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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Measures of Variability
Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 6: Measures of Variability
First Edition, 2020

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 7

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 6:
Measures of Variability
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master measures of variability for ungrouped and grouped data. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance,

standard deviation) of a statistical data.
2. illustrate the measures of variability (range, average deviation, variance,
standard deviation) of a statistical data. (M7SP-IVh-1)
3. calculate the measures of variability of grouped and ungrouped data.
(M7SP-IVh-i-1)

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 What I Know

Always bear in mind that there is no harm in trying. In answering this part of the
module, we will just look at the prior knowledge you have for the topic that we will
be dealing with later.

A. Match the definition in Column A to its corresponding Term in Column B

B.
Column A Choos
Column B
1. This pertains to how the set of the e the
data is spread out. letter
A. Standard Deviation
2. It is the simplest measure of of the
B. Measures of Variability
variability. corre
C. Average Deviation
3. It can be defined as how close the ct
D. Variance
data in the set are to the middle of answe
E. Range
the distribution. r.
4. This refers to the square of the For
variance. numb
5. It is the same as standard er 6
deviation but less frequent used. and 7;
Given:
5, 7, 6,4, and 2.
6. What is the range?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 5
7. What is the Average Deviation?
a. 1.52 b. 1.34 c. 1.44 d. 1
8. Upper-Class Boundary of the Highest Interval minus the Lower-Class Boundary
of the Lowest Interval is formula in computing for the __________.
a. Range b. Average Deviation c. Variance d. Standard Deviation
9. Square root of the variance is the formula in finding the ___________.
a. Range b. Average Deviation c. Variance d. Standard Deviation
10. Taking the absolute mean deviation is needed in finding the _________.
a. Range b. Average Deviation c. Variance d. Standard Deviation

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Lesson
Statistics: Measures of
1 Variability
Welcome! For today you are going to learn another significant topic in Statistics.

Statistics is a branch of Mathematics which deals the process of collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting data. Dealing with data in the process of Statistics includes understanding
of how to describe the data and what do these descriptions entail.

What’s In

In this activity, you will recall ideas and knowledge that you already have which
you can use as a guide in discovering and learning our lesson for this day.

Are you familiar with the portion in Eat Bulaga, “Bawal Judgemental”?

For this activity, the right answer will be given, and your task is to determine the
right question.

Are you now ready? Come on! Let us start. Your Choices!
1. Given: 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 Answer: 15
Square Mean
2. Given: 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 Answer: 3

3. Given: 9 Answer: 3 Summation Class Mark

4. Given: 9 Answer: 81
Square Root
5. Given: 9 - 11 Answer: 10

Notes to the Teacher

This module prepares the students to learn what are and how to
compute the measure of variability which may help the learners to
in interpreting data in a set.

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 What’s New

In this part of the module, you must look at the pictures below and on the
latter part, you must answer two simple questions.

Are you ready? Come on! Let us continue.

PlantitoPlantita Gardens

What can you say about the way plants are plotted in Plantito Garden?

How about on Plantita Garden?

PLANTITO PLANTITA
GARDEN 4
GARDEN
 What is It

In statistics, data can also be spread differently. It can be densely packed or

more spread out. When we talked about how spread out the group of score is, we
are pertaining to “Variability.”

There are four (4) Measures of Variability.

1. Range- it is considered as the simplest measure of variability to calculate. The

range is simply the difference between the highest score and the lowest score.

2. Mean/Average Deviation – concerned with distance of the individual scores

from the mean.
3. Variance- Using the mean as the measure of the middle of the distribution, the
variance is defined as the average squared difference of the scores from the mean.

4. Standard Deviation- the standard deviation is useful measure of variability

when the distribution is normal or approximately normal for the proportion of the
distribution within a given number of standard deviations from the mean can be
calculated. Standard deviation is simply the square root of the variance.
Now, after having the description for each measure of variability, please look and
study well how to compute each measure of variability for ungrouped and grouped
data.
Measures of Variability for Ungrouped Data

1. Range
Formula: Highest Score (HS) – Lowest Score (LS)
Example: What is the range of the set; 2, 5,7, 3, 6?
Range= HS – LS
= 7-2

Range = 5

2. Average Deviation
Formula: Average Deviation =

Where: x = the score/data

= mean
n = total number of observations/data/scores
Example: Calculate the average deviation for the given data: 2, 4, 6, 8

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Step 1: Find the mean by using the formula.

x =
x =

=5

Step 2: Find the absolute difference between each score and the mean.

Step 3: Add of each absolute difference to find

Step 4: Divide the sum by the total number of observation (n).

Average Deviation =

Average Deviation=

Average Deviation=

Average Deviation= 2

3. Variance

Formula: σ2 =
Where:
X = Class Mark
x
= class mean
n = total number of observations/data/scores
Example: Determine the variance of the given set of data; 48,40,45,43.

Step 1: Find the mean.

Step 2: Find the difference between each score and the mean.

Step 3: Square each difference and find its sum.

Step 4: Divide the sum of the squared difference by the total number of
observation (n).

Solution:

Mean=

Mean = 44

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 STEP 2 STEP 3

Scores Mean (x- ) (x- )2

48 44 4 16
45 44 1 1
43 44 -1 1
40 44 -3 9

σ2 =

σ2 =
STEP 4

σ2 = 6.75

4. Standard Deviation

Formula: σ =
Example: Determine the standard deviation of the given set of data; 48,40,45,43
(same as the given in number 3. variance)

σ=
σ = 2.60

Measures of Variability for Grouped Data

Find the range, average deviation, variance, and standard deviation of the given
data below.
Score of Students in 7-Wisdom in a Long Test in Science

Class Interval Frequency (f)

21-24 10
17-20 12
13-16 20
9-12 13
5-8 5
N= 60

1. Range:
Find the Range of the given grouped data.

Formula: Upper Class Boundary of the Highest Interval (UCB) - the Lower Class
Boundary of the Lowest Interval (LCB)

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Solution:

Class Interval Class Boundary

21-24 20.5-24.5 Upper Class Boundary
17-20 16.5-20.5
13-16 12.5-16.5
9-12 8.5-12.5 Range= UCB – LCB
5-8 4.5-8.5 =24.5 – 4.5
Range= 20
Lower Class Boundary

2. Mean/Average Deviation
Formula: Average Deviation =

xWhere: f = class frequency

X = Class Mark
= class mean
∑f = total number of frequencies

Step 1: Find the mean by using the formula.

Step 2: Solve the absolute difference between each score and the mean.
Step 3: Multiply the frequency and absolute difference between each score and the
mean.
Step 4: Then, find summation of the product.
Step 5: Divide the product by total number of observation (n).
Please be guided with the provided table in solving for the average deviation.

Solution:
STEP 2 STEP 3

Class Frequency (f) Class Mark fx |x - | F |x - |

Interval (x)
21-24 10 22.5 225 22.5 -15.1= 74.5
7.4
17-20 12 18.5 222 3.4 40.8
13-16 20 14.5 290 0.6 12
9-12 13 10.5 136.5 4.6 59.8
5-8 5 6.5 32.5 8.6 43
= 60 f |x - |=
230.1

STEP 1 STEP 4

Mean =

8
Mean= 15.1

STEP 5 Average Deviation =

Average Deviation =

Average Deviation = 3.84

3. Variance

Formula: σ2 =

Where: f = class frequency

X = Class Mark
X = class mean
∑f = total number of frequency

Step 1: Get the midpoint/class mark of each class interval.

Step 2: Multiply frequency (f) and the midpoint/class mark (x) of each class
interval to get fx.

Step 3: Find the sum of fx of each interval to get ∑fX.

Step 4: Compute for the mean.

Step 5: Solve for the deviation (x- ) by getting the difference of the class mark and
the mean.

Step 6: Square the deviation of each interval to get (x- )2.

Step 7: Multiply frequency (f) and (x-mean)2. Add each product to find 𝑓(x- )2.

Step 8: Calculate the variance using the formula

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7

Solution:

Class Frequency Class fx (x – x̄) (x- )2 f(x- )2

Interval (f) Mark
(x)
21-24 10 22.5 225 22.5 -15.1= 7.4 (7.4)2= 547.6
54.76
17-20 12 18.5 222 3.4 11.56 138.72
13-16 20 14.5 290 -0.6 0.36 7.2
9-12 13 10.5 136.5 -4.6 21.16 275.08
5-8 5 6.5 32.5 -8.6 73.96 369.8
N= 60 f(x- )2 =

9
 1338.4

Note: the mean was already computed

STEPwhen
3 we solved for average deviation

Mean= 15.1

σ2 =

σ2 =

σ2 =

σ2 = 22. 68

4. Standard Deviation

Formula:

σ2 = 22. 68

What’s More

After the discussion of the definition, formula, and the process on how to solve for
each measure of variability, let us now try to see what you have understood in this
module. Come on! You can do it!

Find the range, mean deviation, variance, and standard deviation of the set of data
given below. Show the complete table and your solution.
Mara’s score in Math Quizzes for the 1st quarter: 6,8,4,7,5,9,12

Guide Table

Scores Mean (x-mean) |x-mean| (x-mean)2

6
8
4
7
5
9
12
= ______

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 1. R =_______ 2. AD = ________ 3. V = ______ 4. SD= ________

What I Have Learned

Here is another activity that will help you to remember formula of measures of
variability.

Write the formula for each indicated measure of variability.

Measures of Variability Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

1. Range
2. Average Deviation

3. Variance
4. Standard Deviation

What I Can Do

Find the range, mean deviation, variance, and standard deviation of the set of data
given below. Show the complete table and your solution.

Score of Students in a Science Quiz

Class Interval Frequency

15-17 5
12-14 4
9-11 6
6-8 3
3-5 2
N=20
Guide Table
Class Frequency Class fx (x – mean) |x– f| x – (x- f(x-
Interval (f) Mark mean| mean| mean)2 mean)2
(x)

_____ ____ f(x-

mean)2 =

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 ______

1. R =_______ 2. AD = ________ 3. V = ______ 4. SD= ________

Assessment

You are doing well! Let us continue for you to master the concepts of measures of
variability.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the same as standard deviation but less frequent used.

A. Standard Deviation C. Average Deviation
B. Measures of Variability D. Variance

2. This pertains to how the set of the data is spread out.

A. Standard Deviation C. Average Deviation
B. Measures of Variability D. Variance

3. It is the simplest measure of variability.

A. Range C. Mean Deviation
B. Standard Deviation D. Variance

4. This refers to the square of the variance.

A. Standard Deviation C. Average Deviation
B. Measures of Variability D. Variance

5. It can be defined as how close the data in the set are to the middle of the
distribution.
A. Standard Deviation C. Average Deviation
B. Measures of Variability D. Variance

For number 6, 7, and 8; Given: 8,10,5, and 2.

6. What is the range?
a. 8 b. 7 c. 6 d. 5
7. What is the Average Deviation?
a. 2.65 b. 2.75 c. 1.44 d. 2
8. What is the variance?
a. 9.52 b. 10 c. 9.19 d. 9.75
9. Square root of the variance is the formula in finding the ___________.
a. Range b. Average Deviation c. Variance d. Standard Deviation

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10. Taking the absolute mean deviation is needed in finding the _________.
a. Range b. Average Deviation c. Variance d. Standard Deviation

Additional Activities

Given the data below, construct a frequency distribution table to make it a grouped
data. Then, compute for the measure of variability (range, average deviation,
variance, and standard deviation)

Score of Grade 7 Students in 20-item Mathematics Summative Test

15 12 12 11 10

20 16 17 18 11

18 15 11 16 12
19 10 11 12 13

20 19 18 17 16

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 Answer Key

What I Know What's In What’s More

1. B 1. Summation 1. Range = 8
2. E 2. Mean
3. D 3. Square Root 2. AD= 2.04
4. A 4. Square 3. V = 6.2
5. C 5. Class Mark
6. D 4. 2.49
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B

What I Have What I Can Do Assessment

Learned
1. R= 15 1. C
For ungrouped data 2. AD = 3.26 2. B
R= HS – LS 3. V= 15.42 3. A
AD= 4. SD= 3.93 4. A
V= 5. D
6. A
SD= 7. B
For grouped data 8. C
R= UCB- LCB 9. D
AD= 10. B

V=

SD=

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References
2020. K To 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies. Department of Education-
Curriculum and Instruction Strand.

http://onlinestatbook.com/2/summarizing_distributions/variability.html

https://www.slideshare.net/JunilaTejada/measures-of-variability-of-grouped-and-
ungrouped-data#:~:text=1.
,The%20measures%20of%20variability%20allows%20us,the%20spread%20of%20t
he%20data.&text=In%20finding%20the%20range%20of,to%20the%20lowest%20cla
ss%20mark.
https://byjus.com/average-deviation-formula/

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