Practical Research Farmers

Problem Faced by the Filipino Rice Farmers
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study

Agriculture has always been a vital part of the Philippine nation and
culture. For decades, the country has been known to be one of the best when it
came to the agricultural industry and we have been thriving from it. In the
Philippines there are 10 Million rice farmers. Conclude their dependents they
constitute a big area of the over 100 million Filipinos. Some of their land cannot
be reached by irrigation facilities. In the other hand, the rice tariffication law (RTL,
RA 11203) newly passed. The main purpose of this law is about food security for
100 million Filipinos. Today, the effectuate of the law has not been felt by
consumers. Because the average production of palay is not fair for the farmers
because of low exchanging cost of palay. Inflation raises prices for farm system
as well as farm products, resulting in inconsistent effects on the current net
incomes of farmers. As inflation increases, prices paid by farmers for various
systems increase faster than the prices they receive by their products.
General inflation when accompanied by growth may be associated with an

increase of the demand for farm output. Most of the palays are sold by the lowest
price as 8 pesos for kilo because of the tarrification law signed by the President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte. According to that law they must be a high income for the
farmers and sell it by affordable price to the consumer, but that is not what we
see from the reality, the farmers are suffering to the lowest price of the palays.
that it is unfair for the rice farmers to pay and work for their livelihood and gain
nothing from it due to the current policies. Various organizations and netizens
have slammed the rice tariffication law, pointing out how Filipino farmers were
severely affected by its implementation. As consumers, I urge you to care; and
not only should you care, but you must also take action even through the
simplest ways you can.
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Our Lady of the Fatima University
According to the Philippine Chamber of Agriculture and Food, the

prevailing farm gate price of palay (unhusked rice) which decreased by around
P5 per kilogram, led Filipino farmers to be deprived by as much as P95 billion in
income. This is based on the country’s local palay production of 19 million metric
tons annually. It has also been stated that thefuller importation of rice from other
countries resulted to the plunging prices of local rice, benefiting the rice-eating
populace but affecting negatively the livelihood of many Filipino farmers.
The objective of this study was to know what are the sacrifices of our
farmers, and to protect the needs of Filipino rice farmers and also to identify
ways on how Filipinos can extend support to the rice farmers.
1.3 Statement of Problem

The study intends to recognize the problems, issues and constraints in the
Philippine Agriculture and identify ways on how Filipinos can sustainably succor
to the rice farmers.
This study aims to answer the following questions
1. How rice farmers survived their daily lives during the tariffication law?
2. What are the possible ways to overcome the poverty of Filipino rice
farmers?
3. How much is the income of the farmers when the tariffication law
begins?
1.4 Scope and Delimitations

The study of The Problem Faced by the Filipino Rice Farmers looks into
the different issues with the tariffication law, and the current state of Agriculture in
the country. The study is limited to the Filipino Rice Farmers. The subjects of this
study are the Filipino Rice Farmers in the country whose are affected by the Rice
Tarrification Law. This research will conduct on the city of Antipolo in year of
2020.
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2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE
2.1 Local Studies

2.1.2 Overview of Philippines Rice Industry
In the year of 1970 the Philippines became self-sufficient in rice,
Philippines was a rice exporter to neighboring countries such as Myanmar,
Indonesia, and China. However, with the rapid increase in population and limited
land resources to produce the total rice requirement, the country slowly turned
into a net rice importer in the world next to China (Simeon, 2019)
2.1.2 Overview of Philippine Agriculture

Coincide to Lubang (2019), one of the poorest that living below the
poverty line in this sector are the Filipinos. Based on the statistics that are found
in the PSA, employer who works in agricultural received the lowest daily salary
compared to employers from the industry and service sectors. Regardless of
contribution of agricultural to the economy, it has not been an effective engine of
social development and human growth. The fellowship of deficiency to
agricultural sector drove many children of agricultural workers to finding more
employment opportunities in the urban parts of the country. Based on PSA, this
council also contributed to the declining number of employers in this sector,
agricultural production, and percentage of donation of agriculture in the Philippine
economy throughout the years.
According to De Guzman (2018), the agricultural sector employs only

25.96 percent of the Filipino workers as of November 2017, and in the recent
statistic report from the Philippine Statistics Authority, Agriculture, Hunting,
Forestry and Fishing (AHFF) has contributed 7.1 percent of the total GDP of the
country, which has an increase of only 0.6 percent, compared to the industry and
services sector which has a 3.7and 7.1 percent respectively in the second
quarter of the current year.
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2.1.3 Overview of Philippine Agriculture

According to De Guzman (2018), we have a Philippines statistics authority
that agricultural hunting the forestry and fishing which is According former this is
measured as the value added of the agricultural sector as percent of GDP the
government should focus on the agricultural sector of authority Filipino workers
started November 2017 Even if the Philippines is primarily an agricultural
country, we have not done anything to ‘cultivate’ this sector But due to economic
industrialization, this industry has been challenged. Our priorities have changed
almost forgetting our fundamental need for. And according to reports, the
agricultural sector employs only 25.96 percent of the Filipino workers as of
November 2017. This is very low compared to many countries who prioritize and
give more importance to it.
2.1.4 The Rice Tariffication

The Rice Liberization Act or Republic Act No. 11203, called "An Act
liberalizing the importation, exportation, and trading of rice lifting for the target the
quantitive import limitation on rice , and other purpose." Also known as the Rice
Tarification. Approved and signed by the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on
February 14. 2019. The law that imposed tariff to agricultural imports except for
rice. This law RA 11203 aims to lift the restriction on rice imports and replace it
with a general tariff. Its precedent, the Agricultural Tariffication Act of 1996, and
serve as the Philippine Government‘s compliance to its obligation and imposing
tariff to agricultural products. And this purpose is to protect the local farmers from
the entry of the imported rice o the country through the imposition of 35% tariff on
rice coming 40% on ASEAN Countries. Proceeds from these tariffs will be used
to funds mass irrigation, warehousing, and rice research (Tobias, 2019)
2.1.5 The Current state of Agriculture in the Philippines

The Philippine economy has a notable aspect which is Agriculture. The
economic opportunities includes providing some employment although they
contribute 30% to the country's labor force and attaining the Millennium
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Development Goals (MDGs). The percentage that the sector accounted for the
country's total gross domestic product (GDP) is 13%-14% gradually declining as
the year progresses. The sector's gross value added (GVA) has been growing in
ceteris paribus. However, the agriculture's declining contribution to the country's
GDP is brought by the structural transformation as sectors, industry and service,
grew relatively much faster. According to DOST-PCARRD (2018) in the year
2017. The value of the country's GDP amounted to 15.806 trillion (in PHP) while
the agricultural GDP coasted to 1.526 trillion (in PHP). The yielding contribution
to the country's GDP is 10%.
2.1.6 The Philippines and World Trade Organization

The Philippines’ membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)
aspired to have an efficient price intervention and public expenditure policy
framework for the Philippine agriculture sector. There are four elements of this
agricultural agreement focused at the following: First, expand the market access
by substituting non-tariff barriers with tariffs and Imposing ceilings (or bindings)
on all existing tariffs on agricultural products at rates not more than 10% of the
current tariff rates. Second, reduce the production and trade-distorting domestic
support for agriculture to a maximum of 10% of the gross value of agricultural
production. Third, the average quantity of subsidized exports must be reduced as
well as the value of export subsidies. Fourth and last, harmonize the sanitary and
phytosanitary measures in accordance with the international standards,
guidelines, or recommendations. According to Uvero (2019), under WTO, the
protection of domestic industries and markets must be made only through
custom tariffs and not through other commercial measures. This is to provide a
clear and transparent protection in promoting market access and competition.
2.1.7 The Relationship between Rice Tariffication and Inflation

The approval of rice tariffication law, approved by Congress on November
2018, the national authority of the (NFA) we have a power to import and
distribute the rice in cheeper. And the principal author Cynthia Villar as the
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senator, Cynthia was measured the prepare jointly by committees on agricultural

was the ways of financial means It is in substitution of Senate Bill Nos. 1476,
1689, 1839, taking into consideration Proposed Senate Resolution Nos. 143, 146
and House Bill No. 7735, with Senators Ralph Recto, Leila De Lima,Joel
Villanueva, Risa Hontiveros, Grace Poe, Sherwin Gatchalian and Cynthia Villar
as authors.Pres. Rodrigo Duterte signed into law the Rice Tariffication Bill which
was imposedrecently on March 5, 2019. The law of rice prompted because of
sugering inflation of price during the last quarter of 2018 and after the stock of
NFA the data of the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) also asserts that rice
was the topmost contributor toinflation in September 2018, and the consumer of
Consumers bought regular-milled rice at anaverage price of Php 37.89/kg (US$
0.72/kg) and well-milled rice at Php 41.93/kg (US$0.80/kg). The rice of NFA is
continuing the price since then palay is recorded at Php 22.00/kg. Farmers are
enjoying the highest buying of palay because of the farm-gate and retail levels,
As Filipinos continue tostruggle with inflation, the government found ways to
temper rising inflation. One way of doing so was the passage of the Rice
Tariffication Bill.
2.1.8 The Agricultural Tariffication Law

According to Ocampo (2018), tariffication bill accomplish the Philippine
Government‘s adhesion with the World Trade Organization compact on
Agriculture (WTO-AOA), by which approved in 1995, with the provision in
tariffocation, rather than quantitative restrictions on agricultural imports. This Law
calls for the country to decline the 50 to 35% tariffication for the agricultural
product import.
2.1.9 Problems, Issues, and Constraints in Philippine Agriculture

Philippine agriculture is merely characterized by its limited diversification
and low productivity. The traditional crops in the country such as rice, corn, and
coconut accounted for more than 50% already of total area harvested and it was
only recently, that high value crops are given focus. The previous administration
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ventured into placing the sector into high growth trajectory, wherein, its medium
term development plan (2013) aimed at an annual growth rate of around 5% for
crops, 2% for livestock, 5% for poultry, and 3% for fisheries. These specific
targets have largely been achieved in livestock and poultry, but hardly been
approximated in crops and fisheries. This scenario became even worse in the
year 2016 when crops and fisheries exhibited a decline of 3.5% and 4.5%
respectively. Because every calamity that is happening all the crops are being
affected which means the harvesting time would also be adjusted and so the
resource of the crops would also be delayed to be consume by the consumers.
The poor agricultural performance of crops was due to typhoons and El Nino
affecting rice and corn production, coconut-scale insect infestation, and limited
adoption of high-yielding varieties, whereas, fisheries was affected by extreme
weather conditions and closed fishing implementations. And one of the main
problems is because even our government give more attention to import goods
or crops from other country instead of what we have. Whether the source of rice
and crops had a good quantity still the money that the farmers would receive will
still be the same.
2.1.10 Overview of the Philippine Economy

The Philippines is one of the most enterprising economies in the East Asia
and the Pacific region. With the enlarging urbanization, a growing middle-income
class, and a large young population, the Philippines’ economic dynamism is
rooted in strong cons
under demand assisted by vibrant labor market and robust remittances.
According to World Bank, Philippine (2018) economic growth moderated to 6.2
percent in 2018 from 6.7 percent in 2017, dragged down by lower growth in
global trade and domestic high inflation. In 2019, however, growth is projected to
reach 6.4 percent as inflation winds down and spending due to the upcoming
midterm elections is likely to boost private consumption growth. Export growth,
however, is likely to remain weak, as global growth and trade activities are
projected to moderate in the medium term. According to World bank, the
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Philippine economy has made progress in delivering inclusive growth, evidenced

by the declining poverty rates and a falling Gini coefficient. Poverty decreased
from 26.6 percent in 2006 to 21.6 percent in 2015 while Gini coefficient declined
from 42.9 to 40.1 over the same period. Unemployment has reached historic low
rates but underemployment remains high, near its 18-20 percent decade-long
average. The Philippines' public deficit was moderate at 1.1% of GDP in 2018; it
is expected to rise slightly to 1.5 and 1.4% in 2019 and 2020, according to
Heritage Foundation. Public debt also remained at 39.8% of GDP in 2018 and is
expected to decline to 39.2% in 2019 and 38.6% in2020. The inflation rate did
enlarge from 2.9% to 4.9% in 2018 but is projected to decline by the IMF to 4% in
2019 and 3.3% in 2020. Domestic consumption is demanded to remain the main
driver of the economy, accounting for 70% of GDP.
2.2 Literature
Agriculture is moribund, and this is a sad reality of the home. Agricultural
land is being improved into industrial areas, shopping malls and subdivision. Our
Farmers are getting old and their children have been change into their careers.
The Agriculture Industry has not furtherance in ages. Most of our agricultural
schools are creating office-oriented workers who would much rather do paper
works than to help improving the agricultural sector of the country. Not to
acknowledge the horror stories of degradation at the Department of Agriculture.
Even if the Philippines is known to be the primarily an agricultural country, we
have not done anything to 'encourage' this sector. we were ahead in Asia later
sixties. Different students come here to study agriculture and its technology. But
what’s wrong? They are now better than us. We lost in the race. (Sara Soliven
De Guzman, 2018)
Southeast Asian Regional Center hosted by the Philippine Government for
Graduate Study and Research and Agriculture (SEARCA) to hold a session on
the regional implications of the Philippines Rice Tarriffication Law (RTL) during
the symposium about Inaugural Rice Research on Wednesday (Nov. 13) that will
happen at Makati Shangri-La Hotel. The research symposium is part of 11th
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World Rice Conference that is organized by The Rice Trader (TRT). The
Republic Act 11203 or the RTL passed in the Philippines for lifting existing
quantitative import restrictions on rice.
With the current arrival of imported rice and the consequent investment in
domestic farm gate prices. The RTL has been amassed mixed reactions from
those various stakeholders of the local rice industry, for raising the questions as
to whether it is indeed beneficial for the Philippine rice industry.
The Rice production in Bohol consists of two agro‐ecosystems: irrigated
and rain fed farming. The Bohol Irrigation System (BIS) started its operation in
2009, currently spans 14 villages in 3 municipalities, and is expected to service
as many as 4,104 hectares in the future (JICA, 2012). The Bohol irrigation
System (BIS) works through a gravity irrigation system it composed of a
reservoir dam, a main canal, secondary canals and laterals, turnouts, and farm
ditches. Most of the farmers in the project site converted their rain fed plots to
irrigated plots as long as their plots were accessible to the irrigation facilities. Our
sample famers were randomly taken from these irrigated famers. The rain fed
sample farmers were randomly taken from adjacent villages that have similar
cultural and climatic background (Fig. 1). Rain fed rice farming is conducted in a
traditional manner with moderate use of modern inputs and little use of
machineries. The same scenario applied to the irrigated area until the start of
irrigation in 2009.
The Philippines’ being an agricultural country need to ingrain in promoting
inclusive development, and create more sustainable agriculture and food
systems, that are flexible to calamities and respond effectively to climate change
impact.. The main goal is to improve the agriculture sector to be able to acquire
food self-sufficiency, elevate the rural community and increase the salary of the
farmers. Agriculture’s beneficence to the economy is estimated to be about 40
per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) and two-thirds of jobs ascend from
agriculture. However, agricultural sector has been set with persistent demurral
resulting in low farm salary, low rural profession, lack of food security, and poor
agricultural competitiveness. Among the 17 targeted parts of the Global
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Sustainable Development Goals, the Philippines should specifically chase the

goals to end/minimize hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition, and
promote sustainable agriculture. The status of Philippine agriculture as well as
the challenges and strategies for sustainable improvement were discussed.
Challenges identified were lack of important provisions that will guarantee food
security and reduce poverty in the countryside, lack of programs that will link
agriculture with the industry, and insufficient activities aimed to dynamically
transfer advanced production, post- harvest, and processing technologies to the
stakeholders, among others. The University of the Philippines (UPLB), as the
premier university offering agricultural degrees in the country serves as the
leader in improving network of an integrated system in agriculture education that
effectively responds to the challenges faced by the agriculture sector, (Sanchez,
F.C. Jr, 2015).
The producer in the Philippines rice is operate in spatially environments

that are largely beyond their control. We decompose total factor productivity into
technical efficiencies and the environment–technology gap ratios because of
across four climatic zones for selected years from 1996/1997 to 2005/2006 and
using the farm‐level of panel data. Results show surprisingly little interzonal and
intertemporal variation in productivity. It is appears to the Philippine rice
producers have been able to adapt their crop management that have a strategies
sufficiently to suit their particular agro climatic conditions. However, after the
increase of the rice in the first 5 years of the study period, mean environment–
met technology gap ratios stagnated in the second 5 years. The met frontier does
not appear to have substantially shifted because of the outwards over the whole
period, suggesting the rice producers to achieved the little technological of
progress and the increased total factor productivity in the Philippines. (Marc Jim
Mariano 2011).
According to Cago (2017), they consider rice as most important food. In

fact this is the highest produced crop in the world and popular in Asian Countries.
As stated by burton, Philippines has enough rice and they exported some of the
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produced crop or harvest in the 70's this production of rice become possible by
crop breeding and increasing the use of fertilizer. They implement programs that
time which is "green revolution" and masagana 99" is targeted at minimum of 99
cavans per hectare and per season. Still the Philippines ranked on third rice
importation of the world. A huge consumption to increasing population is a result
of this situation (Philippines ricepedia).
In 1995 President Fidel Ramos took a distinct tack when he pushed the
membership of the country in the World Trade Organization (WOT). Including the
rice, agricultural trading is a necessary part of our ascencion to the WTO. At that
time, the country use of the complaint for rice import for ten years to allow the
government to put in place the essential productivity-enhancing measures to
defend our palay and them globaly competitive.Unfortunately, it is cryptic that our
past government did not do their homework of improving the production
efficiency of palay farmers. after the 10 year' grace period, hence, applied for
another 10 years immunity (though this required immolation another agricultural
producers though lower tariffs) from the lifting of quantitative restriction (QR)
( Cabayan, 2019)
According to Khan (1991), efforts to mechanize agriculture in many

developing countries have been directed towards introducing a variety of
imported farm machines. This import-based technology transfer strategy has not
been successful to small farm holdings. One reason could be the
inappropriateness of the technology to local farming conditions as most of these
machines were developed in countries with large farm holdings. And because
some of the number of farm that our country have is not that big so the
machineries that are being import is sometimes not suitable for the farmers to
use. Extension workers are the key persons in technology transfer. They need
not only interpersonal communication skills, but technical qualifications as well.
With a very limited number of extension staff for a big number of client-farmers,
the result would likely end-up in non-adoption of some technologies. Besides,
these workers might be lacking the capability to integrate the mechanization
technology in the total farming system. They too, might be lacking in trainings
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particularly dealing with agricultural mechanization (Paras, 2005). So the farmers

should also be familiar of the new technologies that is being invented to have
more products to produce in a fast and easiest way, to the point that they would
not put that much hard work because the machines would be like their
replacement.
The Farmers have their own preferences for agricultural technology

attributes, that may have been found to significantly influence adoption and
decisions. these are not always known that do they always match with the
objectives of the researchers to easily understand farmers’ preferences for rice
varietal trait improvements we conducted a framed field experiment. they
experiment provided the farmers the opportunity to participate early in rice
breeding research by expressing their need for trait improvements. In the
experiment, farmers were given an endowment fund of 100 Philippine pesos and
were asked to invest it among the VTIs they prefer and need using the
Investment Game Application a newly developed application for eliciting
preferences. The Farmers were sampled from randomly selected villages in three
municipalities in Nueva Ecija, is a major rice producing province in the
Philippines. In total, 122 households joined the experiment, and with both
husband and wife participating. they may use the fractional multinomial log it
model to examine the relationship of the proportion invested to VTIs with various
factors that may influence that farmers’ preferences. Results indicate that market
and climate change information, wet season cropping, hybrid varieties, and farm
size are among the factors that influence farmers to invest in trait improvements.
The results of the gender-specific analysis indicate that there are differences in
the factors that influence husband and wife in investing in trait improvements.
And overall the information from this study can assist breeders in their efforts to
make rice breeding more resource efficient and client-oriented, which could help
facilitate that adoption of new and improved varieties.
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3.0 Research Method
The research methodology involves the gathering of data through

interviews and reports which could provide necessary information to further
analysis and understand the topic being studied. This chapter presents and
describes the research design, data-gathering instruments, and data analysis
procedure.
3.1 Research Design
Descriptive method of research was used in this study, which did not only
require the collection of data but also describing the data presented in the paper.
The Qualitative Research Consultants Association (n.d.) defines

qualitative or exploratory research as one that is designed to reveal a target
audience’s range of behavior and the perceptions that drive it with reference to
specific topics or issues. Surveys may be used for descriptive, explanatory, and
exploratory research. It is used to find data for further understanding and
adequate interpretation (Calderon & Gonzales, 1993).
A descriptive survey design was used. A descriptive survey was selected

because it aims to gather data with accurate interpretation of its meaning and
significance. This design was chosen to meet the objectives of the study, which
involves the insights of an economist in Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan,
as well as procuring official documents and reports from several agencies.. In
particular, the study attempts to describe the effects of Rice Tariffication Law on
Filipino rice farmers.
3.2 Research Locale
The study was conducted on one of the province in Rizal this place
was selected for knowing the efficiency of the said among farmers. The
responded will be interviewed in their houses or ay comfortable place that the
respondent will choose to. This respondent will be interviewed via video chat.
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The researchers choose the plea of implementation because it will give the
researchers the need information for people. The study will be conducted n the
2nd semester of the academic year 2020.
3.3 Key Informant Sampling
The researchers used the simple random sampling in which a subset of

individuals chosen from a larger of set. The researcher chosen a region where
there are a lot of farmers which is the region 3 or Central Luzon. The researchers
list all the places in a piece of paper and put it in a bowl also the researcher list in
a piece of paper from number 1 to 3. The researchers first draw the number. The
number signifies how many respondents they will get it the place that the
researchers draw.
3.4 Research Ethics
This research study secured necessary permit from the principal of the
school and from the selected university involved in the study. An agreement was
established that the researchers and as well as the participating university to
maintain the confidentiality regards to information involved and to avoid possible
harm for the students and as well as for the university. Biases and personal
interest are taken away to ensure fairness. The name of the student and the
name of the selected university were not included in the interview; they were
labeled as Respondent I, Respondent 2 and were not used any other purposes
except for this research.
3.5 Research Instrument
To provide and gather as much informative and relative evaluation

descriptive method was used. This method includes the use of questionnaires
and interviews. The tools used by the researchers are discussed. A
questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument for this study. It
was divided into main sections: the profile and the questionnaire proper. The
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profile contains socio-demographic characteristic of respondents such as name

(optional), age, and gender.
3.6 Data Collection
Traditionally, to collect the data we‘re using paper-based methods to be

easy to conduct a research. Even the methods have been developing into online.
We used an open-ended question that allows the respondents to express their
own thoughts, ideas, & opinions. Through this method, the researchers followed
a step by step process of data collection before and after gathering results; First,
is to make a clear data collection aim and do the questions base on the study.
Second, is to recognize the main objective of the research. And should find the
main conclusion to analyze and find the best solution. Then, plan the approach
that will be done during the data collection procedure, discuss about who will be
surveyed, source of data & duration of data. Third, start to conduct a survey with
the schedule. Fourth, analyze the data that is in the survey. Understanding of
data with the use of statistical analysis. Last but not the least, is to act a
elucidate results from the interpretation of data.
3.7 Data Analysis
The primary instrument that we used is the survey or interview guide

question. The researchers sum up to the results that the farmers common
problems are the insects, natural disaster and the low price of palay caused by
the economy of the Philippines. Based on the answers most of affected areas are
the north region like pampanga, and the one of the largest rice producer which is
the nueva ecija. The farmer's way so they can survive is they sell their land and
sell their palay in the lower price so they can have their budget. The researcher
asked the opinion of the respondents why our country experience these
problems because of the government especially Cynthia Villar who declared the
tarrification law that caused low income to the farmers. Farmers said that just
10% they received from the original price, the imported rice is much higher price
compare to our rice so definitely farmers suffer loss of income.
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4.0 RESULTS
This chapter contains the transcription of the audio recording to afield

text used for the data analysis. The respondents answer the question by their
own knowledge and thoughts.
1. What are the common problems faced by the Filipino rice farmers in
Philippines?
Respondent 1: “Mababa ang benta ng mga magsasaka na

nagbebenta ng palay kasi ginagawa para mabenta yung palay ay binababaan
yung presyo,lugi kami. ”
Respondent 2: “Bilang magsasakaang aming mgakinakaharap na

problema ay yung sa sakahanmay mga peste tulad ng daga at kung ano ano
pa.”
Respondent 3: “So yung una na dyan pagkasira ng pananim due to

natural disaster like typhoons and flashfloods panglawa na dyan is yung
walang sapat na pagpuhunan.”
Respondent 4: “Pangunahing problema is yung patubig.”
Respondent 5: “Mga peste at mga sakit ng palay tapos kakulangan

pang irigasyon sobra pa ang pagbaba ng presyo ng palay.”
2. How the problem of Filipino rice farmers does affect the Philippines?
Respondent 1: “Ayun na nga mababa benta ng mga farmers dito ng

palay syempre yung ekonomiya ng pilipinas tungkol sa palay ay bumababa,
etong gobyerno kasi mas pinili pa yung ibang bansa tapos di na pinansin yung
atin.”
Respondent 2: “ Maiisip ng mga kababayan natin na grabe ang

ginawa ng gobyerno sa aming mga magsasaka.”
Respondent 3: “Makukulangan ng supply ang pilipinas at mapipilitan

ang gobyerno na mag import sa ibang bansa para sa mga rice retailers
naman mapipilitan din sila bumili ng bigas sa mataas na presyo.”
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Respondent 4: “Yun nga kulang sa kwan patubig kami umaasa lang

kami sa patubig ulan.”
Respondent 5: “Syempre kapag kaunti ang naa-ani walang ma

produce na bigas dahil sa mga peste o sakit ng mga pananim mag-kukulang ang
supply sa bansa.”
3. Where is the mostly affected area?
Respondent 1: " Bandang norte lahat eh nueva ecija, pampanga tas

yung iba naman sa bicol ganon. “
Respondent 2: “Yung lugar na kadalasan dinadaanan ng bagyo tulad

ng aming probinsya ng Pampanga.”
Respondent 3: “Nueva ecija kasi it is one of the largest rice producers

in the Philippines.”
Respondent 4: “Dito sa parte ng Luzon.”
Respondent 5: “Siguro sa mga madalas masalanta ng kalamidad

gaya ng bagyo.”
4. What is the process that Filipino rice farmers tried to solve the
problem?
Respondent 1: “ Yung iba na malalakas loob nagrally sila tungkol dito

sa problema na ito, yung iba naman wala ng magawa mapipilitan na lang ibenta
yung palay nila na mas murang halaga.””
Respondent 2: “ Bilang nag mamay ari ng lupain na pinagsasakahan

nagagawa namin itong ibenta para mairaos ang aming pamilya.
Respondent 3: “Usually nag sesecond plan para mapunan yung

shortage ng supply at saka para mabawi na rin yung puhanan naming sa
pagtatanim.”
Respondent 4: “Kailangan ang gobyerno tumulong sa amin magpatayo ng

irigasayon.”
17
Respondent 5: “Sa pamamagitan ng pag spray ng gamot laban sa mga

peste at naninira ng pananim.”.
5. Why did the Philippines experience this kind of circumstances?
Respondent 1: “Gobyerno lang naman kasi may kasalanan naging

pabaya sila.”
Respondent 2: “Nararanasan ito ng pinas dahil sa kulang sa kapital at

problema na din naming mag sasaka kung paano namin itataguyod ang aming
pamilya.”
Respondent 3: “Natural disasters since Philippines isa a tropical

country di natin mapipigilan yung natural disasters na yan na nakakasira sa
pananim natin then walang ibang choice ang gobyerno kailangan nila mag import
para hindi lng magkulang sa supply ng bigas.”
Respondent 4: “Syempre kunti yung naitutulong ng gobyerno sa amin

na tulong.”
Respondent 5: “Sa kakulangan na din ng capital na paghalili sa mga

pananim at palay sa sobrang mahal na din ng mga bitamina na para sa
pananim.”
6. When did the Filipino rice farmers started to experience the

problem?
Respondent 1: “Matagal na yan, yung problema na yan pero naging

aktibo na naman nung September ata.”
Respondent 2: “Noon pa lang nararanasan na namin ito dahil sa

laging murang bentahan ng bigas sa market at sa pag daan din ng el niño.”
Respondent 3: “Nagkakaproblema lang kami pag natamaan ng

malakas na bagyo yung lugar naming o nalubong sa baha yung palayan naming
hindi moa gad mlalamn kung kalian mangyayari yung mga ganong bagay.”
Respondent 4: “Matagal na simula nung nagka-mulat ako at

nagkaisip di umaansenso ang magsasaka kasi kinukurakot ng gobyerno.”
18
Respondent 5: “Matagal-tagal na din simula ng magsisulpotan ang

mga peste na namemeste sa pananim.”
7. Who is the person behind that tariffication law in Filipino rice

farmers?
Respondent 1: “Gobyerno lang naman lagi.”
Respondent 2: “Yung bagong problema si cynthia villar talaga may

pakana eh.”
Respondent 3: “Ayon sa naririning ko sa news ay si Senator Cynthia

Villar.”
Respondent 4: “Cynthia Villar di na naming iboboto yan.”
Respondent 5: “Di na naming alam basta napapanood na lang sa

balita na ganoon na.”
8. How much does the Filipino rice farmers earn while the problem is
ongoing?
Respondent 1: “Maliit talaga kita kasi napipilitan na magbenta na

murang halaga."
Respondent 2: “Inaabot na lang ng apat hanggang anim na libo ang

aming kinikita kada buwan.”
Respondent 3: “Minsan maliit lang mga nasa 10% lng ng puhunan

ang kita minsan lugi simula nung naaprobahan yung rice tariffication law.”
Respondent 4: “Sobrang liit madala lugi 20,000 sa loob ng tatlong

buwan.”
Respondent 5: “Sobrang liit madalas lugi pasa gasoline pa lang

sobrang mahal na paano pa yung mga gamot para pumatay ng ga peste at mga
ligaw na damo walang wala na talaga.”
19
9. How will the Filipino rice farmers react about the problem faced by
them?
Respondent 1: “Kahit naman magreact di naman papansinin ng

gobyerno.”
Respondent 2: “Nalungkot kasi walang natutulong na matinong

paraangobyerno saamin.”
Respondent 3: “After maamprobrahan yung rice tariffication law yung

presyohan ng palay sobrang baba instead of selling it inimbak ko na lang at
naghanap ng rice corromilling para yung rice grain macoconvert as rice na so
hindi na kailagan bumili ng rice.”
Respondent 4: “Syempre malungkot kasi kukunti yung kinikita dahil

puro mahal yung mga binibiling gamit.”
Respondent 5: “Wala naman kaming magawa kundi magtanim ng

magtanim kasi kung hindi wala na din kaming mapapakain sa aming pamilya.”
10. What are your thoughts about tariffication law?
Respondent 1: “Di yan mabuti sa aming farmers kasi kawawa naman

kami di na nabebenta ng malaking presyo saamin puro sa ibang bansa na lang."
Respondent 2: “Nabebenta ng mas malaking halaga yung mga palay

o bigas na galing sa ibang bansa kesa sa amin.”
Respondent 3: “Rice Tariffication law is a not effective the price of rice

grains is so low and many farmers suffer loss of income, the rice seeds,
fertilizers, and gas use for water irrigation is sold in a high price and the rice
grains is sold for a very low price so the farmers definitely suffer loss of income.”
Respondent 4: “Nakakalungkot dahil imbis na samin magsasaka

kumuha ng traders ng bigas eh sa ibang bansa sila kumukuha.”
Respondent 5: “Sobrang dehado kaming magsasaka at ang

nakakalungkot doon ay wala kaming magawa.”
20
5.0 CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter contains the in-depth analyzation and generalizations derived

from the contextual analysis of the previous chapter.
5.1 Conclusion
The researchers ascertain that the problem faced by the Filipino rice
farmers. This concludes that during rice tariffication law Filipino rice farmers was
being suffered in this, because their misery to plant a palay or rice is there’s no
replacement equivalent of their misery. Because that time the rice of Filipino rice
farmers is not priority of Philippine government. Government is keep choosing
the rice from other country. So that the Filipino rice farmers sell their rice in a
small price, just to survived their daily lives with their family. Buying the local rice
is one of the best ways to help the Filipino rice farmers and also it can lessen the
poverty of the Filipino rice farmers. The government’s rice research agency
blamed the 10-percent drop in the income of rice farmers, especially those
dependent on motorized pumps for irrigation, on higher fuel prices due to the
administration’s tax package. Rice is an important part of the Filipino diet and is
an integral component of the household food security.
5.2 Discussion
The problem of Filipino rice farmers is chronic the time have past but the
government has no effective plan or solution to solve the poverty about Filipino
rice farmers. And the latest problem now in Philippines about rice farmers is
when the rice tariffication has implemented there are many farmers suffered
about this law because this law removed the limited rice importing in the country
of Philippines, which is the unlimited importing of rice from other country. Then
farmers react to that they said will not be able to concurrent with the imported
rice maybe it will outweigh the local farmers.
Some problem of filipino rice farmers is also about in some insects which
is destroying of their plants and also about the selling rice it is in a low price.
Respondents has a different thoughts about the rice tarrification law but their
answer to that is the tariffication law is not good to them they said that its unfair
way because local farmers was suffering in that law. Filipino rice farmer is poor
then they become poorer because of rice tariffication law.
21
5.3 Recommendation
The researchers successfully gathered data and information to support the

study "the problem faced by the Filipino rice farmers". The researchers
conducted a survey for the chosen rice farmers here in the Philippines, to know
and share the results of this research such as the relevant information which are
discussed thoroughly expounded in the previous chapter.
Furthermore, the research problems are hereby answered satisfying the

researcher’s purpose and objectives in conducting this research. The
researcher’s objective to this study is to know the sacrifices of the Filipino rice
farmers and to identify the ways on how Filipinos can extend support to the rice
farmers and it was all answered by the respondents which are the Filipino rice
farmers.
Hence, the researchers respectfully recommend this research study for

those who want to know the sacrifices of the rice farmers in the Philippines.
22
6.0 APPENDICES
6.1 Curriculum Vitae

ARJOY ACOL RAMOS
Block 2 Lot 6 Barangay Kalayaan, Candrenai,
Angono Rizal, 1930
ramosarjoy@gmail.com
09491544891
PERSONAL INFORMATION
 Birthday: April 14, 2003

 Gender: Female
 Age: 16
 Nationality: Filipino
 Civil status: Single
 Religion: Roman Catholic
 Mother’s name: Mary Joy Gahisan Ramos
 Father’s name: Arnold Santiago Ramos
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 Senior High School:

Our Lady of Fatima University, Accountancy,
Business and Management - Antipolo Campus,
(2019 – 2020)
 Junior High School:
Raises Academy - Angono, Rizal, (2015 – 2019)
 Elementary School:
San Jose, Elementary School – Tarlac, City
Joaquin Guido Elementary School, (2011 – 2015)
Angono, Rizal (2009 – 2011)
San Andres Day Care Center School – Cainta, Rizal
(2008 – 2009)
Arjoy Acol Ramos

Signature over printed name
23
SALUNGA, MARVIC JOSEPH
Tres Hermanas Phase 3, Orchids Street, Mayamot
Antipolo City, 1870
gelica_20@yahoo.com
09165971870
● Birthday: October 31,2002

● Gender: Male
● Age: 17
● Nationality: Filipino
● Civil status: Single
● Religion: Roman Catholic
● Mother’s name: Marialy N. Salunga
● Father’s name: Melvic M. Salunga
● Senior High School

Our Lady of Fatima University Accountancy Business and
Management - Antipolo Capus (2019-2020)
● Junior High School
Bagong Nayon II National High School - Padilla,Antipolo
(2017-2019)
The Pleasant Mount School -Mayamot, Antipolo (2015-2017)
● Elementary School
The Pleasant Mount School -Mayamot,Antipolo (2008-2015)
Marvic Joseph Salunga
24
VILLAFLOR, GINO PAUL L
#44 Carigma Street,Barangay San Jose,
Antipolo City,1870
Villaflorginopaul@gmail.com
09672352407
PERSONAL IMFORMATION
 Date of Birth: October 7,2002

 Place of Birth: Antipolo City,Rizal
 Gender : Male
 Age: 17
 Civil Status: Single
 Weight: 50kg
 Height: 5’9
 Senior High School

Our Lady of Fatima University Antipolo City Rizal
Accountancy and Business Management 2019-2021
 Junior High School
San Roque National High School Antipolo City Rizal
2015-2019
 Elementary School
Juan Sumulong Elementary School Antipolo, City
(2009-2015)
Gino Paul L Villaflor
25
ABACANO, JOHANNAH R.
Kingsville Hills Subdivision Barangay San Isidro
Antipolo City, 1870
hannahabacano@yahoo.com
09360611511
 Birthday: December 6, 2001

 Gender: Female
 Age: 18
 Height: 5’5
 Mother’s name: Purification R. Abacano
 Father’s name: Alberto R. Abacano

Management - Antipolo Campus (2019-2020)
San Jose National High School Antipolo, City(2015 – 2019)
Juan Sumulong Elementary School Antipolo, City (2009-2015)
Johannah R. Abacano
26
CABIARA KRISTINE MAE M.

087 Parola St. Brgy. San Andres
Cainta, Rizal
tintinkylecabiara@yahoo.com
09198347665
 Birthday: March 15, 2003

 Gender: Female
 Age: 16
 Mother’s name: Maricel Cabiara
 Father’s name: Rolando Cabiara

Management - Antipolo Campus (2019-2020)
Sta. Lucia Highschool Pasig,City (2015-2019)
Cainta Elementary School Cainta,Rizal (2009-2015)
Kristine Mae M. Cabiara

27
CARTATIVO, MA. KYLA R.

#56 Munding Avenue Street, Barangay San Roque,
Marikina City, 1801
CartativoKyla@Gmail.com
# 09305655255
 Birthdate July 14, 2002
 Birth Place Marikina City
 Height 5’4’
 Weight 40kg
 Sex Female
 Religion Roman Catholic
 Nationality Filipino
Our Lady of Fatima University, Antipolo City (ABM)
Accountancy Business and Management 2019 – 2021
Sta. Elena High School, Marikina City 4 years
2016 – 2019
 Primary
San Roque Elementary School, Marikina City 6 years
2009 – 2015
Ma. Kyla R. Cartativo

28
GALERA, PRINCESS FIONHA

Sunny Valle. Pantok Binangonan,
Rizal
Fionha.galera@gmail.com
09178724945
 Birthday: October 20, 2002
 Gender: Female
 Age: 17
 Mother’s name: Nina Bonita Galera
 Father’s name: Alexander Galera
● Senior High School:
Our Lady of Fatima University Accountancy
Business and Management - Antipolo Campus (2019-2020)
● Junior High School:
Claremont School of Binangonan (2015-2019)
● Elementary School:
Claremont School of Binangonan (2009-2015)
Princess Fionha Galera

29
GARCIA, RACHEL ALYSSA C.

#78 Sto Niño Street, Barangay San Jose,
Antipolo City, 1870
rachelxgrc02@gmail.com
 Birthday March 02, 2003
 Gender Female
 Civil Status Single
 Religion Roman Catholic
 Citizenship Filipino
 Mother’s Name Shirley C. Garcia
 Father’s Name Rolan J. Garcia
 Tertiary: Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Our Lady of Fatima University(2022-2026)
 Senior High School: Accountancy Business Management
Our Lady of Fatima University(2019-2022)
 Junior High School: La Salle College Antipolo (2015-2019)
 Primary: Juan Sumulong Elementary School (2009-2015)
Rachel Alyssa C. Garcia

30
PAQUIZ, KATRINA P.
129 H. Alarcon, Barangay Dela Paz,
Antipolo City, 1870
katpaquiz96@gmail.com
09275692252
 Age: 21
 Birthday: January 08, 2003
 Civil Status: Single
 Mother’s Name: Shirley P. Paquiz
 Father’s Name: Arnelson U. Paquiz

Our Lady of Fatima University ABM (2019- 2020)
St. Clare Science High School (2015- 2019)
 Primary
St. Clare Montessori School (2009- 2015)
 Pre-school
St. Clare Montessori School (2006- 2009)
Katrina P. Paquiz
31
RICARE JAIREEN
#17 Agnesville Subd. Mambugan
Antipolo City, 1870
Ricarejaireen29@yahoo.com0
09776229078
 Birthday: June 29, 2002

 Gender: Female
 Age: 17
 Religion:Roman Catholic
 Mother’s name: Joecelyn L. Ricare
 Father’s name: Eduardo S. Bañaga

Management - Antipolo Capus (2019-2020)
Mambugan National High School (2018-2019)
Sta.Elena High School Marikina (2016-2018)
The Pleasant Mount School -Mayamot, Antipolo (2015-2016)
 Elementary School
Mambugan Elementary School ,Antipolo (2008-2015)
Jaireen Ricare
32
TANGLAO, MA CRISTINA MAE D.
B1 Lot 33a Felicidad Phase 5
Barangay Burgos, Rodriguez Rizal , 1860
cristinamaetanglao@gmail.com
09215265281
 Height : 5’5
 Weight : 56 kg
 Religion : Roman Catholic
 Civil Status : Single
 Nationality : Filipino
 Age : 17
 Sex : Female
 Birthday : July 28, 2003

 Senior High School : Our Lady of Fatima University Accountancy

Business
Management 2019 – 2021
 Junior High School : Virgen Del Pilar School 2015 – 2019
 Primary : Burgos Elementary School 2009 – 2015

Ma. Cristina Mae D. Tanglao

33
VILLANO, JONABELLE D.
#531 Daliah Street Dalig 1
Antipolo City, 1870
jonnabellevillano@gmail.com
09550674414
PERSONAL INFPORMATION
 Birthday: June 15,2003

 Age: 17
 Gender: Female
 Status : Single
 Father Name: Rodrigo Villano JR
 Mother Name: Lodivina Villano
EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Our Lady Of Fatima University Antipolo City 2019 – 2020
Dalig National High School Antipolo City 2018 – 2019
 Primary Dalig Elementary School Antipolo City 2010 -
2016
Villano Jonnabelle D.
34
6.2 Bibliographies
Annette M. Tobias (2019) , The Philippine Rice Tariffication Law:

Implications and Issues, 2019, from
http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/files/ap_policy/960/960_1.pdf
Patricia Yap (2019), Struggling Filipino Rice Farmers, from

https://www.wheninmanila.com/our-struggling-filipino-rice-farmers-why-you-
should-care-and-how-you-can-help/?
Bianca Velasco (2019), Filipino rice farmers, from

https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/239348-what-people-can-do-help-rice-farmers-
philippines
Casas (2019), The Impact of the Rice Tariffication Law on Filipino Rice
Farmers, from https://www.scribd.com/document/428078829/The-Impact-of-the-
Rice-Tariffication-Law-on-Filipino-Rice-Farmers
Simeon (2019), Overview of Philippines Rice Industry, from

http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=960
Lubang (2019), Overview of Philippine Agriculture, from

https://www.scribd.com/document/428078829/The-Impact-of-the-Rice-
Tariffication-Law-on-Filipino-Rice-Farmers
De Guzman (2018), Overview of Philippine Agriculture, from

http://ais_Eco_growth_agri 2018.pdf
PCARRD (2018), The Current state of Agriculture in the Philippines, from

http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/files/ap_policy/941/941_1.pdf
Uvero (2019), The Philippines and World Trade Organization, from

https://www.portcalls.com/ph-rice-tariffication-act/
De Guzman (2018), Agriculture from

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0067/1563255.pdf
World Bank, Philippine (2018), Overview of the Philippine Economy, from

https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/overview
Ocampo (2018), The Agricultural Tariffication Law, from

http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=960&print=1
35
Khan (1991), Problem, Issues and Constraints, from

http://www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/momentum/agmachin/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=297:problems-issuesandconstraints
JICA (2012), The Rice Production, from

http://oar.icrisat.org/10760/1/Spatial%20dependency%20and%20technical%20ef
%EF%AC%81ciency.pdf
Calderon & Gonzales (1993), Qualitative Research, from

https://www.coursehero.com/file/16729591/METHODS-OF-RESEARCH-
Calderon-Gonzales/
Philippine Chamber of Agriculture and Food, from

https://www.interaksyon.com/politics-issues/2019/09/05/154489/farmers-rice-
tarrification-law-effects/
36
6.3 Letter of Consent (Blank Format)

Our Lady of Fatima University AC
LETTER OF CONSENT
March 5, 2020
Mr. Julieto C. Comendador
In partial fulfillment of our requirements for Practical Research. We the Senior High
School student of section BE ABM 11Y2 -2P will be conducting a research entitled "The
Problem Faced by the Filipino Rice Farmers".
In regards to this, we would like to us you to allow us to conduct a survey that will serve
as a data for our research.
Your approval will be greatly appreciated. Thank You and God bless!
Sincerely: Checked by:
Arjoy A. Ramos Ms. Maribeth Besmonte
Principal Investigator Practical Research
Members: Noted:
Salunga, Marvic Joseph N. Dr. Hansel Hope Perez
Villaflor, Gino Paul L. Coordinator of HUMMS & GAS
Abacano, Johannah R.
Cabiara, Kristine Mae M. Approved by:
Cartativo, Kyla R. Mr. Julieto C. Comendador
Galera, Princess Fiohna T. Principal
Garcia, Rachel C.
Paquiz, Katrina P.
Ricare, Jaireen
Tanglao, Ma. Cristina Mae D.
Villano, Jonnabelle D.
37
6.4 Waiver (Blank Format)

Senior High School Department
WAIVER
I am allowing my son/daughter a Grade 11 of
this University to participate in the research study entitled “The Problem Faced
by the Filipino Rice Farmers” on (date) at
(venue).
This waiver is an affirmation that Our Lady of Fatima University will
not be held liable for any untoward and unforeseen incident that may occur as a
result of my son/daughter’s participation in the activity.
Student’s Signature over Printed Name Parent’s Signature over Printed Name
Ms. Maribeth Besmonte
Instructor’s Signature over Printed Name
Ms. Marvelyn Vallente
Adviser’s Signature over Printed Name
38
6.5 Questionnaire
Senior High School Department
The Problem Faced by the Filipino Rice Farmers
Name (optional): Age: 30 – 50 71 - 90
Sex: Female Male 51- 70
Questions:
1. What are the common problems faced by the Filipino rice farmers
in Philippines?
2. How the problem of Filipino rice farmers does affect the

Philippines?
3. Where is the mostly affected area?
4. What is the process that Filipino rice farmers tried to solve the
problem?
5. Why did the Philippines experience this kind of circumstances?
6. When did the Filipino rice farmers started to experience the

problem?
7. Who is the person behind that tariffication law in Filipino rice

farmers?
8. How much does the Filipino rice farmers earn while the problem is
ongoing?
9. How will the Filipino rice farmers react about the problem faced by
them?
10. What are your thoughts about tariffication law?
39

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Practical Research Farmers

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Problem Faced by the Filipino Rice Farmers

1.1 Background of the study

General inflation when accompanied by growth may be associated with an

According to the Philippine Chamber of Agriculture and Food, the

1.3 Statement of Problem

1.4 Scope and Delimitations

2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

2.1 Local Studies

2.1.2 Overview of Philippine Agriculture

According to De Guzman (2018), the agricultural sector employs only

2.1.3 Overview of Philippine Agriculture

2.1.4 The Rice Tariffication

2.1.5 The Current state of Agriculture in the Philippines

2.1.6 The Philippines and World Trade Organization

2.1.7 The Relationship between Rice Tariffication and Inflation

senator, Cynthia was measured the prepare jointly by committees on agricultural

2.1.8 The Agricultural Tariffication Law

2.1.9 Problems, Issues, and Constraints in Philippine Agriculture

2.1.10 Overview of the Philippine Economy

Philippine economy has made progress in delivering inclusive growth, evidenced

Sustainable Development Goals, the Philippines should specifically chase the

The producer in the Philippines rice is operate in spatially environments

According to Cago (2017), they consider rice as most important food. In

According to Khan (1991), efforts to mechanize agriculture in many

particularly dealing with agricultural mechanization (Paras, 2005). So the farmers

The Farmers have their own preferences for agricultural technology

3.0 Research Method

The research methodology involves the gathering of data through

3.1 Research Design

The Qualitative Research Consultants Association (n.d.) defines

A descriptive survey design was used. A descriptive survey was selected

3.2 Research Locale

3.3 Key Informant Sampling

The researchers used the simple random sampling in which a subset of

3.4 Research Ethics

3.5 Research Instrument

To provide and gather as much informative and relative evaluation

profile contains socio-demographic characteristic of respondents such as name

3.6 Data Collection

Traditionally, to collect the data we‘re using paper-based methods to be

3.7 Data Analysis

The primary instrument that we used is the survey or interview guide

This chapter contains the transcription of the audio recording to afield

Respondent 1: “Mababa ang benta ng mga magsasaka na

Respondent 2: “Bilang magsasakaang aming mgakinakaharap na

Respondent 3: “So yung una na dyan pagkasira ng pananim due to

Respondent 4: “Pangunahing problema is yung patubig.”

Respondent 5: “Mga peste at mga sakit ng palay tapos kakulangan

Respondent 1: “Ayun na nga mababa benta ng mga farmers dito ng

Respondent 2: “ Maiisip ng mga kababayan natin na grabe ang

Respondent 3: “Makukulangan ng supply ang pilipinas at mapipilitan

Respondent 4: “Yun nga kulang sa kwan patubig kami umaasa lang

Respondent 5: “Syempre kapag kaunti ang naa-ani walang ma

3. Where is the mostly affected area?

Respondent 1: " Bandang norte lahat eh nueva ecija, pampanga tas

Respondent 2: “Yung lugar na kadalasan dinadaanan ng bagyo tulad

Respondent 3: “Nueva ecija kasi it is one of the largest rice producers

Respondent 4: “Dito sa parte ng Luzon.”

Respondent 5: “Siguro sa mga madalas masalanta ng kalamidad

Respondent 1: “ Yung iba na malalakas loob nagrally sila tungkol dito

Respondent 2: “ Bilang nag mamay ari ng lupain na pinagsasakahan

Respondent 3: “Usually nag sesecond plan para mapunan yung