9

Mathematics
Quarter 1
Quadratic Equations
M9AL-Ia-1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Operations on Rational Numbers!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Operations on Rational Numbers!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

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introduced to you in various ways such as a
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What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
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What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
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answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
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3
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
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to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

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module.

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this module.

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1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
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included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

Most of the time you encounter quadratic equations in your daily life. The trajectory of a ball
thrown upward, the water from a fountain, diving from a platform, calculating areas, and hitting
a golf ball are situations thatt can be modeled by quadratic equations .

The central part of this module is about the illustrations of quadratic equations and how to
solve quadratic equations using different methods. The focus is to help you gain skills in solving
real life problems involving quadratic equations.

The lessons that are included in this module are the following:

Lesson 1: Illustrations of Quadratic Equations

Lesson 2A: Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Square Roots

Lesson 2B: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Lesson 2C: Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

Lesson 2D: Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Illustrate quadratic equations

• Solve quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring;
(c) completing the square; (d) using the quadratic formula

5
 What I Know

Direction: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter that you think
best answer the questions. Please answer all items. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is a polynomial equation of degree two that can be written in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
a. Linear Equation c. Quadratic Equation
b. Linear Inequality d. Quadratic Inequality

2. What is the degree of a quadratic equation?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

3. Which of the following is a quadratic equation in standard form?

a. 2m2 + 4m – 1 b. 3p – 8 = 2 c. 2x2 – x ≥ 10 d. v2 + 5v – 4 = 0

4. Which of the following is a quadratic equation in standard form?

a. x2 – 3x = 7 b. 3x2 = 9 c. 3x2 + 4x – 8 = 0 d. 7x – 5 = 4x

5. In the quadratic equation x2 + 5x – 11 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c respectively?

a. 1, 5, -11 b. 1, -5, 11 c. -1, 5, -11 d. -1, -5, -11

6. In the quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x – 7 = 0, which is the quadratic term?

a. x2 b. 5x c. -7 d. 2x2

1
7. Which of the following is the standard form of the equation x – 3 = x2 ?
2
1 2 1 2
a. 2x2 – x + 3 = 0 b. x –x–3=0 c. x –x–3=0 d. 2x2 – x + 6 = 0
2 2

8. Solve for x in the quadratic equation x2 – 49 = 0.

a. 7 b. -7 c. ±7 d. ±49

9. Find the solutions of the quadratic equation x(x – 5) = 0.

a. x=-5 b. x = 0 c. x=0 or x=5 d. x=0 or x=-5

10. Which of the following is a solution to (2x + 1)(x – 3) = 0?

1
a. b. 3 c. -3 d. -1
2

6
11. Solve for x in the quadratic equation x2 + 5x – 6 = 0.
a. x=1 or x=6 b. x=-1 or x=-6 c. x=-6 or x=1 d. x=6 or x=-1

12. What should be added to x2 – 2x = 4 in order to find the solution by completing the square?
a. -2 b. 1 c. 4 d. 2

13. Which of the following is the quadratic formula?

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 +4𝑎𝑐 𝑏±√𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐
a. 𝑥 = b. 𝑥 = c. 𝑥 = d. 𝑥 =
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎

14. Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions of x2 – x – 4 = 0?

−1 ± √17 1 ± √17 −1 ± √−17 1 ± √−17
a. x = b. x = c. x = d. x =
2 2 2 2

15. What is the best method to solve the quadratic equation 3x2 – 11x + 10 = 0?
a. Extracting square root c. Completing the Square
b. Factoring d. Quadratic Formula

7
 Lesson
Illustrations of Quadratic
1 Equations

Most of the time you encountered equations in your daily life. One of those is a
quadratic equation. Examples of situations that model quadratic equations are the
parabolic bridges, the water falling from a fountain, the astrodome and many more.

What’s In 1

Exercises:

A. Find My Product!

Find each indicated product.

1. 2(x2 + 5)
2. 3m(m – 2)
3. (x + 5)(x – 2)
4. (c + 7)(c – 4)
5. (2g – 3)(g + 1)
6. (x + 3)(x + 3)
7. (2n – 9)(2n – 9)
8. (y + 5)2
9. (3d + 2)(3d – 2)
10. (4 + 3x)(4 – 3x)

B. Identify Me!

Given the following equations, determine which are linear equations and which are not.
1. x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
2. 2x + 3y = 5
3. 3m – 7 = 8
4. 9s2 – 16 = 0
5. y = 3x + 5
6. 2x + y = 8
7. c2 = 121
3
8. r=8
4
9. 2x2 – 5x = 4
1
10. x2 + 3x = 9
4

8
Notes to the Teacher

9
 What’s New

Use the situation below to answer the questions that follows.

You are working in a manufacturing company. You are assign to make aluminum glass
window as part of a new product your company is launching. The engineer told you that the
aluminum glass window’s area must be 24 square foot.

1. Draw a diagram to illustrate the aluminum glass window.

2. What are the possible dimensions of the aluminum glass window ? Give at least 2
pairs of possible dimensions.
3. How did you determine the possible dimensions of the aliminum glass window?
4. Suppose the length of the window is 2 ft longer than its width, what equation would
represent the given situation?
5. How would you describe the equation formulated?
6. Do you think you can use the equation formulated to find the length and the width of
The aluminum glass window? Justify your answer.

What is It

A quadratic equation in one variable is a second degree equation in which the highest
exponent of the variable is 2.
The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are real
numbers, and a ≠ 0. It is composed of a quadratic term, a linear term, and a constant term.
ax2 quadratic term
Why do you think a must not
bx linear term be equal to zero in the
c constant term equation ax2 + bx + c = 0?

Example 1: 3x2 – 2x + 5 = 0 is a quadratic equation in standard form with a = 3, b = -2,

and c = 5.

10
Example 2: 2x(x + 4) = 3 is a quadratic equation. However, it is not written in standard form.
To write the equation in standard form, find the product of the left and side of
the equation and make the right side of the equation equal to zero as shown below:
2x(x + 4) = 3 2x2 + 8x = 3
2x2 + 8x – 3 = 3 – 3
2x2 + 8x – 3 = 0
The equation becomes 2x2 + 8x – 3 = 0, which is in standard form.
In the equation 2x2 + 8x – 3 = 0, a = 2, b = 8, and c = -3.

Example 3: The equation (2x + 1)(x – 5) = -9 is also a quadratic equation but it is not

written in standard form.

We can rewrite the equation (2x + 1)(x – 5) = -9 in standard form by

multiplying the two binomials using FOIL Method and making one side of the

equation zero as shown below:

(2x + 1)(x – 5) = -9 2x2 – 10x + x – 5 = -9

2x2 – 9x – 5 = -9

2x2 – 9x – 5 + 9 = -9 + 9

2x2 – 9x + 4 = 0

The equation becomes 2x2 – 9x + 4 = 0, which is in standard form.

In the equation 2x2 – 9x + 4 = 0, a = 2, b = -9, and c = 4.

Example 4: The equation 3x2 + 7 = 0 is a quadratic equation in standard form where b = 0.

When b = 0 in the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the resulting quadratic

equation will be in the form ax2 + c = 0. In the equation 3x2 + 7 = 0, a = 3, b = 0,
and c = 7.

11
 What’s More 1

Activity 1: Quadratic or Not Quadratic?

Determine if the following equations are quadratic equation.
1. 5x2 + x – 4 = 0
2. 7x + 3 = 12
3. -3x2 + 4x – 10 = 0
4. 4a + 2 = 3a
5. 3y = 4y2
6. w2 – 9 = 0
7. c3 + 2c2 – c = 0
8. 8 + 3s = s3
9. m5 + 7m3 = 10m2
10. 4p + 5p2 = 0

Activity 2 : Illustrates Me!

Tell whether each of the following situations illustrate quadratic equation.
Justify your answer by representing each situation by a mathematical sentence.
1. A rectangular garden has a length 5 meters longer than its width and its
area is 14 m2.
2. You want to frame a collage of pictures with a 12 ft. Strip of wood. The area
of the picture is 8 ft2.
3. A ball is thrown straight up, from 3 m above the ground, with a velocity of
14 m/s.
4. A 3-hour river cruise goes 15 km upstream and then back again. The river
has a current of 2 km/hr.
5. A company is going to make frames as part of a new product they are
launching. The frame will be cut out of a piece of steel, 12 cm by 8 cm, and
to keep the weight down, the final area of the frame should be 36 cm2.

Activity 3: Write Me to My Standard!

Write each quadratic equation in standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0, then identify
the value of a, b, and c.
1. 7x – 5x2 = 4
2. 8 – 9x2 = 3x
3. (x + 2)(x + 5) = 0
4. (2x – 3)(x – 7) = 0
5. 3x(x – 1) = 10
6. (x + 5)(x – 5) = -2x

12
7. (x – 2)2 + 12 = 0
8. (x + 3)2 = 2(x + 3)
9. (2x + 1)2 = (x – 1)2
10. 3x(x + 4) = (x – 5)(x – 5)

Remember:

The standard form of the quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c + 0, where a,

b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. In the equation, ax2 is the quadratic
term, bx is the linear term, and c is the constant term.

13
 Lesson
Solving Quadratic Equations
2A by Extracting Square Root

What’s In 2

DRILL: Root Out!

Simplify the following radical expressions.

1. √36 6. √0.36

2. √25𝑎2 7. −√81

121
3. √144 8. √
289

9
4. √(𝑥 + 1)2 9. √
16

5. √9𝑥 4 10. √196

What is It

The number of solutions of an equation depends on its degree. Since the degree of a
quadratic equation is 2, then it has two solutions.

Solving a quadratic equation means finding the solution of the equation. There are different
ways to solve a quadratic equation. One of these is by extracting the square root. Qudratic equation
of the form ax2 = c like x2 = 9, c2 – 144 = 0 and (m + 2)2 = 36, can be solved using this method.

Quadratic equation that can be written in the form ax 2 = c can be solved by applying the
following properties:

1. If c > 0, then x2 = c has two real solutions or roots: x = ± √𝑐.

2. If c = 0, then x2 = 0 has one real solution or root.

3. If c < 0, then x2 = c has no real solutions or roots.

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The method of solving quadratic equation ax2 = c is called extracting square roots.

Example 1: Find the solutions of x2 = 36 by extracting square roots.

Get the square root of the terms in both sides of the equation.

x2 = 36

√𝑥 2 = √36

x = ±6

Example 2: Find the solutions of 3b2 – 243 = 0 by extracting square roots.

Rewrite the quadrativ equation 3b2 – 243 = 0 to its standard form by the
1
Addition Property of Equality. Multiply each side of the equation by applying the
3
Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE). Get the square root of the terms in both
sides of the equation.

3b2 – 243 = 0

3b2 – 243 + 243 = 0 + 243

3b2 = 243
1 1
(3b2) = (243)
3 3

b2 = 81

√𝑏 2 = √81

x = ±9

Example 3: Find the solutions of 2x2 – 5 = 45 by extracting square roots.

Rewrite the equation 2x2 – 5 = 45 to standard form by applying the

1
Addition Property of Equality. Multiply each side of the equation by applying
2

the Multiplication Property of Equality. Then get the square root of the terms in

both sides of the equation.

2x2 – 5 = 45

2x2 – 5 + 5 = 45 + 5

2x2 = 50

1 1
(2x2) = (50)
2 2

x2 = 25

15
 √𝑥 2 = √25

x = ±5

Example 4: Find the solutions of (x – 3)2 = 49 by extracting square roots.

Get the square root of the terms in both sides of the equation. Then

solve for the values of the variable.

x – 3)2 = 49

√(𝑥 − 3)2 = √49

x – 3 = ±7

x–3=7 x – 3 = -7

x–3+3=7+3 x – 3 + 3 = -7 + 3

x = 10 x = -4

What’s More 2

Activity 1: Fill Me In!

Complete the following solutions by supplying the missing terms in each
blank.
1. x2 + 7 = 32

x2 = 32 – ____

√_____ = √25
x = ____

2. 2b2 – 98 = 0

____ = 98
1 1
( ____ ) = (98)
2 2

____ = ____

√____ = √____
b = ____

16
 3. (x – 2)2 – 36 = 0

____ = 36

√(𝑥 − 2)2 = ____

x – 2 = ____

x=2±6

x = ____

x = ____

Activity 2: Pull Me Out!

Solve the following quadratic equation by extracting square root.

1. c2 = 9

2. f2 = 100

3. m2 – 144 = 0

4. x2 – 225 = 0

5. 2y2 = 32

6. 25n2 – 625 = 0

7. 3p2 – 147 = 0

8. (x – 2)2 = 144

9. (y + 5)2 = 121

10. (2t – 1)2 = 81

Activity 3: Solve Me!

Solve the following problems.

1. The floor of a square classroom is covered with 1 square-foot floor tiles.

If 144 tiles cover the floor, how long is each side of the classroom?

2. A swimming pool is twice as long as its width and its area is 128 m 2.

What is the dimensions of the swimming pool?

3. A square digital image of a painting contains 490,000 pixels. How many

pixels high is the image?

17
 Remember:

• To solve quadratic equation by extracting square roots;

1. Collect all terms with x2 and isolate them at the left side

of the equation.

2. Keep the constants to the right side of the equation.

3. Take the square roots of both sides of the equation to solve

for the variable.

4. Always put ± symbol when getting the square root of the

Constant.

Lesson
Solving Quadratic Equations
2B by Factoring

What’s In 3

DRILL: Factoring Makes Perfect!

Factor each of the following polynomials.

1. 3x2 + 6x

2. 5c2 – 20

3. 2m + 8m2

4. 6n – 18n2

5. b2 + 3b + 2

6. x2 – 5x + 6

7. x2 + 6x + 9

8. 9s2 – 30s + 25

9. 16r2 – 81

10. 9t2 – 100

18
 What is It

Another method of solving quadratic equations is by factoring. Some quadratic

equations can be easily solved by the method of factoring.

Steps in solving quadratic equations by factoring.

1. Write the quadratic equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

2. Factor the quadratic expression.

3. Apply the Zero Product Property by equating each factor to zero.

4. Solve the resulting linear equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original

equation.

Zero Product Property

If ab = 0 , then a=0 , or b=0 or both

Example 1: Find the solutions of ( x – 1 ) ( x – 5 ) = 0.

The left hand side of the equation is

(x–1)(x–5)=0
already in factored form
x–1=0 Apply the Zero Product Property
x–5=0
x–1=0 x–5=0 Solve each linear equation

x =1 x=5

The solutions are x = 1 or x = 5

Example 2: Use factoring to solve 𝑥 2 - 5x + 6 = 0.

𝑥 2 - 5x + 6 = 0
(x–3)(x–2)=0 Factor the LHS of the equation
(x–3)=0 (x–2)=0 Equate each factor to zero by applying
x -2+2=0+2 the Zero Product Property
x -3+3=0+3
x=3 x=2 Solve each equation

The solutions are x = 3 or x = 2

19
Example 3: Solve for x in 2𝑥 2 + x = 21.

2𝑥 2 + x = 21

2𝑥 2 + x − 21 = 21 − 21 Write the equation in standard form

2𝑥 2 + x − 21 = 0
( 2x + 7 ) ( x – 3 ) = 0 Factor the LHS of the equation

( 2x + 7 ) = 0 (x–3)=0 Equate each factor to zero

2x + 7 = 0 x–3=0
2x + 7 – 7 = 0 – 7 Solve each linear equation
x–3+3=0+3
2x = -7 x=3
7
x=- 7
2 The solutions are x = - or x = 3
2

Example 4: Find the solutions of (2h + 1)(h – 5) = -9.

2ℎ2 − 10ℎ + ℎ − 5 = −9
2ℎ2 - 9h – 5 = -9
2ℎ2 - 9h – 5 + 9 = -9 + 5
2ℎ2 - 9h + 4 = 0
(2h – 1)(h – 4) = 0
Get the product of the two binomials by using
FOIL method. Then simplify the equation by
applying APE to transform it into standard
form.
Factor the LHS of the equation

( 2h - 1 ) = 0 (h–4)=0 Equate each factor to zero

2h – 1 = 0 h-4 =0
Solve for the values of x in the
h=4 resulting equation
2h = 1
1
h=
2
The solutions are x = -3 or x = 5

20
 Remember:

• Steps in solving quadratic equations by factoring.

1. Write the quadratic equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

2. Factor the quadratic expression.

3. Apply the Zero Product Property by equating each factor to zero.

4. Solve the resulting linear equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original

equation.

What’s More 3

Activity 1: Factor Then Solve!

Solve the following quadratic equations by factoring.

1. 𝑥 2 + 7x = 0

2. 6𝑠2 + 18s = 0

3. 𝑡 2 + 8t + 16 = 0

4. 𝑥 2 - 10x + 25 = 0

5. ℎ2 + 6h = 16

6. 𝑥 2 - 14 = 5x

7. 11r + 15 = -2𝑟 2

8. 𝑥 2 - 25 = 0

9. 81 - 4𝑥 2 = 0

10. 4𝑠2 + 9 = 12s

21
Lesson
Solving Quadratic Equations
2C by Completing the Square

What’s In 4

Activity 1: Complete Me!

Complete each of the following quadratic equations to make them a perfect
square trinomials.

1. 𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + ______ The value of the constant c is the

square of half of the value of b : c =
2. 𝑏 2 + 4𝑏 + ______
𝑏 2
( )
3. 𝑐2 − 10𝑐 + ______ 2

4. 𝑑 2 − 24𝑑 + ______

5. 𝑒 2 + 5𝑒 + ______

Activity 2: Perfect Square Trinomial to Square of a Binomial

Express each of the following perfect square trinomials as a square of a binomial.

1. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = _______________

2. 𝑥 2 + 50𝑥 + 625 = _______________

3. 𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 100 = _______________

9
4. 𝑥 2 - 3𝑥 + = ________________
4
5 25
5. 𝑥 2 - 𝑥 + = ________________
2 16

22
 What is It

Extracting square roots and factoring are usually used to solve quadratic equations .
Anothe method of solving quadratic equations is by completing the square. This method
involves transforming the standard form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 into the form (x – h)2 = k, where k ≥
0. Concepts related to perfect square trinomials are used to slove quadratic equations by
completing the square.
Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

Step 1: Write the quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c.

Step 2: If a ≠ 1, divide each term by a.

𝑏 2
Step 3: Complete the square by adding ( ) on both sides of the equation.
2

Step 4: Express the perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial.

Step 5: Get the square root of the terms on each side of the equation.

Step 6: Solve the resulting equation to get the values of x.

Example 1: Find the solutions of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 21 = 0

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 21 = 0
Express the equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 21 + 21= 0 + 21

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 21 𝑏 2
𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 21 + 4 Add ( ) on both sides of the equation
2

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 25 Express the left side of the equation as a

square of a binomial
(𝑥 + 2)2 = 25

√(𝑥 + 2)2 = √25 Get the square root of the terms on both
sides of the equation
x + 2 = ±5

x+2=5 x + 2 = -5 Solve for the values of x

x =3 x = -7

The solutions are x = -7 or x = 3

23
Example 2: Find the solutions of 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 = 0.

𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 = 0
Express the equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 −3 + 3 = 0 + 3

𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 3
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 +
25
=3+
25 𝑏 2
4 4 Add ( ) on both sides of the equation
2
25 37
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + =
4 4

5 2 37 Express the left side of the equation as a

(𝑥 − ) = square of a binomial
2 4

Get the square root of the terms on both

5 2 37
√(𝑥 − ) = √ sides of the equation
2 4

5 √37
x- =±
2 2

5 37 5 37
𝑥 − = 𝑥 − =
2 2 2 2

5 √37 5 √37
Solve for the values of x
x = + x = -
2 2 2 2

5 + √37 5 − √37
x= x=
2 2

5 + √37 5 − √37
The solutions are x = or x =
2 2

Example 3: Find the solutions of 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0.

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 Express the equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 −2 + 2 = 0 + 2

2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 2
2 2 3 2
Divide all the terms of the equation by 2
𝑥 + 𝑥=
2 2 2
3
𝑥2 + 𝑥 = 1
2

3 9 9 𝑏 2
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + =1+ Add ( ) on both sides of the equation
2 16 16 2

3 2 25 Express the left side of the equation as a

(𝑥 + ) =
4 16 square of a binomial

24
 3 2 25 Get the square root of the terms on both
√(𝑥 + ) = √
4 16 sides of the equation

3 5
x+ =±
4 4

3 5
x=− ±
4 4
−3 ±5
x=
4

−3 + 5 −3 − 5
x= x=
4 4
Solve for the values of x
2 −8
x= x=
4 4

1 x =-2
x=
2

1
The solutions are x = or x = -2
2

What’s More 4

A. Express each of the following Perfect Square Trinomial (PST) as a Square of a

Binomial.
1. x2 + 6x + 9
2. m2 + 10m + 25
3. p2 – 16p + 64
25
4. y2 – 5y +
4
5. s2 + 14s + 49

B. Determine a number that must be added to make each of the following a perfect
square trinomial.
1. x2 + 2x + ____
2. b2 – 4b + ____
3. c2 + 20c + ____
4. y2 – 15y + ____
2
5. m2 - m + ____
3

25
C. Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations by completing the
square.
1. x2 – 10x = 11
2. y2 – 2y = -1
3. m2 + 8m + 12 = 0
4. p2 + 14p + 24 = 0
5
5. w2 + 3w - = 0
4

Remember:

• Steps in solving quadratic equations by completing the square.

Step 1: Write the quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c.
Step 2: If a ≠ 1, divide each term by a.
𝑏 2
Step 3: Complete the square by adding ( ) on both sides of the equation.
2
Step 4: Express the perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial.
Step 5: Get the square root of the terms on each side of the equation.
Step 6: Solve the resulting equation to get the values of x.

Lesson Solving Quadratic Equations

2D by Using The Quadratic
Formula

What’s In 5

Activity: Simplify each of the following expressions.

8+ √16
1.
2(5)

8− √16
2.
2(5)

−4+ √48
3.
2(3)

9 − √81− 20
4.
2(5)

−2 ± √4−4(1)(−8)
5.
2(1)

26
 What is It

Another method of solving quadratic equations is by the use of the Quadratic

Formula.The quadratic formula is often used when the quadratic equation is not factorable. But the
solutions of any quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be determined using the quadratic formula
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= , a ≠ 0. The formula can be derived by applying the method of completing the
2𝑎
square as shown below.

Derive Me!

a𝑥 2 + bx + c = 0 Express the equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 = c

a𝑥 2 + bx = -c

𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 −𝑐
+ = Divide all the terms of the equation by a
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

𝑏 −𝑐
𝑥2 + x=
𝑎 𝑎

𝑏 𝑏2 −𝑐 𝑏2 𝑏 2
𝑥2 + x + = + Add ( ) on both sides of the equation
𝑎 4𝑎2 𝑎 4𝑎2 2

𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 2 Express the left side of the equation as a

(𝑥 + ) = square of a binomial
2𝑎 4𝑎2

𝑏 2 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 Get the square root of the terms on both

√(𝑥 + ) = ± √
2𝑎 4𝑎2 sides of the equation

𝑏 √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥+ = ±
2𝑎 2𝑎
𝑏 √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 Solve for the values of x
𝑥=− ±
2𝑎 2𝑎

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= Quadratic Formula
2𝑎

27
Example 1: Solve the equation 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

Based on the given equation, a = 3, b = -2, and c = -5

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 The Quadratic Formula

𝑥=
2𝑎

−(−2) ± √(−2)2 −4(3)(−5) Substitute the values of a, b, and c

x=
2(3)

2 ± √4+60 Simplify
x=
6
2 ± √64
x=
6

2 ±8
x=
6
2+8 2 −8
x = x = Solve for the values of x
6 6
5 x = -1
x =
3

5
The solutions are x = -1 or x =
3

Example 2: Solve the equation 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 +3 = 0

Based on the given equation, a = 1, b = 7, and c = 3

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 The Quadratic Formula

𝑥=
2𝑎
−(7) ± √(7)2 −4(1)(3) Substitute the values of a, b, and c
x=
2(1)

−7 ± √49−12
x=
2

−7 ± √37 Simplify
x=
2

−7+ √37 −7− √37

x = x = Solve for the values of x
2 2

−7− √37 −7+ √37

The solutions are x = or x =
2 2

28
Example 3: Solve the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = -4

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4= 0 Express the given equation in standard form

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= The Quadratic Formula
2𝑎
−(−2) ± √(−2)2 −4(1)(4) Substitute the values of a, b, and c
x=
2(1)

2 ± √4−16 Simplify
x=
2

2 ± √−12
x=
2

2 ± √(−4)(3)
x=
2

2 ±2𝑖√3
x=
2

2+ 2𝑖 √3 2+ 2𝑖 √3
x = x = Solve for the values of x
2 2

x = 1 + 𝑖√3 x = 1 ─ 𝑖√3

The solutions are x = 1 ─ 𝑖√3 or x = 1 + 𝑖√3

Remember:

• Steps in solving quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula.

Step 1: Write the quadratic equation in standard form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + c = 0.

Step 2: Identify the values of a, b, and c.
Step 3: Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the Quadratic Formula.
Step 4: Simplify the equation then solve for the values of x.

29
 What’s More 5

Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations using the Quadratic
F ormula.
1. x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
2. 2x + 5 = 6x2
3. -5x2 – 6x – 4 = 0
4. 3x2 – x + 2 = 0
5. 8x2 + 5x – 3 = 0
6. 3x2 = 4x – 1
7. 9x2 – 72 = 0
8. 2x2 + 4x = 3
9. x(x + 2) = 10
10. 2(x + 3)(x + 4) = 8

What I Have Learned

A quadratic equation is a second degree equation in which the highest

exponent of the variable is 2.
The standard form of the quadratic equation is ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where
a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the quadratic term is ax2, the
linear term is bx, and the constant term is c.
The four methods of solving quadratic equations are extracting square
roots, factoring, completing the square, and by using the quadratic
formula.

30
 What I Can Do

A Gift Box for You

Design a personalized gift box for your friend. Ask your friend for its details or
specifications like one side should be twice as long as the other side.
1. Find the area of the box board to be used.
2. Formulate a quadratic equation to model the area of the gift box.
3. Determine its possible dimensions by solving the quadratic equation using any
of the four methods of solving quadratic equations.
4. Make a sketch plan of the gift box with its corresponding measurements.
5. Create the box and decorate it.

Rubrics
4 3 2 1
The sketch plan is The sketch plan is The sketch plan is The sketch plan is
accurately made, accurately made not accurately made made but not
presentable and and appropriate. but appropriate. appropriate.
appropriate.
Quadratic equation Quadratic equation Quadratic equation Quadratic equation
is accurately is accurately is accurately is accurately
formulated and formulated but not formulated but not formulated but not
solved correctly. solved completely. solved correctly. solved.

Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a polynomial equation of degree two that can be written in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
a. Linear Equation c. Quadratic Equation
b. Linear Inequality d. Quadratic Inequality

2. What is the degree of a quadratic equation?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

3. Which of the following is a quadratic equation in standard form?

a. 3x2 + 4x – 5 b. 3r – 7 = 9 c. 5x2 – x ≥ 12 d. s2 + 5s – 3 = 0

31
4. Which of the following is a quadratic equation in standard form?
a. x2 – 5x = 4 b. 3x2 = 27 c. 2x2 + 5x – 11 = 0 d. 4x – 5 = 2x

5. In the quadratic equation x2 + 3x – 15 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c respectively?

a. 1, 3, -15 b. 1, -3, 15 c. -1, 3, -15 d. -1, -3, -15

6. In the quadratic equation 4x2 + 2x – 3 = 0, which is the linear term?

a. x2 b. 2x c. -3 d. 4x2

1
7. Which of the following is the standard form of the equation x – 2 = x2 ?
3
1 2 1 2
a. 3x2 – x + 2 = 0 b. x –x–6=0 c. x –x–2=0 d. 3x2 – x + 6 = 0
3 3

8. Solve for x in the quadratic equation x2 – 36 = 0.

a. 6 b. -6 c. ±6 d. ±36

9. Find the solutions of the quadratic equation x(x – 3) = 0.

a. x=-3 b. x = 0 c. x=0 or x=3 d. x=0 or x=-3
10. Which of the following is a solution to (4x + 1)(x – 5) = 0?
1
a. b. 5 c. -5 d. -1
4

11. Solve for x in the quadratic equation x2 + 7x – 8 = 0.

a. x=1 or x=8 b. x=-1 or x=-8 c. x=-8 or x=1 d. x=8 or x=-1

12. What should be added to x2 – 6x = 4 in order to find the solution by completing the square?
a. -6 b. 4 c. 6 d. 9

13. What is the best method to solve the quadratic equation 2x2 – 9x + 14 = 0?
a. Extracting square root c. Completing the Square
b. Factoring d. Quadratic Formula

14. Which of the following is the quadratic formula?

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 +4𝑎𝑐 𝑏±√𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐
𝑎. 𝑥 = b. 𝑥 = c. 𝑥 = d. 𝑥 =
2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
15. Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions of x2 – 2x – 1 = 0?
a. x = 1 ± √2 b. x = -1 ± √2 c. x = 1 + 𝑖√2 d. x = -1 ± 𝑖√2

32
 Additional Activities

Solve the following problems.

A. The length of a pasalubong box is 5 cm longer than its width. Determine the length
of the sides of the pasalubong box with a volume of 7500 cm 3 and a height of 10 cm.
1. Express the length and width of the balikbayan box in terms of x.
2. Write an equation for the volume of the box.
3. Use your knowledge in solving quadratic equations by factoring in finding the
dimensions of the box.
B. Two resistors are in parallel connection. The total resistance has been measured at 3
ohms, and one of the resistors is known to be 8 ohms more than the other resistor.
1. Formulate an equation for the total resistance.
2. Find the resistance of the two resistors.

R1

R2

33
 34
What’s In 3 What’s More 2
1. 3x(x + 2) Activity 1 What’s In 2
2. 5(c2 – 4) 1. 7; x2; ±5
3. 2m(1 + 4m) 2. 2b2; 2b2; b2; 49; b2; 49; ±7
4. 6n(1 – 3n) 3. (x – 2)2; √36; ±6; 8; -4 1. 6
5. (b + 2)(b + 1) Activity 2 2. 5a
6. (x – 3) (x – 2) 1. ± 3 6. ± 5 3. 12
4. x+1
7. (x + 3)2 2. ± 10 7. ± 7
5. 3x2
8. (3s – 5)2 3. ± 12 8. -10, 14 6. 0.6
9. (4r + 9)(4r – 9) 4. ±15 9. -16, 6 7. -9
5. ±4 10. -4, 5 11
10. (3t + 10)(3t – 10) 8.
17
Activity 3 3
9.
4
1. 12 ft 10. 14
2. 8m by 16 m
3. 700 pixels
What”s More 1
Activity 1
Whatt’s In 1
1. Yes 6. Yes A. What I Know
2. No 7. No 1. 2x2 + 10
3. Yes 8. No 1. c
4. No 9. No 2. 3m2 – 6m 2. b
5. Yes 10. Yes 3. x2 + 3x – 10 3. d
Activity 2 4. c2 + 3c – 28
1. Yes, x2 + 5x – 14 = 0 4. c
5. 2g2 – g – 3 5. a
2. Yes, x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
3. Yes, 4.9t2-14t-3=0 6. x2 + 6x + 9 6. d
4. Yes, 3x2-30x-12=0 7. 4n2 – 36n + 81 7. d
5. Yes, x2 –10x+15 = 0 8. y2 + 10y + 25
Activity 3 8. c
1.5x2–7x+4=0, a=5;b=7;c=4
9. 9d2 – 4 9. c
2.9x2+3x–8=0, a=9;b=3;c=-8 10.16 – 9x2 10.b
3.x2+7x+10=0, a=1;b=7;c=10 B.
4.2x2–17x+21=0, a=2;b=17;c=21
11.c
5. 3x2–3x–10=0, a=3;b=-3;c=-10
1. Not 6. Linear 12.b
6. x2+2x–25=0, a=1;b=2;c=-25 2. Linear 7. Not 13.a
7. x2–4x+16=0, a=1;b=-4;c=16 3. Linear 8. Linear 14.b
8. x2+4x+3=0, a=1;b=4;c=3
9. 3x2 + 6x = 0, a=3;b=6;c=0
4. Not 9. Not 15.d
10. 2x2+22x-25=0, a=2;b=22;c=-25 5. Linear 10. Not
Answer Key
 35
Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Material, First Edition (2014), pp. 11-47
24
Reyes, A.,(2020), Math Aces, Textbook for Grade 9,Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc., pp. 2-
House Inc., pp. 2-15
Orines, F. B., et. al., (2013) , Next Century Mathematics ,Textbook for Grade 9, Phoenix Publishing
References:
Assessment What’s More 5 What’s In 5
1. c 5
11.
6
2. c 2
1. -1 ± √2 12.
3. d 5
1 ± √31 −2 ± 2√3
4. c 2. 13.
6 3
5. a −3 ± 𝑖√11 9 − √61
3. 14.
5 10
6. b 1 ± 𝑖√23
4. 15. -4 and 2
7. d 6 Additional Activities
3
8. c 5. -1 ,
8
9. c 1 A.
6. , 1
10. b 3 1. Let x = width
11. c 7. ±2√2 X + 5 = length
−2 ± √10 2. x2 + 5x – 750 = 0
12. d 8.
2
13. d 3. 30 cm x 25 cm x 10 cm
9. -1 ± √11
14. a B.
−7± √17
15. a 10. 1. R12 + 2R1 – 24 = 0
2
2. 4 ohms and 12 ohms
What’s More 4 What’s In 4 What’s More 3
A.
1. (x + 3)2
Activity 1
2. (m + 5)2 1. 1 1. x = 0 or x = -7
3. (p – 8)2 2. s = 0 or s = -3
5 2
2. 4
4. (𝑦 − ) 2 3. 25 3. t = -4 or t = -4
5. (s + 7)2 4. x = 5 or x = 5
B.
4. 144
25 5. h = -8 or h = 2
1. 1 5.
2. 4 4 6. x = -2 or x = 7
3. 100 5
225
7. r = - or r = -3
4. 4 Activity 2 2
1
8. x = -5 or x = 5
5. 9
1. (x – 3)2 9 9
C.
9. x = - or x =
2. (x + 25)2 2 2
1. -1 and 11 3 3
3. (x – 10)2 10. s = or s =
2. 1 and 1 2 2
−1 ±𝑖√47 3 2
3. 2 4. (𝑥 − )
4. -2 and -12 2
−3 ± √14 5 2
5. 2 5. (𝑥 − )
4
36