Design and Analysis of Residential Building: Submitted by

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
A Project Report
Submitted By
NAVEEN 1MS16CV060
N SATYA MANOHAR 1MS16CV058
ALOK RAJ 1MS16CV009
MURALIDARGOUDA
BHAGAVANTAGOUDAR 1MS16CV056
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering

M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
Bengaluru-560054
May 2016
Department of Civil Engineering

M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
Bengaluru-560054
Certificate
Certified that this project report “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” is the bonafide work of
“Naveen(1MS16CV060), N Satya Manohar(1MS16CV058), Alok
Raj(1MS16CV009), Muralidargouda Bhagavantagoudar(1MS16CV056)”
who carried out the project work under my supervision. The project is
completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil of M S Ramaiah Institute of
Technology Bengaluru for the year 2016-2017. It is also certified that all
corrections/ suggestion indicated for has been incorporated in the report. The
project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of project work prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree.
Harish M L Dr. C G Puttappa Dr. N V R Naidu
Faculty Adviser Prof and Head-Civil Principal-MSRIT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our great pleasure to express our immense gratitude to

those who have given us the opportunity to expand my
knowledge for my branch. I would like to express our sincere
thanks to Harish M L, Associate Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering, and giving me guidelines and valuable
support to present a technical seminar. timely advice and
constant encouragement without which this seminar would
have been incomplete.
I would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. C. G.
Puttappa, Head of Department and Vice-Principal,
Department of Civil Engineering, RIT for giving me such a
wonderful opportunity to expand my knowledge for my
branch.
I would also like to thank Dr. N. V. R Naidu, Principal, RIT
for the constant support.
Finally, I would also like to thank our college for providing us
this opportunity to gain knowledge.
ABSTRACT
STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a structural analysis and design computer program originally

developed by Research Engineers International in Yorba Linda, CA. In late 2005, Research
Engineer International was bought by Bentley Systems.
The collected data is analysed and a 3-D model is generated using STAAD Pro. The various
loads acting on the structure is calculated and the structure is analysed for the various load
combinations. Design of the building is done. The obtained results are analysed. Manual
calculation and design of slabs, beams, staircase and columns are done. Also the design of the
pile foundation and pile cap is done.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.AIM AND SCOPE OF WORK 1
1.2.SPECIFICATIONS 1
1.3.DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES 2
1.4.COMPONENTS OF THE STRUCTURE 3
1.4.1. DEEP FOUNDATION
3
1.4.1.1. SOIL TESTING
4
1.4.1.2. MIX DESIGN(FOR CONCRETING PILE)
4
1.4.1.3. CONCRETING OF PILE HOLE
4
1.4.2. PILE CAP
4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1.BYE LAWS IN PLANNING 5
2.1.1. MERCANTILE OR COMMERCIAL OCCUPANCY
5
2.1.2. MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM ROAD
5
2.1.3. SETBACK CRITERIA
6
2.1.4. SAFETY PROVISINS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
6
2.1.5. HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
7
2.1.6. PARKING REQUIREMENTS
7
2.1.7. FLOOR AREA RATIO(FAR) CRITERION
7
2.1.8. COVERAGE CRITERION
7
2.1.9. PARKING PLANNING
8
2.1.10. FUNCTIONAL PLANNING
8
2.2.DESIGN CODES 15
2.3.BOOKS 17
3. ANALYSIS 18
3.1.STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 18
3.2.ACTIONS 18
3.3.RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES 18
3.4.LOADS ACTING 18
3.4.1. DEAD LOADS
19
3.4.2. LIVE LOADS
20
3.4.3. WIND LOADS

22
3.4.4. EARTHQUAKE LOADS
22
4. INTRODUCTION TO STAAD 26
4.1.STEPS INVOLVED 27
4.1.1. GENERATION OF NODES
28
4.1.2. MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE
28
4.1.3. ASSIGNING OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
28
4.1.4. RESTRAINTS
29
4.1.5. APPLICATION OF LOADS
29
4.1.6. RUN ANALYSIS
30
5. METHODOLOGY 31
6. LOAD CALCULATION 32
6.1.CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS 32
6.2.CALCULTION OF SEISMIC LOADS 33
6.2.1. GRAVITY LOAD CALCULATIONS
33
6.3.ASSUMPTIONS 38
6.4.LOAD COMBINATIONS 39
7. DESIGN OF STRUCTURE 41
7.1.DESIGN OBJECTIVES 41
7.2.DESIGN CRITERIA 41
7.3.DESIGN PROCESS 42
7.4.DETAILING 42
8. MANUAL DESIGN 43
8.1.DESIGN OF BEAMS 43
8.1.1. BEAM 8
43
8.2.DESIGN OF COLUMNS 45
8.2.1. COLUMN 995 45
8.3.DESIGN OF SLABS 50
8.3.1. SLAB S1
50
8.4.DESIGN OF STAIRS 51
8.4.1. MAIN STAIRCASE
51
9. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION 52
9.1.INTRODUCTION 52 9.2. PILE DESIGN THEORY 52
9.3. PILE CAPACITY DETERMINATION 53 9.4. PILE GROUP
DETERMINATION 54
9.5.ANALYSIS OF PILES 55
9.6.DESIGN OF PILES 55 9.7. DESIGN OF TIES 58

9.8. DESIGN OF PILE CAP 59
10.CONCLUSION 63 11. REFERENCE 64
LIST OF TABLES
1. Live loads 21
2. Wind intensity calculation 33
3. Distribution of hori. earthquake force along height of building 38
4. Pile groups & column classification based on loads 55
5. Max. Axial and lateral loads in a pile group 55
6. Abstract of design of piles 59
7. Abstract of pile cap design 62
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Elevation of the Hostel Building 11

2. Ground Floor Plan 12
3. First Floor Plan 13
4. 3D View 14
5. Dead Loads 20
6. Live Loads 21
7. Earthquake Load in +X direction 23
8. Earthquake Load in +Z direction 24
9. Earthquake Load in -X direction 24 10. Earthquake Load in -Z
direction 25
11.STAAD.Pro Window 27
12.Modelling of the structure 28
13.Restraints 29 14. Run Analysis 30 15. Load
Combinations 40
16.Beam NO:8 45
17.Column No:995 49
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 AIM AND SCOPE OF WORK
Human life is affected due to nature’s forces like floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes etc.
The structural design for a building must ensure that the building is able to stand safely, to
function without excessive deflections or movements which may cause fatigue of structural
elements, cracking or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or discomfort for occupants. It
must account for movements and forces due to temperature, creep, cracking and imposed loads.
It must also ensure that the design is practically buildable within acceptable manufacturing
tolerances of the materials. It must allow the architecture to work, and the building services to fit
within the building such that it is functionable (air conditioning, ventilation, lighting etc.).
The aim of this project work is to analyze a 5-storeyed hostel building for different load
combinations using STAAD Pro software. Based on the analysis, design of the structure is done
mainly in accordance with IS specifications.
1.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
The limit state method is adopted for the analysis and design of the structure. IS codes, SP-16
and SP-32 charts are also used as an aid for detailing and design purpose.
The major requirements of a properly designed building are:
(a) GOOD STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION: Its size, shape and structural system
carrying loads are such that they ensure a direct and smooth flow of inertia forces to the ground.
(b) LATERAL STRENGTH: The maximum lateral (horizontal) force that it can resist is
such that the damage induced in it does not result in collapse.
(c) ADEQUATE STIFFNESS: Its lateral load resisting system is such that the
earthquakeinduced deformations in it do not damage its contents under low-to moderate shaking.
(d) GOOD DUCTILITY: Its capacity to undergo large deformations under severe
earthquake shaking even after yielding is improved by favourable design and detailing strategies.
1
1.3 COMPONENTS OF THE STRUCTURE
The components of the structure are mainly classified into
(a) Superstructure
(b) Substructure
Superstructure is the part of the building that lies above the ground line. These are subjected to
lateral loads like the wind load, earthquake load, and other dead and live loads.
Substructure is the foundation of the building. The type of foundation adopted for the hostel
building under consideration is pile foundation.
1.3.1 PILE FOUNDATION
A deep foundation is a type of foundation distinguished by the depth on which they are
embedded into the ground. Piles are generally driven into the ground in situ. The types of piling
are DMC Piling and rotary piling.
In DMC Pile Foundation the bentonite suspension is pumped into the bottom of the hole through
the drill rods and it overflows at the top of the casing. The mud pump should have the capacity to
maintain a velocity of 0.41 to 0.76 m/s, to float the cuttings.
The depth of piling was decided by testing the underground soil samples (to obtain level bed). It
is not possible in hard rocks. Tremie pipe is inserted into pile holes for pile concreting.
2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 BYE LAWS IN PLANNING

2.1.1 MERCANTILE OR HOSTEL OCCUPANCY
Apartment means a part of a building intended for any type of independent use including one or
more rooms or enclosed spaces located on one or more floors or parts thereof in a building,
intended to be used for residential purposes and with a direct exit to a public street, road or
highway or to a common area, leading to such street, road or highway. This word is synonymous
with residential flat. No land development or redevelopment shall be made or no building shall
be constructed on any plot on any part of which there is deposited refuse, excreta or other
offensive matter which in the opinion of the Secretary is considered objectionable, until such
refuse, excreta or other offensive matter has been removed there from and the plot has been
prepared or left in a manner suitable for land development or building purpose for the
satisfaction of the Secretary.
The rear yard shall be not less than 1.5m depth. Parking building/parking plazas/parking towers
shall have minimum 5m open space all around the building. Not more than 15% of the total floor
area of the parking building shall be permitted for shop or restaurant or hotel or office purpose.
2.1.2 MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM THE ROAD
For buildings above 10m in height, in addition to the minimum front, rear and side open spaces
required for height upto 10m, there shall be provided proportionate increase in such minimum
open space at the rate of 0.5m per every 3m height exceeding 10m.
No construction or hanging of any sort shall be permitted to project outside the boundaries of the
site.
Every open space provided, either interior or exterior shall be kept free from any erection thereon
and shall be open to the sky and only cornice, roof or whether shade not more than 0.6m width
3
shall overhang or project over the said open space so as to reduce the width to less than the
minimum required.
2.1.3 SETBACK CRITERIA
The minimum distance between the plot boundary abutting any street other than National
Highways, State Highways, District Roads and other roads notified by the municipality and the
building, other than a compound wall or fence or outdoor display structure, shall be minimum
1.50 metres. Front yard shall have minimum 1.00 metre width.Minimum setbacks required for a
residential building of 10m height above ground level as per KMBR is:
Front yard = 3m
Rear yard = 3m
Side clearance = 1.5m on either sides

Horizontal distance from the centre line of the street = 7.5m
2.1.4 SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
High rise building means a building having more than four floors and or 15m of height from
ground level. Every high rise building shall have at least two staircases. The height of the
handrail in the staircase shall not be less than 90cm and if balusters are provided no gap in the
balusters shall be more than 10cm wide.
Every slab or balcony overlooking any exterior or interior open space, 2m or more below shall be
provided with parapet walls or guard rails of height not less than 1.20m and such guard rails shall
be firmly fixed to the walls and slabs and may also be of blank walls, metal grills or a
combination of both.
Every high rise building shall be provided with a fire escape stairway. External fire escape
staircase shall have straight flight not less than 75 cm wide, with 20 cm treads and risers not
more than 19 cm. the number of risers shall be limited to 16 per flight. The height of handrails
shall be not less than 100 cm and not more than 120 cm. Every opening provided to ducts from
the interior of a building is closed with strong materials.
4
2.1.5 HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
The maximum height of the building or part thereof shall not exceed twice the width of the street
abutting the plot plus twice the width of the yard from the building to the abutting street and this
height may further be increased proportionately at the rate of 3m for every 50cm, by which the
building or the corresponding portion or floor of the building is set back from the building line.
2.1.6 PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Parking requirements shall be reduced in proportion to the percentage of land surrendered to the
extent that after such deduction a minimum of 75% of the parking required as per these rules
shall be provided.
2.1.7 FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) CRITERION
It is the ratio of the total floor area on all floors to the plot area. KBR limits the maximum value
to 2.5.
Floor Area Ratio
2.1.8 COVERAGE CRITERION
It is the ratio of plinth area to the area of the plot. Kits restricted to a maximum value of 65, for
hostel complexes, as per KMBR.
Coverage
5
2.1.9 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING
Since the building is to be utilized for large dormitory rooms, large uninterrupted floor spaces are
provided. Column spacing is provided to generate sufficient dormitory area ranges between 6
and 10m.
Considering these planning aspects model of the proposed building is generated in STAAD Pro
and is designed and analysed.
2.2 DESIGN CODES

The various IS codes used for the project includes:
IS 456:2000 Indian Standard plain and reinforced concrete code of practice.
IS 456:2000, which is the key code for the design of all reinforced concrete (RC) structures has
added new dimensions to the present scenario and its relevance in designing earthquake-resistant
structures is to be seen in true perspective. IS 456:2000 recommends the use of IS 13920: 1993
and IS 4326: 1993 for detailing of earthquake resistant constructions
IS 1893 (Part I):2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (5th
Revision)
This standard contains provisions that are general in nature and applicable to all structures. Also,
it contains provisions that are specific to buildings only. It covers general principles and design
criteria, combinations, design spectrum, main attributes of buildings, dynamic analysis, apart
from seismic zoning map and seismic coefficients of important towns, map showing epicenters,
map showing tectonic features and lithological map of India.
It is not intended in this standard to lay down regulation so that no structure shall suffer any
damage during earthquake of all magnitudes. It has been endeavored to ensure that as far as,
possible structures are able to respond, without structural damage to shocks of moderate
intensities and without total collapse to shocks of heavy intensities.
IS 875 (Part 2):1987 R 1197 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures - Imposed loads
6
IS 875 (Part 2) deals with various live loads to be considered for design of buildings.
IS 875 (Part3):1987 R 1197Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures - Wind Loads
IS 875 (Part 3) deals with wind loads to be considered when designing buildings, structures and
components.
USE OF SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

IS 456 has structural practice handbook SP:16-1980, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to
IS:456-1978 has tables and charts that helps in rapidly design simple sections. Even though the
design aid is based on the 1978 code, it continues to be used without revision as there have been
no major changes to Structural Design (Limit State Method), on which the design aid is based.
2.3 BOOKS
Design of RCC Structures by B. C. Punmia
The concepts and principles of design of various structural members including beams, columns,
stairs, slabs, footings etc. are explained in detail.
Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete by P. C. Varghese
Reinforced Concrete Design by S. N. Sinha
Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design by Ashok K Jain
Basic & Applied Soil Mechanics by Gopal Ranjan & A. S. R. Rao
Geotechnical Engineering by K. R. Arora
3. BUILDING DETAILS
7
The Elevation(Fig. 1), Ground Floor Plan(Fig. 2), First Floor Plan(Fig. 3) and a 3D
view(Fig. 4) of the hostel building is provided.
Fig. 1 Elevation of the Hostel building
8
Fig. 2 Ground Floor Plan
9
Fig. 3 First, Second, Third Floor Plan
Fig.4 3-D view
10
4. ANALYSIS
A structure consists of an assembly of individual structural elements such as truss elements,
beams, columns, slabs, cable or arch proportioned to resist the loads and forces.
4.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
It’s the calculation of the response of the structures to actions.
4.2 ACTIONS
An action is a physical phenomenon that produces stress and deformation in the structures.
Actions include:
• Loads(self weight)
• Variation in temperature
• Settlement of support
4.3 RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES
It’s the physical change produced in structure due to action on structures. It includes,
• External Force quantities – Reactions

• Internal Force quantities – Bending Moment, Shear, Axial force and stress
• Displacement quantities – Deflection and Strain
The response of structure is calculated mathematically.
11
4.4 LOADS ACTING
Loads can usually be considered to be primary or secondary. Secondary loads are those loads due
to temperature changes, construction eccentricities, shrinkage of structural materials, settlement
of foundations, or other such loads. Despite the fact that each and every load and loading
combination should be considered in order to reduce the chance of structural failure, the
determination of the loading remains a statistical exercise. Each and every load cannot be
foreseen; thus, it is critical to determine the worst case that is reasonable to assume to act upon
the structure. The sources of primary loading include the materials from which the structure was
built, the occupants, their furniture, and various weather conditions, as well as unique loading
conditions experienced during construction, extreme weather and natural catastrophes.
Primary loads are divided into DEAD LOADS and LIVE LOADS. When considering the
possible combinations of these two categories of loading, the odds of certain loads occurring
simultaneously are assumed to be null.
CALCULATION: The loads taken for analysis are dead load, live load, wind load and seismic
load. Since the structure will be erected in zone-3, seismic design should also be done. The
loading standards ensure structural safety and eliminate wastage that may be caused due to
unnecessary heavy loading without proper assessment.
4.4.1 DEAD LOADS

Dead Loads are those loads which are considered to act permanently; they are "dead," stationary,
and unable to be removed. The self-weight of the structural members normally provides the
largest portion of the dead load of a building. Permanent non-structural elements such as roofing,
concrete, flooring, pipes, ducts, interior partition walls, Environmental Control Systems
machinery, elevator machinery and all other construction systems within a building must also be
included in the calculation of the total dead load.
It is calculated as per IS 875 (Part-1):1987. Unit weight of RCC and brickwork is adopted as
25kN/m3 and 20 kN/m3 respectively. Fig. 5 shows how Dead Load is input in STAAD Pro.
12
Fig. 5 Dead Load
4.4.2 LIVE LOADS
Live loads, referred to as probabilistic loads or imposed loads, are temporary, of short duration,
or moving. These dynamic loads may involve considerations such as impact, momentum,
vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids, fatigue, etc.
The magnitudes of live loads are difficult to determine with the same degree of accuracy that is
possible with dead loads. They are determined from code provisions. The load assumed to be
produced due to intended use or occupancy of a building including the weight of movable
13
partitions, distributed and concentrated loads, impact and vibration loads, excluding wind load,
seismic load and stress due to variation in temperature etc, are obtained from IS 875
(Part-2):1987. Fig. 6 shows the STAAD provision for including Live Load and the magnitude of
Live Loads for different parts of the building is given in Table 1.
Fig 6. Live Load
14
4.4.3 WIND LOADS
Wind is the relative motion of air to the surface of the earth. Wind speed in atmospheric
boundary layer increases with height form zero at ground level to maximum at gradient height,
the slight change in wind direction, within this height is neglected.
Typically, buildings are designed to resist a strong wind with a very long return period, such as
50 years or more. The design wind speed is determined from historical records using Extreme
value theory to predict future extreme wind speeds.
4.4.4 EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application
of an earthquake-generated agitation to a structure. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure
either with the ground, or with adjacent structures, or with gravity waves from tsunami.
Seismic loading depends, primarily, on:
• Anticipated earthquake’s parameters at the site - known as seismic hazard

• Geotechnical parameters of the site
• Structure’s parameters
Sometimes, seismic load exceeds ability of a structure to resist it without being broken, partially
or completely. Due to their mutual interaction, seismic loading and seismic performance of a
structure are intimately related. Fig. 7,8,9,10 shows how EQ load is included in the analysis
using STAAD Pro.
15
Fig. 7 Earthquake Load in +X direction
16
Fig. 8 Earthquake Load in +Z direction
Fig. 9 Earthquake Load in – X direction
17
Fig 10 Earthquake Load in –Z direction
5. INTRODUCTION TO STAAD
The stress analysis on the fields of civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering is invariably
complex and for many of the problems, it is extremely difficult to obtain analytical solutions. For
most of the practical problems, the engineer resorts to numerical methods that provide
approximate but acceptable solutions. With the advent of computers, software’s were developed
for the analysis of structures of complex shapes and complicated boundary conditions. A number
of packages are hostelly available for wide range of applications. STAAD is one among them.
The major features are:
(i) Element library

(ii) Analysis capabilities and range of library
- linear static analysis
- heat transfer analysis
- non- linear static analysis
- stability analysis
- dynamic analysis
- coupled field analysis
(iii) Types of loading
(iv) Boundary conditions
(v) Material properties and models
(vi) Pre and Post processing
STAAD Pro is widely used software for structural analysis and design from research
engineers international. It is capable of analyzing and designing structures consisting of frame,
plate bar-shell and solid elements. It consists of GUI and analysis and design engine. The
STAAD analysis and design engine is a general purpose calculation engine for structural analysis
and integrated steel concrete, timber and aluminium design. Fig. 11 shows a typical STAAD Pro
Window.
18
Fig. 11 STAAD.Pro Window
5.1 STEPS INVOLVED
STAAD Pro 2004 is an effective software tool for the analysis and design of structural members.
Hence this software could be used to design a structure against earthquake. The software follows
the matrix stiffness principle in analyzing the structure. The steps for analyzing a structure using
STAAD Pro 2004 are given below.
• Generation of Nodes
• Modelling of the Structure
• Assigning of the structural members
• Restraints
• Application of loads
• Run analysis
19
5.1.1 GENERATION OF NODES
The nodes are generated based on the dimensions of the building. The building is divided into
equal number of known grids. Then the grid spacing is given on the STAAD PRO 2004 window.
The software automatically generates grids with specified spacing.
5.1.2 MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE
After the nodes are created they are joined with line elements(Fig. 12). Based on the dimension
of the building the nodes are joined. Unwanted nodes could be deleted.
Fig. 12 Modeling of the structure
5.1.3 ASSIGNING OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
The software has the facility to assign the structural elements. The line elements have to be
assigned as beams and columns and appropriate dimensions are given.
20
5.1.4 RESTRAINTS
After the structure has been modeled the restraints has to be given. Usually fixed supports are
given(Fig. 13)
Fig. 13 Restraints
5.1.5 APPLICATION OF LOADS
There are various loads acting on a structure. Our project study constitutes the analysis of the
following loads
• Self Weight
• Gravity Load
• Wind Load
• Seismic Load
The loads are applied on the structure as gravity loads (Dead and live loads), Joint loads (Seismic
loads). After the application of different loads, combination of loads has to be specified as
mentioned in IS 456:2000.
21
5.1.6 RUN ANALYSIS
When the last step, run analysis is executed it shows “Analysis complete”, which indicates the
termination of analysis process(Fig. 14).
Based on the analysis results, the building is designed in accordance with the provisions
mentioned in the Indian Standard Codes.
Fig. 14 Run Analysis
22
6. METHODOLOGY
The various steps involved in the project are:
• Data Collection
• Analysis of the data
• Model generation
• Load calculation
• Building analysis
• Design of building
• Result analysis
• Manual calculation and design of slabs, beams, staircase and columns
• Design of pile foundation and pile cap
23
7. LOAD CALCULATION
Dead loads and live loads are given as per code provisionsIS 875 (Part I):1987 is used for dead
loads and IS 875 (Part-II):1987, for live loads.
Wind loads and Seismic loads have to be calculated according to IS 875 (Part-III):1987 and IS
875 (Part-IV):1987 respectively. The calculation procedure is shown as follows.
7.1 CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS
The basic wind speed (Vb) for different wind zones of India are obtained from IS 875 (Part-
III):1987 form which, the basic wind speed for each storey height ‘z’ is calculated as per the equation
(1).
Vz = Vb× k1×k2× k3 Pz = 0.6Vz2 (N/m2)
Where,
Vz = Design speed at any height ‘z’, in m/s.
Vb = Regional basic wind speed(as per Appendix A, IS 875 (Part III) 1987) k 1
= Probability factor as per Clause 5.3.1, IS 875 (Part-III):1987
k2 = Terrain, height and structure size height as per Clause 5.3.2, IS 875
(Part-III):1987 k3 = Topography factor, as per Clause 5.3.3, IS
875 (Part-III):1987 Pz = Intensity of wind pressure.
Table 2: WIND INTENSITY CALCULATION
FLOOR HEIGHT Vz=Vb× k1× k2x k3 Pz= 0.6Vz2

Vb k1 k2 k3
(m) (m/s) (N/m2)
Ground floor 3 39 1.06 1.07 1 44.23 1173.77
First floor 6 39 1.06 1.07 1 44.23 1173.77
Second Floor 9 39 1.06 1.07 1 44.23 1173.77
Third Floor 12 39 1.06 1.07 1 44.23 1173.77
Fourth Floor 15 39 1.06 1.07 1 44.23 1173.77
24
8. DESIGN OF STRUCTURE
8.1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES
(a) To configure a workable and economic structural system. This involves the selection
of the appropriate structural types and laying out the location and arrangements of the
structural elements such as columns and beams
(b) To select structural dimension, depth and width of individual member and concrete
cover
(c) To determine the required reinforcement, both longitudinal and transverse
(d) Detailing of reinforcement such as development length, hooks and bends
(e) To satisfy serviceability requirements such as deflection and crack width
8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA

In achieving the design objectives, there are four major design criteria of “SAFE” that must be
satisfied.
(a) Safety, Strength and stability: Structural systems and members must be designed
with sufficient margins of safety against failure.
(b) Aesthetics: It includes much consideration as shape, geometrical proportion,

symmetry, texture and articulation.
(c) Functional requirements: A structure must always be designed to serve its

intended function as specified by the project requirements. Constructability is a major part
of the functional requirement. A structural design must be practical and economical to
build.
(d) Economy: Structures must be designed and built in the target budget of the
project. Design that replicates member sizes and simplify reinforcement placement to result
in easier and faster construction will naturally result in being more economical than a
design that achieves minimum material quantities.
25
8.3 DESIGN PROCESS
(a) Configure the structural system
(b) Determine the design data. This includes the design loads, design criteria and
specifications. Also specify the material properties.
(c) Make a first estimate of the material properties and sizes. For example, based on thumb
rules, sizes are fixed for deflection control in addition to other functional or aesthetic
requirements.
(d) Calculate member cross sectional properties. Now perform structural analysis to obtain
internal force demands such as moments, axial force, shear force and torsion. From these
parameters, magnitudes of deflections of structural members are obtained.
(e) Calculate the required longitudinal reinforcements based on moment and axial force
demands. Calculate the required transverse reinforcements from the shear and torsional
moment demands.
(f) If members do not satisfy “SAFE” criteria modify the design and make changes to steps 1
and 3.
(g) Complete the detailed evaluation of member design to include additional load cases,
combinations, strength and serviceability requirements required by code and
specifications.
(h) Detailing of reinforcements. Develop design drawings and construction specifications.
8.4 DETAILING
The hostel building being designed is located in seismic zone III. The building is analysed as
OMRF(Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame) and RRF(Response Reduction Factor) is taken as
3. So the detailing is done accordingly.
26
9. MANUAL DESIGN
DESIGN OF SLABS
GROUND ,1,2st FLOOR SLABS
SLAB 1
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Short Span (Clear) 11.75 3.58 m
27
Long Span (Clear) 18.75 5.72 m
Live Load on the Slab (LL) 3.50 KN / sqm
Comp.stess of concrete M - 20 (fck) 20.00 N / sqm
Tensile stress of steel (fy) 415.00 N / sqm
Unit wt of concrete 25.00 KN / cum
Unit wt of floor finish 50 mm 24.00 KN / sqm
Clear concrete cover 15.00 mm
Bearing of slab 230.00 mm
Overall depth 119.38 mm
Provide Overall depth D 150.00 mm
Dia of bars for short direction 10.00 mm
Dia of bars for long direction 10.00 mm
Effective Depth d 130.00 mm
Loading on the slab
Dead Load of the slab (DL) 3.75 KN / sqm
Floor Finish 1.20 KN / sqm
Other Load 0.50 KN / sqm
Live Load on the slab 3.50 KN / sqm
Total Load on the slab (TL) 8.95 KN / sqm
Design Load = (Total Load x Load Factor i.e. 1.5) 13.43 KN / sqm
Effective Span lx 3.71 m
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.596
From Table (26 or 27 of IS 456) BM Coefficients are as follows;
1.5 ax 1.75 ay
For negative moments (at top) 0.075 0.07844681 0.084 0.047
For positive moments (at bottom) 0.056 0.05868085 0.063 0.035
Calculated BM per unit width of slab are as follows;
Mx = ax w lx2 My = ay w lx2
For negative moments (at top) 14.51 8.69 KN-m/m
For positive moments (at bottom) 10.85 6.47 KN-m/m
Effective depth of slab will now be fixed up on consideration of

flexural strength as well as control of deflection.
Flexural strength consideration
Maximum
BM = 14.51 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
14506582.12
or d= 84 mm
Tension R/F for the positive BM along the short span is
BM = 10.85
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 10851411 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 84
= 449.6 mm2/m
Control of deflection
Actual Span / effective depth ratio = 3711 / 84
= 44.33
28
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 449.6 / 1000 x 84 = 0.54
From Modification curve, Modification factor = 1.2
Basic value of span / effective depth ratio = 26
Therefore permitted value of span / effective depth ratio = 26 x 1.2
= 31.2
Actual S/d Permitted
is > S/d
Hence effective depth "d" should be increase
Try an effective depth "d" = 130.00 mm
Tension R/F for short span +BM is given by =
0.87 x fy x Ast (d - fy x Ast / (fck x 1000)) = 10.85 x 1000000
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 10851411.31
1163332
8 OK 10851411
Ast = 258.52
= 28.55
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
Hence effective depth "d" should be OK
Adopt Overall thickness (D) = 150 mm
Minimum R/F in slab = 0.12% of area of slab
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
Effective depth for R/F in long direction will, therefore, be = 130 - dia. Of long R/F
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Tension R/F per unit width of slab calculated by above eq. For different BM are as follow;
Bendind Moments
Short Span Long Span
For negative moments (at top) 14.51 KN-m/m 8.69 KN-m/m
For positive moments (at bottom) 10.85 KN-m/m 6.47 KN-m/m
Reinforcements
Top R/F (At support) 357.00 233.00 mm2/m
Bottom R/F (At Mid Span) 258.52 160.00 mm2/m
These R/F will be provided within the middle strips in the two directions.
Adopting 8 or 10 mm dia bars for the R/F, the calculated spacing of bars will be as follows;
Reinforcements Spacing
Dia of
Dia of bars Short Span bars Long Span
Top R/F (At
support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
29
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
Maximum Spacing 300 300 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Top R/F 28.00 Nos. of Length 5845 mm 12.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
Bottom R/F 20.00 Nos. of Length 5845 mm 8.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
Torsion reinforcement
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3710/5 = 742mm
SLAB 2
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.824
30
1.5 ax 1.75 ay


Maximum
BM = 12.39 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
12389851.53
or d= 77 mm

BM = 9.30
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 9302958 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 77
= 417.1 mm2/m
= 42.18
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 417.1 / 1000 x 77 = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 9302958.296
1163332
8 OK 9302958
Ast = 258.52
= 25.10
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
31
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Top R/F (At
support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Nos. of Length 3263.344
Top R/F 28.00 Nos. of Length 5845 mm 10.00 mm
Bottom R/F 20.00 Nos. of Length 5845 mm 7.00 mm
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3260/5 = 652mm
SLAB 3
(TWO WAY) in ft.

32
Loading on the slab
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.766
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 12.87 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
12869326.76
or d= 79 mm
BM = 9.65
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 9654360 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 79
= 424.7 mm2/m
= 42.70
33
pt=100Ast/bd
= 100 x 424.7 / 1000 x 79 = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 9654359.651
1163332
8 OK 9654360
Ast = 258.52
= 25.90
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Top R/F (At 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
34
support)
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab

10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3370/5 = 674mm
SLAB 4
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 2.000
1.5 ax 1.75 ay
35

Maximum
BM = 10.55 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
10548872.21
or d= 71 mm

BM = 7.94
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7940011 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 71
= 385.8 mm2/m
= 40.71
pt = 100 100 x 385.8 / 1000 x 71
Ast/bd = = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7940011.339
1163332
8 OK 7940011
Ast = 258.52

= 22.36
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
36
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Reinforcements
Spacing
Dia of
Top R/F (At
support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab

10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 2910/5 = 582mm
SLAB 5
(TWO WAY)
Lx=4.28m
Ly=5.72m
37
Ly/Lx=1.33
A . Effective depth(IS 456-2000;Pg 39)
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(4.28*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=109.74 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
B . Effective span (Pg -34)
Width of support =230mm
Clear span =4280-115-115= 4050mm
(1/12)*4050 =337.5mm
230 < 337.5mm
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =4050+125 = 4175mm
ii)c/c distance b/w support = 4280mm
hence Lx = 4175mm
llly, Ly = 5615mm
C . Load calculation
D . Design moments (Pg-91 Table 28)

ax = 0.049 ay = 0.035
ax = -0.065 ay = -0.047
Mx = ax*w*Lx2 My = ay*w*Lx2
Mx = 11.47 KN-m My = 8.193KN-m
Mx = -15.21 KN-m My = -11.00KN-m
Calculation to find out required Pt :

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.209
-Mx = 0.286
+My = 0.175
-My = 0.242
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.209/100)*1000*125
=261.25mm2
Providing 10mm dia bar
38
((π/4) *102) *1000/261.25 = 300.59mm
Provide 10mmɸ @ 275mm c/c
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @200mm c/c
c. My = +ve (longer direction middle strip)
10mmɸ @275mm c/c
d. My = -ve (longer direction edge)
10mmɸ @275 mm c/c
Max middle stip reinforcement = 261.25mm2
Reinforcement in each of the four corner
=0.75*261.25 = 195.93mm2
Ast in each layer at corner where one edge is discontinues
=0.5*195.93=97.96mm2
Length of bar = Lx/5 =4175/5 = 835mm
SLAB 6
(TWO WAY)
Lx=4.005m
Ly=4.365m
Ly/Lx=1.089
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(4.005*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=102.69 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
Clear span =4005-115-115= 3775mm
(1/12)*3775 =314.58mm
230 < 314.58mm
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =3775+125 = 3900mm
hence Lx = 3900mm
llly, Ly = 4365mm
39

ax = 0.04 ay = 0.035
ax = -0.053 ay = -0.047
Mx = 8.616 KN-m My = 7.539KN-m
Mx = -11.417 KN-m My = -10.124KN-m

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.551
-Mx = 0.73
+My = 0.482
-My = 0.647
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.158/100)*1000*125
=197.5mm2
((π/4) *102) *1000/688.75 =397.66mm
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @ 300mm c/c
10mmɸ @439.38mm c/c == 10mmɸ @300mm c/c

10mmɸ @ 335.9mm c/c == 10mmɸ @ 300mm c/c
=0.75*688.75 = 516.562mm2
=0.5*516.52=258.28mm2
SLAB 7
40
(TWO WAY) in ft.
41
Provide Overall depth D 150.00 mm 1
Loading on the slab

ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.399
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 11.14 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
11138194.68
or d= 73 mm
BM = 8.38
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 8383587 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 73
= 396.4 mm2/m
42
= 39.62
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 396.4 / 1000 x 73 = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 8383587.392
11633328 OK 8383587
Ast = 258.52
= 22.36
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bending Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of bars Short Span Dia of Long Span
43
bars
Top R/F (At support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Top R/F 20.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 9.00 mm
Bottom R/F 14.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 6.00 mm
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 2910/5 = 582mm
SLAB 8
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.201
1.5 ax 1.75 ay
44

Maximum
BM = 10.32 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2
10319905.08
or d= 71 mm
BM = 7.65
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7651637 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 71
= 375.9 mm2/m
= 47.68
pt = 100Ast/bd
= 100 x 375.9 / 1000 x 71 = 0.53
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7651637.194
11633328 OK 7651637
Ast = 258.52
= 25.90
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
45
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab

10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3370/5 = 674mm
SLAB 9
(TWO WAY) in ft.

46
Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.240
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 9.91 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
9910195.552
or d= 69 mm

BM = 7.36
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7355701 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 69
= 368.7 mm2/m
= 47.16
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 368.7 / 1000 x 69 = 0.53
= 31.2
47
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7355700.503
11633328 OK 7355701
Ast = 258.52
= 25.10
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
48
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3260/5 = 652mm
SLAB 10
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.085
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

49
Maximum
BM = 11.73 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2
11727666.69
or d= 75 mm
BM = 8.67
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 8665927 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 75
= 399.3 mm2/m
= 49.30
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 399.3 / 1000 x 75 = 0.53
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 8665927.284
11633328 OK 8665927
Ast = 258.52
= 28.55
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
50
Bendind Moments
Increase
For positive moments (at bottom) 8.67 KN-m/m Steel KN-m/m
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Top R/F 20.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 12.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
Bottom R/F 14.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 8.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3710/5 = 742mm
3rd FLOOR SLABS
SLAB 1
(TWO WAY)
Lx=3.58m
Ly=5.72m
Ly/Lx=1.59
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(3.58*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=91.79 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
Clear span =3580-115-115= 3350mm
(1/12)*3350=279.166mm
230 < 279.166mm
51
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =3350+125 = 3475mm
hence Lx = 3475mm
llly, Ly = 5605mm
Over head tank load 2 KN/ sqm

ax = 0.058 ay = 0.035
ax = -0.078 ay = -0.047
Mx = 11.5 KN-m My = 6.944 KN-m
Mx = -15.47 KN-m My = -9.324 KN-m

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.212
-Mx = 0.295
+My = 0.1505
-My = 0.203
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.212/100)*1000*125
=265mm2
((π/4) *102) *1000/265 = 296mm
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @200mm c/c
10mmɸ @400mm c/c == 10mmɸ @300mm c/c (max 300 spacing)
10mmɸ @ 300mm c/c
Max middle stip reinforcement = 265mm2
=0.75*265 = 198.75mm2
52
=0.5*198.75=99.37mm2
SLAB 2
(TWO WAY)
Lx=3.13m
Ly=5.72m
Ly/Lx=1.82
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(3.13*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=80.25 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
Clear span =3130-115-115= 2900mm
(1/12)*2900=241.66mm
230 < 241.66mm
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =2900+125 = 3025mm
hence Lx = 3025mm
llly, Ly = 5605mm
Over head tank load 2 KN/ sqm
ax = 0.0464 ay = 0.028
ax = -0.0656 ay = -0.037
Mx = 6.975 KN-m My = 4.209 KN-m
Mx = -9.86KN-m My = -5.562 KN-m

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.446 , Pt =0.128
-Mx = 0.631 , Pt =0.1813
53
+My = 0.318 , Pt =0.085
-My = 0.420 , Pt =0.1196
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.128/100)*1000*125
=160mm2
((π/4) *102) *1000/160 = 490.81mm
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @300mm c/c
10mmɸ @300mm c/c

10mmɸ @ 300mm c/c
Max middle stip reinforcement = 160mm2
=0.75*160 = 120mm2
=0.5*120=60mm2
SLAB 3
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
54
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.766
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 12.87 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d2 = BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
12869326.76
or d= 79 mm
BM = 9.65
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 9654360 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 79
= 424.7 mm2/m
= 42.70
pt=100Ast/bd
= 100 x 424.7 / 1000 x 79 = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 9654359.651
1163332
8 OK 9654360
Ast = 258.52
55
= 25.90
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Top R/F (At
support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab

10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3370/5 = 674mm
56
SLAB 4
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 5.85 m
Ratio ly/lx 2.000
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 10.55 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2
10548872.21
or d= 71 mm

BM = 7.94
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
57
= 7940011 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 71
= 385.8 mm2/m
= 40.71
pt = 100 100 x 385.8 / 1000 x 71
Ast/bd = = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7940011.339
1163332
8 OK 7940011
Ast = 258.52
= 22.36
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
58
Reinforcements
Spacing
Dia of
Top R/F (At
support) 10.00 210 10.00 330 mm c/c
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 2910/5 = 582mm
SLAB 5
(TWO WAY)
Lx=4.28m
Ly=5.72m
Ly/Lx=1.33
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(4.28*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=109.74 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
Clear span =4280-115-115= 4050mm
(1/12)*4050 =337.5mm
230 < 337.5mm
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =4050+125 = 4175mm
hence Lx = 4175mm
llly, Ly = 5615mm
59

ax = 0.049 ay = 0.035
ax = -0.065 ay = -0.047
Mx = 11.47 KN-m My = 8.193KN-m
Mx = -15.21 KN-m My = -11.00KN-m

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.209
-Mx = 0.286
+My = 0.175
-My = 0.242
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.209/100)*1000*125
=261.25mm2
((π/4) *102) *1000/261.25 = 300.59mm
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @200mm c/c
10mmɸ @275mm c/c
10mmɸ @275 mm c/c
=0.75*261.25 = 195.93mm2
=0.5*195.93=97.96mm2
SLAB 6
(TWO WAY)
Lx=4.005m
60
Ly=4.365m
Ly/Lx=1.089
l/d =26*MF (assume Pt=0.4%) (MF=1.5)
(4.005*1000)/d =26*1.5
d=102.69 mm
d=125mm
D=150mm
Clear span =4005-115-115= 3775mm
(1/12)*3775 =314.58mm
230 < 314.58mm
Effective span is
i)clear span + d =3775+125 = 3900mm
hence Lx = 3900mm
llly, Ly = 4365mm

ax = 0.04 ay = 0.035
ax = -0.053 ay = -0.047
Mx = 8.616 KN-m My = 7.539KN-m
Mx = -11.417 KN-m My = -10.124KN-m

Mu/(bd2 ) , +Mx = 0.551
-Mx = 0.73
+My = 0.482
-My = 0.647
a. Mx = +ve
Ast = (0.551/100)*1000*125
=688.75mm2
((π/4) *102) *1000/688.75 =114.03mm
61
Similarly,
b. Mx = -ve
10mmɸ @ 75mm c/c
10mmɸ @120mm c/c
10mmɸ @ 75mm c/c
=0.75*688.75 = 516.562mm2
=0.5*516.52=258.28mm2
SLAB 7
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Provide Overall depth D 150.00 mm 1
Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.399
1.5 ax 1.75 ay
62

Maximum
BM = 11.14 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2
11138194.68
or d= 73 mm
BM = 8.38
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 8383587 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 73
= 396.4 mm2/m
= 39.62
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 396.4 / 1000 x 73 = 0.54
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 8383587.392
11633328 OK 8383587
Ast = 258.52
= 22.36
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
63
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bending Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 2910/5 = 582mm
SLAB 8
(TWO WAY) in ft.

64
Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.201
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 10.32 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =2
10319905.08
or d= 71 mm
BM = 7.65
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7651637 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 71
= 375.9 mm2/m
= 47.68
pt = 100Ast/bd
= 100 x 375.9 / 1000 x 71 = 0.53
= 31.2
is > S/d
65
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 7651637.194
11633328 OK 7651637
Ast = 258.52
= 25.90
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab

Bottom R/F 14.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 7.00 Nos. of Length 3366.976
66
mm
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3370/5 = 674mm
SLAB 9
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.240
1.5 ax 1.75 ay
0.0656498
For negative moments (at top) 0.075 1 0.084 0.047
0.0487276
For positive moments (at bottom) 0.056 3 0.063 0.035

Maximum 9.91 KN-m/m
67
BM =
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d2 = BM x 106 N-mm/m
9910195.55
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d2 = 2
or d= 69 mm

BM = 7.36
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 7355701 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 69
= 368.7 mm2/m
= 47.16
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 368.7 / 1000 x 69 = 0.53
= 31.2
is > S/d
increas
Hence effective depth "d" should be e
7355700.50
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 3
11633328 OK 7355701
Ast = 258.52
= 25.10
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
68
Bendind Moments
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
SLAB 10
(TWO WAY) in ft.

Loading on the slab
69
ly 4.02 m
Ratio ly/lx 1.085
1.5 ax 1.75 ay

Maximum
BM = 11.73 KN-m/m
BM = 0.36 x fck x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d =
2
BM x 106 N-mm/m
or 0.36 x 15 x 0.48 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 1000 d = 2
11727666.69
or d= 75 mm
BM = 8.67
Ast = BM / 0.87 x fy (1-0.42 x 0.48) x d
= 8665927 / 0.87 x 415 (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 75
= 399.3 mm2/m
= 49.30
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 399.3 / 1000 x 75 = 0.53
= 31.2
is > S/d
0.87 x 415 x Ast (130 - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = 8665927.284
11633328 OK 8665927
Ast = 258.52
= 28.55
pt = 100
Ast/bd = 100 x 258.52 / 1000 x 130 = 0.199
70
= 37.70
is < S/d
= 0.12 x D x 1000 / 100
= 180 mm2/m 8 mm dia 279 mm c/c
0.87 x 415 x Ast (d - 415 x Ast / (20 x 1000)) = BM x 1000000
= 130 - 10 = 120.00 mm
Bendind Moments
Increase
For positive moments (at bottom) 8.67 KN-m/m Steel KN-m/m
Reinforcements
Dia of
Bottom R/F (At Mid
Span) 10.00 300 10.00 490 mm c/c
No. of bars in slab
Top R/F 20.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 12.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
Bottom R/F 14.00 Nos. of Length 4016.2 mm 8.00 Nos. of Length 3711.4 mm
10mmɸ @210mm c/c
Lx/5 = 3710/5 = 742mm
71
DESIGN OF BEAMS
72
BEAM 14(SAME FOR B2,B5,B8,B11,B18,B20,B22,B24,B26)
L=4.28m
b=280mm
d=450mm
a. DESIGN OF BEAMS
Assume the size of beam = 230*350
Assume the size of column = 230*450
b. Loads on beams 14
73
Self-weight of slab = 0.15*25 = 3.75kn/m2
Floor finish = 1 kn/m2
Dead load = 4.75KN/m2
Live load = 4KN/m2
i. DL from slab = wLx/3 = 6.776KN/m
ii. Masonry wall = 0.23*(3.3-.3) *20 = 13.8KN/m
iii. Self-weight of the beam rib =0.23*(0.55-) = 1.15KN/m
TOTAL DL = 21.726KN/m
Factored DL = 1.5*21.726 =32.589KN/m

Factored LL = (4*4.28*1.5)/3 = 8.56KN/m
Total load on beam = 41.149KN/m
c. Fixed end moments

MFAB = -wl2/12 =-(41.149*4.282)/12 = -62.815KNm
MFBA = wl2/12 = 62.815KNm
MFBC = -wl2/12 =-(34.58*2.782)/12 =-22.27KNm
MFCD = -wl2/12 = -32.01KNm
d. Distribution factor (D.F)

JOINT MEMBER K=I/L ∑K DF=K/∑K
A AE (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 13.562 0.429

=5.821*105 * 106
AB (230+(230*3503/12))/4280 0.142
=1.92*105
AI (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.429
=5.821*105
B BA 1.92*105 16.582 0.11

* 105
BF (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.35
=5.821*105
BC (230+(230*3503/12))/2780 0.19
=3.02*105
BJ 5.821*105 0.35
74
e. MOMENT TABLE
Joint A AB BA B BC CB C CD
Columns Columns Columns
Member AE,AI BF,BJ CG,CK
DF 2*0.429 0.142 0.11 2*0.35 0.19 0.19 0.7 0.11

=0.858 =0.7
FEM 0.0 -62.815 62.815 0.0 -22.27 22.27 0.0 -62.815
Balance +53.89 +8.919 -0.913 -28.381 -7.7 +7.7 +28.381 -4.45
C.O ___ -2.225 +4.45 ___ 3.85 -3.85 ___ -4.45
Balance +1.909 +0.315 -0.913 -5.81 -1.577 1.577 5.81 0.913
C.O ___ -0.456 0.157 ___ 0.788 -0.788 ___ -0.157
Balance 0.391 0.064 -0.104 -0.66 -0.179 0.179 0.66 0.104
C.O ___ -0.052 0.032 ___ 0.0898 0.0898 ___ -0.032
Balance 0.0446 0.00738 -0.013 -0.084 -0.023 0.023 0.031 0.013
Final 56.234 -56.24 61.974 -34.935 -27.02 27.02 34.93 -61.974

moments
Column moments
MAE = MAI = 56.234/2 = 28.117KNm
MBF = MBJ = -34.935/2 = -17.46KNm
MCG = MCK = 34.935/2 = 17.46KNm
MDH = MDL = 28.117KNm
f. Reactions ( shear corrections)
V = Free shear ± (net moment / span)
75
VAB = (41.149*4.28/2) – (61.974-56.24)/4.28 =86.71KN
VBA = (41.149*4.28/2) + (61.974-56.24)/4.28 =89.39KN
VBC = (34.58*2.72/2) – 0 = 42.02KN
VCB = (34.58*2.72/2) + 0 = 42.02KN
VCD = 89.39KN
VDC = 86.71KN
Maximum mid span moment
Span AB:
86.71 = 41.1498 * X
X = 2.10m (from A)
MMAX = (86.71*2.1) – 56.24 – (41.149*2.1*2.1/2)
=35.117 KNm
Span BC:
47.02 = X *34.58
X = 1.35m (from B)
MMAX = (47.02*1.35) – 27.02 – (34.58*352 /2)
=4.94KNm
Max moment at the support
At A and D = -56.234KNm
At B and C = -61.974KNm
g. Flexure member design
I. Max moment at mid span = 35.117KNm
Width of the beam = 450mm
Assuming the depth = 350mm
d = 350-50 = 300mm
Mu = 35.14 KNm
Mu limit = 0.138fck*b*d2
=0138*20*230*3002 = 57.132KNm
Mu<Mu limit
Design the beam as a singly RC beam :
Pt = (50*20/415)(1-(1-(4.6*35.17*10 6/(20*230*3002)))0.5)
=0.528
Ast = (0.528*230*300/100)=364.32mm2
Or
Mu/bd2 =(35.17*106/(230*3002)) = 1.69
364.32/(π/4)(162) = 1.81 == 2
Provide 12ɸ - 2 num at center
76
16ɸ - 2 num at end
Provided =628.31mm2
Min Pt value 0.204%
At supports:
Mu > Mu limit
Design as Doubly reinforced beam at supports
Mu = Ast (fsc – fce)*(d-d')
Mu = 61.974-57.137
=4.842KNm
fsc => d'/d = 30/300 = 0.1
fsc = 353KN/mm2
fce = 0.446fck = 0.446*20 = 8.9N/mm 2
4.848*106 = Asc (353-8.9)*(300-30)
Asc = 52.11mm2
To find Ast
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
Ast1 = 0.96*230*300/100 (SP16,pg 10)
= 6.62mm2
Ast2 = ((fsc-fce)Asc)/0.87*Fy (IS 456:pg 96)
=((353-8.9)52.11)/0.87*415
=49.66mm2
Ast = 712.06mm2
Assuming as 16ɸ bar
712.06/(π/4)*162 = 3.54 == 4 bars
Provide 4 - 16ɸ at the top of the support ,extended bars upto 1/4 th of either side from
center
For Asc =52.11mm2
Provide 2 – 12ɸ at bottom
h. Shear reinforcement
For span AB: (ast =628.32mm2)
Pt=100Ast/b*d = 100*628.32/(230*300) = 0.91%
Τc = 0.5984N/mm2 (IS 456, pg-73, T-19)
Vu=0.59*230*300 = 40.71KN
Use 8 ɸ - 2l vertical stirups
Asv = 2* (π/4)*82 =100.53mm2
Spacing of minimum shear reinforcement
Sv=(0.87*Fy*Asv)/0.4*b = (0.87*415*100.53)/(0.4*230)
77
=394.52mm
Spacing should not exceed (IS 456:Pg 47)
0.75*300 =225mm c/c
Or 300
Min shear reinforcement = 8mm @225 mm c/c
Shear resisted by min shear reinforcement
Vsmin = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/394.52
=27.6KN
Shear resistence of corner + min stirrup
=40.71+27.6 = 68.31KN
Near support A
Vu = 86.71-40.71*.3 = 74.497KN
Ls1 (from support A how much length needed shear reinforcement)
Ls1 = 0.3+(74.497-68.31)/41.149
=0.45m==0.5m
Upto 0.5m from support length more than min shear reinforcement is req
Vus = 74.497*103-.59*230*300
=33.787KN
Sv = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/33.787*103
=323.24mm
Min spacing is
0.75*300 = 225mm
Or 300
Provide 225mm spacing
Provide 8ɸ @225mm c/c upto 1m from A
Vu =47.02 – (0.3*34.58)
=36.646mm
Provide 8ɸ @225mm c/c upto 1m from B
BEAM 15 (SAME FOR B3,B6,B9,B12)
L=4.28m
b=280mm
d=450mm
i. DESIGN OF BEAMS
j. Loads on beams 14
78
Live load = 4KN/m2
i.DL from slab

Sq load = wLx/3 = 6.063KN/m
trap ld = wlx/2*(1-1/3ß2)= 5.989KN/m
TOTAL DL = 27KN/m
Factored DL = 1.5*27 =40.5KN/m

Factored LL = 17.015KN/m
Total load on beam = 57.5KN/m
k. Fixed end moments

MFAB = -wl2/12 =-(57.5*4.282)/12 = -87.7KNm
MFBA = wl2/12 = 87.7KNm
MFBC = -wl2/12 =-(45.335*2.782)/12 =-29.19KNm
MFCD = -wl2/12 = -29.19KNm
l. Distribution factor (D.F)

JOINT MEMBER K=I/L ∑K DF=K/∑K
A AE (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 13.562 0.429

=5.821*105 * 106
AB (230+(230*3503/12))/4280 0.142
=1.92*105
AI (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.429
=5.821*105
B BA 1.92*105 16.582 0.11

* 105
BF (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.35
=5.821*105
BC (230+(230*3503/12))/2780 0.19
79
=3.02*105
BJ 5.821*105 0.35
m. MOMENT TABLE
DF 2*0.429 0.142 0.11 2*0.35 0.19 0.19 0.7 0.11

=0.858 =0.7
FEM 0.0 -87.7 87.7 0.0 -29.19 29.19 0.0 -87.7
Balance +75.246 +12.453 -6.436 -40.957 -11.11 11.11 40.957 6.436
C.O ___ -3.218 +6.22 ___ 5.55 -5.55 ___ -3.218
Balance +2.76 +0.456 -1.294 -8.239 -2.33 2.33 8.239 1.294
C.O ___ -0.647 0.228 ___ 1.165 -1.165 ___ -0.647
Balance 0.555 0.091 -0.153 -0.9751 -0.26 0.26 0.9751 0.153
C.O ___ -0.0765 0.045 ___ 0.13 -0.13 ___ -0.0765
Balance 0.065 0.010 -0.019 -0.122 -0.033 0.033 0.122 0.019
Final 78.621 -78.63 86.29 -50.293 -35.97 36.078 50.293 -86.29

moments
Column moments
MAE = MAI = 78.621/2 = 39.3105KNm
MBF = MBJ = -50.293/2 = -25.14KNm
80
MCG = MCK = +25.14KNm
n. Reactions ( shear corrections)
VAB = (57.5*4.28/2) – (86.29-78.63)/4.28 =121.26KN
VBA = (57.5*4.28/2) + (86.299-78.63)/4.28 =124.83KN
VBC = (45.385*2.78/2) = 63.015KN
VCB = 63.015KN
VCD = 124.83KN
VDC = 121.26KN
Span AB:
121.26 = 57.5 * X
X = 2.1m (from A)
MMAX = (121.26*2.1) – 78.63 – (57.5*2.1*2.1/2)
=49.2285KNm
Span BC:
63.015 = X *45.325
X = 1.38m (from B)
MMAX = (63.05*1.38) – 35.97 – (45.325*1.352 /2)
=7.82KNm
o. Flexure member design
d = 350-50 = 300mm
Mu = 49.22 KNm
=0138*20*230*3002 = 57.132KNm
Mu<Mu limit
Design the beam as a singly RC beam :
Pt = (50*20/415)(1-(1-(4.6*49.22*10 6/(20*230*3002)))0.5)
=0.78
Ast = (0.78*230*300/100)=538.2mm2
538.2/(π/4)(162) = 2.678 == 3
81
Provide 16ɸ - 2 num at bottom
Provided =804.24mm2
At supports:
Mu > Mu limit
Mu = 29.158KNm
fsc => d'/d = 30/300 = 0.1
fsc = 353KN/mm2
fce = 0.446fck = 0.446*20 = 8.9N/mm 2
29.158*106 = Asc (353-8.9)*(300-30)
Asc = 313.84mm2
To find Ast
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
Ast1 = 0.96*230*300/100 (SP16,pg 10)
= 6.62mm2
=((353-8.9)313.24)/0.87*415
=299.1mm2
Ast = 961.5mm2
961.5/(π/4)*162 = 4.78 == 5 bars
center
For Asc =313.84mm2
p. Shear reinforcement
For span AB: (ast =804.24mm2)
Pt=100Ast/b*d = 100*804.24/(230*300) = 1.165%
Τc = 0.653N/mm2 (IS 456, pg-73, T-19)
Vu=0.653*230*300 = 45.05KN
Asv = 2* (π/4)*82 =100.53mm2
Sv=(0.87*Fy*Asv)/0.4*b = (0.87*415*100.53)/(0.4*230)
=394.52mm
82
0.75*300 =225mm c/c
Or 300
Min shear reinforcement 8mm @225 mm c/c
Vsmin = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/394.52
=27.6KN
Shear resistance of corner + min stirrup

=45.05+27.6 = 71.65KN
Near support A
Vu = 121.26 - 45.07 *0.3 = 107.745KN
Ls1 = 0.3+(107.745 – 71.65)/57.5
=0.92m==1m
Upto 1m from support length more than min shear reinforcement is req
Vus = 107.745*103-.653*230*300
=62.688KN
Sv = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/62.688*103
=173.7mm
Min spacing is
0.75*300 = 225mm
Or 300
Provide 8ɸ @150mm c/c upto 1m from both support
BEAM 4(SAME FOR B1,B7,B10,B13,B16,B17,B19,B21,B23,B25,B27)
L=5.72m
b=230mm
d=450mm
q. DESIGN OF BEAMS
r. Loads on beams
Live load = 4KN/m2
j. DL from slab = wLx/3 = 14KN/m
83
TOTAL DL = 28.95KN/m
Factored DL = 1.5*28.95 =43.425KN/m

Factored LL = (4*5.72*1.5)/3 = 11.44KN/m
Total load on beam = 54KN/m
s. Fixed end moments

MFAB = -wl2/12 =-(54*5.722)/12 = -148KNm
MFBA = wl2/12 = 148KNm
MFBC = -wl2/12 =-(48.2*3.82)/12 =-58KNm
MFCD = -wl2/12 = -58KNm
t. Distribution factor (D.F)

JOINT MEMBER K=I/L DF=K/∑K
A AE (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.181
=5.821*105
AB 4.79*105 0.15
AI (230+(230*4503/12))/3000 0.181
=5.821*105
B BA 1.92*105 0.059
BF 5.821*105 0.181
BC 2.11*105 0.0612
BJ 5.821*105 0.181
u. MOMENT TABLE
DF 2*0.181 0.15 0.059 2*0.181 0.0657 0.0657 2*0.181 0.059

=0.362 =0.362 =0.362
FEM 0.0 -148 -148 0.0 -58 58 0.0 -148

84
Balance +66.6 +22.2 -5.31 -32.381 -5.913 +5.913 +32.381 -5.31
C.O ___ 2.655 -11.1 ___ -2.95 -2.95 ___ -11.1
Balance +0.961 +0.398 0.828 -5 -0.922 0.092 5 0.828
Final 67.561 -128.18 -152.9 -37.381 -65.918 65.95 37.31 152.9

moments
Column moments
MAE = MAI = 67.561/2 = 33.78KNm
MBF = MBJ = 37.381/2 = -18.69KNm
MCG = MCK = 18.69KNm
v. Reactions ( shear corrections)
VAB = (54*5.72/2) – (152.9-67.561)/5.72 =139.521KN
VBA = (54*5.72/2) + (152.9-67.561)/5.72 =169.36KN
VBC = (48.2*3.89/2) – 0 = 93.749KN
VCB = 93.749KN
VCD = 89.39KN
VDC = 86.71KN
Span AB:
139.521 = 54 * X
X = 2.58m (from A)
MMAX = (139.521*2.58) – 67.561 – (454*2.58*2.58/2)
=77.63 KNm
Span BC:
93.74 = X *48.2
X = 1.945m (from B)
MMAX = (93.74*1.945) – 65.958 – (48.2*1.9482 /2)
=25.6KNm
85
w. Flexure member design
d = 400-50 = 350mm
Mu = 112.883 KNm
=0138*20*230*4002 = 77.763KNm
Mu>Mu limit
Design the beam as a doubly RC beam :
Mu = 112.883-77.763
=35.12KNm
fsc => d'/d = 50/350 = 0.14
fsc = 353KN/mm2
fce = 0.446fck = 0.446*20 = 8.9N/mm 2
4.848*106 = Asc (353-8.9)*(350-50)
Asc = 340mm2
To find Ast
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
Ast1 = 0.96*230*350/100 (SP16,pg 10)
= 772.4mm2
=((353-8.9)340)/0.87*415
=324mm2
Ast = 1096.4mm2
1096/(π/4)*162 = 5.45== 6 bars
Provide 16ɸ - 6 num at middle bottom
At supports:
Mu > Mu limit
86
Mu = 152.9-67.561
=34.561KNm
fsc => d'/d = 50/350 = 0.14
fsc = 353KN/mm2
fce = 0.446fck = 0.446*20 = 8.9N/mm 2
34.561*106 = Asc (353-8.9)*(350-50)
Asc = 313.87mm2
To find Ast
Ast = Ast1+Ast2
Ast1 = 0.96*230*350/100 (SP16,pg 10)
= 772.8mm2
=((344.1)313.87)/0.87*415
=300mm2
Ast = 1072.8mm2
1072.8/(π/4)*162 = 5.33 == 6 bars
center
For Asc =313.87mm2
x. Shear reinforcement
For span AB:
Pt=100Ast/b*d = 100*1096/(230*350) = 1.36%
Τc = 0.67N/mm2 (IS 456, pg-73, T-19)
Vu=0.67*230*350 = 53.9KN
Asv = 2* (π/4)*82 =100.53mm2
Sv=(0.87*Fy*Asv)/0.4*b = (0.87*415*100.53)/(0.4*230)
=394.52mm
0.75*300 =225mm c/c
Or 300
Min shear reinforcement = 8mm @225 mm c/c
Vsmin = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/394.52
=27.6KN
87
Shear resistence of corner + min stirrup
=53.9+27.6 = 81.5KN
Near support A
Vu = 89.39-53.9*0.3 = 73.22KN
Ls1 = 0.3+(73.22-81.5)/41.149
=0.45m==0.5m
Upto 0.5m from support length more than min shear reinforcement is req
Vus = 73.22*103-0.59*230*300
=32.51KN
Sv = (0.87*415*100.53*300)/32.51*103
=335mm
Min spacing is
0.75*300 = 225mm
Or 300
Provide 8ɸ @ 225mm c/c upto 1m from A
Vu =47.02 – (0.3*34.58)
=36.646mm
Provide 8ɸ @225mm c/c upto 1m from B
88
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
89
Concrete grade used is M25
Steel grade used is 500
90
Load calculation for column
a. Roof
Live load = 1.5KN/m2
Selfweight of slab = 0.15*25 = 3.75KN/m2
Roof finish (assuming) = 1.5 KN/m2
Total = 6.75 KN/m2
Factored load = 1.5*6.75 = 10.125 KN/m2
b. Typical floor
Live load = 4KN/m2
Selfweight of slab = 0.15*25 = 3.75KN/m 2
Roof finish (assuming) = 1 KN/m2
Total = 8.75 KN/m2
Factored load = 1.5*8.75 = 13.125 KN/m 2
c. Walls
Weight of internal walls = 0.23*3*20= 13.8KN/m 2
Factored load = 1.5*13.8 = 20.7KN/m2
d. Main beam
Size of beam = 230*350mm
Weight of beam = (0.23*(0.35-0.15)*25) = 1.15KN/m 2
Factored load = 1.725KN/m2
e. Secondary beam is also as a main beam
Factored load =1.725KN/m2
f. Floor area transferring load on a column
91
=(5.72+3.89)*(1.62+1.565)
=30.607mm2
Length of the walls
= ((5.72+3.89)+(1.565+1.62))+(1.62*1.565/2)
=14.06m
Length of main beam
=((5.72+3.89)+(1.565+1.62))
=12.795m
Length of secondary beam
=(1.62*1.565/2)
=1.265m
LOADS ON COLUMN in KN
1. Roof and 3rd floor
Roof slab = 30.607*10.125 = 309.39KN
Walls = 14.06*20.7 = 291.042KN
Main beam = 12.795*1.725 = 22.07KN
Secondary beam = 1.265*1.725 = 2.99KN
Total = 625.99KN
2. 3rd floor and 2nd floor
Floor slab = 30*13.125 = 393.75KN
Walls = 14.06*20.7 = 291.042KN
Main beam = 12.795*1.725 = 22.07KN
Secondary beam = 1.265*1.725 = 2.99KN
Total = 709.852KN
3. 2nd and 1st floor

Load from upper floor = 625.99+709.852
=1335.843KN
nd st
2 and 1 floor load = 625.99KN
Total loads = 1961.832KN
4. 1st floor and plinth
Load from upper floor = 1961.832KN
1st floor to plinth = 625.99KN
Total = 2587.831KN
5. Column between plinth and footing
Considering only plinth beam
Weight of plinth main beam = 12.795*1.775
92
=22.07KN
Weight of plinth secondary beam = 1.265*1.725

=2.1821KN
Weight of the column = 3*(0.23*0.45)*25
= 7.26KN
Total weight = 32.014KN
TOTAL = 2619.84KN
Pu = 2619.84KN
Middle columns
 Design of A2,B2,C2,D2,E2 and F2 columns

RCC COLUMN SIZE
CALCULATION

Axial Compressive Load on 1746 K Enter Dia of 25
93
Column N Steel

K mm
2619 3925
Factored Load on Column N 2
261900
0
Grade of Enter Number Pitc 30 m
25 8
Concrete (Fck) of Bars h@ 0 m

Grade of Steel Dia of
500 8
(fy) Internal Ties mm

% of Steel in 1) 1 / 4 of Dia
1
Concrete of Larger Bar 6.25 mm
Area of Steel in
0.01
Concrete 2) 8 mm 8 mm
Area of
0.99
Concrete
9.9 3.35
Gross Area of Pitch of
197660
Column Lateral Ties 300
Main
25
Steel
1) Least
445 Lateral 300 8
Size of Column 445 Dimension mm Nos.
2) 16 x Dia of Lateral
mm mm 400 8
Smaller Bar mm Ties
Size of
Column(Provid 300 450 300
e) 3) 300 mm mm
mm mm
Area of Column 135000 mm2
Main
25 8
Steel Nos.
Latera Pitch
1350 8 300
Area of Steel mm2 l Ties @

3904.61538
Asc
5

94
Side columns, Design of A1,B1,C1,D1,E1,F1,A3,B3,C3,D3,E3 and F3
columns

RCC COLUMN SIZE CALCULATION

Axial Compressive Load on K Enter Dia of
1400 25
Column N Steel

K mm
2100 3925
Factored Load on Column N 2
210000
0
Grade of Enter Number Pitc 30
25 8
Concrete (Fck) of Bars h@ 0 mm

Grade of Steel Dia of Internal
500 8
(fy) Ties mm

% of Steel in 1) 1 / 4 of Dia
1
Concrete of Larger Bar 6.25 mm
Area of Steel in
0.01
Concrete 2) 8 mm 8 mm
Area of Concrete 0.99
9.9 3.35
Gross Area of Pitch of Lateral
158491
Column Ties 300
Main Steel 25
1) Least Lateral
398 230 8
Size of Column 398 Dimension mm Nos.
2) 16 x Dia of Lateral
mm mm 400 8
Smaller Bar mm Ties
Size of
Column(Provide 230 450 300
) 3) 300 mm mm
mm mm
Area of Column 103500 mm2
Main
25 8
Steel Nos.
Latera Pitch
1035 8 300
Area of Steel mm2 l Ties @
95

3276.92307
Asc
7

DESIGN FOOTING
96
Design of center footings
97
 Design of A2,B2,C2,D2,E2 and F2 footings
98
99
100
101
Design of SIDE footings
 Design of A1,B1,C1,D1,E1,F1,A3,B3,C3,D3,E3 and F3 footings
102
103
104
105
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
106
107
108
11. CONCLUSION
The aim of our project was planning, analysis and design of a multi-storeyed, earthquake
resistant residential building. We were able to complete the project in a successful and efficient
manner by considering all the relevant features given as nine chapters.
Planning of this building has been done based on the space requirements suggested by the
prevailing rules stipulated in Kerala Building Rules, 1999. The design is completely based on
relevant Indian Standard Codes. The analysis has been done with the help of STAAD Pro and the
drawings have been made with the help of AutoCAD. We have completed this project to the best
of our knowledge and ability.
12. REFERENCE
 The references that will be referred to for this project work are:
109
o Bye-laws In Planning-KMBR, 1999 o Design Codes
IS 456:2000
IS 875 (Part 2):1987 (Reaffirmed 1997)
IS 875 (Part 3):1987 (Reaffirmed 1997)
IS 1893 (Part I):2002
IS 2911 (Part 1-4):1979 (Reaffirmed 1997)
IS 4326:1993
IS 13920:1993 (Reaffirmed 1998)
IS 13935: 1993
o Software
STAAD Pro
o Books
Design of RCC Structures by B. C. Punmia

Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete by P. C. Varghese
Reinforced Concrete Design by S. N. Sinha
Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design by Ashok K Jain
Basic & Applied Soil Mechanics by Gopal Ranjan & A. S. R. Rao
Geotechnical Engineering by K. R. Arora
110

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL

Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

Certified that this project report “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

Harish M L Dr. C G Puttappa Dr. N V R Naidu

Faculty Adviser Prof and Head-Civil Principal-MSRIT

It is our great pleasure to express our immense gratitude to

STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a structural analysis and design computer program originally

3.4.3. WIND LOADS

9.6.DESIGN OF PILES 55 9.7. DESIGN OF TIES 58

1. Elevation of the Hostel Building 11

1.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES

The major requirements of a properly designed building are:

The components of the structure are mainly classified into

1.3.1 PILE FOUNDATION

2.1 BYE LAWS IN PLANNING

2.1.2 MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM THE ROAD

2.1.3 SETBACK CRITERIA

Side clearance = 1.5m on either sides

2.1.4 SAFETY PROVISIONS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

2.1.6 PARKING REQUIREMENTS

2.1.7 FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) CRITERION

Floor Area Ratio

2.1.8 COVERAGE CRITERION

2.2 DESIGN CODES

IS 456:2000 Indian Standard plain and reinforced concrete code of practice.

USE OF SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

Design of RCC Structures by B. C. Punmia

Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete by P. C. Varghese

Reinforced Concrete Design by S. N. Sinha

Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design by Ashok K Jain

Basic & Applied Soil Mechanics by Gopal Ranjan & A. S. R. Rao

Geotechnical Engineering by K. R. Arora

Fig. 1 Elevation of the Hostel building

Fig.4 3-D view

4.1 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

It’s the calculation of the response of the structures to actions.

4.3 RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES

• External Force quantities – Reactions

The response of structure is calculated mathematically.

4.4.1 DEAD LOADS

4.4.2 LIVE LOADS

Fig 6. Live Load

4.4.4 EARTHQUAKE LOADS

Seismic loading depends, primarily, on:

• Anticipated earthquake’s parameters at the site - known as seismic hazard

Fig. 9 Earthquake Load in – X direction

(i) Element library

5.1 STEPS INVOLVED

5.1.2 MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE

Fig. 12 Modeling of the structure

5.1.3 ASSIGNING OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

5.1.5 APPLICATION OF LOADS

Fig. 14 Run Analysis

7.1 CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS

Vz = Vb× k1×k2× k3 Pz = 0.6Vz2 (N/m2)

Vz = Design speed at any height ‘z’, in m/s.

FLOOR HEIGHT Vz=Vb× k1× k2x k3 Pz= 0.6Vz2

8.2 DESIGN CRITERIA

(b) Aesthetics: It includes much consideration as shape, geometrical proportion,

(c) Functional requirements: A structure must always be designed to serve its

(a) Configure the structural system

DF 20.429 0.142 0.11 20.35 0.19 0.19 0.7 0.11

C.O _ -2.225 +4.45 _ 3.85 -3.85 ___ -4.45

C.O _ -0.456 0.157 _ 0.788 -0.788 ___ -0.157

C.O _ -0.052 0.032 _ 0.0898 0.0898 ___ -0.032