IE426 HW10 Solution PDF

IE 426: Stochastic Models of Industrial Systems
Winter 2020
Homework 10
Required problems to be turned in:
1. (17.5-9 in textbook) A department has one word-processing operator. Documents

produced in the department are delivered for word processing according to a Poisson
process with an expected interarrival time of 20 minutes. When the operator has just one
document to process, the expected processing time is I5 minutes. When she has more
than one document, then editing assistance that is available reduces the expected
processing time for each document to 10 minutes. In both cases, the processing times
have an exponential distribution.
a. Construct the rate diagram for this queueing system.
𝜆 = 3⁄ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ;
b. Find the steady-state distribution of the number of documents that the operator has
received but not yet completed.
3
𝑃1 = 𝑃0
4
32
𝑃2 = 𝑃
4.6 0
3𝑛
𝑃𝑛 = 𝑃
4.6𝑛−1 0
∞ −1 ∞ −1
𝑛 2
3 6 1
𝑃0 = [1 + ∑ ] = [1 + (∑ ( ) − 1)] =
4.6𝑛−1 4 2
𝑛=1 𝑛=0
−1
3 2
[1 + (1)] =
2 5
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c. Derive L for this system. (Hint: Refer to the derivation of L for the M/M/1 model at
the beginning of Sec. 17.6.) Use this information to determine Lq, W, and Wq.
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
3𝑛 2 3 3 𝑛 3 1 𝑛 3 6
𝐿 = ∑ 𝑛𝑝𝑛 = ∑ 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑛−1
⋅ = ∑ 𝑛 ⋅ ⋅ ( ) = ∑ 𝑛 ⋅ ( ) = ⋅2=
4.6 5 5 6 5 2 5 5
𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0 𝑛=0
6
𝐿 5 6
𝑊= = = ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝜆 3 15
∞ ∞ ∞
6 1
𝐿𝑞 = ∑(𝑛 − 1) ⋅ 𝑝𝑛 = ∑ 𝑛𝑝𝑛 − ∑ 𝑝𝑛 = −1=
5 5
𝑛=1 𝑛=1 𝑛=1
1
𝐿𝑞 5 1
𝑊𝑞 = = =
𝜆 3 15
2. (17.6-22 in textbook) People's Software Company has just set up a call center to provide
technical assistance on its new software package. Two technical representatives are
taking the calls, where the time required by either representative to answer a customer's
questions has an exponential distribution with a mean of 8 minutes. Calls are arriving
according to a Poisson process at a mean rate of 10 per hour.
By next year, the mean arrival rate of calls is expected to decline to 5 per hour, so the
plan is to reduce the number of technical representatives to one then.
a. Assuming that 𝜇 will continue to be 7.5 calls per hour for next year's queueing
system, determine L, Lq, W, and Wq, for both the current system and next year's
system. For each of these four measures of performance, which system yields the
smaller value?
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚: 𝜆 = 10, 𝜇 = 7.5, 𝑠 = 2
𝑠 −1
𝜆 𝑛 𝜆 𝑠
(𝜇 ) (𝜇 ) 1
𝑃0 = 1 + (∑ )+ ⋅
𝑛! 𝑠! 1 − 𝜆
𝑠𝜇
[ 𝑛=1 ]
−1
10 1 10 2
( ) ( ) 1 1
[1 + 7.5 + 7.5 ⋅ ] =
1! 2! 10 5
1−
2 . 7.5
𝜆 𝑠 𝜆 𝑠
𝑝0 (𝜇 ) (𝑠𝜇 ) 1 ( 10 ) ( 10 )
𝐿𝑞 = 5 7.5 2 . 7.5 = 1.067
2 =
𝜆 10 2
𝑠! (1 − 𝑠𝜇 ) 2! (1 − )
2 . 7.5
𝜆 10
𝐿 = 𝐿𝑞 + = 1.067 + = 2.4
𝜇 7.5
𝐿𝑞 1.067
𝑊𝑞 = = = 0.1067
𝜆 1
1 1
𝑊 = 𝑊𝑞 + = 0.1067 + = 0.24
𝜇 7.5
𝑁𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟′𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚: 𝜆 = 5, 𝜇 = 7.5, 𝑠 = 1
𝜆 5
𝜌== = 0.667
𝜇 7.5
𝑝0 = 1 − 𝜌 = 1 − 0.667 = 0.333
𝜌 0.667
𝐿= = =2
1 − 𝜌 1 − 0.667
𝐿𝑞 = 𝐿 − 𝜌 = 2 − 0.667 = 1.333
𝐿 2.4
𝑊= = = 0.4
𝜆 5
𝐿𝑞 1.33
𝑊𝑞 = = = 0.2667
𝜆 5
b. Now assume that 𝜇 will be adjustable when the number of technical representatives is
reduced to one. Solve algebraically for the value of 𝜇 that would yield the same value
of 𝑊as for the current system.
1
𝑊(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡) =
𝜇−𝜆
1
= 𝜇 − 5; 𝜇 = 9.167
2.4
c. Repeat part b with Wq instead of W.
𝜆
𝑊𝑞 =
𝜇(𝜇 − 𝜆)
5
0.10667 = ; 𝜇 = 9.789
𝜇2 − 5𝜇
Optional problems
1. (17.5.10 in textbook) Customers arrive at a queueing system according to a Poisson

process with a mean arrival rate of 2 customers per minute. The service time has an
exponential distribution with a mean of 1 minute. An unlimited number of servers are
available as needed so customers never wait for service to begin. Calculate the steady
state probability that exactly 1 customer is in the system.
𝜆0
𝑝1 = 𝑝 = 2𝑃0
𝜇1 0
𝜆0 𝜆1
𝑝2 = 𝑝 = 2𝑃0
𝜇1 𝜇2 0
𝜆0 𝜆1 … 𝜆𝑛−1 2𝑛
𝑝𝑛 = 𝑝 = 𝑃
𝜇1 𝜇2 … 𝜇𝑛 0 𝑛! 0
∑ 𝑃𝑛 = 𝑒 2 ⋅ 𝑃0 = 1
𝑛=0
𝑃0 = 𝑒 −2 , 𝑃𝑛 = 2𝑒 −2
2. (17.6. 26 in textbook) Janet is planning to open a small car-wash operation, and she must
decide how much space to provide for waiting cars Janet estimates that customers would
arrive randomly (i.e., a Poisson input process) with a mean rate of 1 every 4 minutes,
unless the waiting area is full, in which case the arriving customers would take their cars
elsewhere. The time that can be attributed to washing one car has an exponential
distribution with a mean of 3 minutes. Compare the expected fraction of potential
customers that will be lost because of inadequate waiting space if (a) 0 spaces (not
including the car being washed), (b) 2 spaces, and (c) 4 spaces were provided.
You can calculate 𝑃0 for each case and then, 𝑃1 for 0 spaces, 𝑃3 for two spaces, 𝑃5 for four
spaces. Or you can used this formula for fraction of customers lost:
1−𝜌
𝑝𝑁 = ⋅ 𝜌𝑘
(1 − 𝜌𝑁+1 )
3
𝜌=
4
0 spaces: 𝑃1 = 0.429
Two spaces: 𝑃3 = 0.154
Four spaces: 𝑃5 = 0.07
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IE 426: Stochastic Models of Industrial Systems

1. (17.5-9 in textbook) A department has one word-processing operator. Documents

𝑁𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟′𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚: 𝜆 = 5, 𝜇 = 7.5, 𝑠 = 1

1. (17.5.10 in textbook) Customers arrive at a queueing system according to a Poisson

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