __________________.
2. If the problem deals with an individual data from the population, then the
appropriate formula to find the z-score is _____________________.
3. If the problem deals with the data of the sample means, then the
appropriate formula to find the z-score is _____________________.

4. If we want to find the probability of 𝑋̅ in a sampling distribution, then we

will apply the concept of _________________________.

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5. In an infinite population, in order to apply the Central Limit Theorem, we
have to assure that the variable is _____________________.

Let Us Assess
Solve the following problems. Use a separate sheet of paper for your solutions.

1. The average number of kilos of meat climbed up to 300 pesos with a

standard deviation of 50 pesos. Assume that the variable is normally
distributed.

a. What is the probability that a public market selected randomly will set
their price to more than 280 pesos? Hint: Use 𝑃(𝑋 > 280)

b. Find the probability that a public market selected randomly will set their
price to less than 325 pesos? Hint: Use 𝑃(𝑋 < 325)

c. If 50 markets are selected randomly, calculate the probability that the

average price of the meat is greater than 290 pesos?
Hint: Use 𝑃(𝑋̅ > 290)

d. If 60 markets are selected randomly, calculate the probability that the

average price of the meat ranges from 285 pesos and 312 pesos?
Hint: Use 𝑃(285 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 312)

Let Us Enhance

Think of any present situational problem. Apply the concepts that you
have learned on solving problems involving the sampling distribution of the
sample means. Write your problem and its corresponding solutions on a
separate sheet of paper.

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 Rubric for Scoring:

Categories 5 4 3 2 1
Accuracy Presented Presented Presented Presented Did not
systematic, systematic, unorganized, wrong attempt to
detailed, and correct, but incomplete, solutions present a
correct incomplete but correct solution
solutions solutions solutions
Content Presented a Presented Presented Some of The ideas
problem that is relevant, limited, the ideas presented
relevant, appropriate, but unclear, but presented are
comprehensive, with limited relevant are irrelevant
and with ideas ideas irrelevant to the
appropriate to the lesson.
ideas lesson.
Grammatical Free of With one error With 2-3 With 4-5 With more
Structure grammatical errors errors than 5
errors errors

Let Us Reflect

Central Limit Theorem is indeed necessary in assuring that sample

means of the sampling distribution is approximating the normal distribution.
If the given problem is all about the individual values of the population, then
𝑋−
the formula to find the z-score is 𝑧 = while if it deals with the data of the
𝜎
𝑋̅−
sample means, then the appropriate formula to be used is 𝑧 = 𝜎 .
√𝑛

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 10
Let Us Assess Let Us Practice More Let Us Practice
1. 1. 70
Solution
a. 0.6554 or 65.54%  = 350 𝑋̅1 = 330 𝑋̅2 = 370 2. P(X < 375)
b.0.6915 or 69.15% 𝜎 = 70 𝑛 = 35
3. 375
c. 0.9207 or 92.07% 𝑃(330 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 370)
d.0.9584 or 95.84% 375−350
4.
The given problem involves data of the 70
sample means.
𝑋̅ −
0.36
Thus, we will use the formula 𝑧 = 𝜎
√𝑛 P(X < 375)
to standardize 330 and 370.
P(X < 375)
𝑋̅ − 𝑋̅ −
𝑧= 𝜎 𝑧= 𝜎
Let Us Remember √𝑛 √𝑛 P(z < 0.36)
330−350 370−350
= 70 = 70
1. normal √35 √35 0.6406
distribution = −1.69 = 1.69
5. 64.06%
𝑋−
2. 𝑧 = Next is to find
𝜎
𝑃(330 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 370) using the area under the
𝑋̅− normal curve.
3. 𝑧 = 𝜎
√𝑛
𝑃(330 ≤ 𝑋̅ ≤ 370) = 𝑃(−1.69 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1.69)
= 0.9090 Let us Try
4.area under the
1. A
normal curve
2. C
Therefore, the probability that the
5.normally average number of officially enrolled 3. D
distributed students of the 35 randomly selected 4. A
private schools will be between 330 and 5. A
370 is 90.90%. 6. D
Answer Key
 Appendix

https://www.conversion-uplift.co.uk/glossary-of-conversion-marketing/z-score/

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 References

Belecina, R., Baccay, E., & Mateo, E. (2016). Statistics and Probability.
Philippines: Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Alferez M, R., Duro, M. (2006). Scientists & Engineers, Statistics and
Probability. Philippines: MSA Publishing House.
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