11

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Conic Sections and System of

Nonlinear Equation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Conic Sections

and System of Nonlinear Equations.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Conic Sections

and System of Nonlinear Equations.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If
you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Conic Sections and System of Nonlinear Equations. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The module is composed of one lesson.

Lesson 1 - Equation of a Circle

The lesson is presented into two outlines, namely:

• Derivation of Standard Equation
• Transformation of general equation to standard form

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine the standard equation of a circle satisfying the given conditions; and
a. center and radius
b. center and a point
c. endpoints of diameter
d. center and tangent line
2. transform the general equation of a circle into its standard form.

5
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The standard equation of a circle with center (h , k) and radius, r is _______

A. (𝑥 − ℎ) 2+ (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟2
B. (𝑥 + ℎ) 2− (𝑦 + 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟2
C. (𝑥 + ℎ) 2+ (𝑦 − 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2
D. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2

2. What is the standard equation of a circle whose center at the origin and radius
of 7.
A. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 7
B. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49
C. (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 7
D. (𝑥 + 7)2 − (𝑦 + 7)2 = 49

3. A circle has its center at (-1, 5) and radius of 2. What is its standard equation?
A. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 2
B. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 2
C. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 4
D. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4

Consider the statement below to answer number 4 to 5.

A circle has its center at ( 2, -5) and passes through the point (3,4).

4. Which equation used to solve its radius?

A. 𝑟 = √(2 + 3) 2 + (−5 + 4)2
B. 𝑟 = √(2 − 3) 2 + (−5 − 4) 2
C. 𝑟 = (2 − 3)2 + (−5 − 4)2
D. 𝑟 = (2 + 3)2 + (−5 + 4)2

5. What is its standard equation?

A. (𝑥 + 3) 2 + (𝑦 + 4) 2 = 10
2 2
B. (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 5) = 10
2 2
C. (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 + 5) = 82
D. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 82

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 Consider the statement below to answer number 6 to 8.

A circle having (10, 2) and (6,-4) as the end points of its diameter.

6. What is the center of the said circle?

A. ( 8, −1 )
B. ( 2, 3 )
C. ( -2, −3 )
D. ( -8, 1 )

7. What is the radius of the said circle?

A. 13
B. √13
C. 1
D. 3

8. What is the standard equation of the said circle?

A. (𝑥 − 10)2 − (𝑦 − 2)2 = √13

B. (𝑥 − 16)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 1

C. (𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 13

D. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 3

9. Find the standard equation of the circle with center at (-2, -5) and tangent to
line y = 1.

A. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 25

B. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 4

C. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 9

D. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 36

10. A circle has center at (-1, 7) and tangent y-axis. What is its standard equation?
A. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 1

B. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑦 + 7)2 = 49

C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 49

D. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑦 + 7)2 = 1

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 Consider the statement below to answer number 11 to 12.

A circle has its center at (-1,7) and tangent to the line 3x -4y + 6=0.

11. What is its radius?

A. 25
B. 5
C. 1
D. √5

12. What is its standard equation?

A. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 25

B. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 7)2 = 5

C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 1

D. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑦 + 7)2 = √5

Consider the statement below to answer 13-15.

The general equation a circle is 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 10𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3 = 0.

13. Which operating equation is NOT included in the solution of reducing the given
equation into its standard form?

A. 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 = −3
3
B. (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) + (𝑦 2 − 𝑦) = −
5

1 3
C. (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + ) = −
4 5

1 13
D. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − ) 2 =
4 20

14. What is the radius of this circle?

65
A.
4

13
B.
4

13
C. √
20

20
D. √
65

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15. What is its equivalent equation in standard form?
1 20
A. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − )2 =
4 65

1 13
B. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − )2 =
4 20

1 13
C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − )2 =
4 4

1 65
D. (𝑥 + 1)2 + 5(𝑦 − )2 =
4 20

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 Lesson

3 Circles

This lesson will help you acquaint on the terms which are closely associated
with circles and will be exposed on its properties.

What’s In

Activity 3.1: Figure Me Out

Use compass to sketch the graph of the following circles.

a. Circle with center ( 3,6 ) and radius=2

b. Circle with center ( -8, -1) and tangent to line y = 2

c. Circle with center ( -3, 7) and tangent to y -axis

d. Circle having (4, 0) and (-2, -4) as end points of its diameter.

e. Circle A with radius of 1 and Circle B with radius of 2 both concentric at ( 8,5).

Activity 3.2: Remember Me

Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Distance between Two Points

A. 𝐷 = √( 𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 + 𝑦)2 B. 𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦)2

2. Distance between a Point and a Line

2
A. 𝐷= |𝐴𝑥 +𝐵𝑥+𝑐|
2 2 B. 𝐷 = ( 𝑦2 −𝑦1 )x + b
√𝐴 +𝐴 𝑥2 −𝑥 1

3. Coordinates of the Midpoint

𝑥 2 −𝑥 1 𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑥 2 +𝑥 1 𝑦2 +𝑦1
A. ( , ) B. e. ( , ),
2 2 2 2

4. Area of a circle

A. A= 𝜋𝑟2 B. A= 2 𝜋𝑟

5. Third Term in a Perfect Square Trinomial, (𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + _____)

1 2
A. √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 B. ( 𝑏)
2

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 What’s New

3.3: Exploration

A seismological station is located at (0,−3), 3 km away from a straight

shore line where the x-axis runs through. The epicenter of an earthquake was
determined to be 6 km away from the station.

(a) Illustrate the location of the seismological station using the coordinate
plane.

(b) Determine the radius of the curve that contains the possible location of
the epicenter.

(c) Find the standard equation of the curve that contains the possible location
of the epicenter.

(d) If furthermore, the epicenter was determined to be 2 km away from the

shore, find its possible coordinates (rounded o↵ to two decimal places).

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 What is It

Definition:

A circle is the locus of a point that moves at a constant distance from a

fixed point.

The fixed point is called center of the circle, while the constant distance of
any point from a circle is known as the radius.

Derivation of the Standard Equation of the Circle

Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2

See Figure 3.1, with the point C(3, 1) shown. From the figure, the
distance of A(− 2, 1) from C is AC = 5. By the distance formula, the distance of
B(6, 5) from C is BC = √ (6 − 3)2 + (5 − 1)2 = 5. There are other points P such
that PC = 5. The collection of all such points which are 5 units away from C,
forms a circle.
Let P(x,y) be any point on the circle, C (h,k) the center and r the radius
(figure 3.1).

The length of a segment from the center C to a point P on the circle

represents the radius, r. A point P(x, y) is on the circle if and only if PC = r.
For any such point then,
its coordinates should satisfy the following.
PC = r
√(x − h) 2 + (y − k)2 = 𝑟 (Applying the distance Formula)
2
(√(x − h) 2 + (y − k)2 ) = (𝑟)2 (Squaring both sides)
(x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = 𝑟 2 (Standard Equation of the Circle with center
C (h,k) and radius,r )

If the center of the circle is on the origin, then h=0 and k=0. The
standard equation is then 𝑥 2 +𝑦2 = 𝑟2 .

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Exercises 3.1: In each item, determine the standard equation of the circle
satisfying the given conditions.

1. center at the origin, radius 4

Ans: C (0,0) , r =4
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − ℎ)2 = 𝑟2

(𝑥 − 0)2 + (𝑦 − 0)2 = 42
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

2. center (−4, 3), radius √𝟕

Ans:

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − ℎ)2 = 𝑟2
2
2 2
(𝑥 − (−4)) + (𝑦 − 3) = (√7)
(𝒙 + 𝟕)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟕

2. circle A in Figure 3.3

Figure 3.3

Ans: C(-2,-1, r = 4
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − ℎ)2 = 𝑟 2
2 2 2
(𝑥 − (−2)) + (𝑦 − (−1)) = (4)
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔

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4. circle B in Figure 3.3
Ans: C(3,2), r = 3

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − ℎ)2 = 𝑟2
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = (3)2
(𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟗

5. center (-1,-2) and passes through P( 5, 2)

Ans: C (-1,-2), P (5,2)

2 2
r=CP=√(𝑥𝑐 − 𝑥𝑝 ) + (𝑦𝑐 − 𝑦𝑝 )

=√(−1 − 5) 2 + (−2 − 2)2

= √(−6) 2 + (−4) 2

r = √52 Tips:
A circle with center C (h, k)
𝑟 2 = 52 and tangent to
a. x- axis, the radius, r = /k/.
(𝑥 − (−1))2 + (𝑦 − (−2)2 = 52
b. y- axis, the radius, r = /h/.
(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐 c. line y = b, r = /b – k/.
d. line x = a, r = /a – h/.
6. center (5,−6), tangent to y-axis
The coordinates of the
Ans: C (5,−6), x = 0 ( y- axis) midpoint (𝑋𝑚 , 𝑦𝑚 ) between two
points (𝑋1, 𝑋1 ) and (𝑋2, 𝑋2 )can be
The center is 5 units away from the y-axis, determined using the formula:
so the radius r is 5. 𝑋1, + 𝑋2 𝑦+ 𝑦2
𝑋𝑚 = , 𝑦𝑚 =
r = /h/ = /5/ = 5 2 2
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 52
A circle with center (h,k) and
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 tangent to a line, Ax+B+ C= 0, the
radius,r can be computed using the
7. center (5,−6), tangent to the x-axis distance formula between a point
and a line:
Ans: C(5,−6), y = 0 ( x- axis)

The center is 6 units away from the x-axis, r= d = /𝐴𝑥+𝑦+𝐶/

2 2
±√𝐴 +𝐵
so the radius, r is 6.
r = /k/ = /-6/ = 6
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 6 2
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔

8. center (5,−6), tangent to line y = -3 Ans:

r = /b-k/ = /-3 – (-6)/ = /-3 +6/ =/3/ = 3
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 32
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟗

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9. center (5,−6), tangent to line x = -7
Ans: r = /c-h/ = /-7 – 5/ = /-12/ =12
(𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = (12)2
(𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
10. It has a diameter with endpoints A(−1, 4)
and B (4, 2).
Ans:
The center C is the midpoint of A and B: C (Xm, Ym)
Using Formula for the coordinates of the Midpoint,
Xm = −1+4 = 3 Ym = 4+2 = 6 = 3
2 2 2 2
3
Center C ( , 3)
2
Using the distance formula between two points,
r = AC = √(𝑥𝐴 − 𝑥𝑐 )2 + (𝑦𝐴 − 𝑦𝑐)2
2
= √(−1 − 3 ) + (4 − 3) 2
2
= √( − 5 ) 2 + (1) 2
2

= √ 25 + 1
4

r = √ 29
4
2
29
𝑟2 = (√ )
4
29
𝑟2 = Figure 3.4
4
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐𝟗
(𝒙 − ) + (𝒚 − 𝟑) 𝟐 =
𝟐 𝟒

Expanding the standard equation of circle will give its general equation.
The general equation of a circle is expressed as Ax2 + Ay2 + Cx +Dy – E = 0.

Exercises 3.2: Transform the given general equation of a circle into its
standard form.
1: Determine the standard equation of the given general equation of the
circle.
16x2 + 16y2 + 96x − 40y – 315 = 0
Solution:
16𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 2 + 96𝑥 − 40𝑦 − 315 = 0
Since A ≠ 1, divide both terms by A, A = 16
16 𝑥 2 + 16 𝑦 2 + 96𝑥 − 40𝑦 − 315 0
=
16 16 16 16 16 16

5 315
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 𝑦 − =0
2 16

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Group the like terms on the left side of the equation and transpose constant
term on its right.
5 315
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 =
2 16

Complete square in x and y by adding square of the half of their linear terms
5 315 Note:
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + ( ) + 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + ( ) = +()+() What must be added
2 16
on the left side of the equation
2 2
2
𝑥 2 + 𝟔𝑥 + ( 𝟏 𝟔) + 𝑦 2 − 𝟓 𝑦 + ( 𝟏(− 𝟓)) = 315 + ( 𝟏 𝟔) 2+( 𝟏(− 𝟓)) should also be added on
2 𝟐 2 𝟐 16 2 2 𝟐 its right to maintain
its equality.
Factor the resulting perfect square trinomials on the left of the equation and
simplify the right side
2
(𝑥 + 𝟑)2 + (𝑦 − 𝟓) = 315
+9+
35
𝟐 16 16
2 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
(𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑦 − ) =
𝟓 121
𝑜𝑟 ( ) (standard equation)
𝟐 4 𝟐

𝟓 𝟏𝟏
C (-3, ) r=
𝟐 𝟐

2: The equation of the circle is expressed as 𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚 𝟐 − 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟒𝟔.

Reduced its equation into its standard form and sketch its graph.
Solution
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 5 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 46 (Since A=1, no need to divide both terms by A.)
𝑥 2 − 5 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 = 46
𝑥 2 − 5 𝑥 + ( ) + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + ( ) = 46 + ( ) + ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
𝑥2 2
− 𝟓 𝑥 + ( (−𝟓)) + 𝑦 + 𝟒𝑦 + ( (𝟒)) = 46 + ( (−𝟓)) + ( (𝟒))
2 2 2 2
−5 2 25 )
𝑥2 − 𝟓 𝑥 + ( 𝑦 +2 4𝑦 + 𝟐 =2 46 + +4
2 4
(𝑥 − 𝟓) 2 + (𝑥 + 𝟐 ) 2 = 225 15 2
𝑜𝑟 ( ) Graph:
𝟐 4 2
𝟓 𝟏𝟓
Center: (− , 𝟐) radius, r =
𝟐 𝟐

Figure 3.5

3: Circle A is concentric with Circle B having an equation of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 −

𝟖 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎. Its area is 4 times the area of Circle B. Find the
standard equation of circle A.

Solution:

16
Note: Two circles are said to be concentric if they have the same center.
Center of Circle A = Center Circle of circle B
Area of circle= 𝜋𝑟2
Area of circle A= 4 times Area of Circle B
Transform the equation of Circle B into its standard form to determine its
center and its radius.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8 𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 16 = 0
𝑥 2 − 8 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 = −16
𝑥 2 − 8 𝑥 + ( ) + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + ( ) = −16 + ( ) + ( )
−8 2 −10 2 −8 2 −10 2
𝑥2 − 8 𝑥 + ( ) + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + ( ) = −16 + ( ) +( )
2 2 2 2
𝑥 2 − 8 𝑥 + (−4)2 + 𝑦2 − 10𝑦 + (−5 )2 = −16 + (−4)2 + (−5)2
(𝑥 − (−4))2 + (𝑥 − (−5) )2 = -16 + 16+ 25
(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑥 + 5 )2 = 25
Circle B: C( 4, 5), 𝑟2 = 25, r = 5 , A= 25 𝜋
Circle A: C( 4,5), A = 4(25 𝜋)= 100 𝜋, r = 10
Standard Equation: (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑥 + 5 )2 = 100
2
Note: To apply completing the square in 𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑐, add (1 (𝒃)) to both
2
sides of the equation.

17
 What’s More

Activity 3.4: Find the standard equation of the circle which satisfies the
given conditions.

1. center at origin, radius = 2√2

2. center at (15, -20), radius = 9
3. center at (5,6),passing through P(9,4)
4. a diameter with end points ( -9,2) and (15,12)
5. center at (-2,3), tangent to x- axis
6. center at (-2,3), tangent to y- axis
7. center at (-2,3), tangent to line x = -10
8. center at (-2,3), tangent to y= 5
9. center at (-2,3), tangent to line 3x- 4y +6 =0
10. center at (1,-1) and twice the area of the circle, (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 7

11. concentric with (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 7, radius = 2

B. Reduce the given general equation of a circle to standard form.
12. 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6 = 0 5𝑥
13. + 25𝑦 + 10𝑥
2
+ 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 𝑥
14. +2 𝑦 −22𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 8 = 0
15. A circle with radius r = 7 and concentric with 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 5 = 0

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 3.5: Fill in the blanks

1. A _________and a ___________ are needed to determine the standard
equation of a circle.
2. The _____________between the end points of the diameter of the circle is its
center.
3. A _________________ is the formula used to determine the radius of the circle
given the center and a point on a circle.
4. A _________________ is the formula used to determine the radius of the circle
given the center and the tangent line.
5. __________________ is the main concept used in transforming general
equation of the circle into its standard form.

Activity 3.6: Explain briefly.

1. How to find the standard equation of the circle given the end
points of its diameter.
2. How to transform the general equation of the circle to its
standard form.

What I Can Do

Activity 3.7: Try This

1. Find the equation of a circle with center at (-1,-3) passing through the
intersection point of the two lines: 4x+y-4=0 and x-y -6 = 0.
(Hint: Solve system of linear equations to find the intersection point
between two lines)

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2. Find the equation of a circle passing through (-3, 6), (-5, 2), and (3,-6)
(Hint: Generate three (3) equations using distance formula between the
center (h,k) and a point on the circle then solve the system of
linear equations.)

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The standard equation of a circle with center (h , k) and radius, r is _______

A. (𝑥 − ℎ) 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟2
B. (𝑥 + ℎ) 2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘 )2 = 𝑟2
C. (𝑥 + ℎ) 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2
D. (𝑥 − ℎ)2 − (𝑦 + 𝑘) 2 = 𝑟2

2. What is the standard equation of a circle whose center at the origin and radius
of √7.
A. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 7
B. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49
C. (𝑥 − 7)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 7
D. (𝑥 + 7)2 − (𝑦 + 7)2 = 49

3. A circle has its center at (-1, 5) and radius of 2. What is its standard equation?
A. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 2
B. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 2
C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 5)2 = 4
D. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + 5)2 = 4

Consider the statement below to answer number 4 to 5.

A circle has its center at ( 2, 5) and passes through the point (-3,-4).

4. Which equation used to solve its radius?

A. 𝑟 = √(2 + 3) 2 + (5 + 4)2
B. 𝑟 = √(2 − 3) 2 + (5 − 4) 2
C. 𝑟 = (2 − 3)2 + (5 − 4)2
D. 𝑟 = (2 + 3)2 + (5 + 4)2

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 5. What is its standard equation?
A. (𝑥 + 3)2 + (𝑥 + 4)2 = 82
B. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑥 + 4)2 = 106
C. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 5)2 = 106
D. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑥 + 5)2 = 82

Consider the statement below to answer number 6 to 8.

A circle having (3, 0) and (-2,-4) as the end points of its diameter.

6. What is the center of the said circle?

1
A. (− , 2 )
2
1
B. ( -2, )
2
1
C. ( , −2 )
2
1
D. ( -, −2 )
2

7. What is the radius of the said circle?

41
A.
4
√41
B.
2
41
C. √
2

D. √ 1
2

8. What is the standard equation of the said circle?

1
A. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 =
2

B. (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦)2 = √41

2

1 2 41
C. (𝑥 − ) + (𝑥 + 2) 2 =
2 4

D. (𝑥 − 1) 2 + (𝑥 − 2) 2 = √ 41
2 2

9. Find the standard equation of the circle with center at (-2, -5) and tangent to
line x = 1.

A. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 5)2 = 25

B. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑥 + 5)2 = 36

C. (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑥 − 5)2 = 4

D. (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑥 + 5)2 = 9

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 10. A circle has center at (-1, 7) and tangent x-axis. What is its standard equation?
A. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑥 − 7)2 = 1

B. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑥 + 7)2 = 49

C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑥 − 7)2 = 49

D. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑥 + 7)2 = 1

Consider the statement below to answer number 11 to 12.

A circle has its center at (1,-7) and tangent to the line 3x -4y + 4=0.

11. What is its radius?

A. 7
B. 5
C. 1
D. √7

12. What is its standard equation?

A. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑥 − 7)2 = 5

B. (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑥 + 7)2 = 7

C. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑥 − 7)2 = 49

D. (𝑥 − 1)2 − (𝑥 + 7)2 = √7

Consider the statement below to answer 13-15.

The general equation a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0.

13. Which operating equation is NOT included in the solution of reducing the given
equation into its standard form?

A. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 = 0

B. 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 = 4

C. (𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16) + (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) = −4 + 16 + 4

D. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16

14. What is the radius of this circle?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 16

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15. What is its equivalent equation in standard form?

A. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 16

B. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 8

C. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 4

D. (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 2

Additional Activities

Solve the given problem.

1. An archeologist found the remains of an ancient wheel, which she

then placed on a grid. If an arc of the wheel passes through A(−7, 0), B(− 3, 4)
and C(7, 0), locate the center of the wheel, and the standard equation of the
circle defining its boundary.

2. Find the intersection point of the given two circles

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 10 and 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 5 .

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References

1. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

(2016). General Mathematics Learner’s Material . Lexicon Press Inc.,
Philippines
2. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
(2016). General Mathematics Teacher’s Guide . Lexicon Press Inc., Philippines

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