ALDERSGATE COLLEGE

Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
GEC 2 Readings in Philippine History
Final Test

April Rose Pale

BSIT-1B

Test I. True or False

Direction: Write T if the statement is true. Otherwise, Write F if the statement is false. Write the
answer on your test booklets.
T 1. Historical interpretation is based on the historian’s judgement on how the past should be seen.
T 2. We make sense of the past through historical interpretation.
T 3. Multiperspectivity is a quality of historical writing attributed to a variety of lenses that may be
used to view the past.
T 4. There is only one account of the First catholic Mass in the Philippines.
T 5. The significance of the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA is questioned by historians.
T 6. The Cavite Mutiny is an event that led to the execution of the GOMBURZA.
T 7. Jose Rizal’s essay go against the Catholic faith.
T 8. There is no doubt that Rizal retracted his writings to be able to marry Josephine Bracken.
T 9. The Cry of Rebellion happened in the present day Quezon City.
T 10. The site of the monument of the Heroes of 1896 was chosen because this is actual place where
the cry of Rebellion happened.
T 11. Geoffrey Barraclough defines history as “the attempt to discover, on the basis of fragmentary
evidence, the significant things about the past.
T 12. He also notes “the history we read though based on facts is not factual at all, but a series of
accepted judgements.
T 13. A non-historian interpreting a primary source may even cause misunderstandings, sometimes,
even resulting in more problems.
T 14. “Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang sariling wika/salita, mas higit pa sa hayop at malansang isda”
was taken from Rizal’s “A las Flores De Heidelberg”
T 15. Historical writing in general, is by definition, biased, partial and contains preconceptions.
T 16. Interpretation of the past does vary according to who reads the primary source, when it was
read, and how it was read.
F 17. Interpretations of historical events does not change as time goes on.
T 18. Exploring multiple perspectives in history requires incorporating source materials that reflect
different views of an event in history because singular.
T 19. The GOMBURZA were executed by firing squad in public, a scene purportedly witnessed by a
young Jose Rizal.
F 20. There were only five Constitutions that have effectively governed the Philippines.
F 21. The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was a result of the passage in the US Congress of the
Hare-Hawes Cutting Act.
T 22. The Philippine Commonwealth Constitution was interrupted by the Cold War.
T 23. Before 1973, the Constitution is effect in the Philippines was the 1935 constitution.
T 24. Land ownership in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was a great source of
hatred and resentment among the Filipinos.
F 25. The American period ushered in a great improvement in land ownership in the country.
T 26. Agrarian reform under Ferdinand Marcos was a failure.
F 27. The cedula personal was optional during the Spanish period.
T 28. Direct taxation was suggested by the Americans after the World War II, but then President
Manuel Roxas declined it.
F 29. The VAT or Value Added Tax was introduced during the time of President Elpidio Quirino.
T 30. The Sin Tax Reform is a good example on how tax reform could impact social services.

II Multiple choice
Direction: Choose under which classification are each of the following events and developments
associated with. Write only the letter of your choice on your test booklet.
A. Evolution of the Philippine Constitution.
A. 1897 Constitution of Biak Na Bato
B. 1899 Malolos Constitution
C. 1935 The Commonwealth Constitution
D. 1973 Constitutional Authoritarianism
E. 1987 Constitution after Martial Law
E 31. A transitional constitution to last for a while a Constitutional commission drafted a permanent
constitution.
C 32. The constitution was supposed to introduce a parliamentary-style government, where legislative
power was vested in a unicameral National.
C 33. The constitution was crafted to meet the approval of the US government, and to ensure that the
US would live up to its promise to great independence to the Philippines.
B 34. The constitution was patterned after the Spanish Constitution of 1812, with influences from the
charters of Belgium, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Guatemala.
A 35. It was the provisionary Constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution.
A 36. The constitution, barrowed from Cuba, was written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferer in
Spanish, and later on, translated into Tagalog.
B 37. The form of government according to Title II, Article 4 is to be popular, representative,
alternative, and responsible and shall exercise three distinct powers legislative, executive and judicial.
C 38. The Constitution created the commonwealth of the Philippines an administrative body that
governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946.
C 39. It originally provided for a unicameral National Assembly with a President and Vice-President
elected to a six-year term without re-election.
C 40. It was amended in 1940 to have a Bicameral Congress composed of a Senate and House of
Representatives, as well as the creation of an independent electoral commission and limited terms for
the President and Vice-President to four years, with one re-election.
D 41. The president was to be elected as the symbolic and ceremonial head of state chosen from the
members of the National Assembly.
E 42. The president would serve a six-year term and could be re-elected to an unlimited number of
terms.
D 43. Executive power was relegated to the Prime Minister, who was also the head of government
and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
E 44. This transitional constitution, called the Freedom constitution, maintained many provisions of
the old one, including in rewritten form the presidential right to rule by decree.
E 45. The constitution also established three independent Constitutional Commissions, namely, the
Civil Service, Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit.
E 46. Aside from the exclusive power of legislation, Congress may also declare war through a two-
thirds vote in both upper and lower houses.
E 47. To further promote the ethical and lawful conduct of the government, the office of the
Ombudsman was created to investigate complaints pertaining to public corruption, unlawful behavior
of public officials, etc.
E 48. Only the house of Representatives can initiate the impeachment of the president, members of
the Supreme Court, and other constitutionally protected public officials.
E 49. Through “Peoples Initiative” amendments of the Constitution may be proposed by the people
upon petition of at least 12% of the total number of registered voters.
D 50. The constitution was amended several times: in 1976 Citizen Assemblies allowed the
construction of Martial Law, approved the amendments: An Interim Batasang Pambansa to substitute
Interim National Assembly the president to also become the Prime Minister, etc.
B. Policies on Agrarian Reform
A. Land ownership under Spain
B. land ownership under the Americans
C. Postwar Interventions Agrarian Reforms
D. Post 1986 Agrarian Reform
C 51. It enable the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from land owners who were
paid in exchange by the government through just compensation and to retain not more than five
hectares.
D 52. CARP was limited because it accomplished very little during the administration of Corazon
Aquino.
D 53. Under the term of President Ramos CARP implementation was speeded in order to meet the
ten-year time-frame, despite limitations and constraints in funding, logistics participation of involved
sectors.
D 54. In 1988, the Congress passed RA#6657 or the Comprehensive Reform Law (CARL) which
introduced the program with the same name Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 55. Presidential Decree no. 27 or the Code of
Agrarian Reform of the Philippines become the core of the Agrarian reform program.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 56. “Operation Land Transfer” on the lands
occupied by tenants of more than seven hectares on rice and corn lands commenced.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 57. Under the rice self-sufficiency program
“Masagana 99” farmers were able to borrow from banks and purchased three hectares plots of lands
and Agricultural inputs.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 58. Title to land acquired pursuant to this
Decree on Land reform program of the government shall not be succession or to the Government in
accordance with the provision of this Decree, the Code of Agrarian Reforms and other existing laws
and regulations.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 59. Because only rice lands were the focus of
agrarian reform, some landlords only needed to change crops to be exempted from the program,
such as coconut and sugar lands.
AGRARIAN REFORM EFFORTS UNDER MARCOS 60. Lands worked by wage labor were also
exempted from the program so the landed elite only had to evict their tenants and hired workers
instead.
C 61. The administration of President Roxas passed Republic Act no. 34 to establish a 70-30 sharing
arrangement between tenant and landlord, which reduced the interest of landowners’ loans to
tenants.
C 62. The government also attempted to redistribute hacienda lands, falling prey to the woes of
similar attempts since no support was given to small farmers.
C 63. The Agricultural Land Reform Code was passed and share tenancy in the Philippines was
abolished and prescribed a program to convert tenant farmers to lessees and later on owner-
cultivator.
C 64. Under the term of President Elpidio Quirino, the Land settlement Development Corporation
(LASADECO) was established to accelerate resettlement programs for peasants.
C 65. Later the LASADECO became the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration
under the administration of President Magsaysay.
B 66. The Philippine Bill of 1902 provided regulations on the disposal of public lands. Wherein a
private individual may own 16 hectares of land while corporate landholders may have 1,024 hectares.
B 67. Landownership did not improve, it even worsened because there was no limit to the sized of
land holdings people could possess.
B 68. Many were forced to return to tenancy and wealthy Filipinos hacienderos purchased or
forcefully took over lands from farmers who could not afford to pay their debts.
B 69. The system introduced by the Americans enabled more lands to be placed under tenancy
which led to widespread peasant uprising such as the colorum and Sakdal uprising in Luzon.
A 70. Families were not allowed to own their land-the Spanish King owned the land. Filipinos were
assigned to these lands to cultivate them.
A 71. The encomienda system and later on the hacienda system were introduced wherein the
Spanish government implemented policies that would fast tract the entry of the capitalist world.
C Evolution of Philippine Taxation
A. Taxation in Spanish Philippines
B. Taxation under the Americans
C. Commonwealth Period
D. Fiscal Policy from 1946 to present
A 72. It altered the subsistence system as the government imposed the payment of tributos (tributes)
from the Filipinos.
A 73. The difficulty in revenue collection were solved by introducing the system of reduccion by
creating pueblos where Filipinos were awarded plots of land to till.
A 74. In 1884-the payment of tribute was put to a stop and was replaced by a poll tax collected
through a certificate of identification called cedula personal.
B 75. Later on the Urbana was replaced by a tax on real estate, which become known as the land
tax.
B 76. The problem with land tax was that the land titling in the rural area was very disorderly; the
appraising of land value was influenced by political and familial factors.
B 77. The Internal Revenue Law of 1904 was passed as a reaction to the problems of collecting land
tax.
B 78. New sources of taxes were introduced later on such as income tax, inheritance act and a
national lottery was established to create more revenue for the government.
C 79. In 1939, the government drafted the National Interim Revenue Code, introducing more changes
in the new tax system like the normal tax of three percent and the surtax on income replaced
by a single tax.
D 80. The presidencies of Magsaysay, Garcia and Macapagal studied the tax structure of the country
through the creation of a Tax Commission in 1959 by means of RA#2211
D 81. A major reform in tax system introduced under the term of Aquino was the introduction of the
Value Added Tax (VAT)
D 82. A greater political stability during the administration of Fidel Ramos in 1992 allowed for
economic growth.
D 83. In 1997 a tax reform program was implemented through The Comprehensive Tax Reform
Program.
D 84. The government had to look for additional source of revenue like the Expanded Value Added
Tax RA#9337
D 85. The administration ventured into the adjustment of excise tax on liquor and cigarette or the SIN
Tax Reform.
D 86. The administration of President Rodrigo Duterte promised to limit Vat exemptions and increase
excise taxes on petroleum products and automobiles.

III Acronyms
Direction: Identify or spell out the following acronyms in order to give meaning or describe
each them. Write the answers on your test booklets.
87-88 E-VAT = Expanded Value Added Tax, is a law that increased sin taxes.
89-90 BIR = Bureau of Internal Revenue, is reminding the business, banking and financial
sectors.
91-92 CEDULA = Community Tax Certificate means any of various official documents or
certificates in Spain, Latin America or the Philippines; such as a permit.
93-94 Polo Y Servicio = also known as Spanish term and practice, that required the forced
labor of all Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old for 40-day periods.
95-96 CARP = Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program that enables the redistribution of
agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners.
97-98 Encomiendero = it is a deputy charged by the crown with responsibility for the support of
the indigenous people and their moral and religious welfare.
99-100 ARMM = Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
101-105 Federalism Government = is a system of government in which the same territory is
controlled by two levels of government.

Prepared by: Checked by:

MR. BENJAMIN C. DULATRE DEBORA B. SAMPAGA

Assistant Professor Dean, College of Arts, Sciences and Education