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3 (Algebraic Expressions)
f‚wgKv
cvUxMwY‡Z wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b mvaviYZ †Kvb wbw`©ó gv‡bi msL¨v Øviv †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM Kiv nq|
exRMwY‡Z wbw`©ó gv‡bi msL¨v QvovI a, b, c, x, y, z, , cÖf…wZ Bs‡iwR I wMÖK eY©gvjvi Aÿi mg~n Awbw`©ó
msL¨vgv‡bi cÖZxK wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| exRMwYZxq cªZxK Øviv cÖKvwkZ †h †Kvb mvaviY wbqg exRMwYwZK myÎ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| exRMwY‡Zi mgm¨v mgvav‡b A‡bK mgq exRMvwbwZK m~Î e¨eüZ nq| exRMvwYwZK we‡kølY K‡i
Drcv`‡Ki gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| wewfbœ MvwYwZK mgm¨v exRMvwYwZK my‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Drcv`‡K we‡kølY K‡i
mgvavb Kiv hvq| c~e©eZ©x †kÖYx‡Z exRMwYwZK myÎmg~n Ges mswkøó Abywm×všÍ¸‡jv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB BDwb‡U exRMwYwZK myÎ Abywm×všÍmn cybiæ‡jøL Kivmn D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g G‡`i KwZcq cÖ‡qvM
†`Lv‡bv n‡e| G QvovI GB BDwb‡U eM© I N‡bi m¤úªmviY, fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ges
ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b exRMwYZxq my‡Îi MVb I cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
BDwb‡Ui D‡Ïk¨
GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb-
exRMwY‡Zi cÖavb m~Îvejx eY©bv I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges myÎ cÖ‡qvM K‡i eM© Ges N‡bi
m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
wewfbœ ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
m~Îvejx cÖ‡qvM K‡i mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
exRMwY‡Zi mgm¨v mgvav‡b m~Îmg~n cÖ‡qv‡Mi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 1: exRMvwYwZK m~Îvejx
cvV 2: Nb msewjZ m~Îvejx
cvV 3: Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
cvV 4: fvM‡kl Dccv`¨
cvV 5: ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b exRMvwYwZK m~Î MVb I cÖ‡qvM
I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
exRMwY‡Zi cÖavb m~θ‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ exRMvwYwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
m~θ‡jv e¨env‡i `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
g~jcvV-
exRMvwYwZK ivwk (Algebraic Expressions)
cÖwµqv wPý Ges msL¨v wb‡`©kK Aÿi cÖZx‡Ki A_©‡evaK web¨vm‡K exRMvwYwZK ivwk ejv nq|
a 3b 4c, 2a 5b 9c BZ¨vw` exRMvwYwZK ivwk| exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z a, b, c ... BZ¨vw` eY©gvjvi gva¨‡g
wewfbœ Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq| exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z e¨eüZ msL¨v¸wj aªæeK| G‡`i gvb wbw`©ó| Ab¨w`‡K
exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z e¨eüZ Aÿi¸‡jv PjK, G‡`i gvb wbw`©ó bq|
exRMvwYwZK m~Î (Algebraic Formulae)
exRMwYZxq cªZxK Øviv cÖKvwkZ †h †Kvb mvaviY wbqg ev wm×všÍ‡K exRMwYwZK myÎ ejv nq| exRMvwY‡Zi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b A‡bK mgq exRMvwbwZK m~Î e¨eüZ nq| c~e©eZ©x †kÖYx‡Z exRMvwYwZK myÎvejx Ges mswkøó
Abywm×všÍ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b cybiv‡jvPbv K‡i KwZcq m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
myÎ 1: a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
myÎ 2: a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
jÿ Kiæb myÎ-1 G b Gi cwie‡Z© b emv‡j myÎ-2 cvIqv hvq|
a b 2 a 2 2a b b 2
A_©vr a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
myÎ-1 †K eY©bvi mvnv‡h¨ wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
`yBwU ivwki mgwói eM© = cÖ_g ivwki eM© + ivwk `yBwUi ¸Yd‡ji wظY + wØZxq ivwki eM©
m~ÎwU wb¤œwjwLZfv‡eI cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
a b 2 a 2 b 2 2ab
myÎ-2 †K eY©bvi mvnv‡h¨ wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
`yBwU ivwki we‡qvMd‡ji eM© = cÖ_g ivwki eM© ivwk `yBwUi ¸Yd‡ji wظY + wØZxq ivwki eM©|
myÎwU‡K wb¤œwjwLZfv‡eI cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
a b 2 a 2 b 2 2ab
Abywm×všÍ 1: a 2 b 2 a b 2 2ab
Abywm×všÍ 2: a 2 b 2 a b 2 2ab
cÖgvY: a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
ev, a 2 2ab b 2 a b 2 [cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev a 2 b 2 2ab a b 2
ev a 2 b 2 2ab 2ab a b 2 2ab
2
a 2 b 2 a b 2ab
Abywm×všÍ 3: a b 2 a b 2 4ab
cÖgvY: a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
a 2 2ab 2ab 2ab b 2
2
a 2 2ab b2 4ab a b 4ab
Abywm×všÍ 4: a b 2 a b 2 4ab
cÖgvY: a b 2 a 2 2ab b 2
a 2 2ab 2ab 2ab b 2
2
a 2 2ab b 2 4ab a b 4ab
2 ( a b) 2 ( a b) 2
2
Abywm×všÍ 5: a b
2
cÖgvY: 1bs Ges 2bs myÎ n‡Z Avcbviv Rv‡bb
2
a 2 2ab b 2 a b
2
a 2 2ab b 2 a b
†hvM K‡i cvIqv hvq 2a 2 2b 2 a b 2 a b 2
ev 2 a 2 b 2 a b 2 a b 2
2 2
myZivs a b 2 2
a b a b
2
2 2
a b a b
Abywm×všÍ 6: ab A_ev, ab †K `yBwU e‡M©i AšÍidjiƒ‡c cÖKvk
2 2
cÖgvY: 1bs Ges 2 bs myÎ n‡Z Avcbviv Rv‡bb
2
a 2 2ab b 2 a b
2
a 2 2ab b 2 a b
we‡qvM K‡i cvIqv hvq; 4ab a b 2 a b 2
myZivs ab
a b 2 a b 2
4 4
2 2
a b a b
2 2
myÎ 3: a 2 b 2 a b a b
cÖgvY: a b a b a a b ba b
a 2 ab ba b 2
a 2 ab ab b 2 a 2 b 2
A_©vr a 2 b 2 a b a b
m~Î 4: x a x b x 2 a b x ab
A_©vr x a x b x 2 a I b Gi exRMvwYwZK † hvMdj x a I b Gi ¸Ydj
wZbwU ivwki eM© wbY©q
myÎ 1 Ges myÎ 2 n‡Z Avgiv `yBU ivwki †hvMdj Ges we‡qvMd‡ji eM© wbY©q †R‡bwQ| GLb `yBwU ivwki ¯’‡j
hw` wZbwU ivwk _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡`i eM© wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| aiæb, a b c ivwkwUi eM© wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
2
a b c Gi eM© a b c
GLv‡b wZbwU ivwk i‡q‡Q wKš‘ c~‡e© Avgiv `yBwU ivwki Rb¨ wk‡LwQ| hw` Avgiv a b †K GKwU ivwk Kíbv Kwi
Zvn‡j Avgiv cvB
2 2
(i) a b c a b c
ZLb myÎ-1 cÖ‡qvM K‡i mn‡RB Avgiv mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi| A_©vr
a b c2 a b 2 2a b c c2
a 2 2ab b 2 2ac 2bc c 2
a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ca
2 2
(ii) a b c a b c
2
a b 2a b c c 2
a 2 2ab b 2 2ac 2bc c 2
a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ca
2 2
(iii) a b c a b c
2 2
a 2 b c 2a b 2 b c 2 c a [(i) Gi mvnv‡h¨]
a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab 2bc 2ca
2 2
(iv) a b c d a b c d
2 2
a b 2a b c d c d
a 2 2ab b 2 2ac ad bc bd c 2 2cd d 2
a 2 b 2 c 2 d 2 2ab 2ac 2ad 2bc 2bd 2cd
1
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, m 2
m2
2
1 1
m 2.m.
m m
2
3 2 9 2 7
1 1
D`vniY 9: x 3 n‡j, x 4 4 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x x
1
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, x 4 4
x
2
1
2 2
x 2
x
2
2 1 1
x 2 2x2. 2
x x
2
2 1 2
x 2
x
2 2
1 1
x 2.x. 2
x x
2
32 2 2 9 2 2
2
2
11 2 121 2 119
D`vniY 10: a b c 8 Ges a 2 b 2 c 2 36 n‡j, ab bc ca Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, a b c 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab bc ca
ev, 82 36 2ab bc ca [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 64 36 2ab bc ca
ev, 2ab bc ca 64 36 [ivwk¸‡jv cÿvšÍi K‡i]
ev, 2ab bc ca 28
28
ev, ab bc ca
2
ab bc ca 14
D`vniY 11: a b c 15 Ges ab bc ca 71 n‡j, a 2 b 2 c 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, a b c 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 2ab bc ca
ev, 152 a 2 b 2 c 2 2.71 [gvb ewm‡q]
ev, 225 a 2 b 2 c 2 142
ev, a 2 b 2 c 2 225 142 [ivwk¸‡jv cÿvšÍi K‡i]
a 2 b 2 c 2 83
D`vniY 12: x y z p Ges xy yz zx q n‡j x y 2 y z 2 z x 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
2 2
ab ab
Avgiv Rvwb, ab
2 2
a Gi cwie‡Z© x 7 Ges b Gi cwie‡Z© x 5 emv‡j cvIqv hvq,
2 2
x 7 x 5 x 7 x 5 x 7 x 5
2 2
2 2
2 x 12 2
2 2
2
2 x 6 2 2 2
1 x 6 1
2
D`vniY 17: e‡M©i m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i 995 Gi eM© wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: 995 Gi eM© 9952 1000 52
2 2
1000 2.1000.5 5
1000000 10000 25
1000025 10000 990025
D`vniY 18: mij Kiæb: 3x 5 y 4 z 2 23x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z 2
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, 3 x 5 y 4 z a Ges 5 x 5 y 4 z b
2 2
cÖ`Ë ivwk 3x 5 y 4 z 23 x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z
a 2 2ab b 2
2 2
a b 3x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z
2 2
3x 5 y 4 z 5 x 5 y 4 z 8x 64x 2
mvims‡ÿc-
cÖwµqv wPý Ges msL¨v wb‡`©kK Aÿi cÖZx‡Ki A_©‡evaK web¨vm‡K exRMvwYwZK ivwk ejv nq|
exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z e¨eüZ msL¨v¸wj aªæeK, G‡`i gvb wbw`©ó|
exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡Z e¨eüZ Aÿi¸‡jv PjK, G‡`i gvb wbw`©ó bq|
exRMwYZxq cªZxK Øviv cÖKvwkZ †h †Kvb mvaviY wbqg ev wm×všÍ‡K exRMwYwZK myÎ ejv nq|
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
Nb wbY©‡qi m~Î eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
wewfbœ cÖKvi MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Nb wbY©‡qi m~Î e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
Abywm×všÍ 7: a 3 b 3 a b 3 3aba b
cÖgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, a b 3 a 3 b 3 3aba b
Abywm×všÍ 9: a 3 b3 a b 3 3aba b
cÖgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, a b 3 a 3 b3 3aba b
ev, a 3 b3 a b 3 3aba b [ivwk¸‡jv cÿvšÍi K‡i]
Abywm×všÍ 10: a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2
cÖgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, a 3 b3 a b 3 3aba b
a b a b 3ab
2
a b a 2ab b 3ab
2 2
a b a 2 ab b 2
D`vniY 1: 3 x 5 y Gi Nb wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: 3 x 5 y Gi Nb 3x 5 y 3
3 2 2 3
3x 3.3x .5 y 3.3 x.5 y 5 y
27 x 3 3.9 x 2 .5 y 3.3 x.25 y 2 125 y 3
27 x 3 135 x 2 y 225 xy 2 125 y 3
D`vniY 2: 2 x 3 y Nb wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: 2 x 3 y Gi Nb 2 x 3 y 3 2 x 3 3.2 x 2 .3 y 3.2 x.3 y 2 3 y 3
8 x 3 3.4 x 2 .3 y 3.2 x.9 y 2 27 y 3
8 x 3 36 x 2 y 54 xy 2 27 y 3
3
4 3.3.4 [gvb ewm‡q]
64 36 28
m m m m
3
1 1
m 3. m
m m
3
r 3.r [gvb ewm‡q]
r 3 3r
1
x 3
x
1
cÖ`Ë ivwk x 3
x3
3
1 1 1
x 3.x. x
x x x
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 0 (cÖgvwYZ)
1
D`vniY 9: hw` x 2 3 nq, Z‡e cÖgvY Kiæb x 3 18 3
x3
mgvavb: †`Iqv Av‡Q, x 2 3
1 1 1
x 2 3 3 2
3 2
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
3 2
2 2
3 2
1
3 2
x
1
x 2 3 3 2 2 3
x
1
cÖ`Ë ivwk x 3 3
x
3
1 1 1
x 3.x. x
x x x
3
2 3 3.2 3 23 3 6 3 3
8.3 3 6 3 24 3 6 3 18 3 (cÖgvwYZ)
3 3
(iv) x 15 16 x 3 x 1516 x
2
1 1
x 3 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, x 3 0
3
3.
x x
1 1
4. x 3 n‡j, x 3 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x x
5. a b m, a 2 b 2 n Ges a 3 b 3 p 3 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, m3 2 p 3 3mn
1 1
6. m a n‡j, m3 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
m m
1 1
7. x 1 n‡j, x 3 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x x
1 1 1
8. x 2 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, x 2 2 x 3 3 4
x x x
9. x y z 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, x 3 y 3 z 3 3xyz
1 1
10. a x Ges b x n‡j, a 3 3a 2b 3ab 2 b 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x x
2 1
11. 2 x 3 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, 8 x3 3 63
x x
6
x 1
12. x 6 5 n‡j, Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x3
1
13. x 4 x 2 1 0 n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h, x 3 3 0
x
14. a b c 3s n‡j, cÖgvY Kiæb †h,
s a 3 s b 3 s c 3 3s a s b s c
15. a b c p, a 2 b 2 c 2 q 2 Ges abc r 3 n‡j, a 3 b3 c 3 Gi gvb p, q Ges r Gi
gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiæb|
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
`yBwU ivwki e‡M©i AšÍidj iƒ‡ci ivwk‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
x 2 px q AvKv‡i ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
ax 2 bx c AvKv‡ii ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
Drcv`‡K we‡kølY (Resolution into Factors)
†Kvb ivwk `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ivwki ¸Yd‡ji mgvb n‡j, †k‡lv³ ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ ivwki Drcv`K
ev ¸YbxqK ejv nq| †Kvb exRMvwYwZK ivwki m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`K¸‡jv wbY©q Kivi ci ivwkwU‡K jä Drcv`K¸‡jvi
¸Ydj iƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiv ejv nq| GB BDwb‡U exRMwY‡Zi wewfbœ m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i
wKfv‡e Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq, †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
Drcv`K wbY©‡qi KwZcq †KŠkj
1| †Kvb eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡` mvaviY Drcv`K _vK‡j Zv cÖ_‡g †ei K‡i wb‡Z nq
D`vniY 1: 3 x 2 yz 3 9 x 3 y 2 z 12 xy 3 z 2 15 x 2 y 2 z 2
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 3 x 2 yz 3 9 x 3 y 2 z 12 xy 3 z 2 15 x 2 y 2 z 2
3 xyz xz 2 3x 2 y 4 y 2 z 5 xyz
D`vniY 2: 2abx y bcx y 3cax y
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 2abx y bcx y 3cax y
x y 2ab bc 3ca
2
2 x 5 y 2 x 5 y 2 x 5 y
2 2
x 2 8 y 2 2.x 2 .8 y 2 2.x 2 .8 y 2
x 2.x .8 y 8 y
2 2 2 2 2 2
16 x 2 y 2
x 8 y 4 xy
2 2
2 2
x 2 8 y 2 4 xy x 2 8 y 2 4 xy
x 2
4 xy 8 y 2
x 4 xy 8 y
2 2
2 x 3a 2ax 2 2
2 2
x y xy 2 2
2 2
x y xy x y xy
2 2 2 2
x xy y x xy y
2 2 2 2
x 2 x a a 2 3a 2 x 2 x a 2 a 3
x 2 a 3 a 2 x a 3a 2
x a 3x a 2
x a 3 x a 2
2
D`vniY 20: x 2 3a x 6 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
a
2 2x
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, x 2 3a x 6 x 2 3ax 6
a a
2 2 2
x 2 3a x 3a x 3a x
a a a
g‡b Kiæb, x 2 2 x a
myZivs cÖ`Ë ivwk n‡e, 3a 2 22a 40 3a 2 12a 10a 40
3a a 4 10a 4 a 43a 10
x 2 2 x 4 3 x 2 2 x 10 , [ a Gi gvb ewm‡q]
x 2
2 x 4 3x 2
6 x 10
6| GKwU ivwk‡K c~Y© Nb AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
Nb AvKv‡ii ivwki Drcv`‡K we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ a b 3 a b a b a b Ges a b 3 a b
a b a b m~Î e¨envi Kiv nq|
D`vniY 25: 8 x 3 36 x 2 54 x 27 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 8 x 3 36 x 2 54 x 27 2 x 3 3.2 x 2 .3 3.2 x . 32 33
3
2 x 3 2 x 32 x 32 x 3
D`vniY 26: 27 x 3 108 x 2 y 144 xy 2 64 y 3 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 27 x 3 108 x 2 y 144 xy 2 64 y 3
3 2 2 3
3x 3.3x .4 y 3.3 x
. 4 y 4 y
3
3x 4 y 3x 4 y 3 x 4 y 3x 4 y
D`vniY 27: 27 x 3 54 x 2 y 36 xy 2 8 y 3 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 27 x 3 54 x 2 y 36 xy 2 8 y 3
3 2 2 3
3x 3.3 x .2 y 3.3x
. 2 y 2 y
3
3x 2 y 3x 2 y 3x 2 y 3x 2 y
D`vniY 28: 125 225 y 135 y 2 27 y 3 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 125 225 y 135 y 2 27 y 3
3 2 2 3
5 3.5 .3 y 3.5
. 3 y 3 y
3
5 3 y 5 3 y 5 3 y 5 3 y
7| a 3 b 3 a b a 2 ab b 2 Ges a 3 b3 a b a 2 ab b 2 m~Î e¨envi K‡i Drcv`‡K
we‡kølY
3
a 2 a 2
3 3 3
3 x2 x 1 4 x 2 2 x 1
D`vniY 32: x 2 y 2 8 x 3 y 3 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
3
x 2 y 2 2 xy x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2 .2 xy 2 xy
2 2
x 2 xy y
2
x y 2xyx y 4x y
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x y x 2 x y y 2 x y 2 xy 4 x y
2 4 2 2 4 3 3 2 2
x y x y x 6 x y y 2 x y 2 xy
4 2 2 4 3 3
8 2 2 2 2
1 a 1
a a 2
2 2 4
3
1 8a 1 1
Ab¨fv‡e, a 3
8 8
3
2a 1
8
3
1
2
2a 1 2a 2a.1 1
8
2
1
8
2a 1 4a 2 2a 1
1
D`vniY 34: x 3 ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
27
3
1 3 1
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, x 3 x
27 3
2
1 2 1 1
x x x.
3 3 3
1 x 1
x x 2
3 3 9
y3
D`vniY 35: 8 x 3 ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
27
3
y3 3 y
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 8 x 3 2 x
27 3
2
y 2 y y
2 x 2 x 2 x
3 3 3
y 2 xy y 2
2 x 4 x 2
3 3 9
125
D`vniY 36: 27m3 ivwkwU‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
n3
3
125 5
mgvavb: cÖ`Ë ivwk, 27m 3 3m 3
3
n n
2
5 2 5 5
3m 3m 3m .
n n n
5 15m 25
3m 9m 2 2
n n n
mvims‡ÿc-
†Kvb ivwk `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ivwki ¸Yd‡ji mgvb n‡j, †k‡lv³ ivwk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ ivwki
Drcv`K ev ¸YbxqK ejv nq|
†Kvb exRMvwYwZK ivwki m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`K¸‡jv wbY©q Kivi ci ivwkwU‡K jä Drcv`K¸‡jvi ¸Ydj iƒ‡c
cÖKvk Kiv‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiv ejv nq|
Drcv`K wbY©‡qi KwZcq †KŠkj
1| †Kvb eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡` mvaviY Drcv`K _vK‡j Zv cÖ_‡g †ei K‡i wb‡Z nq|
2| GKwU ivwk‡K c~Y©eM© AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i|
3| GKwU ivwk‡K `yBwU e‡M©i AšÍi iƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i|
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ ivwkgvjv‡K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
fvM‡kl Dcvcv`¨ e¨env‡ii `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
g~jcvV-
fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ (Remainder Theorem)
Avcbviv wb‡Pi D`vniYwU jÿ Kiæb:
6 x 2 8 x 5 †K x 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj I fvM‡kl KZ?
6 x 2 8 x 5 †K x 2 Øviv fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq
x 2)6x2 8x +5(6x+4
6 x 2 12 x
4x 5
4x 8
13
GLv‡b, x 2 fvRK, 6 x 8 x 5 fvR¨, 6 x 4 fvMdj Ges 13 fvM‡kl|
2
cÖgvY: GLv‡b fvRK ax b , a 0 Gi gvÎv 1| fvMdj g x Ges fvM‡kl r n‡j Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi,
f x ax b .g x r
b
f x x .a.g x r
a
b
Dc‡ii mgxKiY n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, f x †K x Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvMdj a.g x Ges fvM‡kl r nq|
a
b
GLv‡b fvRK x
a
b
myZivs fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, fvM‡kl r f
a
b
myZivs f x †K ax b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl nq f |
a
Dccv`¨ 2: x a eûc`x f x Gi Drcv`K n‡e hw` Ges †Kej gvÎ hw` f a 0 nq|
cÖgvY: g‡b Kiæb, f a 0 |
myZivs fvM‡kl Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx, eûc`x f x †K x a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl k~b¨ n‡e| A_©vr, x a
eûc`x f x Gi GKwU Drcv`K n‡e|
wecixZµ‡g, g‡b Kiæb, x a eûc`x f x Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
AZGe, f x x a .g x , †hLv‡b g x eûc`x|
Dfq c‡ÿ x a ewm‡q cvIqv hvq,
f a a a .g a 0.g x
f a 0
myZivs, †Kvb eûc`x f x , x a Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej gvÎ hw` f a 0 nq| GB m~Î Drcv`K
Dccv`¨ (Factor Theorem) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
D`vniY 1: x 2 5 x 6 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, cÖ`Ë eûc`xwU f x
f x x 2 5 x 6
eûc`xi aªæeKc` 6 Gi Drcv`K¸‡jv n‡”Q 1, 2, 3 Ges 6
eûc`xwU‡Z, x 1 emv‡j f x Gi gvb k~b¨ nq bv| f 1 1 5.1 6 10 0 wKš‘ x 1 emv‡j,
f x Gi gvb k~b¨ nq|
A_©vr, f 1 12 5 1 6 1 5 6 0
myZivs x 1, f x eûc`xi GKwU Drcv`K
f x x 2 5 x 6 x 2 x 6 x 6
x x 1 6 x 1 x 1 x 6
D`vniY 2: x 3 2 x 2 5 x 6 †K Drcv`‡K we‡kølY Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, cÖ`Ë eûc`xwU f x
f ( x) x 3 2 x 2 5 x 6
x y x 2 xy 6 y 2
x y . g x
GLv‡b eûc`x g x x 2 xy 6 y 2
g y y 2 y. y 6 y 2 y 2 y 2 6 y 2 6 y 2 0
2
g 2 y 2 y 2 y y 6 y 2 4 y 2 2 y 2 6 y 2 4 y 2 0
2
g 2 y 2 y 2 y . y 6 y 2
4 y2 2 y2 6 y2 0
myZivs x 2 y eûc`x g x Gi GKwU Drcv`K|
g x x 2 xy 6 y 2
x 2 2 xy 3xy 6 y 2
x x 2 y 3 y x 2 y
x 2 y x 3 y
myZivs, f x x y .g x
ev, f x x y x 2 y x 3 y [g(x) Gi gvb ewm‡q]
mvims‡ÿc-
abvZ¥K gvÎvi †Kv‡bv eûc`x f x †K x a AvKv‡ii eûc`x Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl KZ n‡e Zv
fvM bv K‡i †ei Kivi m~ÎB n‡jv fvM‡kl Dccv`¨|
hw` eûc`x f x Gi gvÎv †hvM‡evaK Ges a 0 nq, Z‡e f x †K eûc`x ax b Øviv fvM
b
Ki‡j fvM‡kl f nq|
a
x a eûc`x f x Gi Drcv`K n‡e hw` Ges †Kej gvÎ hw` f a 0 nq|
†Kvb eûc`x f x , x a Øviv wefvR¨ n‡e hw` Ges †Kej gvÎ hw` f a 0 nq| GB m~Î Drcv`K
Dccv`¨ (Factor Theorem) bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvav‡b exRMvwYwZK m~Î MVb Ki‡Z I m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
g~jcvV-
c~e©eZ©x BDwbU mg~‡n Avcbviv msL¨v, exRMwY‡Zi m~Îvejx, Drcv`K BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i‡Qb| ev¯Íe
†ÿ‡Î exRMwY‡Zi m~θwj wewfbœfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv ev¯Íe mgm¨v mgvavb K‡í exRMvwYwZK
m~θwj cÖ‡qvM Kivi c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| GB Av‡jvPbvi d‡j Avcbviv GKw`‡K †hgb ev¯Íe RM‡Z
MwY‡Zi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb, Ab¨w`‡K wb‡R‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ Rxe‡b MwY‡Zi m¤ú„³Zv Abyaveb K‡i
MwYZ wkÿvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx n‡eb|
1| †`q ev cÖvc¨ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
†`q ev cÖvc¨, A qn
†hLv‡b, q Rb cÖwZ †`q ev cÖvc¨ UvKvi cwigvY
n †jv‡Ki msL¨v
D`vniY 1: †Kvb ¯‹z‡j S.S.C cixÿv_©x‡`i we`vq Abyôvb Kivi Rb¨ beg †kÖYxi wkÿv_©xiv 45,000 UvKvi GKwU
ev‡RU Ki‡jb Ges wm×všÍ wb‡jb †h, H †kÖYxi wkÿv_©xivB ïay Puv`v w`‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K mgvb Puv`v w`‡eb|
wKš‘ 5 Rb wkÿv_©x Puv`v cÖ`v‡b AcviMZv cÖKvk Ki‡jb| d‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xi Puv`v 15 UvKv †e‡o †Mj| H
†kÖYx‡Z KZRb wkÿv_©x wQj, wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb : g‡b Kiæb, beg †kÖYx‡Z wkÿv_©xi msL¨v x Rb Ges Rb cÖwZ †`q Puv`vi cwigvb q UvKv|
†gvU Puv`v A qx UvKv
wKš‘ kZ©g‡Z, Puv`v cÖ`vbKvix wkÿv_©xi msL¨v nj x 5 Rb Ges Zv‡`i Puv`vi cwigvY q 15 UvKv|
GgZve¯’vq †gvU Puv`vi cwigvY n‡e x 5q 15 UvKv
cÖkœvbymv‡i, qx 45000 ........... (1)
Avevi, qx x 5q 15 .......... (2)
(2) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvIqv hvq,
qx qx 15 x 5q 75
ev 5q 15 x 75
ev q 3x 15
q Gi gvb (1) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvIqv hvq
qx 45000
ev 3x 15x 45000
ev, 3 x 2 15 x 45000
ev, x 2 5 x 15000
ev, x 2 125 x 120 x 15000 0
GLv‡b, x 15 , y 6 , z 10
D‡jøwLZ Ask 1
15 6 10
mgq T 1 w`b
15 6 6 10 10 15
900 900
w`b w`b 3 w`b
90 60 150 300
AZGe wb‡Y©q mgq 3 w`b|
3| mgq I `~iZ¡ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
mgq I `~iZ¡ welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv Rvb‡Z n‡e:
AwZµvšÍ `~ iZ¡
MwZ‡eM wK.wg./N›Uv
mgq
AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ †eMmgq
D`vniY 4: 125 wgUvi `xN© GKwU cøvUdig‡K 75 wgUvi j¤^v GKwU †Uªb 36 †m‡K‡Û AwZµg K‡i| †Uª‡bi
MwZ‡eM N›Uvq KZ wK‡jvwgUvi|
200
mgvavb: †UªbwU cøvUdig AwZµg Kivi `~iZ¡ (125+75) wgUvi 200 wgUvi wK.wg.
1000
36
†UªbwU cøvUdig AwZµg Kivi mgq 36 †m‡KÛ N›Uv
60 60
200
`~iZ¡ 200 60 60
MwZ‡eM mgq wK.wg./N›Uv 1000 wK.wg./N›Uv wK.wg./N›Uv 20 wK. wg./N›Uv
36 1000 36
60 60
D`vniY 5: GKRb gvwS †¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j x N›Uvq d `~iZ¡ †h‡Z cv‡i| †¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j H `~iZ¡ †h‡Z gvwSi y
N›Uv mgq jv‡M| †¯ªv‡Zi †eM Ges †bŠKvi †eM wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, †bŠKvi †eM N›Uvq u wK.wg. Ges †¯ªv‡Zi †eM N›Uvq v wK.wg.
†¯ªv‡Zi AbyK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM (u+v) wK.wg./N›Uv
Ges †¯ªv‡Zi cÖwZK‚‡j †bŠKvi †eM (uv) wK.wg./N›Uv
Avgiv Rvwb, AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ †eM mgq
d
d u v x uv .......... (1)
x
d
Ges d u v y u v ..........(2)
y
d d
mgxKiY (1) I (2) †hvM K‡i cvIqv hvq; 2u
x y
1 1
ev, 2u d
x y
d 1 1
u
2 x y
Avevi mgxKiY (1) bs n‡Z (2) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvIqv hvq
d d
2v
x y
1 1
ev, 2v d
x y
d 1 1
v
2x y
d 1 1 d 1 1
†bŠKvi †eM N›Uvq wK.wg. Ges †¯ªv‡Zi †eM N›Uvq wK.wg.
2 x y 2 x y
4| bj I †PŠev”Pv welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
bj I †PŠev”Pv welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi m~Î Rvbv `iKvi:
wbw`©ó mg‡q †PŠev”Pvi cvwbi cwigvY, Qt Q0 qt
†hLv‡b, Q t t mg‡q †PŠev”Pvq cvwbi cwigvY|
Q0 b‡ji gyL Ly‡j †`Iqvi mgq †PŠev”Pvq Rgv cvwbi cwigvY|
q cÖwZ GKK mg‡q bj w`‡q †h cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i A_ev †ei nq|
t AwZµvšÍ mgq
cvwb cÖ‡ek nIqvi k‡Z© Ô+Õ wPý Ges cvwb †ei nIqvi k‡Z© ÔÕ wPý e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY 6: GKwU †PŠev”Pvi `yBwU bj Øviv h_vµ‡g 20 wgwb‡U I 30 wgwb‡U †PŠev”PvwU c~Y© nq| bj `yBwU GK
ms‡M Ly‡j w`‡j †PŠev”PvwU KZ mg‡q c~Y© n‡e Zv wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, †PŠev”PvwU v wjUvi cvwb a‡i|
1g bj Øviv 20 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq †PŠev”PvwU
v
1g bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq wjUvi
20
v
Abyiƒcfv‡e, 2q bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq wjUvi
30
v v
AZGe 1g I 2q bj GK‡Î †Lvjv ivL‡j 1 wgwb‡U c~Y© n‡e wjUvi
20 30
3 2 v wjUvi 5v wjUvi v wjUvi
60 60 12
Avevi, g‡b Kiæb, bjØq GK‡Î †Lvjv ivL‡j t mg‡q †PŠev”PvwU c~Y© nq|
v
bjØq GK‡Î †Lvjv ivL‡j 1 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq wjUvi
t
v v
AZGe, t 12 wgwbU
t 12
AZGe wb‡Y©q mgq 12 wgwbU|
D`vniY 7: GKwU bj Øviv 12 wgwb‡U GKwU †PŠev”Pv c~Y© nq| Aci bj Øviv 1 wgwb‡U †PŠev”Pv †_‡K 15 wjUvi
cvwb †ei n‡h hvq| †PŠev”PvwU Lvwj Ae¯’vq bj `yBwU GK‡Î Ly‡j w`‡j Zv 48 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq| †PŠev”PvwU‡Z KZ
wjUvi cvwb a‡i Zv wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, †PŠev”PvwU‡Z cvwb a‡i p wjUvi|
Ges 1g bj Øviv cÖwZ wgwb‡U q wjUvi cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i|
kZ©©g‡Z, 1g bj Øviv 12 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq Lvwj †PŠev”PvwU|
p 12q .........(1)
Avevi, `yBwU bj GK‡Î Ly‡j w`‡j †PŠev”PvwU 48 wgwU‡U c~Y© nq|
p 48q 48 15 .........(2)
mgxKiY (1) bs n‡Z p Gi gvb (2) bs G ewm‡q cvIqv hvq
12q 48q 720
ev, 36q 720
720
q 20
36
q Gi gvb (1) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvIqv hvq-
p 12q 12 20 240
AZGe †PŠev”PvwU‡Z 240 wjUvi cvwb a‡i|
5| kZKiv Ask welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
D`vniY 8: GK nvwj gyiMx x% ÿwZ‡Z weµq Ki‡j †h g~j¨ cvIqv hvq 2x% jv‡f weµq Ki‡j Zvi †_‡K 48x
UvKv †ekx cvIqv hvq| gyiMx¸‡jvi µqg~j¨ wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, µqg~j¨ t UvKv
x
x% ÿwZ‡Z weµqg~j¨ t 1
100
2x
2x% jv‡f weµqg~j¨ t 1
100
2x x
kZvbymv‡i, t 1 t 1 48 x
100 100
x x
ev, t 1 1 48 x
50 100
x x
ev, t 48 x
50 100
1 1
ev, tx 48 x
50 100
2 1
ev, t 48
100
48 100
ev, t 1600
3
gyiMx¸‡jvi µqg~j¨ = 1600 UvKv
D`vniY 9: µqg~j¨ kZKiv KZ nv‡i evwo‡q wjL‡j †µZv‡K p% Kwgkb w`‡qI q% jvf _vK‡e| p20 Ges
q10 n‡j µqg~‡j¨i Dci kZKiv KZ nv‡i evwo‡q g~j¨ avh©¨ Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: g‡b Kiæb, µqg~j¨ x UvKv
q
q % jv‡f weµq g~j¨ x1 UvKv
100
Avevi, g‡b Kiæb avh© g~j¨ y UvKv
p
p % Kwg‡q weµq g~j¨ y 1 UvKv
100
q p
cÖkœvbymv‡i, x1 y1
100 100
q
1
y
100
x 1 p
100
y 100 q
x 100 p
y 100 p q p
x 100 p
y pq
1
x 100 p
p q 100 % evwo‡q wjwLZ g~j¨ avh© Ki‡Z n‡e|
100 p
GLb p20 Ges q10 ewm‡q cvIqv hvq,
µqg~‡j¨i Dci avh© g~‡j¨i e„w×
20 10 100 % 30 100 % 3 100 % 75 % 37 1 %
100 20 80 8 2 2
6| jvf I ÿwZ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
jvf weµqg~j¨ µqg~j¨
ÿwZ µqg~j¨ weµqg~j¨
hw` µqg~j¨ p Ges weµqg~j¨ q nq Z‡e
q p
kZKiv jvf 100
p
q p
jvf 100%
p
pq
kZKiv ÿwZ 100
p
pq
ÿwZ 100%
p
D`vniY 10: GK WRb Kgjv 220 UvKvq µq K‡i 242 UvKvq weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ jvf n‡e, wbY©q Kiæb|
q p
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, jvf x 100%
p
GLv‡b p µqg~j¨ 220 UvKv Ges q weµqg~j¨ 242 UvKv
242 220 22 100
x 100% % 10%
220 220
D`vniY 11: GK Kvw` Kjv 450 UvKvq µq K‡i 405 UvKvq weµq Ki‡j kZKiv KZ UvKv ÿwZ n‡e wbY©q
Kiæb|
pq
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, ÿwZ y 100%
p
GLv‡b p = 450 UvKv Ges q = 405 UvKv
450 405 45
y 100% 100% 10%
450 450
Pµe„w× gybvdv
Pµe„w× gybvdv wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv C P1 r n
†hLv‡b, C Pµe„w×i †ÿ‡Î me„w× g~j
P Avmj ev g~j
r GKK mg‡q GKK Avm‡ji Dci gybvdv
n mgq (eQ‡i)
D`vniY 13: kZKiv evwl©K 4 UvKv nvi Pµe„w× gybvdvq 12000 UvKvi 3 eQ‡ii me„w×g~j Ges Pµe„w× gybvdv
wbY©q Kiæb|
mgvavb: Avgiv Rvwb, Pµe„w× gybvdvi †ÿ‡Î C P1 r n
4
GLv‡b, P 12000 UvKv, r 4% Ges n 3 eQi
100
3 3
n 4 104
C P1 r 120001 12000
100 100
3
52 52 52 52
12000 12000
50 50 50 50
12 52 52 52 1687296
13498.37
5 5 5 125
mvims‡ÿc-
†`q ev cÖvc¨ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb: †`q ev cÖvc¨, A qn
†hLv‡b, q Rb cÖwZ †`q ev cÖvc¨ UvKvi cwigvY, n †jv‡Ki msL¨v
mgq I KvR welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb: Kv‡Ri cwigvY, w qnx
†hLv‡b, q GKK mg‡q m¤úbœK…Z 1 R‡bi Kv‡Ri Ask, n KvR m¤úv`bKvixi msL¨v,
x †gvU mgq
mgq I `~iZ¡ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
AwZµvšÍ `~ iZ¡
MwZ‡eM wK.wg./N›Uv, AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ †eMmgq
mgq
bj I †PŠev”Pv welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb: wbw`©ó mg‡q †PŠev”Pvi cvwbi cwigvY, Qt Q0 qt
†hLv‡b, Q t t mg‡q †PŠev”Pvq cvwbi cwigvY, Q0 b‡ji gyL Ly‡j †`Iqvi mgq †PŠev”Pvq
Rgv cvwbi cwigvY, q cÖwZ GKK mg‡q bj w`‡q †h cvwb cÖ‡ek K‡i A_ev †ei nq, t
AwZµvšÍ mgq
cvwb cÖ‡ek nIqvi k‡Z© Ô+Õ wPý Ges cvwb †ei nIqvi k‡Z© ÔÕ wPý e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
jvf I ÿwZ welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb
jvf weµqg~j¨ µqg~j¨, ÿwZ µqg~j¨ weµqg~j¨
q p pq
µqg~j¨ p Ges weµqg~j¨ q n‡j, jvf 100% Ges ÿwZ 100%
p p
wewb‡qvM I gybvdv welqK mgm¨vi mgvavb:
mij gybvdv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ m~Î n‡jv I Pnr
†hLv‡b, P g~jab, n mgq (eQ‡i), r kZKiv nvi, I gybvdv
Pµe„w× gybvdv wbb©‡qi m~Î n‡jv C P1 r n
†hLv‡b, C Pµe„w×i †ÿ‡Î me„w× g~j, P Avmj ev g~j, r GKK mg‡q GKK Avm‡ji
Dci gybvdv, n mgq (eQ‡i)
1. eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ 5700 UvKvq evm fvov Kiv nj| cÖ‡Z¨K hvÎx mgvb fvov enb Ki‡eb e‡j wVK
Ki‡jb| 5 Rb hvÎx bv Avmvq gv_vwcQz fvov 3 UvKv e„w× †cj| ev‡m hvÎx msL¨v Ges gv_vwcQz fvovi
cwigvY wbY©q Kiæb|
2. wkÿv md‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ evm fvov Kiv nj| AvMÖnx hvÎxi msL¨v hZ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K ZZ UvKv evm fvov avh©
Kiv nj| 12 Rb hvÎx bv Avmvq gv_vwcQz fvov 15 UvKv e„w× †cj| evm fvovi cwigvY wbY©q Kiæb|
3. GKwU †PŠev”Pvi wZbwU bj Av‡Q| 1g I 2q bj Øviv 12 Ges 18 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq Ges 3q bj Øviv Lvwj
nq| wZbwU bj GKms‡M Ly‡j w`‡j †PŠev”PvwU 36 wgwb‡U c~Y© nq| 3q bj Øviv †PŠev”PvwU KZ wgwb‡U Lvwj
n‡e?
4. GK e¨w³ 20500 UvKvq `yBwU Miæ µq Ki‡jb| GKB `v‡g Miæ `yBwU weµq K‡i †`L‡jb GKwU‡Z 15%
jvf Ges AvciwU‡Z 10% ÿwZ n‡q‡Q| Miæ `yBwUi µqg~j¨ wbY©q Kiæb|
5. µqg~‡j¨i kZKiv KZ nv‡i evwo‡q g~j¨ avh© Ki‡j †µZv‡K 10% Kwgkb w`‡qI 20% jvf _vK‡e wbY©q
Kiæb|
6. †Kvb g~jab 6 eQ‡i wظY nq| evwl©K gybvdvi nvi wbY©q Kiæb|
7. kZKiv evwl©K 4 UvKv nvi Pµe„w× gybvdvi 1250 UvKvi 2 erm‡ii gybvdvg~j I Pµe„w× gybvdv wbY©q
Kiæb|
8. 12% nvi gybvdvq 750 UvKvq KZ erm‡ii gybvdv 450 UvKv n‡e?
9. 300 UvKvi 4 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv I 400 UvKvi 5 eQ‡ii mij gybvdv GK‡Î 148 UvKv n‡j, kZKiv
gybvdvi nvi wbY©q Kiæb|
10. kZKiv evwl©K 5 UvKv nvi mij gybvdvq KZ UvKvi 13 eQ‡i me„w×g~j 985 UvKv n‡e?
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb-
1. x 2 5 x 6 Gi Drcv`K wb‡Pi †Kvb&&wU?
(K) x 2x 3 (L) x 2 x 3 (M) x 2 x 3 (N) x 2x 3
1 1
2. x 2 n‡j x 3 3 Gi gvb †Kvb&&wU?
x x
(K) 10 (L) 2 (M) 14 (N) 16
3. a a b b 8 Ges a ab b 4 n‡j
4 2 2 4 2 2
1 1
(K) x KZ? (L) x 3 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
x x3
1
(M) cÖgvY Kiæb, x 5 123
x5
6. x 2 1 3 x n‡j,
1 1
(K) x KZ? (L) cÖgvY Kiæb, x 4 119
x x4
1
(M) ii n‡Z cÖgvY Kiæb †h, x 3
x
7. a b c 6 Ges a b c 14 n‡j
2 2 2
(K) †¯ªv‡Zi AbyK~‡ji †eM Ges cÖwZK~‡ji †eM mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiæb|
(L) DÏxcK n‡Z 8uvv 2 u 2 Gi gvb wbY©q Kiæb|
(M) †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯’vb n‡Z 18 wK.wg. c_ AwZµg K‡i Avevi wd‡i Avm‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e wbY©q Kiæb|
14. wbw`©ó nvi gybvdvq wKQz UvKv GK eQiv‡šÍ g~j 650 UvKv Ges `yB eQiv‡šÍ Pµe„w×g~j 676 UvKv
(K) Dc‡ii Z_¨¸‡jv mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiæb|
(L) g~jab I gybvdvi nvi wbY©q Kiæb|
(M) KZ eQ‡i H cwigvY g~jab 5% Pµe„w× gybvdvi wظY n‡e, wbY©q Kiæb|
15. Rwni I ivqnvb GKB e¨vsK †_‡K GKB w`‡b 10% nvi mij gybvdvi Avjv`v Avjv`v cwigvY A_© avi
K‡i| Rwni `yB eQ‡i gybvdv-Avm‡j hZ UvKv †kva K‡i, ivqnvb wZb eQ‡i gybvdv-Avm‡j ZZ UvKv †kva
K‡i-
(K) Rwni I ivqnv‡bi F‡Yi cwigvY x I y UvKv n‡j Zv‡`i F‡Yi my` Kvi KZ UvKv n‡e wbY©q Kiæb|
(L) Zv‡`i F‡Yi AbycvZ KZ?
(M) †gvU FY 20,000 UvKv n‡j, Kvi FY KZ UvKv n‡e?