BS Mathematics Curriculum National University

National University of Sciences and Technology
1.
2.
Curriculum for BS
Mathematics
School of Natural Sciences
2014
Effective From Fall 2014 (Modified on July 18, 2014)

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Table of Contents
List of BS Mathematics Courses with Prerequisites ....................................................................... 4
MATH-111 Calculus-I .................................................................................................................... 6
MATH-112 Calculus-II .................................................................................................................. 9
MATH-213 Calculus-III ............................................................................................................... 11
MATH-235 Mathematical Computing ......................................................................................... 13
MATH-242 Real Analysis-I ......................................................................................................... 15
MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I............................................................................. 17
MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory ..................................................................................... 19
MATH-272 Discrete Mathematics and Applications ................................................................... 21
MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I .......................................................................................... 24
MATH-262 Mathematical Statistics-II ......................................................................................... 27
MATH-321 Linear Algebra ........................................................................................................ 30
MATH-322 Group Theory............................................................................................................ 32
MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I ................................................................................................ 34
MATH-342 Real Analysis-II ........................................................................................................ 37
MATH-343 Complex Analysis ..................................................................................................... 39
MATH-344 Metric and Topological Spaces................................................................................. 42
MATH-353 Partial Differential Equations ................................................................................... 44
MATH-381 Differential Geometry-I ............................................................................................ 48
MATH-423 Rings and Fields........................................................................................................ 50
MATH-455 Integral Equations ..................................................................................................... 52
MATH-473 Operations Research ................................................................................................. 55
MATH-457 Mathematical Modeling ............................................................................................ 57
MATH-445 Measure and Integration ........................................................................................... 59
MATH-446 Functional Analysis .................................................................................................. 61
MATH-424 Advanced Group Theory-I ........................................................................................ 63
MATH-425 Advanced Group Theory-II ...................................................................................... 65
MATH-426 Module Theory ......................................................................................................... 67
MATH-433 Numerical Analysis II ............................................................................................. 69
MATH-434 Numerical Linear Algebra ........................................................................................ 71
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MATH-452 Ordinary Differential Equations-II ........................................................................... 73

MATH-456 Discrete Dynamical Systems .................................................................................... 75
MATH-463 Stochastic Processes ................................................................................................. 77
MATH-471 Cryptography ............................................................................................................ 79
MATH-475 Game Theory ............................................................................................................ 81
MATH-482 Differential Geometry-II ........................................................................................... 82
MATH-491 Fluid Mechanics ....................................................................................................... 86
MATH-492 Computational Fluid Dynamics ................................................................................ 90
PHY-106 Mechanics ..................................................................................................................... 92
PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism ............................................................................................ 96
PHY-204 Electrodynamics I ......................................................................................................... 98
PHY-302 Quantum Mechanics I................................................................................................. 100
PHY-361 Special Relativity........................................................................................................ 102
PHY-465 General Relativity ....................................................................................................... 104
CH-103 Chemistry ...................................................................................................................... 106
BIO-110 Introduction to Biology................................................................................................ 107
HU-108 Communication & Interpersonal Skills ........................................................................ 109
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List of BS Mathematics Courses with Prerequisites

S. N Subject Code Subject CHs Prerequisite
1. PHY-106 Mechanics 3-1 NONE
2. PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism 3-0 PHY-106 Mechanics
3. MATH-111 Calculus I 3-0 NONE
4. MATH-112 Calculus-II 4-0 NONE
5. HU-100 English 3-0 NONE
6. CH-103 Chemistry 3-1 NONE
7. BIO-110 Introductory Biology 2-1 NONE
8. Fundamentals of Computer 3-1 NONE
CS-110
Programming
9. HU-108 Communication and Interpersonal Skills 3-0 NONE
10. HU-107 Pakistan Studies 2-0 NONE
11. HU-101 Islamic Studies 2-0 NONE
12. MATH-213 Calculus-III 3-0 MATH-111 Calculus-I
13. MATH-235 Mathematical Computing 2-1 NONE
14. MATH-242 Real Analysis-I 3-0 MATH-111 Calculus-I
15. MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I 3-0 NONE
16. MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I 3-0 NONE
17. MATH-262 Mathematical Statistics-II 3-0 MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I
18. MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory 3-0 NONE
19. MATH-272 Discrete Mathematics and Applications 3-0 NONE
20. ECO-101 Principles of Microeconomics 3-0 NONE
21. ECO-111 Principles of Macroeconomics 3-0 NONE
22. HU-212 Technical Writing 3-0 NONE
23. HU-222 Professional Ethics 2-0 NONE
24. MATH-321 Linear Algebra 4-0 NONE
25. MATH-322 Group Theory 3-0 NONE
26. MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I 3-0 MATH-321 Linear Algebra
27. MATH-342 Real Analysis-II 3-0 MATH-242 Real Analysis-I
28. MATH-343 Complex Analysis 3-0 NONE
29. MATH-344 Metric and Topological Spaces 3-0 NONE
30. MATH-353 Partial Differential Equations 3-0 MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations -I
31. MATH-354 Calculus of Variations 3-0 NONE
32. MATH-381 Differential Geometry-I 3-0 NONE
33. MGT-471 Entrepreneurship 2-0 NONE
34. MATH-423 Rings and Fields 3-0 MATH-322 Group Theory
35. MATH-435 Introduction to Finite Element Method 3-0 MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I, MATH-353
Partial Differential Equations
36. MATH-436 Introduction to Approximation Theory 3-0 (undecided)
37. MATH-455 Integral Equations 3-0 NONE
38. MATH-473 Operations Research 3-0 NONE
39. MATH-445 Measure and Integration 3-0 MATH-342 Real Analysis- II
40. MATH-457 Mathematical Modeling 3-0 MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations -I
41. MATH-446 Functional Analysis 3-0 MATH-344 Metric and Topological Spaces
42. CSL-401 Community Services Learning 1-1 NONE
43. MATH-424 Advanced Group Theory-I 3-0 MATH-322 Group Theory
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44. MATH-425 Advanced Group Theory-II 3-0 MATH-424 Advanced Group Theory-I
45. MATH-426 Module Theory 3-0 MATH-423 Rings and Fields
46. MATH-433 Numerical Analysis II 3-0 MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I
47. MATH-434 Numerical Linear Algebra 3-0 MATH-321 Linear Algebra
48. MATH-452 Ordinary Differential Equations-II 3-0 MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations -I
49. MATH-456 Discrete Dynamical Systems 3-0 MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations -I
50. MATH-463 Stochastic Processes 3-0 MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I
51. MATH-471 Cryptography 3-0 MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory
52. MATH-475 Game Theory 3-0 NON
53. MATH-482 Differential Geometry-II 3-0 MATH-381Differential Geometry-I
54. MATH-483 Spherical Trigonometry 3-0 NON
55. MATH-491 Fluid Mechanics 3-0 MATH112 Calculus-II
56. MATH-492 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3-0 MATH-491 Fluid Mechanics
57. PHY-203 Classical Mechanics I 3-0 PHY-106 Mechanics
58. PHY-204 Electrodynamics I 3-0 PHY-106 Mechanics
59. PHY-302 Quantum Mechanics-I 3-0 PHY-106 Mechanics
60. PHY-361 Special Relativity 3-0 PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism
61. PHY-465 General Relativity 3-0 PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism
62. Data Structures & Algorithms CS-110 Fundamentals of Computer
CS-250 3-1
Programming
63. ECO-325 Introduction to Econometrics 3-0 MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I, MATH-
262 Mathematical Statistics-II
64. ECO-326 Applied Econometrics 3-0 ECO-101 Principles of Microeconomics, ECO-
111 Principles of Macroeconomics, ECO-325
Introduction to Econometrics
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MATH-111 Calculus-I
Credit Hours: 3-0

Pre-requisites. None
Course Objectives:
Calculus serves as the foundation of advanced subjects in all areas of mathematics. The objective of this
course is to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of limit, continuity, differential and integral
calculus of functions of one variable. This FIRST course of Calculus covers in depth the differential
calculus portion of a three-course calculus sequence.
Core Contents:
Functions in numerical, graphical, and analytical forms, continuity, limits, derivatives and integrals;
numerical approximations for limits, derivatives and integrals; Riemann Sum.
Detailed Contents:
• Equations and inequalities: Solving linear and quadratic equations, linear inequalities. Division of
polynomials, synthetic division. Roots of polynomial, rational roots; Viete Relations. Descartes rule
of signs. Solutions of equations with absolute value sign. Solution of linear and non-linear
inequalities with absolute value sign.
• Functions and graphs: Domain and range of a function. Examples: polynomial, rational, piecewise
defined functions, absolute value function, and evaluation of such functions. Operations with
functions: sum, product, quotient and composition.
• Graphs of functions: linear, quadratic, piecewise defined functions.
• Lines and systems of equations: Equation of a straight line, slope and intercept of a line, parallel
and perpendicular lines. Systems of linear equations, solution of system of linear equations. Nonlinear
systems: at least one quadratic equation.
• Limits and continuity: Functions, limit of a function. Graphical approach. Properties of limits.
Theorems of limits. Limits of polynomials, rational and transcendental functions. Limits at infinity,
infinite limits, one-sided limits. Continuity.
• Derivatives: Definition, techniques of differentiation. Derivatives of polynomials and rational,
exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions. The chain rule. Implicit differentiation. Rates of
change in natural and social sciences. Related rates. Linear approximations and differentials. Higher
derivatives, Leibnitz's theorem.
• Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions. Relative extrema and optimization.
First derivative test for relative extrema. Convexity and point of inflection. The second derivative test
for extrema. Curve sketching. Mean value theorems. Indeterminate forms and L'Hopitals rule. Inverse
functions and their derivatives.
• Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and the definite integral. Properties of
Integral. The fundamental theorem of calculus. The substitution rule.
Course Outcomes: After completing this course, students should have developed a clear understanding
of the fundamental concepts of single variable calculus and a range of skills allowing them to work
effectively with the concepts.
The basic concepts are:
• Derivatives as rates of change, computed as a limit of ratios
• Integrals as a "sum," computed as a limit of Riemann sums
After completing this course, students should demonstrate competency in the following skills:
• Use both the limit definition and rules of differentiation to differentiate functions.
• Sketch the graph of a function using asymptotes, critical points, the derivative test for
increasing/decreasing functions, and concavity.
• Apply differentiation to solve applied max/min problems.
• Apply differentiation to solve related rates problems.
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• Apply integration to compute arc lengths, volumes of revolution and surface areas of revolution.
Recommended Book: Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005
Reference Books
1. Stewart, James. Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals 6th edition. Pacific Grove, Ca:
Brooks/Cole, Thompson Learning, 2008.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable,
3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s outlines series, 4th Edition, 1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry, Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, PWS Publishers, Boston,
Massachosetts, 1983.
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Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, Functions and graphs: Lines, circles and parabolas, Domain and range, shifting
1.5 and scaling etc. graphs of functions, piecewise functions
2 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, Limit of a function, Graphical approach, properties of limits, Theorems of
2.5 limits, limits of various types of functions, Limit at infinity, One sided limits
3 2.6, 3.1-3.2 Continuity. Definition and techniques of differentiation.
4 3.4, 7.2, 7.3 Derivatives of polynomials and rational, exponential, logarithmic and
trigonometric functions.
5 3.5, 3.6 The chain rule. Implicit differentiation.
6 3.7, 3.8, Related rates, Linear approximations and differentials. Higher derivatives,
Page 243 Leibnitz's theorem.
7 First one hour test
8 4.1-4.3 Increasing and decreasing functions. Mean value theorems, First derivative test
for relative extrema
9 4.4, 4.6 Convexity and point of inflection. The second derivative test for extrema, Curve
sketching.
10 7.1, 7.7 Indeterminate forms and L'Hopitals rule.
11 7.8 Inverse functions and their derivatives
12 4.8, 5.1, Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and the definite integrals
13 Second one hour test
14 5.5 Indefinite integrals and the substitution rule
15 5.6 Area between curves, average value.
16 6.1, 6.5 Volumes. Arc length. Area of a surface of revolution.
17 6.7 Applications to economics/physics/engineering/biology.
(optional)
18 End semester Exam
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MATH-112 Calculus-II
Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: None
Course Objectives:
This is the second course of Calculus. As continuation of Calculus I, it focuses on techniques of
integration and applications of integrals. The course also aims at introducing the students to infinite
series, parametric curves and polar coordinates.
Core Contents:
Integration techniques and applications of integration, Infinite Series, Curvilinear Coordinates.
Detailed Contents.
• Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic, trigonometric, logarithmic and
exponential functions. Integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions. Approximate
integration. Improper integrals. Gamma functions.
• Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average value. Volumes. Arc length. Area of a
surface of revolution. Applications to economics, physics, engineering and biology.
• Infinite series: Sequences and series. Convergence and absolute convergence. Tests for
convergence: divergence test, integral test, p-series test, comparison test, limit comparison test,
alternating series test, ratio test, root test. Power series. Convergence of power series.
Representation of functions as power series. Differentiation and integration of power series.
Taylor and Maclaurin series. Approximations by Taylor polynomials.
• Conic section, parameterized curves and polar coordinates: Curves defined by parametric
equations. Calculus with parametric curves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates. Polar
curves, tangents to polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:
• integrate various types of functions using the various integration methods: substitution rule,
integration by part, trigonometric substitution, partial fractions, rational substitution.
• apply integration to find areas, volumes, arc length, and surface areas, evaluate improper
integrals,
• find the limit of sequences, use various convergence tests (geometric series test, divergence test,
integral test, comparison tests, alternating series tests, ratio test, and root test) to determine
convergence or divergence of series, estimate sum of some series,
• find the interval and radius of convergence of power series,
• Represent some functions as power series.
Recommended Book: Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005
Reference Books:
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable,
3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
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Weekly Breakdown (four hours in a week)
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 8.1-8.4 Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic, trigonometric, logarithmic and
exponential functions.
2 8.2-8.5 Integration by parts, Partial fractions, Trigonometric integrals and
substitution
3 8.7 Approximate integration.
4 8.8 Improper integrals.
5 10.1 -10.2 Curves defined by parametric equations. Calculus with parametric
curves:
6 10.3-10.4 Tangents, areas, arc length.
8 10.5 -10.7 Polar coordinates. Polar curves, tangents to polar curves. Areas and
arc length in polar coordinates
9 11.1-11.3 Sequences and series. Convergence and absolute convergence. Tests
for convergence: divergence test, integral test, p-series test,
10 11.4-11.5 Comparison test, limit comparison test, alternating series test, ratio
test, root test.
11 11.7 Power series. Convergence of power series. Representation of
functions as power series
12 11.8 Differentiation and integration of power series. Taylor and
Maclaurin series.
14 11.9 Approximations by Taylor polynomials
15 12.1 Coordinate system. Rectangular, cylindrical and spherical
coordinates.
16 12.2-12.3 The dot product, the cross product. Equations of lines and planes.
17 12.4-12.6 Quadric surfaces.
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MATH-213 Calculus-III
Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: MATH 111 Calculus-I
Course Objectives:
This is the third course of Calculus and builds up on the concepts learned in first two courses. The
students would be introduced to the vector calculus, the calculus of multivariable functions and double
and triple integrals along with their applications.
Core Contents: Analytic geometry in three dimensions, Vectors, continuity and limit for a function of
three variables, Directional derivatives, Multiple integrals, line, Green’s, Divergence and Stokes’
theorems.
Detailed contents:
• Vectors and analytic geometry in space: Coordinate system. Rectangular, cylindrical and
spherical coordinates. The dot product, the cross product. Equations of lines and planes. Quadric
surfaces.
• Vector-valued functions: Vector-valued functions and space curves. Derivatives and integrals of
vector valued functions. Arc length. Curvature, normal and binormal vectors.
• Multivariable functions and partial derivatives: Functions of several variables. Limits and
Continuity. Partial derivatives, Composition and chain rule. Directional derivatives and the
gradient vector. Implicit function theorem for several variables. Maximum and minimum values.
Optimization problems. Lagrange Multipliers.
• Multiple integrals: Double integrals over rectangular domains and iterated integrals.Non-
rectangular domains. Double integrals in polar coordinates. Triple integrals in rectangular,
cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Applications of double and triple integrals. Change of
variables in multiple integrals.
• Vector calculus: Vector fields. Line integrals. Green's theorem. Curl and divergence. Surface
integrals over scalar and vector fields. Divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem.
Course Outcome
• Handle vectors fluently in solving problems involving the geometry of lines, curves, planes, and
surfaces in space.
• Visualize and draw graphs of surfaces in space.
• Differentiate functions of vectors.
• Integrate vectors.
• Calculate extreme values using Lagrange multipliers.
• Solve double and triple integrals.
• Use various theorems to convert integrals from surface to volume and/or line integrals
Recommended Book: Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005.
Reference Books
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable, 3rd Edition. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
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Week Book Topics

number Section
1 13.1 Vector-valued functions and space curves. Derivatives and integrals of
vector valued functions.
2 14.1-14.2 Functions of several variables. Limits and Continuity.
3 14.3-14.5 Partial derivatives, Composition and chain rule. Directional derivatives and
the gradient vector.
4 14.6-14.8 Tangent Planes and differentials. Maximum and minimum values.
Optimization problems. Lagrange Multipliers
5 15.1 Double integrals over rectangular domains and iterated integrals.
6 15.2-15.3 Non-rectangular domains. Double integrals in polar coordinates
8 15.6 Triple integrals in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates
9 15.7 Substitution in double and triple integrals. Change of variables in multiple
integrals.
10 16.1 Vector fields. Line integrals.
11 16.2 Work, Circulation and Flux, Path Independence,
12 16.3 Potential function and conservative fields
14 16.4 Green's theorem. Curl and divergence.
15 16.5 Surface integrals over scalar and vector fields.
16 16.7 Divergence theorem.
17 16.8 Stokes' theorem.
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MATH-235 Mathematical Computing

Credit Hours: 2-1
Course Objectives: A practical introduction to most widely used Mathematical computing softwares
namely, MATLAB, MATHEMATICA and MAPLE. Students will study two of these three softwares.
Core Contents: Two of these softwares: MATLAB, MATHEMATICA and MAPLE.
Course Outline:
MATLAB:
• Introduction to the basic environment, MATLAB Desktop, syntax, variables, strings
• Vectors, Matrices
• Basic program writing in MATLAB, Loops (do, for, while, if)
• Symbolic toolbox.
• Array operations, solving systems of linear equations
• Differentiation, integration, areas
• Two and three dimensional plots in MATLAB.
• Animations in MATLAB
MATHEMATICA
• Introduction to the basic environment of MATHMATICA and its syntax
• Running MATHEMATICA and Numerical/Algebraic Calculations
• Symbolic Mathematics in MATHEMATICA
• Functions and Programs
• Graphics
• Calculus, Linear Algebra
MAPLE
• Introductory Demonstration of Maple
• Vectors, Matrices
• Toolbars and Palettes
• Operators, Constant, Elementary Functions
• Plots of 2D and 3D functions
• Packages within MAPLE
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
• use above mentioned softwares
• plot, modify and present graphs of expressions of any kind
• solve systems of linear equations
• write simple codes
• use the built-in functions efficiently
• use a number of techniques that are useful in calculus as well as in other areas of mathematics
Recommended Books:
1. Stephen J. Chapman, MATLAB Programming for Engineers, 2008
2. The MATHEMATICA Book, built in MATHEMATICA Software
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Week Topics
number
1 Introduction to MATLAB
2 MATLAB Desktop, Current Directory, Workspace, Command History, Variables, Scripts,
Vectors, Matrices.
3 Script M- Files, Function M-Files
4 Matrix operations, Solution of a system of linear equations using MATLAB
5 Differentiation in MATLAB
Integration in MATLAB
Numerical Integration
6 Programming in MATLAB
8 Programming in MATLAB
9 Introduction to graphics
10 Animation in MATLAB
11 Introduction to the basic environment of MATHMATICA and its syntax, Running
Mathematica and Basic Numerical/Algebraic Calculations, Expressions in Mathematica
12 Symbolic mathematics, Differentiation, Integration, relational and Logical operators, Solving
equations in Mathematica
14 Functions and programs, Defining functions
15 Lists, For and While Loops in Mathematica. Lab Assignments.
16 Graphics and plotting options in Mathematica
17 Examples from Calculus and Linear Algebra
15
MATH-242 Real Analysis-I

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: MATH-111 Calculus-I
Course Objectives: This is the first rigorous course in analysis and has a theoretical emphasis. It
rigorously develops the fundamental ideas of calculus and is aimed to develop the students’ ability to deal
with abstract mathematics and mathematical proofs.
Core Contents: The Real Number System, Continuity and Limits, Basic Properties of Functions on R1,
Elementary Theory of Differentiation and Integration.
Detailed Contents:
The Real Number System: Axioms for a Field, Natural Numbers and Sequences , Inequalities,
Mathematical Induction,
Continuity and Limits: Continuity, Limits, One-Sided Limits, Limits at Infinity; Infinite Limits, Limits
of Sequences.
Basic Properties of Functions on R1: The Intermediate-Value Theorem, Least Upper Bound; Greatest
Lower Bound, The Bolzano–Weierstrass Theorem , The Boundedness and Extreme-Value Theorems ,
Uniform Continuity, The Cauchy Criterion, The Heine–Borel Theorem.
Elementary Theory of Differentiation: The Derivative in R1, Inverse Functions in R1
Elementary Theory of Integration: The Darboux Integral for Functions on R1, The Riemann Integral,
The Logarithm and Exponential Functions.
Course outcomes: Students are expected
• To understand rigorously developed fundamental ideas of calculus
• To understand basic properties of functions of single variables, theory of differentiation and
integration.
Recommended Book:
Murray H. Protter, Basic Elements of Real Analysis, 1998 Springer-Verlag New York.
Reference Books:
1. R. L. Brabenec: Introduction to Real Analysis, 1997, PWS Publishing Co.
2. E. D. Gaughan: Introduction to Analysis (5th edition), 1997, Brooks/Cole.
3. R. G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert: Introduction to Real Analysis (3rd edition), 1999, John Wiley &
Sons.

(This breakdown based on Murray H. Protter, Basic Elements of Real Analysis, 1998 Springer-
Verlag New York)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1, 1.2 Axioms for a Field
Natural Numbers and Sequences
2 1.3,1.4 Inequalities, Mathematical Induction
3 2.1 Continuity
4 2.2,2.3 Limits, One-Sided Limits
5 2.4, 2.5 Limits at Infinity, Infinite Limits, Limits of Sequences
6 3.1,3.2 The Intermediate-Value Theorem, Least Upper Bound; Greatest Lower Bound
8 3.3, 3.4 The Bolzano–Weierstrass Theorem, The Boundedness and Extreme-Value
Theorems
9 3.5 Uniform Continuity
10 3.6, 3.7 The Cauchy Criterion
16
The Heine–Borel Theorem

11 4.1, 4.2 The Derivative in R1, Inverse Functions in R1
12 11.8 Differentiation and integration of power series, Taylor and Maclaurin series.
14 5.1 The Darboux Integral: Upper and lower Darboux sums and their properties,
Upper and lower Darboux integrals and their properties,
Fundamental theorem: first and second forms.
15 5.2 The Riemann Integral: Upper and lower Riemann sum, Riemann integrals,
16 5.2 Properties of Riemann integrals
17 5.3 The Logarithm, Exponential Functions and their properties
17
MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives: The course aims at to provide an understanding of ordinary differential equations and
to introduce methods for solving them. The course is also expected to provide students with the
knowledge and skills necessary for understanding of other subjects of both mathematics and other
disciplines in which differential equations are involved.
Core Contents: First order ordinary differential equations, Second and higher order linear differential
equations, Linear Systems, Orthogonal Functions
Detailed Contents:
• First order ordinary differential equations
Basic concepts, formation and solution of differential equations, Separable variables, Exact
Equation, Homogeneous Equations, Linear equations, integrating factors, Some nonlinear first
order equations
• Second and higher order linear differential equations
Initial value and boundary value problems, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations,
Superposition principle, homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, Linear
independence and Wronskian, Non-homogeneous equations, undetermined coefficients method,
variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation, Selected applications involving second order
differential equations
• Linear Systems
Homogeneous Linear Systems, Distinct Real Eigenvalues, repeated Eigenvalues, complex
Eigenvalues, Nonhomogeneous Linear Systems, Undetermined Coefficients, Variation of
Parameters
• Orthogonal Functions:
Inner product of functions, orthogonal set of functions, orthogonal series expansion, complete
set, periodic functions, Fourier series, convergence of the Fourier series, periodic extensions.
Fourier cosine and sine series, even odd functions and their properties, Gibbs phenomenon, half-
range expansions, Complex Fourier Series, Double Fourier Series,
Fourier Integrals.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
• Solve any type of first order differential equations.
• Set up and solve physical motion problems and problems of population dynamics with
first order differential equations.
• Sketch slope field of first order differential equations.
• Solve system of differential equations.
• Solve second order linear differential equations with constant and variable coefficients.
Recommended Book: Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen: Differential equations with boundary
value problems, (7rd Edition), 2009, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Canada.
Reference Books:
1) William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima: Elementary Differential Equations and
Boundary Value Problems (9th Edition),2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2) V. I. Arnold, Ordinary Differential Equations, Springer, 1991.
18
Week wise Breakdown (three hours in a week)

Week-wise breakdown based on Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen: Differential equations with boundary
value problems, (7rd Edition), 2009
Week
Book Section Topics
number
1 1.1-1.2 Introduction, classification of differential equations by type, Classification of
differential equations, Interval of definition, solution curves, explicate and
implicit solutions, Families of solutions, system of differential equations
2 1.3, 2.1 Differential equations as mathematical models, Solution Curves Without a
Solution, direction Fields, Autonomous First-Order differential equations, critical
points.
3 2.2-2.4 Separable variables, solution by integration, solution curves, losing a solution,
exact equations, differential of functions of two variables, exact differentials,
solution procedure for exact differential equations, integrating factor,
4 2.5, 4.1 Solution by substitution, homogenous equations, Bernoulli’s equation, reduction
to separation of variables, Higher order differential equations, homogenous
equations, differential operators, superposition principal, general solutions,
general solution of non-homogenous equations
5 4.2,4.3 Reduction of order, homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients.
6 4.4 Undetermined coefficients-superposition approach
8 4.5 Undetermined coefficient-annihilator approach
9 4.6, 4.7 Variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation, method of solution.
10 4.8 Solving systems of linear differential equations by elimination, nonlinear
differential equations
11 8.2, 8.3 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, distinct real eigenvalues, repeated eigenvalues,
complex eigenvalues,
12 8.4 Non-homogenous linear systems, undetermined coefficients, variation of
parameters,
14 11.1, 11.2 Orthogonal Functions, inner product of functions, orthogonal set of functions,
orthogonal series expansion, complete set, periodic functions, Fourier series,
convergence of the Fourier series, periodic extensions.
15 11.3 Fourier cosine and sine series, even odd functions and their properties, Gibbs
phenomenon, half-range expansions,
16 Handouts Complex Fourier Series, Double Fourier Series, Fourier Integrals.
17 Review
19
MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: None
Course Objectives: The focus of the course is on study of the fundamental properties of integers and
develops ability to prove basic theorems. The specific objectives include study of division algorithm,
prime numbers, Euclidean algorithm, Congruences, Fermat and Euler’s theorem, Diophantine equations,
perfect numbers, primitive root theorem.
Core Contents: Divisibility and Factorization, Congruences, Arithmetic Functions, Quadratic Residues,
Primitive Roots, Diophantine Equations
Detailed Contents:
• Divisibility and Factorization: Divisibility, Prime numbers, Greatest common divisors, Euclidean
algorithm, Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
• Congruences: Congruences, linear congruences in one variable, Chinese remainder theorem,
Wilson’s Theorem, Fermat’s theorem, Euler’s theorem
• Arithmetic Functions: Arithmetic functions, multiplicative functions, Euler’s Phi-function, Perfect
numbers, Moebius function, Moebius inversion formula,
• Quadratic Residues: Quadratic residues and non-residues, Legendre symbol, Law of quadratic
reciprocity,
• Primitive Roots: Order of an integer, Primitive roots for primes, Primitive root theorem
• Diophantine Equations: Linear Diophantine equations, Pythagorean triples, Representation of
integers as sum of squares
Course Outcomes:
• To understand the concept and properties of divisibility greatest common divisor.
• Student’s must understand and be able to use the Fermat's little theorem, Wilson's theorem.
• To understand and to apply the Mobius inversion formula.
• Compute the set of all solutions to linear congruence. Be able to apply CRT and reduce general
systems of linear congruences to systems studied by CRT.
• Describe the set of all solutions to linear Diophantine equations
Recommended Book
• K.H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications, 5th edition, Addison- Wesley,
2005.
Reference Books:
1. J. K. Strayer, Elementary Number Theory, Waveland Press, INc. 2001
2. D.M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, 2007.
20
Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

(This breakdown based on K.H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications, 5th
edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.3 ~ 1.5 Mathematical Induction, The Fibonacci Numbers, Divisibility
2 3.1 Prime numbers
3 3.3, 3.4 Greatest Common Divisors, The Euclidean Algorithm,
4 3.5, 3.6 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Factorization Methods
5 3.6, 3.7 Fermat Numbers, Linear Diophantine Equations
6 4.1 ~ 4.3 Introduction to Congruences, Linear Congruences, The Chinese
Remainder Theorem
8 4.4, 4.5 Solving Polynomial Congruences, Systems of Linear Congruences
9 6.1 Wilson’s Theorem, Fermat’s Little Theorem
10 6.2, 6.3 Pseudoprimes, Euler’s Theorem
11 7.1, 7.2 The Euler Phi-Function, the Sum and Number of Divisors
12 7.3, 7.4 Perfect Numbers, Mersenne Primes, Mobius Inversion
14 9.1 Order of an Integer, Primitive Roots
15 9.2, 9.3 Primitive Roots for Primes, Existence of Primitive Roots
16 11.1,11.2 Quadratic Residues an Nonresidues, the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity
17 11.3,11.4 The Jacobi Symbol, Euler Psedudoprimes
21
MATH-272 Discrete Mathematics and Applications

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives:
• To introduce students to language and methods of the area of Discrete Mathematics.
• To help students in gaining the understanding of mathematical reasoning and to develop their
problem solving skills.
• To show students how discrete mathematics can be used in modern computer science.
Core Contents: Logic and proofs, sets and functions; Algorithms and their analysis; Mathematical
reasoning, induction and recursion; Counting; Relations; Graphs and Trees.
Detailed Contents.
• Fundamentals: Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Predicates and Quantifiers, Nested Quantifiers,
Methods of proof, Sets, Functions
• Algorithms and their analysis: Algorithms, The growth of functions, Complexity of algorithms.
• Mathematical reasoning, induction and recursion: Proof Strategy, Sequences and summations,
Mathematical induction, Recursive definitions and structural induction, Recursive algorithms,
Program correctness.
• Counting: The basics of counting, the pigeonhole principle, Recurrence relations, Generating
functions, Inclusion-exclusion
• Relations: Relations and their properties, n-ary relations and their applications, Representing
relations, Closure of relations, Equivalence relations, Partial orderings
• Graphs and Trees: Introduction to graphs, Graph terminology, Graph Isomorphism, Connectivity,
Euler and Hamilton paths, Trees, Application of trees.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, students should have the following skills:
• Use of mathematical and logical notation to define and formally reason about mathematical
concepts such as sets, relations, functions and discrete structures like trees, graphs, and partial
orders;
• Evaluate elementary mathematical arguments and identify fallacious reasoning
• Construct inductive hypothesis and carry out simple induction proofs;
• Compare the asymptotic growth rates of basic functions; derive asymptotic bounds, and limits,
for simple series and recurrence relations
• Reason mathematically about basic (discrete) structures (sets, graphs, and trees) used in computer
science.
Recommended Book: Kenneth H. Rosen: Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 5th Edition,
McGraw-Hill
Reference Book:
Susana S. Epp: Discrete Mathematics with Applications, fourth edition, Cengage Learning.
22
Week-wise Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

(This breakdown based on Kenneth H. Rosen: Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 5th
Edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1-1.3 Logic, Propositional Equivalences, Predicates, Quantifiers
2 1.4,1.5 Nested Quantifiers, Methods of Proof
3 1.6-1.8, 2.1 Sets and Functions, Algorithms
4 2.2, 2.3 The Growth of Algorithms, Complexity of Algorithms
5 3.1 ~ 3.3 Proof Strategy, Sequences, Summations, Mathematical Induction
6 3.4, 3.5 Recursive, Structural Induction, Recursive Algorithms
8 3.6 Program Correctness
9 4.1 ~ 4.2 Basics of Counting, The Pigeonhole Principal
10 4.3 ~ 4.4 Permutations, Combinations, Binomial Coefficients
11 6.1-6.2 Recurrence Relations, Solving Recurrence Relations
12 6.4, 6.5 Generating Functions, Inclusion-Exclusion
14 7.1 ~ 7.3 Relations, n-ary Relations, Representing Relations
15 7.4 ~ 7.6 Closures of Relations, Equivalence Relations, Partial Orderings
16 8.1 ~ 8.3 Introduction to Graphs, Graph Terminologies, Graph Isomorphism
17 8.4, 8.5, 8.7 Connectivity, Euler and Hamilton Paths, Planar Graphs
23
24
MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I
Credit Hours: 3-0

Course Objectives: An understanding of random phenomena is becoming increasingly
important in today's world within social and political sciences, finance, life sciences and many
other fields. The aim of this course is to develop the concept of chance in a mathematical
framework. A prime objective of the course is to introduce the students to the fundamentals of
probability theory and present techniques and basic results of the theory and illustrate these
concepts with applications. This course will also present the basic principles of random variables
and random processes needed in applications.
Core Contents: Counting Techniques, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability and
Independence, Discrete and Continuous Random Variables, Jointly Distributed Random
Variables.
Detailed Contents:
Introduction: Introduction of the course and Counting Techniques.
Axioms of Probability: Sample Space and Events, Axioms of Probability, Some Simple
Propositions, Sample Spaces having Equally Likely Outcomes, Probability as a Continuous Set
Function, Probability as a Measure of Belief
Conditional Probability and Independence: Conditional Probability, Bayes’s Formula,
Independent Events.
Discrete Random Variables: Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Expected Value,
Expectation of a Function of a Random Variable, Variance, The Bernoulli and Binomial Random
Variables, Properties of Binomial Random Variables, Computing the Binomial Distribution
Function, The Poisson Random Variable, Computing the Poisson Distribution Function, Other
Discrete Probability Distributions: The Geometric Random Variable, The Negative Binomial
Random Variable, The Hypergeometric Random Variable, Expected Value of Sums of Random
Variables, Properties of the Cumulative Distribution Function.
Continuous Random Variables: Expectation and Variance of Continuous Random Variables,
The Uniform Random Variable, Normal Random Variable, The Normal Approximation to the
Binomial Distribution, Exponential Random Variable, Other Continuous Distributions, The
Gamma Distribution, The Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable.
Jointly Distributed Random Variables: Joint Distribution, Independent Random Variables,
Sums of Independent Random Variables, Identically Distributed Uniform Random Variables,
Normal Random Variables, Poisson and Binomial Random Variables, Conditional Distributions:
Discrete Case, Conditional Distributions: Continuous Case, Joint Probability Distribution of
Functions of Random Variables, Exchangeable Random Variables.
Properties of Expectation: Expectation of Sums of Random Variables, Obtaining Bounds from
Expectations via the Probabilistic Method, The Maximum–Minimums Identity, Moments of the
Number of Events that Occur, Covariance, Variance of Sums and Correlations, Conditional
Expectation, Computing Expectations by Conditioning, Computing Probabilities by
Conditioning, Conditional Variance, Conditional Expectation and Prediction, Moment
Generating Functions, Joint Moment Generating Functions.
Course Outcomes: Students who successfully complete this course should be able to
demonstrate understanding of:
• basic probability axioms and rules
• Discrete and continuous random variables
25
• Marginal and conditional distributions of bivariate random variables.

• Expectation and moment generating functions.
Text Book: Sheldon M. Ross, A First Course in Probability (8th Edition) Pearson Education,
2010
Reference Books
1. M. H. DeGroot and M. J. Schervish: Probability and Statistics (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2002.
2. A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, (3rd Edition), McGraw Hill,
1991.
3. Robert B. Ash, Basic Probability Theory, Dover. 2008.
4. R. E. Walpole, R. H. Myers, S. L. Myers and Keying Ye, Probability and Statistics for Engineers
and Scientists (7th Edition), Prentice Hall, 2002.
26
Week-wise Breakup
This week-wise breakup is based on A First Course in Probability (8th Edition) by Sheldon M.
Ross
Week Book Topics
section
1 1.1-1.5 Introduction of the course, Counting techniques: Permutations, Combinations.
2 2.1-2.3 Sample Space and Events, Axioms of Probability.
3 2.4-2.7 Some Simple Propositions, Sample Spaces having Equally Likely Outcomes,
Probability as a Continuous Set Function, Probability as a Measure of Belief.
4 3.1-3.4 Conditional Probabilities, Bayes’s Formula, Independent Events.
5 4.1-4.4 Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Expected Value, Expectation
of a Function of a Random Variable.
6 4.5, 4.6 Variance, The Bernoulli and Binomial Random Variables, Properties of
Binomial Random Variables, Computing the Binomial Distribution Function.
8 4.7, 4.8 The Poisson Random Variable, Computing the Poisson Distribution Function,
Other Discrete Probability Distributions: The Geometric Random Variable, The
Negative Binomial Random Variable, The Hypergeometric Random Variable.
9 4.9,4.10, Expected Value of Sums of Random Variables, Properties of the Cumulative
5.1-5.3 Distribution Function, Expectation and Variance of Continuous Random
Variables, The Uniform Random Variables.
10 5.4, 5.5 Normal Random Variables, The Normal Approximation to the Binomial
Distribution, Exponential Random Variable.
11 5.6 Other Continuous Distributions: The Gamma Distribution, The Weibull
Distribution, The Cauchy Distribution, The Beta Distribution.
12 5.7, 6.1 The Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Joint Distribution.
14 6.2-6.3 Independent Random Variables, Sums of Independent Random Variables,
Identically Distributed Uniform Random Variables, Normal Random Variables,
Poisson and Binomial Random Variables.
15 6.4-6.7 Conditional Distributions: Discrete Case, Conditional Distributions:
Continuous Case, Joint Probability Distribution of Functions of Random
Variables, Exchangeable Random variables.
16 7.1-7.3 Expectation of Sums of Random Variables, Obtaining Bounds from
Expectations via the Probabilistic Method, The Maximum–Minimums Identity,
Moments of the Number of Events that occur.
17 7.4-7.7 Covariance, Variance of Sums, and Correlations, Conditional, Expectation,
Computing Expectations by Conditioning, Computing Probabilities by
Conditioning, Conditional Variance, Conditional Expectation and Prediction,
Moment Generating Functions, Joint Moment Generating Functions.
18 End Semester Exam
27
MATH-262 Mathematical Statistics-II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I
Course Objectives: An understanding of random phenomena is becoming increasingly important in
today's world within social and political sciences, finance, life sciences and many other fields. In this
course the students are trained to set up mathematical models of processes and systems that are affected
by chance. The students would learn techniques of estimation of parameters, confidence intervals,
hypothesis testing and quality control.
Core Contents: Introduction to Descriptive Statistics, Distributions of Sampling Statistics, The
method of maximum likelihood, Testing Statistical Hypotheses, Hypothesis Tests Concerning
Two Populations, Analysis of Variance, Linear Regression, Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Tests,
Quality Control.
Detailed Contents:
Introduction to Descriptive Statistics: Collection and Presentation of Sample Data, Some
Important Features of Sample Data.
Distributions of Sampling Statistics: Sample Mean, Central Limit Theorem, Distribution of the
Sample Variance of a Normal Population.
The method of Maximum Likelihood: Point Estimator of a Population Mean, Estimating a
Population Variance.
Estimation: Interval Estimators of the Mean of a Normal Population with Known Population
Variance, Lower and Upper Confidence Bounds, Interval Estimators of the Mean of a Normal
Population with Unknown Population Variance, Lower and Upper Confidence Bounds.
Testing Statistical Hypotheses: Hypothesis Tests and Significance Levels, Tests Concerning
the Mean of a Normal Population: Case of Known Variance, One-Sided Tests, The t Test for the
Mean of a Normal Population: Case of Unknown Variance.
Hypothesis Tests Concerning Two Populations: Testing Equality of Means of Two Normal
Populations: Case of Known Variances, Testing Equality of Means; Unknown Variances and
Large Sample Sizes, Testing Equality of Means; Small-Sample Tests when the Unknown
Population Variances are Equal.
Analysis of Variance: Introduction to Analysis of Variance, One-Factor Analysis of Variance,
Two-Factor Analysis of Variance; Introduction and Parameter Estimation, Two-Factor Analysis
of Variance; Testing Hypotheses.
Linear Regression: Introduction to Linear Regression, Simple Linear Regression Model,
Estimating the Regression Parameters, Error Random Variables, Testing the Hypothesis that β =
0, Coefficient of Determination, Sample Correlation.
Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Introduction to Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Tests,
Testing for Independence in Populations Classified according to Two Characteristics, Testing for
Independence in Contingency Tables with Fixed Marginal Totals.
Quality Control: Introduction to Quality Control, The X Control Chart for Detecting a Shift in
the Mean when the Mean and Variance Are Unknown, S Control Charts, Control Charts for
Fraction Defective.
Course Outcomes: After the successful completion of the course, the students are expected to
understand:
• basic principles of collection and presentation of data along with some important features
• point and interval estimation of population parameters
• how different hypothesis regarding characteristics of population parameters are tested
• variance and regression analysis
28
• quality control charts.
Text Book: Sheldon M. Ross, Introductory Statistics (3th Edition) Elsevier, 2010.
Reference Books:
1. F. Daly, D. J. Hand, M. C. Jones , A. D. Lunn , K. J. McConway, Elements of Statistics, Pearson
Education, 1995. (referred as FK)
2. M. H. DeGroot and M. J. Schervish: Probability and Statistics (3th Edition) Addison-Wesley, 2002.
3. A. Papoulis, Probability Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, (3th Edition) McGraw Hill,
1991.
4. R. A. Johnson, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice-Hall 1994.
5. R. E. Walpole, R. H. Myers, S. L. Myers and Keying Ye, Probability and Statistics for Engineers
and Scientists (7th Edition), Prentice Hall, 2002.
29
Week-wise Breakup
This Week-wise breakup is based on Introductory Statistics (3th Edition) Elsevier, 2010 by M.
Ross.
Week Book Topics
section
1 1.2, 2.2 Introduction to Descriptive Statistics: Collection and Presentation of Sample
Data.
2 3.2, 3.5 Some Important Features of Sample Data.
3 7.3, 7.4, Sample Mean, Central Limit Theorem, Distribution of the Sample Mean,
7.6 Distribution of the Sample Variance of a Normal Population.
4 6.3(FK) The method of Maximum Likelihood, Point Estimator of a Population Mean,
8.2, 8.4 Estimating a Population Variance.
5 8.5,8.6 Interval Estimators of the Mean of a Normal Population with Known Population
Variance, Lower and Upper Confidence Bounds, Interval Estimators of the Mean
of a Normal Population with Unknown Population Variance, Lower and Upper
Confidence Bounds.
6 9.2-9.4 Hypothesis Tests and Significance Levels, Tests Concerning the Mean of a
Normal Population: Case of Known Variance, One-Sided Tests, The t Test for the
Mean of a Normal Population: Case of Unknown Variance.
8 10.2, 10.4 Testing Equality of Means of Two Normal Populations: Case of Known
Variances, Testing Equality of Means: Unknown Variances and Large Sample
Sizes, Testing Equality of Means: Small-Sample Tests when the Unknown
Population Variances are Equal.
9 11.1, 11.2 Introduction to Analysis of Variance, One-Factor Analysis of Variance.
10 11.3, 11.4 Two-Factor Analysis of Variance: Introduction and Parameter Estimation, Two-
Factor Analysis of Variance: Testing Hypotheses.
11 12.1-12.3 Introduction to Linear Regression, Simple Linear Regression Model, Estimating
the Regression Parameters.
12 12.4,12.5, Error Random Variables, Testing the Hypothesis that β = 0, Coefficient of
12.9 Determination, Problems, Sample Correlation.
14 13.1, 13.2 Introduction to Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Tests.
15 13.3, 13.4 Testing for Independence in Populations Classified according to Two
Characteristics, Testing for Independence in Contingency Tables with Fixed
Marginal Totals.
16 15.1,15.2 Introduction to Quality Control, The X Control Chart for Detecting a Shift in the
Mean. When the Mean and Variance are unknown, S Control Charts.
17 15.3 Control Charts for Fraction Defective.
30
MATH-321 Linear Algebra

Credit Hours: 4-0
Prerequisite: None
Course Objectives: Linear algebra is the study of vector spaces and linear transformations. The main
objective of this course is to help students learn in rigorous manner, the tools and methods essential for
studying the solution spaces of problems in mathematics, engineering, the natural sciences, and social
sciences and develop mathematical skills needed to apply these to the problems arising within their field
of study and to various real world problems.
Core Contents: Matrices, Linear systems, Vector Spaces, Finite dimensional vector spaces, Linear
mappings, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Inner product spaces.
Detailed Contents:
Matrices: Operation on matrices, echelon and reduced echelon form, inverse of a matrix (by elementary
row operations).
Linear System: Solution of linear system, Gauss-Jordan method, Gaussian elimination, determinants of a
matrix, computing higher order determinants, expansion of determinants.
Vector Spaces: Definition and examples, subspaces, linear combination, spanning set, linear dependence
and independence.
Finite dimensional vector spaces: Bases and dimension of a vector space, operations on subspaces,
intersections of subspaces, sum of subspaces.
Linear maps: Kernel and image of a linear map, isomorphism and composition, matrix of a linear map,
change of basis, invariant subspaces and direct sums.
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors: Eigen values and eigen vectors, diagonalization, orthogonal
diagonalization, quadratic forms.
Inner product spaces: Inner product, norms, Cauchy inequality, orthogonal and orthonormal basis,
Gram Schmidt process.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will know
• Matrices, operation on matrices, echelon and reduced echelon form, inverse of a matrix (by
elementary row operations), solution of linear system.
• Gauss-Jordan method, Gaussian elimination, determinants of a matrix, computing of
determinants, definition of higher order determinants, expansion of determinants.
• Vector spaces, subspaces, linear combination and spanning set, linear dependence and
independence.
• Bases and dimension of a vector space, finite dimensional vector spaces.
• Operations on subspaces, intersections, sums of subspaces.
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization.
• Kernel and image of a linear mapping, isomorphism, invariant subspaces and direct sums.
• Matrix of a linear map, change of basis.
• Inner product space and norms.
• Cauchy inequality, orthogonal and orthonormal basis.
• Gram Schmidt process.
Recommended Book: W. K. Nicholson, Linerar Algebra with Applications (third edition), (1995),
PWS Publishing Company.
Reference Books:
31
1. S. J. Axler: Linear Algebra Done Right (Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics), 1996, Springer
Verlag.
2. Richard O. Hill: Elementary linear algebra with applications, 3rd edition, 1995, Brooks/Cole.
3. Steven J. Leon: Linear algebra with applications, 6th edition, 2002, Prentice Hall.
Weekly Breakdown: (Four hours in a week)

(This breakdown based on W. K. Nicholson, Linear Algebra with Applications, 3rd edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 Ch. 1 Solution of linear systems, Gaussian elimination
2 Ch. 2 Gauss-Jordan method, Matrices, operation on matrices,
3 Ch. 2 Echelon and reduced echelon form. Inverse of a matrix (by elementary row
operations),.
4 Ch. 3 Determinants of a matrix, computing of determinants, definition of higher
order determinants, expansion of determinants.
5 Ch. 5 Vector spaces, definition and examples, subspaces, linear combination and
spanning set, linear dependency and independency.
6 Ch. 5 Bases and dimension of a vector space, finite dimensional vector spaces.
8 Ch. 5 Operations on subspaces, intersection of and sum of subspaces,
eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
9 Ch. 6 Diagonalization, Orthogonality.
10 Ch. 6 Orthogonal diagonalization, Quadratic, forms.
11 Ch. 7 Linear mappings, kernel and image of linear mappings.
12 Ch. 7 Isomorphism and composition, Invariant subspaces and direct sum.
14 Ch. 7 Matrix of a linear map, change of basis. Invariant sunspaces and direct
sums.
15 Ch. 8 Inner product space definition and examples, Norms.
16 Ch. 8 Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, orthogonal set of vectors, Gram-Schmidt
process.
17 Ch. 8 Orthogonal and orthonormal basis, the triangle inequality.
32
MATH-322 Group Theory

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: None
Course Objectives: Algebra, developed by the Muslims, started as generalized arithmetic but went on to
deal with linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic equations and systems of such equations. Later, Galois and
Abel developed group theory to prove that there is no canonical solution of higher order polynomial
equations by means of radicals. Two further branches of development followed the solution of
simultaneous linear equations (leading to linear algebra) and the more formal structure of groups and their
extensions (leading to rings and fields). This course presents the basic concepts of group theory.
Core Contents: Sets and relations, Groups, Subgroups, Cyclic groups, Symmetric group, Normal
subgroups, Group homomorphism, Factor group.
Detailed Contents:
Sets and relations: Sets, relations, equivalence relations, equivalence classes, partitions of sets into
equivalence classes.
Groups: Binary operations, group, dihedral group, quaternion group, group of nth roots of unity, group of
residues, general linear group, special linear group. Order of a group, order of an element of a group.
Subgroups: Subgroups, cosets, index of a subgroup in a group, Lagrange's theorem, consequences of
Lagrange's theorem.
Cyclic groups: Generating sets, cyclic groups, cyclic subgroups.
Symmetric group: Permutation, group of permutations, , orbits of a permutation, cycles, transpositions,
even and odd permutations, alternating group, decomposition of a permutation in to disjoint cycles.
Normal subgroups: Normal subgroups, centre subgroups, commutator subgroups, product of subgroups.
Group homomorphism: Properties of a homomorphism, kernel of a homomorphism, isomorphism,
Cayley’s theorem.
Factor groups: Factor groups from a homomorphism, factor groups from normal groups, The
fundamental homomorphism theorem.
Course Outcomes:
• Equivalence relations on sets, equivalence classes, partition of set into equivalence classes.
• Binary operation, group, subgroup, order of a group, order of an element of a group, cyclic
group.
• Dihedral group, quaternion group, group of nth roots of unity, group of residues, general linear
group.
• Permutation, group of permutations, orbits of a permutation, cycles, transpositions, even and
odd permutations.
• Alternating group, decomposition of a permutation into disjoint cycles.
• Coset, index of a subgroup in a group, Lagrange's theorem.
• Normal subgroups, centre subgroup, commutator subgroup.
• Group homomorphism, kernel of a homomorphism, isomorphism.
• Factor group, isomorphism theorems.
• Product of subgroups.
33
Recommended Book: J. H. Fraleigh: A first course in abstract algebra (7th edition), 1998,
Addison-Wesley publishing
Reference Books:
1. W. Keith Nicholson, Introduction to Abstract Algebra, (3rd edition), 2007, John Wiley & sons.
2. J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, 7th ed. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA, 2009.
3. I. N. Herstein, Abstract Algebra, third edition,1995, Prentice Hall.

(This breakdown based on J. H. Fraleigh: A first course in abstract algebra 7th edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 0,1 Sets and relations, Partitions and equivalence relations, definitions
examples and related results.
2 2, 3,4 Binary operations, groups, definitions and examples.
3 4 Dihedral group, quaternion group, group of nth roots of unity, group
of residues, general linear group.
4 5,6,7 Subgroups, order of a group, order of an element of a group, cyclic
groups, cyclic subgroups, definitions, examples and related results,
generating sets.
5 8,9 Permutation, Group of permutations, examples, Cayley’s theorem.
6 9 Orbits of a permutation. Cycles, transpositions, even and odd
permutations.
8 9 Alternating group, decomposition of a permutation in to disjoint
cycles.
9 10 Cosets, index of a subgroup in a group, definition examples related
results, and the theorem of Lagrange.
10 10 Consequences of Lagrange’s theorem, the index of a subgroup in a
group.
11 11 Product of subgroups.
12 13,14 Normal subgroups, definitions, examples and related results.
14 14 Group homomorphism, Properties of a homomorphism, kernel of a
homomorphism, definitions, examples and related results.
15 14 Isomorphism of groups, factor groups, factor groups from a
homomorphism.
16 14 Factor groups from normal groups, The fundamental
homomorphism theorem.
17 15 Center and commutator subgroups.
34
MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisite: MATH-321 Linear Algebra
Course Objectives: Numerical Analysis deals with the approach to develop numerical algorithms for the
mathematical problems which are not easily solvable with exact or analytical methods. The key topics of
this subject include arithmetic errors, interpolation, numerical integration, numerical solution of algebraic
linear and nonlinear equations, ans short introduction of numerical solutions of ODEs and PDEs. This is
the first introductory course on numerical mathematics at SNS.
Core contents: Approximations and Errors, Tridiagonal Matrices, Interpolating Polynomial,
Method of Least Squares, Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Methods.
Course Contents: Approximations and Errors; Bisection method, Secant Method, False-Position
Method, Newton-Raphson Method, Fixed Point Iteration; Gauss-Elimination and Gauss-Jordan Methods,
LU-Factorization, Cholesky Decomposition, Vector and Matrix Norms, Condition Number for Matrices,
Tridiagonal Matrices; Interpolation, Linear and Quadratic Interpolation, Lagrange Polynomials, Newton’s
Interpolating Polynomial; Divided Differences, Forward and Backward Differences, Splines, Cubic
Splines; Method of Least Squares; Numerical Integration, Trapezoidal Rule for Equally Spaced Data,
Simpson’s One-Third and Three-Eighth Rules for Equally Spaced Data; Derivation of Two-Point Gauss-
Legendre Formulas, Higher Point Formulas, Error Analysis; Euler’s Method and Second Order Runge-
Kutta Methods for ODEs; Finite Difference Method for Laplace Equation and Poisson Equation.
Course Outcomes: On successful completion of this course students will be able to:
• familiar with the fundamental concepts of numerical analysis.
• learn and implement programming of different numerical methods in MATLAB
Recommended Book: Numerical Analysis by Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires, 9th Edition,
Publisher: Cengage Learning, 2010. (BF)
Reference Books
1. Applied Numerical Analysis by Curtis F. Gerald and Patrick O. Wheatley, 7th Edition, Publisher:
Pearson, 2003.
2. Numerical Methods for Engineers by Steven C Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 6th Edition
Publisher: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
35
Week-wise Break-up (three hours in a week)
Week Book Topic

number Sections
1 1.2 Round-off Errors and Computer Arithmetic: Binary Machine Numbers,
Decimal Machine Numbers, Finite Digit Arithmetic, Nested Arithmetic
1.3 Algorithms and Convergence: Characterizing Algorithms, Rates of
Convergence
2 2.1 The Bisection Method: Bisection Technique
2.2 Fixed-Point Iteration: Fixed-Point Iteration
2.3 Newton’s Method and Its Extensions: Newton’s Method, Convergence using
2.4 Newton’s Method, The Secant Method, The Method of False Position
Error Analysis for Iterative Methods: Order of Convergence
3 2.6 Zeros of Polynomials and Muller’s Method: Algebraic Polynomials, Horner’s
Method
4 3.1 Interpolation and the Lagrange Polynomials: Lagrange Interpolating
Polynomials
3.2 Data Approximation and Neville’s Method: Neville’s Method
5 3.3 Divided Differences: Newton’s Divided Difference Formula, Forward
Differences, Newton’s Forward Difference Formula, Backward Differences,
Newton’s Backward-Difference Formula, Centered Differences
Hermite Interpolation: Hermite Polynomials, Hermite Polynomials Using
3.4 Divided Differences
6 3.5 Cubic Spline Interpolation: Piecewise-Polynomial Approximation, Cubic
Splines, Construction of a Cubic Spline, Natural Splines, Clamped Splines
4.1 Numerical Differentiation: Three-Point Formulas, Three-Point Endpoint
Formula, Three-Point Midpoint Formula, Five-Point Formulas, Five-Point
Midpoint Formulas, Five-Point Endpoint Formula, Second Derivative Midpoint
Formula, Round-Off Error Instability
4.2 Richardson’s Extrapolation: Richardson’s Extrapolation
8 4.3 Elements of Numerical Integration: The Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule,
Measuring Precision, Closed Newton-Cotes Formulas, Open Newton-Cotes
Formulas
Composite Numerical Integration: Composite Numerical Integration, Round-
4.4 off Error Stability
9 4.7 Gaussian Quadrature: Legendre Polynomials, Gaussian Quadrature on
Arbitrary Intervals
4.9 Improper Integrals: Left Endpoint Singularity, Right Endpoint Singularity,
Infinite Singularity
10 6.1 Linear Systems of Equations: Matrices and Vectors, Gaussian Elimination with
Backward Substitution, Operation Counts
6.2 Pivoting Strategies: Partial Pivoting, Scaled Partial Pivoting, Complete
Pivoting
Matrix Factorization: LU Factoriztion
6.5 Special Type of Matrices: Diagonally Dominant Matrices, Positive Definite
Matrices, 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑡𝑡 Factorization, Cholesky Factorization, Band Matrices,
6.6 Tridiagonal Matrices, Crout Factoriation for Tridiagonal Linear Systems
36
11 7.1 , 7.2 Norms of Vectors and Matrices: Vector Norms, Distance between Vectors in
𝑅𝑅 𝑛𝑛 , Matrix Norms and Distances
7.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Spectral Radius, Convergent Matrices
The Jacobi and Gauss-Seidal Iterative Techniques: Jacobi’s Method, The
Gauss-Seidal Method, General Iteration Methods
12 7.4 , 7.5 Relaxation Techniques for Solving Linear Systems: Successive Over
Relaxation (SOR). Error Bounds and Iterative Refinement: Condition
Numbers, Iterative Refinement
14 8.1, 8.2 Discrete Least Square Approximation: Linear Least Squares, Polynomial
8.3 Least Squares, Orthogonal Polynomials and Least Squares Approximation:
Orthogonal Functions, Chebyshev Polynomials and Economization of Power
Series: Chebyshev Polynomials and Economization of Power Series
15 5. , 5.2 The Elementary Theory of Initial Value Problems: The Elementary Theory of
Initial Value Problems, Well-Posed Problem
Euler’s Method: Euler’s Method
16 5.4 Runge-Kutta Methods: Runge-Kutta Methods of Order Two
17 Elliptic Partial Differential Equations: Selecting a Grid, Finite Difference Method,
Example 1: Laplace Equation, Example 2: Poisson Equation
18 Final Exam
37
MATH-342 Real Analysis-II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisites: MATH-242 Real Analysis-I
Course Objectives: This is the second rigorous course in analysis is a continuation of MATH-241. This
course rigorously develops differentiation and integration theory in Rn, Sequences and series and their
convergence, improper integrals and Riemann–Stieltjes integrals.
Core Contents:
Differentiation and Integration in Rn, Infinite Series, The Derivative of an Integral. Improper Integrals,
The Riemann–Stieltjes Integral
Detailed Contents
Differentiation and Integration in Rn: Partial Derivatives and the Chain Rule, Extended mean-value
theorem, Fundamental lemma of Differentiation, Partial Derivatives and Chain rule, Taylor’s Theorem;
Maxima and Minima, Multi-index, Binomial Theorem, Multinomial Theorem, The directional
Derivative, Taylor Theorem with Reminder, The Derivative in Rn , The Darboux Integral in Rn, The
Riemann Integral in Rn,
Infinite Series: Tests for Convergence and Divergence, Geometric Series, Comparison test, integral test,
Series of Positive and Negative Terms; Absolute convergence and conditional convergence, Alternating
series theorem, Ratio, Root,, comparision and integral tests, Power Series, Uniform Convergence,
Uniform Convergence of Series,
The Derivative of an Integral. Improper Integrals: The Derivative of a Function Defined by an
Integral. The Leibniz Rule, Convergence and Divergence of Improper Integrals
The Riemann–Stieltjes Integral: Functions of Bounded Variation, The Riemann–Stieltjes Integral
Course outcomes: Students are expected
• To understand rigorously developed fundamental ideas of differentiation and integration in Rn
• To understand basic theory of infinite series and power series
• To understand Leibniz rule and its applications.
• To under stand the Riemann–Stieltjes Integral and their applications
Recommended Book: Murray H. Protter, Basic Elements of Real Analysis, 1998 Springer New York.
Reference Books:
1. R. L. Brabenec: Introduction to Real Analysis, 1997, PWS Publishing Co.
2. E. D. Gaughan: Introduction to Analysis (5th edition), 1997, Brooks/Cole.
3. R. G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert: Introduction to Real Analysis (3rd edition), 1999, John Wiley &
Sons.
38
Weekly Breakup (three hours in a week)
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 7.1 Differentiation and Integration in Rn, Partial Derivatives and the Chain Rule,
Extended mean-value theorem, Fundamental lemma of Differentiation, Partial
Derivatives and Chain rule.
2 7.2 Taylor’s Theorem; Maxima and Minima, Multi-index, Binomial Theorem,
Multinomial Theorem, The directional Derivative, Taylor Theorem with Reminder.
3 7.3 The Derivative in Rn ,
4 7.4 The Darboux Integral in Rn.
5 7.5 The Riemann Integral in Rn .
6 8.1 Tests for Convergence and Divergence, Geometric Series, Comparison test,
integral test.
8 8.2 Series of Positive and Negative Terms; Absolute convergence and conditional
convergence, Alternating series theorem, Ratio, Root, comparision and integral
tests, Power Series.
9 8.3 Uniform Convergence ,Uniform Convergence of Series;
10-11 8.4 Power Series, Integration of uniformly convergent sequences,
12 9.2 The Leibniz Rule and its Applications
14 5.1 Convergence and Divergence of Improper Integrals
15-16 10.1 Functions of Bounded Variation
17 10.2 The Riemann–Stieltjes Integrals.
39
MATH-343 Complex Analysis

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives: Complex variables is an important area from a purely mathematical point of view, as
well as a powerful tool for solving a wide Varity of applied problems. It is founds its applications in many
mathematical disciplines, including in particular real analysis, differential equations, algebra and
topology. This course develops the theory of functions of a complex variable, emphasizing their
geometric properties and some applications. It also treats the traditional theorems, algorithms, and
applications of complex analysis. These include: finding of complex roots for polynomial equations and
of complex integration, residue theory and its applications and complex mappings and their applications.
Core contents: Complex Numbers, Analytic Functions, Elementary Functions, Integrals, Series,
Residues and Poles, Conformal Mapping
Detailed Contents:
Complex Numbers: Sums and Products , Basic Algebraic Properties , Further Properties , Vectors and
Moduli , Complex Conjugates , Exponential Form , Products and Powers in Exponential Form ,
Arguments of Products and Quotients , Roots of Complex Numbers , Examples , Regions in the Complex
Plane.
Analytic Functions: Functions of a Complex Variable, Mappings, Mappings by the Exponential
Function, Limits, Theorems on Limits, contents, Limits Involving the Point at Infinity , Continuity,
Derivatives, Differentiation Formulas, Cauchy–Riemann Equations, Sufficient Conditions for
Differentiability, Polar Coordinates, Analytic Functions, Examples, Harmonic Functions, Uniquely
Determined Analytic Functions, Reflection Principle.
Elementary Functions: The Exponential Function , The Logarithmic Function, Branches and
Derivatives of Logarithms, Some Identities Involving Logarithms , Complex Exponents, Trigonometric
Functions, Hyperbolic Functions, Inverse Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions.
Integrals: Derivatives of Functions w(t), Definite Integrals of Functions w(t), Contours, Contour
Integrals, Some Examples, Examples with Branch Cuts, Upper Bounds for Moduli of Contour Integrals,
Antiderivatives, Cauchy–Goursat Theorem, Simply Connected Domains, Multiply Connected Domains,
Cauchy Integral Formula, An Extension of the Cauchy Integral Formula, Some Consequences of the
Extension , Liouville’s Theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Maximum Modulus Principle
Series: Convergence of Sequences, Convergence of Series, Taylor Series, Laurent Series, Absolute and
Uniform Convergence of Power Series, Continuity of Sums of Power Series, Integration and
Differentiation of Power Series, Uniqueness of Series Representations, Multiplication and Division of
Power Series.
Residues and Poles: Isolated Singular Points, Residues, Cauchy’s Residue Theorem, Residue at Infinity,
The Three Types of Isolated Singular Points , Residues at Poles, Zeros of Analytic Functions, Zeros and
Poles, Behavior of Functions Near Isolated Singular Points
Applications of Residues: Evaluation of Improper Integrals, Improper Integrals from Fourier Analysis ,J
ordan’s Lemma, Indented Paths, An Indentation Around a Branch Point, Integration Along a Branch Cut,
Definite Integrals Involving Sines and Cosines , Argument Principle, Rouch´e’s Theorem , Inverse
Laplace Transforms .
Conformal Mapping: Preservation of Angles, Scale Factors, Local Inverses, Harmonic Conjugates,
Transformations of Harmonic Functions, Transformations of Boundary Conditions.
Course outcomes: Students are expected to understand
• The complex number and their geometric interpretation.
• Functions of a complex variable, limits, continuity.
• The all-important concepts of the derivative of a complex function and analyticity of a function.
• The trigonometric, exponential, hyperbolic, and logarithmic Functions.
• The famous Cauchy-Goursat theorem and the Cauchy integral formulas.
40
• Concepts of complex sequences and infinite series and the Laurent series, residues, and the
residue theorem and its applications
• Complex mappings that are conformal are defined and used to solve certain problems.
Recommended Book: James W. Brown and R.V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications, 8th
ed., McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Reference Books
1. Fundamentals of Complex Analysis, 3rd Edition, E.B. Saff and Arthur D. Snider. Prentice Hall,
2003.
2. Visual Complex Analysis, Tristan Needham, Oxford University Press, 1997.
3. Dennis G. Zill A First Course In Complex Analysis With Applications, 2003 by Jones and
Bartlett Publishers.
41
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 1-5 Sums and Products , Basic Algebraic Properties , Further Properties,
Vectors and Moduli , Complex Conjugates .
2 6-11 Exponential Form, Products and Powers in Exponential Form,
Arguments of Products and Quotients , Roots of Complex Numbers,
Examples, Regions in the Complex Plane.
3 12-17 Functions of a Complex Variable, Mappings, Mappings by the
Exponential Function, Limits, Theorems on Limits, contents, Limits
Involving the Point at Infinity.
4 18-27 Continuity, Derivatives, Differentiation Formulas, Cauchy–Riemann
Equations, Sufficient Conditions for Differentiability, Polar Coordinates,
Analytic Functions, Examples, Harmonic Functions, Uniquely
Determined Analytic Functions, Reflection Principle.
5 29-32 The Exponential Function , The Logarithmic Function, Branches and
Derivatives of Logarithms, Some Identities Involving Logarithms ,
6 33-36 Complex Exponents, Trigonometric Functions, Hyperbolic Functions,
Inverse Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions.
8 37-39 Derivatives of Functions w(t), Definite Integrals of Functions w(t),
Contours
9 40-45 Contour Integrals, Some Examples, Examples with Branch Cuts, Upper
Bounds for Moduli of Contour Integrals, Antiderivatives.
10 46-54 Cauchy–Goursat Theorem, Simply Connected Domains, Multiply
Connected Domains, Cauchy Integral Formula, An Extension of the
Cauchy Integral Formula, Some Consequences of the Extension ,
Liouville’s Theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra,
Maximum Modulus Principle
11 55-67 Review of power series, Convergence of Sequences, Convergence of
Series, Taylor Series, Laurent Series, Absolute and Uniform Convergence
of Power Series, Multiplication and Division of Power Series.
12 68-72 Isolated Singular Points, Residues, Cauchy’s Residue Theorem, Residue
at Infinity, The Three Types of Isolated Singular Points
14 73-77 Residues at Poles, Zeros of Analytic Functions, Zeros and Poles, Behavior
of Functions Near Isolated Singular Points.
15 78-82 Evaluation of Improper Integrals, Improper Integrals from Fourier
Analysis ,J ordan’s Lemma, Indented Paths
16 82-87 An Indentation Around a Branch Point, Integration Along a Branch Cut,
Definite Integrals Involving Sines and Cosines, Argument Principle,
Rouch´e’s Theorem , Inverse Laplace Transforms .
17 101-106 Preservation of Angles, Scale Factors, Local Inverses, Harmonic
Conjugates, Transformations of Harmonic Functions, Transformations of
Boundary Conditions.
42
MATH-344 Metric and Topological Spaces

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives:
The aim of this course is to introduce the students to metric spaces and topological spaces. After
completion of this course, they would be familiar with separation axioms, compactness and completeness.
They would be able to determine whether a function defined on a metric or topological space is
continuous or not and what homeomorphisms are.
Core Contents: Review of the theory of Mathematical analysis, Introduction to metric Spaces,
Introduction to Topological Spaces, Subspaces, Quotients and Products, Compactness, Connectedness.
Detailed Contents:
Review of the theory of Mathematical analysis: Sets, bounded subsets of real line, set operations,
sequences and subsequences, Topology of n-dimensional Euclidean space, Functions.
Introduction to metric Spaces: Metrics, pseudo-metrics and convergence of sequences, Norms and
normed spaces, open balls in metric spaces, Continuous functions, New metric spaces from old, Open sets
in metric spaces.
Introduction to Topological Spaces: Topologies and Topological spaces, Interior, Closure and related
concepts, equivalent definitions of metric spaces, Continuous functions, homeomorphism and isometries,
equivalence of metrics, Bases and sub-bases.
Subspaces, Quotients and Products: The subspace topology, the quotient topology, the product
topology.
Compactness: Sequential compactness for metric spaces, Compactness for topological spaces,
compactness in terms of closed sets, equivalence of compactness and sequential compactness for metric
spaces.
Connectedness: connected and disconnected topological spaces and subsets, connected sets and
continuous functions, classification of connected subsets, components and new connected sets from old,
Path connectedness and open subsets of n-dimensional space.
Recommended Book: Wilson A. Sutherland. “Introduction to metric and Topological Spaces” 2nd Ed.
2009. Oxford University Press.
Reference book:
1. D. J. H. Garling, A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume 2, Metric and Topological Spaces,
Cambridge, 2014.
2. N. Kolmogorov, S. V. Fomin, Introductory Real Analysis, Dover Publications, 1970.
3. J. Kelly, General Topology, Springer, 2005.
4. K. Janich, Topology, Springer, 1994.
5. J. Hocking, G. Young, Topology, Dover Publications, 1961.
43
(This breakdown based on Wilson A. Sutherland. “Introduction to metric and Topological Spaces”
2nd edition)
Week Book Topics

number Chapter
1 3 Direct and Inverse images, Inverse functions
2 4 Sets, bounded subsets of real line, set operations,
3 4 Topology of n-dimensional Euclidean space, Functions.
4 5 Metrics, pseudo-metrics and convergence of sequences, Norms and normed
spaces, open balls in metric spaces
5 5 New metric spaces from old, Open sets in metric spaces.
6 6 Interior. Closure and related concepts, equivalent definitions of metric spaces,
8 6 Convergence in metric spaces, Equivalent metrics
9 7 Topologies and Topological spaces
10 8 Continuous functions, homeomorphism and isometries, equivalence of metrics,
Bases and sub-bases.
11 9 Some concepts in topological spaces
12 10 The subspace topology, the quotient topology, the product topology.
14 11 connected and disconnected topological spaces and subsets, connected sets
and continuous functions
15 12 classification of connected subsets, components and new connected sets from
old, Path connectedness and open subsets of n-dimensional space.
16 13 Compactness for topological spaces, compactness in terms of closed sets
17 13 equivalence of compactness and sequential compactness for metric spaces.
44
MATH-353 Partial Differential Equations

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites. MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I
Course Objectives: The course aims at developing understanding about fundamental concepts of partial
differential equations. Thus, the subject will provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for
an adequate understanding of other subjects of both mathematics and other disciplines in which
differential equations are involved, with the final aim of being able to solve problems that arise in all the
engineering fields that are governed by differential equations.
Core contents: First order partial differential equations, Second order partial differential equations, The
Cauchy problem and wave equations, Methods of separation of variables, Integral transform methods
Detailed Contents:
First order partial differential equations
• Introduction, formation of PDEs.
• Classification of first order partial differential equations.
• Solutions of PDEs of first order equations,
• The Cauchy’s problem for quasilinear first order PDEs.
• First order nonlinear equations.
Second order partial differential equations
• Basic concepts and definitions.
• The classical equations, the vibrating string.
• The vibrating membrane, conduction of heat in solids.
• Canonical forms and general solution.
The Cauchy problem and wave equations
• Homogenous wave equations.
• Initial-Boundary value problems.
• Equations with non homogenous boundary conditions.
• Vibration of finite string with fixed ends.
• Non homogenous wave equation.
• Spherical and cylindrical wave equation.
Methods of separation of variables
• Solutions of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic.
• Dirichlet problem for a circle and circular annulus.
• Neumann problem for a circle.
• Nonhomogenous boundary value problems.
Integral transform methods: Laplace Transform
• Introduction and properties of Laplace transform.
• Solution of PDES by Laplace transforms.
• Fourier Transforms
• Fourier transform pair, transform of elementary functions.
• Convolution theorem of the Fourier transform.
• Solutions of heat, wave and Laplace equations by Fourier transforms.
• Finite Fourier transform and its applications
• Recognize and classify first order partial differential equations
• Reduce second order partial differential equations to canonical form and find general solution.
• Derive heat and wave equations.
• Solve partial differential equations by method of separation of variables.
• Apply transform methods to solve partial differential equations.
45
Recommended Book: Tyn Myint-U, Lokenath Debnath: Linear Partial Differential Equations for
Scientist and Engineers, (4rd Edition), 2007, Birkhauser, Boston.
Reference Books
1. Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen, Differential equations with boundary value problems, Brooks
Cole, 2008.
2. John Polking, Al Boggess, Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems, 2nd
3. Edition, Pearson,July 28, 2005.
4. J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University press, 1987.
Week wise Breakup (three hours in a week)

Text Book: Tyn Myint-U, Lokenath Debnath: Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and
Engineers, (4rd Edition), 2007,
Week Book Topics
section
1 1.2 Basic concepts and definitions
1.3 Mathematical problems
1.4 Linear operators
2 2.2-2.4 Classification of first order equation, Construction of first order equation,
Geometrical interpretation of first order equation
3 2.5 Method of characteristics and general solution
2.6 Canonical form of first order linear equations
4 2.7 Method of separation of variables
5 4.1 Classification of second order linear equations
4.2 Canonical form
6 4.4. General solution
8 5.1, 5.3- The Cauchy problem and wave equations. Homogenous wave equations.
5.5 Initial-Boundary value problems, Equations with non homogenous boundary
conditions
9 5.6 Vibration of finite string with fixed ends.
5.7 Non homogenous wave equation.
5.10, 5.11 Spherical and cylindrical wave equation.
10 7.2,7.3,7.5 Method of separation of variables, the vibrating string problem, The heat
conduction problem,
11 7.7, 7.8 The Laplace and beam equation, Nonhomogenous problems
12 12.2, 12.3 Fourier Transforms, Properties of Fourier Transform
14 12.4, 12.5 Convolution Theorem of Fourier , Solution of PDEs, Fourier transform of
step and impulse function
15 12.6 Fourier Sine and Cosine transform: Solution of PDEs.
12.8-12.10 The Laplace transform, Properties of Laplace transform, Convolution
Theorem
16 12.11 Laplace transform of step and impulse function, Solution of PDEs.
17 12.15 Finite Fourier transform and its applications
46
MATH-354 Calculus of Variations

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites. MTH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I
Course Objectives: The calculus of variations is one of the classical subjects in

mathematics. The fundamentals of this course are laid down by icons of mathematics like Euler and
Lagrange. It is still a very alive and evolving subject. Besides its mathematical importance and its links
with other branches of mathematics, such as geometry or differential equations, it is widely used in
physics, engineering, economics and mathematical biology. This course focuses on necessary condition
for a function to yield an extremum for a functional, the Euler-Lagrange equation, isoperimetric
problems, holonomic and nonholonomic constraints and the connections between the Euler-Lagrange
equations and Hamilton’s equations.
Core Contents: The First Variation, Isoperimetric Problems, Holonomic and Nonholonomic onstraints,
The Hamiltonian Formulation
Detailed Contents
• The First Variation: The Finite-Dimensional Case, The Euler-Lagrange Equation, Some Special
Cases: No Explicit y Dependence, No Explicit x Dependence , Degenerate Case, Invariance of
the Euler-Lagrange .
• Some Generalizations: Functionals Containing Higher-order, Several Dependent, Two
Independent Variables, The Inverse Problem
• Isoperimetric Problems: The Finite-Dimensional Case and Lagrange Multipliers, Single
Constraint, Multiple Constraints Abnormal Problems ,The Isoperimetric Problem, Some
Generalizations on the Isoperimetric
• Holonomic and Nonholonomic Constraints
• Problem s with Variable Endpoints: Natural Boundary Conditions, The General Case,
Transversality Conditions .
• The Hamiltonian Formulation: The Legendre Transformation, Hamilton's, Equations,
Symplectic Maps, The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation, The General Problem, Conservative Systems ,
Separation of Variables, The Method of Additive, Separation, Conditions for Separable Solutions
Course Outcomes:
The students are expected to understand
• the necessary condition for a function to yield an extremum
• the Euler-Lagrange equation, isoperimetric problems
• holonomic and nonholonomic constraints
• the connections between the Euler-Lagrange equations and Hamilton’s equations
Recommended Book: Bruce van Brunt, The Calculus of Variations, Springer-verlag New York, 2004.
Recommended Books:
1. K.T. Tang, Mathematical Methods for Engineers and Scientists Vol 3, Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg 2007
2. Louis Komzsik, Applied Calculus of Variations for Engineers, CRC Press, 2009.
3. Bernard Dacorogna, Introduction to the calculus of variations, World Scientific Publishing, 1992.
4. Robert Weinstock, Calculus of variations with applications to physics and engineering, McGraw-
Hill, 1952
47
Text Book: Bruce van Brunt, The Calculus of Variations, Springer-verlag New York lnc, 2004
Week Book section Topics
1 2.1, 2.2 The Finite-Dimensional Case
Functions of One Variable, Functions of Several Variables, The Euler-
Lagrange Equation
2 2.3, 2.4 Some Special Cases: No Explicit y Dependence, No Explicit x
Dependence, A Degenerate Case
3 2.5, 2.6 Invariance of the Euler-Lagrange Equation Existence of Solutions to the
Boundary-value Problem
4 3.1, 3.2 Some Generalizations, Functionals Containing Higher-order Derivatives,
Several Dependent Variables
5 3.3, 3.4, 4.1 Two Independent Variables, The Inverse Problem, The Finite-
Dimensional Case and Lagrange Multipliers, Single Constraint, Multiple
Constraints, Abnormal Problems
6 4.2, 4.3 The Isoperimetric Problem Some Generalizations on the Isoperimetric
Problem, Problems Containing Higher-order Derivatives, Multiple
Isoperimetric Constraints, Several Dependent Variables.
8 5.1,5.2 The Sturm-Liouville Problem, The First Eigenvalue,
9 5.3 Higher Eigenvalues
10 6.1, 6.2 Holonomic Constraints, Nonholonomic Constraints
11 7.1, 7.2 Problem s with Variable Endpoints, Natural Boundary Conditions, The
General Case
12 7.3 Transversality Conditions
14 8.1, 8.2 The Legendre Transformation, Hamilton's Equations
15 8.3 Symplectic Maps
16 8.4 The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation, The General Problem, Conservative
Systems, Separation of Variables,
17 8.5 The Method of Additive Separation Conditions for Separable Solutions
48
MATH-381 Differential Geometry-I

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives: After having completed this course, the students would be expected to understand
classical concepts in the local theory of curves and surfaces. Also the students will be familiar with the
geometrical interpretation of the terminology used in the course.
Core Contents: Parametric representation of curves and surfaces, tangent and normal vectors, curvatures,
fundamental forms.
Detailed Contents:
• Theory of Space Curves: Introduction, parametric representation of a space curves, arc length,
tangent, normal and binormal, osculating, normal and rectifying planes. Curvature and torsion,
the Frenet-Serret theorem, natural equation of a curve, involutes and evolutes, helices.
Fundamental existence theorem of space curves.
• Theory of Planar Curves: Parametric representation of planar curves, curvature, circle of
curvature, involutes and evolutes.
• Theory of Surfaces: Coordinate transformation. Tangent plane and surface normal. The first
fundamental form and the metric tensor. The second fundamental form. Principal, Guassian,
mean, geodesic and normal curvatures.
Course Outcomes:
• Student should be able to describe Frenet-Serret apparatus and Osculating, normal and rectifying
planes.
• Student should know the Frenet-Serret theorem and their applications.
• Student should be familiar with coordinate transformation.
• Student should know the difference of all kinds of curvature of surface.
Recommended Text Book: Abraham Goetz “Introduction to Differential Geometry (Second Edition ” 2nd
Ed. 1970. Addison Wesley.
Reference Book: R.S. Millmann and G. D. Parker “Elements of Differential Geometry”, 1st Ed. 1970,
Prentice-Hall, New Jersy.
49

(This breakdown based on Abraham Goetz, “Introduction to Differential Geometry”, 2nd Edition 1970.
Addison Wesley)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1-1.7, 2.1 - Introduction: vector algebra, elements of vector calculus.
2.7
2 3.1-3.5 General curve Theory: The parametric representation of a curve, Contact
3 4.1-4.5 Contact of curves and of a curve with a surface
4 5.1 – 5.2 The Frenet trihedron and Frenet’s Formula, curvature the circle of curvature, the
6.1-6.3 torsion of a curve.
5 6.4-6.5 The Darboux vector, The relative position of the curve with respect to its Frenet
trihedron.
6 7.1-7.2 The evolutes and Involutes.
8 8.1-8.5 The natural equation of a curve. Special types of curves.
9 9.1-9.5 The Theory of Planar Curves: Planar parametric curves
10 10.1-10.4 Implicit equation of a curve, singular points of a curve given by an implicit
equation, polar coordinates.
11 11.1-11.3, Ordinary surface, regular surface, singular points, curvilinear coordinates, the
11.6-11.7 implicit equation of the surface, singular points of a surface given by an implicit
equation
12 12.1-12.3 The tangent plane and normal vector to a surface given by parametric
representation, the orientation of a surface, the tangent plane in the case of the
implicit equation
14 16.1-16.4 The first fundamental form: Curves on a surface an tangent vector, the arc-length
of a curve on the surface, the first fundamental form
15 16.5-16.8 The length of the tangent vector, special forms of the first fundamental form, the
area of surface
16 17.1-17.3 The second fundamental form: The deviation of the surface from the tangent
plane, the second fundamental form of a surface, the Gaussian curvature, change of
curvilinear coordinates
17 18.1-18.2 The fundamental theorem of the theory of surface
18 End semester exam
50
MATH-423 Rings and Fields

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-322 Group Theory
Course Objectives: In abstract algebra, ring theory is the study of rings an algebraic structures in which
addition and multiplication are defined and have similar properties to those operations defined for the
integers. Ring theory studies the structure of rings and their representations. Ring theory was originated in
mid-nineteenth century by Richard Dedekind.
Core Contents: Rings, Subrings, Integral domains, Ideals, Factor rings, Polynomial rings, Ring
homomorphisms, Field extensions.
Detailed Contents:
Rings: Properties of rings, ring of Gaussian integers, characteristic of a ring.
Integral domains: Zero divisors, Finite integral domains, fields, the field of quotients.
Subrings: Subrings, Subring test.
Ideals: Ideals, ideal test, principal ideal, prime ideals, maximal ideals.
Factor ring: Existence of factor ring.
Ring homomorphism: Ring homomorphism, isomorphism, properties of ring homomorphism, kernel of
a homomorphism, natural homomorphism from ring to its factor ring.
Polynomial rings: Polynomial rings, Polynomial ring over a field, unique factorization domains,
principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains.
Extension fields: The fundamental theorem of field theory, splitting fields, algebraic extensions, degree
of an extension, finite extensions, finite fields.
Course Outcomes:
• Rings, properties of rings, ring of Gaussian integers.
• Subrings, subring test, zero devisors, integral domains.
• Fields, finite integral domains, characteristic of a ring.
• Ideals, principal ideal, prime ideals, maximal ideals.
• Factor ring, ring homomorphism, ring isomorphism, properties of ring homomorphism.
• Kernel of a homomorphism, natural homomorphism from ring to its factor ring.
• The field of quotients.
• Polynomial rings, Polynomial ring over a field.
• Unique factorization domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains.
• Extension fields, the fundamental theorem of field theory, splitting fields.
• Algebraic extensions, degree of an extension.
• Finite extensions.
• Finite fields.
Recommended Book: J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra. 7th ed. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA,
2009.
Reference Books
2. J. B. Fraleigh, A first course in abstract algebra (7th edition), 1998, Addison-Wesley publishing.
3. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra (2nd eddition), New York, John Wiley & sons, Inc., 1975.
51

(This breakdown based on J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra 7th edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 Ch.13, Ch.14 Rings definition and examples, properties of rings, ring of Gaussian integers.
2 Ch.14, Ch.15 Subrings, definition and examples, subring test, zero devisors integral domains.
3 Ch.15 Fields, definitions and examples, finite integral domains, Characteristic of a ring.
4 Ch.16 Ideals, ideal test, principal ideal, prime ideals, maximal ideals.
5 Ch.16, Ch.17 Factor ring, existence of factor ring, examples ring homomorphism, ring
isomorphism, , definition and examples. isomorphism, definition and examples.
6 Ch.17 Properties of ring homomorphism, kernel of a homomorphism, natural
homomorphism from ring to its factor ring, the field of quotients.
8 Ch.18 Polynomial rings.
9 Ch.19 Polynomial ring over a field.
10 Ch.19 Unique factorization domains.
11 Ch.20 Principal ideal domains.
12 Ch.20 Euclidean domains.
14 Ch.22 Extension fields, The fundamental theorem of field theory, splitting fields.
15 Ch.23 Algebraic extensions, degree of an extension.
16 Ch.23 Finite extensions.
17 Ch.24 Finite fields.
52
MATH-455 Integral Equations

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisites: None
Course Objectives: Integral equations have been of considerable significance in the history of
mathematics. This course is mainly concerned with linear integral equations and a brief discussion of a
simple type of non-linear the connection between differential and integral equations.
Core Contents: Classification of integral equations, Connection with differential equations, Integral
equations of the convolution type, Method of successive approximations, Integral equations with singular
kernels, Fredholm theory , Hibert-Schmidt theory
Detailed Contents
Classification of integral equations
• Linear integral equations
• Special types of kernel
• Square integrable functions and kernels
• Singular integral equations
• Non-linear equations
Connection with differential equations
• Linear differential
• Green's function
• Influence function
Integral equations of the convolution type
• Integral transforms
• Fredholm equation of the second kind
• Volterra equation of the second kind
• Fredholm equation of the first kind
• Volterra equation of the first
Method of successive approximations
• Neumann series
• Iterates and the resolvent kernel
Integral equations with singular kernels
• Generalization to higher dimensions
• Green's functions in two and three dimensions
• Dirichlet's problem
• Poisson's formula for the unit disc
• Poisson's formula for the half plane
• Hilbert kernel
• Singular integral equation of Hilbert type
Thee resolvent
• Resolvent equation
• Uniqueness theorem
• Characteristic values and functions
• Neumann series
• Volterra integral equation of the second kind
• Bacher's example
• Fredholm equation in abstract Hilbert space
Fredholm theory
• Degenerate kernels
• Approximation by degenerate kernels
53
• Fredholm';, theorems
• Fredholm theorems for completely continuous
• operators .
• Fredholm formulae for continuous kernels
Hibert-Schmidt theory
• Hermitian kernels
• Spectrum of a Hilbert-Schmidt kernel
• Expansion theorems
• Hilbert-Schmidt theorem
• Solution of Fredholm equation of second kind
• Bounds on characteristic values
• Positive kernels
• Mercer's theorem
• Variational principles
• Rayleigh-Ritz variational method.
Course Outcomes: The students will be able to
• Understand the theory of linear integral equations
• Apply different techniques to solve integral equations
• Understand the connection between differential and integral equations
Recommended Book: B. L. Moiseiwitsch, Integral equations, Longman London and New York, 1977.
Reference Books:
1. R. P. Kanwal, Linear Integral Equations Theory and Technique, Academic Press 1971.
2. Abdul-Majid Wazwaz, Linear and Nonlinear Integral Equations: Methods and Applications,
Springer 2011.
3. Hochstadt , Integral equations, John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
54
Weekwise Breakup (three hours in a week)

Text Book: B. L. Moiseiwitsch, Integral equations, Longman London and New York, 1977.
Week Book Topics
section
1 1.1-1.3 Classification of integral equations ,Historical introduction , Linear integral equations ,
Special types of kernel , Symmetric kernels
Kernels producing convolution integrals, Separable kernels
2 1.4-1.6 Square integrable functions and kernels ,Singular integral equations
Non-linear equations
3 2.1-2.3 Linear differential equations, Green's function, Influence function
4 3.1-3.3 Integral transforms, Fredholm equation of the second kind, Volterra equation of the second
kind
5 3.4-3.6 Fredholm equation of the first kind, Stieltjes integral equation, Volterra equation of the
first kind
6 4.1-4.2 Method of successive approximations: Neumann series, Iterates and the resolvent kernel
8 5.1-5.2 Generalization to higher dimensions, Green's functions in two and three dimensions
9 5.3, 5.4 Dirichlet's problem, Poisson's formula for the unit disc , Poisson's formula for the half
plane, Hilbert kernel, Hilbert transforms, Singular integral equation of Hilbert type
10 8.1-8.3 Resolvent equation, Uniqueness theorem, Characteristic values and functions
11 8.4,8.5 Neumann series, Volterra integral equation of the second kind, Bacher's example,
Fredholm equation in abstract Hilbert space
12 9.1, 9.2 Degenerate kernels , Approximation by degenerate kernels
14 9.3, 9.4 Fredholm';, theorems, Fredholm theorems for completely continuous, Operators, Fredholm
formulae for continuous kernels
15 10.1, 10.2 Hermitian kernels, Spectrum of a Hilbert-Schmidt kernel
16 10.3, 10.4 Expansion theorems, Hilbert-Schmidt theorem, Hilbert's formula, Expansion theorem for
iterated kernels, Solution of Fredholm equation of second kind.
17 10.5-10.8 Bounds on characteristic values, Positive kernels, Mercer's theorem, Variational principles,
Rayleigh-Ritz variational method.
55
MATH-473 Operations Research

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: None
Course Objectives: The objective is to provide a fundamental account of the basic results and techniques
of linear programming (LP) and its related topics in operations research. There is an equal emphasis on all
aspects of understanding, algorithms and applications. The course serves, together with topic on network
models, as essential concept and background for more advanced studies in operations research. The main
focus of the course is on Linear Programming Models, Duality Problems and Sensitivity analysis,
Transportation Models and Network Flow Models.
Core Contents: Linear Programming, Duality and Sensitivity Analysis, Transportation Models, Network
Flow Problems
Detailed Contents:
• Linear Programming: Linear programming, formulations and graphical solution, Simplex
method, M-Technique and two-phase technique, Special cases in Simplex method
• Duality and Sensitivity Analysis: The dual problem, primal-dual relationships, Dual simplex
method, Sensitivity and postoptimal analysis
• Transportation Models: Transportation problem formulations, North-West corner Method, Least-
Cost and Vogel’s approximations methods, The method of multipliers, The assignment model
• Network Flow Problems: Minimal spanning tree algorithm, Shortest route-problem, Maximal
flow models
Course Outcomes:
• To understand the basic techniques in operations research and formulations of the problems
• To understand the fundamental concept and approach of linear programming appropriate to the
further study of operations research;
• To demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the underlying techniques of the Simplex
Method and its extensions such as the revised Simplex and dual Simplex algorithms;
• To understand and apply the theory of LP duality such as in the theory and computations of
Network Optimization
Recommended Books: Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research - An Introduction, Prentice Hall; 9th
edition, 2010.
Reference Books
1. Paul A. Jensen, Jonathan F. Bard, Operations Research Models and Methods, John Wiley and
Sons Publishing Company, 2003.
2. Glenn H. Hurlbert, Linear Optimization, Springer, 2010.
56

(This breakdown based on Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research - An Introduction, Prentice
Hall; 9th edition, 2010.)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1 ~ 1.2 Operation Research Models, Solving the OR Models
2 2.1 Two-Variable LP Model
3 2.2 Graphical LP Solutions and Selected LP Applications
4 3.1 ~ 3.2 LP Models in equation form, Transition from Graphical to Algebraic Solution
5 3.3 ~ 3.4 The Simplex Method, Artificial Starting Solution
6 3.5 Special Cases in Simplex Method
8 3.6 Sensitivity Analysis
9 4.1 ~ 4.2 Definition of Dual Problem, Primal-Dual Relationship
10 4.4 Dual Simplex Algorithm
11 4.5 Post-Optimal Analysis
12 5.1 ~ 5.2 Definition of the Transportation Model, Nontraditional Transportation Models
14 5.3 ~ 5.4 The Transportation Algorithm, The Assignment Model
15 6.2 Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm
16 6.3 Shortest-Route Problem
17 6.4 Maximal Flow Models
57
MATH-457 Mathematical Modeling

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I
Course Objectives: This course aims to provide insight and practice in how mathematical models can
be used to better understand biology, physics, engineering, and economics etc. Mathematical models are
increasingly seen as a powerful approach to understanding complex interacting systems. The focus will be
on formulating models and model analysis to better understand models and drawing conclusions based on
model outcomes. Since the course contents are rather wide a focus will be made on increasing overall
confidence in mathematical modeling, rather than deep study of each particular area. The course will not
be concerned with the techniques for solving the equations but with setting up the equations in specific
applications.
Core Contents: Compound interest and Mortgage payment, Differential Equation models, modeling in
physical sciences, Nonlinear Population models, Models for Interacting species, Marriage and divorce
modeling, Age of the earth.
Detailed Contents:
• Compound interest and mortgage payments: Your bank account, your mortgage payment,
monthly interest, Compounding: Daily interest compounding or rate of change.
• Differential Equation models: Introduction, radiometric dating, the age of Uranium in our solar
system, the age of the universe, carbon dating, epidemic modeling, Stability and asymptotic
stability, Calculus, Newton and Leibniz, Vector calculus,
• Modeling in physical sciences: Rewriting Kepler’s law mathematically, Generalizations, Newton
and Elliptic Orbit.
• Nonlinear Population models: Population models, Growth and Decay, Logistic equation,
Qualitative analysis, Harvesting models, Economic considerations, Depensation growth models.
The nonlinear system and its linearization, Fundamental Theorem of Stability.
• Models for Interacting species: Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey model, linear analysis, nonlinear
analysis, Harvesting of Predator and Prey, Indiscriminate spraying of insects, the case of missing
large mammalian carnivores, more examples of interaction.
• Marriage and divorce modeling: Self interaction, marital interaction, Validating couple, General
equilibrium solutions.
• Age of the earth: Lord Kelvin’s model: Modeling the heat equation and some application to heat
conduction problems in rods, lamina, cylinders etc.
Course Outcomes: The student would be able to
• formulate important models treated during the course;
• outline the mathematical methods and techniques that are used to analyze these models and
understand in what situations these methods can be applied;
• understand how to draw a conclusion from a model;
• solve standard problems within the areas covered by the course.
Recommended Book
K. K. Tung, Topics in mathematical modeling, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, (2007)
Reference Books:
1. Linda J. S. Allen, An Introduction to Mathematical Biology, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2007.
2. Fred Brauer, ‎Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Mathematical Models in Population Biology and
Epidemiology, Springer, 2011
58

(This breakdown based on K. K. Tung, Topics in mathematical modeling, Princeton University
Press, New Jersey, 2007)
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 3.1, 3.2 Compound interest and mortgage payments, Your bank account, Your mortgage
payment, monthly interest, Compounding: Daily interest compounding or rate of
change.
2 4.1, 4.2. 4.3 Introduction, radiometric dating, the age of Uranium in our solar system
3 4.4, 4.5. 4.6 The age of the universe, carbon dating, SI, SIS and SIR modeling
4 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, Stability and asymptotic stability, Calculus, Newton and Leibniz, Vector calculus
5.3
5 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 Rewriting Kepler’s law mathematically, Generalizations, Newton and Elliptic
Orbit
6 6.1, 6.2 Population models, Growth and Decay, Logistic equation
8 6.3, 6.4 Qualitative analysis, Harvesting models
9 6.5,6.6 Economic considerations, Depensation growth models
10 9.1, 9.2 The nonlinear system and its linearization, Fundamental Theorem of Stability
11 9.3 Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey model, Linear analysis, Nonlinear analysis
12 9.4 Harvesting of Predator and Prey, Indiscriminate spraying of insects
14 9.5, 9.7 The case of missing large mammalian carnivores, More examples of interactions
15 10.1, 10.2 Mathematical modeling of marriage and divorce, Self interaction, Marital
interaction.
16 10.4, 10.7 Validating couple, General equilibrium solutions
17 13.1, 13.2 Modeling the heat equation and some application to heat conduction problems in
rods, lamina, cylinders etc.
59
MATH-445 Measure and Integration

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites. MATH 342 Real Analyses-II
Course Objectives:
This course is intended for an understanding of Lebesgue measure and integration. In this course the
most fundamental concepts are presented: Lebesgue measure , Lebesgue integration, Modes of
Convergence and Complex Integration
Core contents: Measures, Integration, Construction Methods of Measures, Modes of Convergence,
Decomposition of Measures, Complex Integration
Detailed Contents:
Measures: Sigma Algebra and measures, measure determining classes, Lebesgue measure,
Caratheodory’s Theorem, existence of linear measure.
Integration: Integration of functions with values in [0, ∞], Integration of function with arbitrary sign,
Comparison of Riemann and Lebesgue Integrals.
Construction Methods of Measures: Metric spaces, Linear functional and measures, q-Adic expansions
of numbers in the unit interval, Product measures, Change of variables in volume integrals.
Modes of Convergence: Convergence in measure, Orthogonality, The Haar Basis and Wiener Measure.
Decomposition of Measures: Complex measure, The Lebesgue Decomposition and the Radon-Nikodym
Theorem. The Wiener Maximal Theorem and Lebesgue Differentiation theorem.
Complex Integration: Complex Integrand, The Fourier transform, Fourier inversion, Non
differentiability of Brownian Paths.
Recommended Book: G. B. Folland “Real Analysis: Modern techniques and their Applications” 2nd
Edition, 1999. John Wiley and Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Rudin, Walter. Real and Complex Analysis. McGraw-Hill International Editions: Mathematics
Series. McGraw-Hill Education - Europe, 1986. ISBN: 9780070542341.
2. Jones, Frank. Lebesgue Integration on Euclidean Space. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Publishers,
February 1, 1993.
3. Evans, Lawrence C., and Ronald F. Gariepy. Measure Theory and Fine Properties of
Function. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, December 18, 1991. ISBN: 0849371570.
60

(This breakdown based on G. B. Folland “Real Analysis: Modern techniques and their Applications”
2nd Edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1-1.3 Introduction, Sigma Algebra and measures
2 1.4 Outer Measures
3 1.5 Borel Measures on the Real Line, Caratheodory’s Theorem, existence of linear
measure
4 2.1 Measurable Functions
5 2.2 Integration of Nonnegative Functions
6 2.3 Integration of Complex Functions
8 2.4 Modes of Convergence
9 2.5 Product Measures
10 2.6 The n-dimensional Lebesgue Integral
11 2.7 Integration in Polar Coordinates
12 3.1 Signed Measures
14 3.2 The Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym Theorem
15 3.3 Complex Measures
16 3.4 Differentiation on Euclidean Space
17 3.5 Functions of Bounded Variation
61
MATH-446 Functional Analysis

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites. 242-Real Analysis-I
Course Objectives:
This course extends methods of linear algebra and analysis to spaces of functions, in which the interaction
between algebra and analysis allows powerful methods to be developed. The course will be
mathematically sophisticated and will use ideas both from linear algebra and analysis.
Core contents: Metric Spaces, Normed Spaces and Banach Spaces, Inner Product Spaces and Hilbert
Spaces,
Course Contents.
Metric Spaces: Metric spaces, Examples of metric spaces, Open sets, Closed sets, Neighborhood,
Completeness of metric spaces.
Normed Spaces and Banach Spaces: Vector Space, Normed Space, Banach Space, Properties of
Normed Spaces, Finite Dimensional normed spaces and subspaces, Compactness and finite dimension.
Linear Operators, Bounded and Continuous linear operators, Linear Functionals, Linear Operators and
Functionals on finite dimensional spaces. Normed spaces of Operators, Dual Spaces.
Inner Product Spaces and Hilbert Spaces: Inner product space, Hilbert space, Properties of inner
product spaces, Orthogonal complements and direct sums, Orthonormal sets and sequences, Series
Related to Orthonormal sequences and sets, Total Orthonormal Sets and Sequences, Self-Adjoint, Unitary
and Normal Operators.
Recommended Book: Erwin Kreyszig “Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications” 1989. John
Wiley and Sons.
Reference Books:
1. John B. Conway A Course in Functional Analysis, Springer, 1990.
2. Brezis, Haim Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations, Springer
2010.
62

(This breakdown based on Erwin Kreyszig “Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications”)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1-1.2 Metric spaces, Examples of metric spaces
2 1.3-1.4 Open sets, Closed sets, Neighborhood, Completeness of metric spaces.
3 2.1-2.3 Vector Space, Normed Space, Banach Space, Properties of Normed Spaces,
4 2.4-2.5 Finite Dimensional normed spaces and subspaces, Compactness and finite
dimension
5 2.6 Linear Operators,
6 2.7 Bounded and Continuous linear operators
8 2.8 Linear Functional,
9 2.9 Linear Operators and Functional on finite dimensional spaces
10 2.10 Normed spaces of Operators, Dual Spaces
11 3.1-3.2 Inner product space, Hilbert space, Properties of inner product spaces
12 3.3 Orthogonal complements and direct sums
14 3.4 Orthonormal sets and sequences
15 3.5 Series Related to Orthonormal sequences and sets
16 3.6 Total Orthonormal Sets and Sequences
17 3.10 Self-Adjoint, Unitary and Normal Operators
63
MATH-424 Advanced Group Theory-I

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-322 Group Theory
Course Objectives: This course is the continuation of the course "Group Theory" and covers some
advanced topics in Group Theory such as Group action on a set, Conjugate elements, Conjugacy classes,
Sylow's theorems, Simple groups.
Core Contents: Direct product of groups, Isomorphism theorems, Group action on a set, Conjugation in
groups, Sylow's theorems, Automorphisms of groups.
Detailed Contents:
Direct product of groups: Internal direct product, external direct product.
Isomorphism theorems: 2nd and 3rd isomorphism theorems, the correspondence theorem.
Group action: Group action on a set, orbits and stabilizers.
Conjugation in groups: Conjugate elements, Conjugacy classes, centralizer and normalizer subgroups,
conjugate subgroups, the class equation of a group, p-groups, Cauchy' s theorem.
Sylow's theorems: Sylow p-subgroups, Sylow’s 1st theorem, Sylow’s 2nd and 3rd theorems, simple
groups, applications of Sylow’s theorems.
Automorphisms of groups: Automorphisms, group of automorphisms, Inner automorphisms, group of
automorphisms of a cyclic group.
Course Outcomes:
• Direct product of groups, external direct product, internal direct product
• The correspondence theorem for groups
• Centralizer and normalizer subgroups
• Conjugate subgroups, conjugate elements and conjugacy classes
• Group action on a set
• The class equation of a group
• p-groups, Sylow p-subgroups, Cauchy's theorem for abelian groups
• Sylow’s theorems , simple groups, applications of Sylow’s theorems
• Automorphisms, group of automorphisms, Inner automorphisms,
• Group of automorphisms of a cyclic group
• Free groups.
Recommended Books:
1. J. B. Fraleigh, A first course in abstract algebra (7th edition), 1998, Addison-Wesley
publishing.(referred as J.F )
2. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra (2nd eddition), New York, John Wiley & sons, Inc., 1975.
(referred as I.H )
Reference Books:
2. J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra. 7th ed. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA, 2009.
64
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 J.F Sec.11 Direct product of groups, internal direct product
2 J.F Sec.11 External direct product of groups
3 J.F Sec.15 Revision of factor group, the correspondence theorem
4 J.F Sec. 16 Group action on a set
5 J.F Sec. 34 Isomorphism theorems for groups.
6 J.F Sec. 36 Centralizer and normalizer subgroups, conjugate subgroups.
8 J.F Sec.36 Conjugate elements and conjugacy classes, the class equation of a group.
9 J.F Sec 36 p-Groups, Sylow p-subgroups, definitions, examples and related results.
10 J.F Sec.36 Cauchy theorem for abelian groups, Sylow’s first theorem.
11 J.F Sec.36 Sylow’s 2nd and 3rd theorems.
12 J.F Sec. 37 Simple groups, Applications of Sylow’s theorems.
14 J.F Sec.39 Generators and relations.
15 J.F Sec.39 Free group.
16 I.H Sec. 2.8 Automorphisms, group of automorphisms, definitions and examples, and
related results.
17 I.H Sec. 2.8 Inner automorphisms, group of automorphisms of a cyclic group, and related
results.
65
MATH-425 Advanced Group Theory-II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-424 Advanced Group Theory-I
Course Objectives: This course is the continuation of the course "Advanced Group Theory-1" and
covers the advanced topics in group theory such as series in groups, simplicity, classification of finitely
generated abelian groups.
Core Contents: Free groups, The isomorphism classes of abelian groups, Semi direct product of groups,
Series of groups, Finite Simple groups.
Detailed Contents:
Free groups: Free groups, free abelian groups,
The isomorphism classes of abelian groups: Fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups, the
isomorphism classes of abelian groups.
Semi direct product: Semi direct product of groups.
Series of groups: Normal series, Zassenhaus lemma, refinement of a normal series, subnormal series,
Schreir's refinement theorem, Jordan-Holder theorem, composition series, composition length of a group,
solvable groups, central series, nilpotent groups, lower and upper central series.
Finite Simple groups: Finite simple groups, non-simplicity tests, generalized Cayley's theorem, index
theorem, embedding theorem, the simplicity of alternating group of degree 5.
Course Outcomes:
• Free groups, free abelian groups.
• Fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups.
• The isomorphism classes of abelian groups.
• Semi direct product of groups.
• series of groups, normal series.
• Zassenhaus lemma, refinement of a normal series, subnormal series.
• Schreir's refinement theorem, Jordan-Holder theorem.
• Composition series, composition length of a group.
• Solvable groups, central series, nilpotent groups.
• Finite simple groups.
• Generalized Cayley's theorem.
• The simplicity of alternating group of degree 5.
Recommended Book
• J. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra. 7th ed. Brooks/Cole, Belmont, CA, 2009.(referred
as J.G)
• W. Keith Nicholson, Introduction to Abstract Algebra, (3rd edition), 2007, John Wiley &
sons.(referred as W.N)
Reference Books
• J. B. Fraleigh: A first course in abstract algebra (7th edition), 1998, Addison-Wesley publishing.
66
Week Book Topics

number Section
1 J.G Ch.12 Free groups, Free abelian groups
2 J.G Ch.12 Fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups
3 J.G Ch.12 The isomorphism classes of abelian groups
4 W.N Ch.8 Semi direct product of groups
5 W.N Ch.9 Series of groups, normal series, Zassenhaus lemma
6 W.N Ch.9 Refinement of a normal series, subnormal series, Schreir's
refinement theorem
8 W.N Ch.9 Jordan-Holder theorem, composition series, composition length of a
group
9 W.N Ch.9 Solvable groups
10 W.N Ch.9 Solvable groups, Central series
11 W.N Ch.9 Nilpotent groups
12 W.N Ch.9 Lower and upper central series
14 J.G Ch.27 Finite Simple groups, non-simplicity tests
15 J.G Ch.27 Generalized Cayley's theorem, Index theorem
16 J.G Ch.27 Embedding theorem, The simplicity of alternating group of degree 5
17 J.G Ch.27 Applications
67
MATH-426 Module Theory

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-423 Rings and Fields
Course Objectives: In abstract algebra, the concept of a module over a ring is a generalization of the
notion of vector space over a field, where the corresponding scalars are the elements of an arbitrary ring.
Modules also generalize the notion of abelian groups, which are modules over the ring of integers. Much
of the modern development of commutative algebra emphasizes modules. Both ideals of a ring R and R-
algebras are special cases of R-modules, so module theory encompasses both ideal theory and the theory
of ring extensions. This course focuses the basic concepts and results of Module Theory.
Core Contents: Modules, Modules over PID's, Artinian & Noetherian Modules.
Detailed Contents:
Modules: Modules, submodules, operations on submodules, generation of modules, finitely generated
modules, direct sum of modules, cyclic modules, free modules, quotient modules, homomorphisms of
modules, isomorphism theorems of modules, short exact sequences of modules, group of module
homomorphisms, simple modules.
Modules over PID's: Modules over PID's.
Artinian & Noetherian Modules: Artinian Modules, Noetherian Modules, modules of finite length,
Artinian rings, Noetherian rings, radicals, nil radical Jacobson radical.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, students will know about
• Modules, submodules, generation of modules.
• Finitely generated modules.
• Direct sum of modules.
• Cyclic modules, free modules, quotient modules.
• Homomorphisms of modules, isomorphism modules.
• Short exact sequences of modules.
• Group of module homomorphisms.
• Modules over PID's, simple modules.
• Artinian Modules, Noetherian Modules.
• Modules of finite length.
• Artinian rings, Noetherian rings.
• Radicals, nil radical, Jacobson radical.
Recommended Book: C. Musili, Introduction to Rings and Modules, 2nd edition, 1994,
Narosa Publishing House.
Reference Books:
1. M. F. Atiyah, I. G. Macdonald, Introduction to Commutative Algebra, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, 1969.
2. David S Dummit, Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, (third edition), 2004, John Wiley
& Sons.Thomas W.
3. Hungerford, Algebra, Springer-Verlag, New York Inc. 1974.
68

(This breakdown based on C. Musili, Introduction to Rings and Modules 2nd edition)
Week Book Section Topics
number
1 Sec. 5.1 Modules, submodules, definitions and examples, Generation of modules
2 Sec. 5.1, Sec. 5.2 Finitely generated modules, Direct sum of modules
3 Sec. 5.3 Cyclic modules, Free modules
4 Sec. 5.6, Sec. 5.7 Quotient modules, Homomorphisms of modules
5 Sec. 5.7 Isomorphism theorems of modules
6 Sec. 5.7 Short exact sequences of modules, group of module homomorphisms
8 Sec. 5.8 Simple modules
9 Sec. 5.9 Modules over PID's
10 Sec. 6.1 Artinian Modules
11 Sec. 6.2 Noetherian Modules
12 Sec. 6.3 Modules of finite length
14 Sec. 6.4 Artinian rings
15 Sec. 6.5 Noetherian rings
16 Sec. 6.6 Radicals, Nil radical
17 Sec. 6.6 Jacobson radical
69
MATH-433 Numerical Analysis II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I
Course Objectives: Numerical Analysis deals with the approach to develop numerical algorithms for the
mathematical problems which are not easily solvable by using exact or analytical methods. The key topics
of this subject include numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, numerical solutions of
partial differential equations and finding eigenvalues numerically. This is the second course on numerical
mathematics in SNS.
Core contents: Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations, Numerical Solution of Partial
Differential Equations, Eigenvalue Problems.
Course Contents:
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: Euler’s method, Modified Euler’s Method,
Truncation Error and Stability, The Taylor Series Method, Multistep Method, Adams Multistep Methods,
Runge-Kutta Methods, Differential equations of Higher Order, System of Differential Equations,
Shooting Methods, Boundary Value Problems.
Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Elliptic, Hyperbolic and Parabolic Equations,
Explicit and Implicit Finite Difference Methods, Stability Analysis, Convergence and Consistency.
Eigenvalue Problems: Estimation of Eigenvalue, Gerschgorin’s Theorem and Its Applications, Power
method, Inverse Power Method, Shift of Origin, Deflation Method for the Subdominant Eigenvalues.
Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
• analyze and construct the numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
• obtain numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs)
• familiar with obtaining eigenvalues of a matrix numerically
• implement numerical methods in MATLAB
Recommended Book:
1. Numerical Analysis by Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires, 9th Edition Publisher: Cengage
Learning, 2010. (BF)
2. Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis by Perviz Moin, 2nd Edition Publisher:
Cambridge University Press, 2010. (PM)
Reference Books:
1. Numerical Methods for Engineers by Steven C Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 6th Edition
Publisher: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
2. Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Method by G. D. Smith,
3rd Edition Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA, 1986.
3. The Numerical Solution of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations by Granville Sewell, 2nd
Edition Publisher: Wiley-Interscience, 2005.
4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis Using MATLAB by Rizwan Butt, First Edition
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2009.
70
Week-wise Break-Up (three hours in a week)

number
1 5.1 (BF) The Elementary Theory of Initial Value Problems: Introduction of IVP
5.2 (BF) Euler’s Method: Euler’s Method, Error Bounds for Euler’s Method
2 5.3 (BF) Higher Order Taylor Methods: Higher Order Taylor Methods, Taylor Method of Order
5.4 (BF) n, Runge-Kutta Methods: Runge-Kutta Methods of Order Two
3 5.4 (BF) Runge-Kutta Methods: Midpoint Method, Modified Euler Method,
Higher Order Runge-Kutta Methods, Runge-Kutta Order Four, Computational
Comparison
4 5.6 (BF) Multistep Methods: Multistep Methods, Adams-Bashforth Explicit Methods: Two,
Three, Four and Five Step Methods , Adams-Moulton Implicit Methods: Two, Three and
Four Step Methods, Predictor Corrector Methods
5 5.8 (BF) Extrapolation Methods: Extrapolation Methods
5.9 (BF) Higher Order Equations and Systems of Differential Equations: Higher Order Equations
And Systems of Differential Equations, Higher Order Differential Equations
6 5.1(BF) Stiff Differential Equations: Stiff Differential Equations
8 4.2-4.4 (PM) Stability Analysis for ODE: Stability Analysis for ODE
5.10 (BF) Stability: Stability, One-Step Methods, Multistep Methods
9 11.1 (BF) The Linear Shooting Method: The Linear Shooting Method, Linear Boundary
Value Problem, Reducing Round-Off Error
11.2 (BF) The Shooting Method for Nonlinear Problems: Newton Iteration, Nonlinear Shooting
with Newton’s Method
10 9.1 (BF) Linear Algebra and Eigenvalues: Gerschgorin Circle
9.3 (BF) The Power Method: The Power Method, Accelerating Convergence, Symmetric Matrices
11 9.3 (BF) The Power Method: Inverse Power Method, Deflation Methods
12 12.1 (BF) Introduction to Partial Differential Equation
Elliptic Partial Differential Equations: Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, Selecting a
Grid, Finite Difference Method, Example 1: Laplace Equation, Example 2: Poisson
Equation
14 12.2 (BF) Parabolic Partial Differential Equations: Forward Difference Method, Example 1: Heat
Equation, Stability Considerations, Backward Difference Method, Example 2: Heat
Equation with Backward Difference Method, Crank-Nicolson Method
15 5.7 (PM) Multi-Dimensions: Heat Equation in Two Dimension
16 12.3 (BF) Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations: Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations,
Improving the Initial Approximation. Example 1: Wave Equation
12.4 (BF) An Inroduction to the Finite Element Method: An Introduction to the Finite Element
Method, Defining the Elements, Triangulating the Region
17 5.2 (PM) von Neumann Stability Analysis

71
MATH-434 Numerical Linear Algebra

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-321 Linear Algebra
Course Objectives: Numerical linear algebra is of great practical importance in scientific computation
and is used in mathematics, natural sciences, computer science and social science. Even nonlinear
problems usually involve linear algebra in their solution. The focus of the course is to explore
applications in industry including direct implications for internet applications.
Core Contents: Review of matrix operations, QR factorization and least squares, conditioning and
stability, numerical solutions of systems of linear equations including direct methods, error analysis,
structured matrices, iterative methods, least squares and algorithms for eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Detailed Contents:
• Matrix computations: Matrix-vector multiplication, Orthogonal vectors and matrices, Norms,
Singular value decomposition (SVD).
• QR Factorization and Least Squares: Projectors, QR factorization, Gram-Schmidt
Orthogonalization, MATLAB, Householder triangularization, Least square problems.
• Conditioning and stability: Conditioning and condition numbers, Floating point arithmetic,
Stability, Stability of householder triangularization, Stability of back substitution, Conditioning of
least squares problems, Stability of least squares algorithm.
• System of Equations: Gaussian Elimination, Pivoting, Stability of Gaussian Elimination, Cholesky
Factorization.
• Eigenvalues: Eigenvalue problems, Overview of eigenvalue algorithms, Reduction to Hessenberg
or tridiagonal form, Rayleigh quotient, Inverse iteration, QR algorithms without shifts, QR
algorithms with shifts, Computing the SVD.
• Iterative methods: Overview of iterative methods, The Arnoldi iteration, The Lancoz iteration,
Gauss quadrature, Conjugate gradients, Bi-orthogonalization methods, Preconditioning.
Course Outcomes:
By the completion of this course the students would be able to:
• Use numerical linear algebra as building bricks in computation.
• Use computer algorithms, programs and software packages to compute solutions to current
problems.
• Critically analyze and give advice regarding different choices of models, algorithms, and
software with respect to efficiency and reliability.
• Critically analyze the accuracy of the obtained numerical result and to present it in a visualized
way.
Recommended Book: L. N. Trefethen and D. Bau, Numerical Linear Algebra, 1st Edition, Philadelphia,
PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1997. ISBN: 9780898713619.
Reference Books:
1. Bai et al., Templates for the Solution of Algebraic Eigenvalue Problems: A Practical
Guide (Software, Environments and Tools), 1st Edition, Philadelphia, PA: Society for
Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2000. ISBN: 9780898714715.
2. Barret et al., Templates for the Solution of Linear Systems: Building Blocks for Iterative
Methods (Miscellaneous Titles in Applied Mathematics Series No 43), 1st Edition,
Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1993. ISBN:
9780898713282.
72

(This breakdown based on L. N. Trefethen and D. Bau, Numerical Linear Algebra, 1st Edition)
1 1.1, 1.2 Matrix-vector multiplication, Orthogonal vectors and matrices
2 1.3, 1.4 Norms, Singular value decomposition (SVD)
3 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 Projectors, QR factorization, MATLAB
4 2.4, 2.5 Householder triangularization, Least square problems.
5 3.1, 3.2 Conditioning and condition numbers, Floating point arithmetic
6 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 Stability, Stability of householder triangularization, Stability of back
substitution
8 3.6, 3.7 Conditioning of least squares problems, Stability of least squares algorithm
9 4.1, 4.2 Gaussian Elimination, Pivoting
10 4.3, 4.4 Stability of Gaussian Elimination, Cholesky Factorization,
11 5.1, 5.2 Eigenvalue problems, Overview of eigenvalue algorithms
12 5.3, 5.4 Reduction to Hessenberg or tridiagonal form, Rayleigh quotient
14 5.5, 5.6, 5.7 Inverse iteration, QR algorithms without shifts, QR algorithms with shifts
15 5.8, 6.1, 6.2 Computing the SVD, Overview of iterative methods, The Arnoldi iteration
16 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 The Lancoz iteration, Gauss quadrature, Conjugate gradients
17 6.6, 6.7 Bi-orthogonalization methods, Preconditioning.
73
MATH-452 Ordinary Differential Equations-II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites MTH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I
Course Objectives: The course aims at to provide an understanding of ordinary differential equations
and difference equations, and to introduce methods for solving them. The course is also expected to
provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for understanding of other subjects of both
mathematics and other disciplines in which differential equations are involved
Core Contents: Series Solutions, Boundary Value Problems, Nonlinear Differential Equations and
Systems, Difference Equations
Detailed Contents
Series Solutions
• Review of Power Series
• Ordinary Points and Singular Points
• Power-Series Solutions about an Ordinary Point
• Series Solutions about a Regular Singular Point
• Applications
Boundary Value Problems
• Boundary Value Problems
• Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions
Nonlinear Differential Equations and Systems
• Existence and Uniqueness Theorems
• Solutions and Trajectories of Autonomous Systems
• Stability of Critical Points of Autonomous Systems
• Phase Portraits of Autonomous Systems
• Applications
Difference Equations
• Introduction and Definitions
• Existence and Uniqueness of
• Linear Independence and the General Solution
• Homogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients
• Nonhomogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients
• Undetermined Coefficients
• Variation of Parameters
• Applications
• Solve ordinary differential equations using the Laplace transform.
• Understand the power series method and implement it for solving ordinary differential equations.
• Solve difference equations with constant and variable coefficients.
Recommended Book: N. Finizio and G. Ladas, An Introduction to Differential Equations,
Wadsworth Publishing Company Belmont, California, 1982
Reference Books:
1. Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen: Differential equations with boundary value problems, (7rd
Edition), 2009, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Canada.
2. A.C. King, J. Billingham and S.R. Otto, Differential Equations: Linear, Nonlinear, Ordinary,
Partial, Cambridge University Press, 2003
3. William E. Boyce and Richard C. DiPrima: Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary
Value Problems (9th Edition),2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
74

Text Book: N. Finizio and G. Ladas, An Introduction to Differential Equations
Wadsworth Publishing Company Belmont, California, 1982
numbers
1 5.1, 5.2 Introduction, Review of Power Series, interval of convergence, change of
index
2 5.3,5.4 Ordinary Points and Singular Points, Power-Series Solutions about an
Ordinary Point
3 5.4.1 Applications : Legendre’s Equation Airy’s Equation, Chebyshev's Equation,
Hermite's equation
4 5.5 Series Solutions about a Regular Singular Point
5 5.5.1 Applications : Bessel's equation, Laguerre's equation.
6 6.1, 6.2 Introduction and Solution of Boundary Value Problems, Applications:
Deflection of string, Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions
8 8.1, 8.2 Existence and Uniqueness Theorems
9 8.3 Solutions and Trajectories of Autonomous Systems
10 8.4 Stability of Critical Points of Autonomous Systems
11 8.5 Phase Portraits of Autonomous Systems
12 8.6 Applications
14 9.1, 9.2 Difference Equations: Introduction and Definitions, Existence and
Uniqueness of Solutions
15 9.3,9.4 Linear Independence and the General Solution
Homogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients
16 9.5,9.5.1 Nonhomogeneous Equations with Constant Coefficients,
Undetermined Coefficients
17 9.5.2,9.5.3 Variation of Parameters, Applications
75
MATH-456 Discrete Dynamical Systems

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: MTH-251 Differential Equations-I
Course Objectives: The field of dynamical systems and especially the study of chaotic systems is one of
the important breakthrough in science in this 20th century. The purpose of the course is to introduce the
ideas on discrete dynamical systems at the level of undergraduate students. The principal objectives of the
course are to elaborate the elements of discrete dynamical systems and to consider particular systems with
complex behavior.
Core Contents: Orbits, Graphical Analysis, Fixed and Periodic Points, Bifurcations, The Role of the
Critical Orbit, Fractals
Course Contents
• Orbits: Iteration, Orbits, Types of Orbits, The Doubling Function.
• Graphical Analysis: Orbit Analysis, The Phase Portrait.
• Fixed and Periodic Points: Attraction and Repulsion, Calculus of Fixed Points, Periodic Points,
Rates of Convergence.
• Bifurcations: Dynamics of the Quadratic Map, The Saddle-Node Bifurcation, The Period-
Doubling Bifurcation,The Transition to Chaos.
• Chaos: Properties of a Chaotic System Manifestations of Chaos, Feigenbaum's Constant.
• The Role of the Critical Orbit: The Schwarzian Derivative,The Critical Point and Basins of
Attraction, Newton's Method
• Fractals: The Cantor Set, The Sierpinski Triangle, The Koch Snowflake, Topological Dimension,
Fractal Dimension, Iterated Function Systems.
Course Outcomes: The students are expected to understand
• Mathematical aspects of theory of dynamical systems.
• the geometric aspects of discrete dynamical systems
• Bifurcations and chaos in discrete dynamical systems
• Fractals and fractal dimensions
Text Book: Robert L. Devaney, A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems, Perseus Books
Publishing, L.L.C., 1992.
Reference Books
1. Richard Holmgren, A First Course in Discrete Dynamical Systems, Springer, 1996
2. Mustafa R.S. Kulenovic, Orlando Merino, Discrete Dynamical Systems and Difference
Equations with Mathematica, Chapman & Hall, 2002.
3. Rex Clark Robinson, An Introduction to Dynamical Systems: Continuous and Discrete,
American Mathematical Socity, 2012
76
Week-wise Breakup (three hours in a week)

Text Book: Robert L. Devaney, A First Course in Chaotic Dynamical Systems, Perseus Books
Publishing, L.L.C., 1992.
1 2.1, 2.4 Examples of Dynamical Systems from Finance, Ecology, Finding Roots and
Solving Equations (Review)
2 3.1, 3.2 Iteration, Orbits
3 3.3, 3.5 Types of Orbits, The Doubling Function
4 4.1,4.2 Graphical Analysis, Orbit Analysis
5 4.3, 5.1,5.2 The Phase Portrait, Fixed and Periodic Points, A Fixed Point Theorem,
Attraction and Repulsion
6 5.3,5.4,5.5, 5.6 Calculus of Fixed Points, Periodic Points, Rate of convergence
8 6.1-6.4 Bifurcations, Dynamics of the Quadratic Map, The Saddle-Node Bifurcation,
The Period-Doubling Bifurcation
9 7.1-7.3 The Quadratic Family, The Cantor Middle-Thirds Set
10 8.1,8.2 The Orbit Diagram, The Period-Doubling Route to Chaos
11 10.1-10.3 Three Properties of a Chaotic System, Other Chaotic Systems, Manifestations
of Chaos
12 12.1, 12.2 The Schwarzian Derivative, The Critical Point and Basins of Attraction
14 13.1,13.2, 14.1 Newton's Method, Basic Properties , Convergence1 and Nonconvergence,
Fractals, Chaos Game.
15 14.2,14.3 The Cantor Set Revisited. The Sierpinski Triangle
16 14.4-14.6 The Koch Snowflake, Topological Dimension, Fractal Dimension.
17 14.6 Iterated Function Systems
77
MATH-463 Stochastic Processes
Credit Hours: 3-0

Pre-requisites: MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I
Course Objectives: This course is intended as an introduction to stochastic processes. The course will
introduce the students to a broad range of stochastic processes that underlay models in fields such as
engineering, computer science, management science, the physical and social sciences, and operations
research. The focus of this course will be discrete time Markov chains, continuous Markov processes, and
Stationary processes, Renewals, Brownian motion and Diffusion Processes
Core Contents: Markov Chains, Continuous-Time Markov Chains, Random processes, Stationary
processes, Renewals, Brownian motion and Diffusion Processes
Detailed Course Contents
Markov chains: Markov processes, Classification of states, Classification of chains, Stationary
distributions and the limit theorem, Reversibility, Chains with finitely many states, Branching processes
revisited, Birth processes and the Poisson process, Continuous-time Markov chains, Uniform semigroups,
Birth-death processes and imbedding, Special processes, Spatial Poisson processes, Markov chain Monte
Carlo.
Random processes: Stationary processes, Renewal processes, Queues, The Wiener process, Existence of
processes.
Stationary processes: Linear prediction, Autoco variances and spectra, Stochastic integration and the
spectral representation, The ergodic theorem, Gaussian processes.
Renewals: The renewal equation, Limit theorems, Excess life, Applications, Renewal-reward processes.
Diffusion processes: Introduction, Brownian motion, Diffusion processes, First passage times, Barriers,
Excursions and the Brownian bridge, Stochastic calculus, The Ito integral, Ito's formula, Option pricing,
Passage probabilities and potentials.
Learning Outcomes: The students are expected to understand
• mathematical aspects of theory of Stochastic Processes
• discrete and Continuous-Time Markov Chains
• Random Processes and Stationary Processes
• Renewals and Diffusion processes.
Text Book: Geoffrey Grimmett and David Stirzaker, Probability and Random Process, Oxford University
Press, 2001.
Recommended Books
1) Sheldon M. Ross, Introduction to Probability Models (9th Edition) Elsevier 2007.
2) Mark Pinsky, Samuel Karlin, An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling, Elsevier 2007.
3) Samuel Karlin and Howard M. Taylor, A First Course in Stochastic Processes , (2nd Edition),
Academic Press, 1975.
4) Cinlar, E., Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1975
5) Heyman D., and Sobel, M., Stochastic Models in Operations Research, (Vol. 1), McGraw-Hill, 1982
6) Wolff, R., Stochastic Modeling and the Theory of Queues, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989
78
Week wise Breakup

Text Book: Sheldon M Geoffrey Grimmett and David Stirzaker, Probability and Random Process,
Oxford University Press, 2001.
1 6.1-6.4 Classification of states, Classification of chains, Stationary distributions and the
limit theorem.
2 6.5-6.7 Reversibility, Chains with finitely many states, Branching processes revisited,
3 6.8-6.10 Birth processes and the Poisson process, Continuous-time Markov chains,
Uniform semigroups.
4 6.11, 6.12 Birth-death processes and imbedding,
5 6.13, 6.14 Special processes, Spatial Poisson processes, Markov chain Monte Carlo
6 8.1-8.3 Introduction to random processes, Stationary processes, Renewal processes.
8 8.4-8.6 Queues, The Wiener process, Existence of processes.
9 9.1-9.3 Introduction to Stationary processes, Linear prediction, Autoco variances and
spectra.
10 9.4-9.6 Stochastic integration and the spectral representation, The ergodic theorem,
Gaussian processes.
11 10.1-10.3 The renewal equation, Limit theorems, Excess life.
12 10.4, 10.5 Applications, Renewal-reward processes.
14 13.1-13.3 Introduction to diffusion processes, Brownian motion, Diffusion processes,
15 13.4-13.6 First passage times, Barriers, Excursions and the Brownian bridge,.
16 13.7-13.9 Stochastic calculus, The Ito integral, Ito's formula.
17 13.10-13.11 Option pricing, Passage probabilities and potentials.
79
MATH-471 Cryptography
Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory
Course Objectives: Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in
the presence of third parties. The focus of the course is about constructing and analyzing protocols that
overcome the influence of adversaries and which are related to various aspects in information
security such as data confidentiality, data integrity and authentication. The main focus of the course is on
study of cryptosystems, Public Key Cryptography (PKC), to understand the security of information theory
and how to construct computationally secure cryptosystems. The specific objectives include study of
cryptosystems, classic ciphers and their analysis, Shanon’s Information theory, Public Key Cryptography,
RSA Algorithm and basic of coding theory.
Core Contents: Classic Ciphers and their analysis, Shanon’s Information theory, Public Key
Cryptography (PKC), Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), RSA Algorithm, Codes and cryptosystems
Detailed Contents:
• Classical Ciphers and their analysis: Suit-case problem, Introduction to Cryptography and its
applications, Advanced Topics in Number Theory (Solution of system of congruencies, Modular
Arithmetic), classical ciphers and their deciphering
• Shanon’s Information theory: Shanon’s theorem, Entropy, Redundancy and Unicity Distance,
Mutual Information and Unconditionally Secure Systems
• Public Key Cryptography(PKC): The Theoretical Model, Motivation and Set-up, Confidentiality,
Digital Signature, Confidentiality and Digital Signature
• Discrete Logarithm Based Systems: The Discrete Logarithm System, The Discrete Logarithm
Problem(DLP), ElGamal's Public-Key Cryptosystems, ElGamal's Signature Scheme, How to Take
Discrete Logarithms, Digital signature verification schemes
• RSA: The RSA System, Setting Up the System, RSA for Privacy, RSA for Signatures
• Coding Theory Based Systems: Introduction to coding theory, Repetition code and examples,
decoding, Error-detection codes and Error-correcting codes, Setting Up the System, Encryption and
Decryption
Course Outcomes:
• To understand the concept and importance of Information security and its applications in
computer security and Financial Markets.
• Student’s must understand and be able to understand the classical ciphers and their cracking by
using elementary number theory, basic probability theory and frequency of English alphabets.
• To understand the Shanon’s Information theory and how it is not feasible to construct perfectly
secure cryptosystems.
• To understand the DLP, RSA and Digital signature verification schemes, and their applications in
e-banking and computer security.
• Understand the difference between coding theory and cryptography, basic of coding theory and
coding theory based cryptosystems
Recommended Book: Henk C.A. van Tilborg, Fundamentals of Cryptology, Springer; 2000.
Reference Books:
1. J. Katz, Y. Lindell, Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2007.
2. A. J. Menezes, P. C. van Oorschot, S. A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC
Press; 1st edition, 1996.
3. S. Ling, C. Xing, Coding theory: A First Course, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
80
Week-wise break-up (three hours in a week)
(This breakdown based on Henk C.A. van Tilborg, Fundamentals of Cryptology,

Springer; 2000)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 1.1 ~ 1.3 Introduction & Terminology, Shanon's description of a conventional cryptosystem,
Statistical description of a Plaintext source
2 2.1 Caesar, Simple Substitution, Vigenère Caesar Cipher, Cryptoanalysis of Ceaser
ciphers
3 2.2 Vernam, Playfair, Transpositions, Hagelin, Enigma, One Time Pad
4 5.1 Shanon's Information Theory (Shanon's Theorem, Entropy, Redundancy, and
Unicity Distance)
5 5.2 Mutual Information and Unconditionally Secure Systems
6 5.3 Problems on Entropy, Redundancy, Unicity Distance , Mutual Information and
Unconditionally Secure Systems
8 7.1 Public-Key Cryptography (The Theoretical Model)
9 7.1 Motivation and Set-up, Confidentiality
10 7.1 Digital Signature, Confidentiality and Digital Signature
11 7.2 Problems on Public-Key Cryptography
12 8.1~ 8.2 The Discrete Logarithm Problem, ElGamal's Public-Key Cryptosystems
14 8.3 How to Take Discrete Logarithms
15 9.1 The RSA System, RSA for Privacy, RSA for Signatures
16 11.1 Coding Theory Based Systems
17 11.1 Setting Up the System, Encryption and Decryption
81
MATH-475 Game Theory
Credit Hours: 3-0

Course Objectives: Game Theory is the study of mathematical models of conflict and
cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. The main objective of this course is
understand the combinatorial games, cooperative and non-cooperative games, and Nash
equilibrium.
Core Contents:
Combinatorial Games, Two-person Zero-Sum Games, Two-Person General-Sum Games, Games
in Coalitional Form,
Detailed Contents:
Combinatorial Games: Take-Away Games, The Game of Nim, Graph Games, Sums of Games.
Two-person Zero-Sum Games: The Strategic Form of a Game, Matrix Games, Domination,
The Principle of Indifference, Solving Finite Games, The Extensive Form of a Game
Two-Person General-Sum Games: Bimatrix Games, Nash Equilibrium, The Noncooperative
Theory, Safety Levels, Models of Duopoly, Cooperative Games.
Games in Coalitional Form: Many-Person TU Games, Imputations and the Core, The Shapley
Value, The Nucleolus.
Course Outcomes: The successful completion of this course will give a foundation to students
in both mathematics and economics and will offer the students both the intellectual and the
quantitative skills to grapple with questions at the interface of these two disciplines.
Recommended Books:
1. Martin J. Osborne, An Introduction to Game Theory, Oxford University Press; Int edition
(January 28, 2009)
2. Julio González-Díaz, Ignacio García-Jurado, M. Gloria Fiestras-Janeiro An Introductory Course
on Mathematical Game Theory, 2010.
82
MATH-482 Differential Geometry-II

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: MATH-381Differential Geometry-I
Course Objectives: After having completed this course, the students would be expected to understand
basic concepts of manifolds; they will be familiar with tensors of different ranks, tensor algebra and
calculus; they will know the curvature tensor and its properties, geodesics Lie and parallel transport; they
would have understood the Killing equations and be able to calculate Killing vectors.
Core Contents: Manifolds, differentiation on manifolds, surfaces of constant curvature, tensor algebra.
Detailed Contents:
• Manifolds: Definition and examples of manifolds, differential manifold, mappings of surface, the
Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, differentiation on Riemannian manifolds, Geodesic curvature and
geodesic lines, surfaces of constant Gaussian curvature, normal curvature mean curvature,
umbilic points, principal directions and principal curvatures, lines of curvature, tangent vector
field.
• Tensors: Tensors and algebra of tensors, integral curves, flows, Lie derivatives, brackets,
covariant differentiation of tensor fields, curvature and torsion tensors, differential forms.
Course Outcomes:
• Students have good concepts of manifold theory.
• Students are familiar with tensor algebra.
• Students are able to understand the Killing equations and fields, geodesics.
Recommended Text Book: Abraham Goetz “Introduction to Differential Geometry (Second
Edition ” 2nd Ed. 1970. Addison Wesley.
Reference Book: R.S. Millmann and G. D. Parker “Elements of Differential Geometry”, 1st Ed.
1970, Prentice-Hall, New Jersy.
83

(This breakdown based on Abraham Goetz “Introduction to Differential Geometry”, 2nd Ed. 1970.
Addison Wesley)
Week Book Topics
numb Section
er
1 11.4-11.5 Differential manifolds, mappings of differential manifolds; immersions and imbedding
2 19.1-19.7 Tensor and Tensor Algebra: Geometric objects, tensors in the n-dimensional vector space,
tensors as multilinear functions, tensors in Euclidean space, Operations on tensors, tensor fields
on surfaces, tensor fields on differential manifolds
3 20.1-20.5 Mapping on Surfaces: Generalities, isometric mappings, the isometry of a developing surface
with the plane, conformal or isogonal mapping, Isoareal mappings
4 21.1-21.5 Geodesic Curvature and Geodesic Lines: The intrinsic geometry of a surface, the curvature of a
curve on the surface, the geodesic curvature, geodesic lines, semigeodesic coordinates,
5 21.6-21.7, the minimal property of geodesic lines, geodesic torsion
22.1-22.2 Surfaces of Constant Gaussian Curvature: General theorems, surfaces of revolution of constant
curvature
6 23.1-23.5 The Gauss-Bonnet theorem: Developing of a curve from the surface on the plane, the absolute
differential of a vector field on a surface, the parallel transport in the sense of Levi-Cevita,
parallel transport and the geodesic curvature
8 23.6-23.9 the parallel transport along a closed contour, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the generalized Gauss-
Bonnet formula, the internal curvature, the Euler-Poincare characteristic
9 24.1-24.3 Absolute Differentiation in Riemannian Manifolds: The absolute differential of a vector field
and a tensor field, the Riemann-Christoffel tensor, parallel displacement and geodesic lines
10 25.1-25.5 Normal Curvature, Mean Curvature, Umbilic Points: The normal curvature of the surface,
Meusnier’s theorem, the spherical; image of a tangent vector to the surface, the spherical
mapping and Gaussian curvature, the mean curvature of a surface
11 25.6-25.8 the relation between the curvatures H and K, umbilic points, minimal surfaces
12 27.1-27.5 Principal Directions and Principal Curvatures: Principal directions, principal curvatures,
orthogonality of principal directions, Euler’s theorem, external properties of principal curvatures
14 30.1-30.7 Invariant Notation: Introduction, tangent vectors as derivations, tangent vector fields, the
bracket of two vector, fields, the scalar product of tangent vectors, the absolute derivative,
application to the intrinsic geometry of surfaces
15 30.8-30.14 Extension of mappings to vector fields, the curvature operator, the curvature operator and the
Gaussian curvature, the second fundamental form, generalization to the Riemannian manifolds,
absolute differentiation of tensors, immersion of manifolds in a Riemannian manifold
16 31.1-31.6 Exterior Differential Forms: Linear differential forms on a surface, linear differential forms in
higher dimensions, mappings and differential forms, quadratic exterior differential forms and
exterior product of linear forms, Carton’s lemma, exterior differential forms of arbitrary degree
17 31.7-31.13 exterior differential forms of higher degree, the fields of local frames on a surface, local frames
with two vectors tangent to the surface and the third normal, orthonormal frames and the
principal directions, relation to the fundamental forms.
84
MATH-483 Spherical Trigonometry

Credit Hours: 3-0
Course Objectives: To develop the concepts of spherical triangles and their solution.
Core Contents: Spherical triangles, connection between sides and angles, inversions in space and
applications.
Detailed Contents:
• Spherical Triangles: Spherical triangles, purpose and comparison of spherical trigonometry with
plan trigonometry, formulae of spherical trigonometry, connection between sides and angles ,
right-angled, quadrantal, oblique-angled spherical triangles, type of calculation, solution of
triangles
• Inversions: Inversions in space and stereographic projection.
• Application: Geodesy, astronomy.
Course Outcomes:
• After the completion of this course students will be able to understand difference of plane and
spherical trigonometry.
• Students will be aware of relations between sides and angles of spherical triangles.
• Students will be able to find the solutions of different spherical triangles.
List of practical: (Not Applicable)
Recommended Book
• John Casey “A Treatise on Spherical Trigonometry and its Application on Geodesy and
Astronomy” Published by Forgotten Books 2013 (Originally published 1889).
Reference Books
1. J. D. H. Donnay “Spherical Trigonometry”, Published by Read Books, 2007.
2. I. Todhunter “Spherical Trigonometry”, 5th Edition, eBooks 2006 (Originally published
1886).
85
(This breakdown based on John Casey “A Treatise on spherical Trigonometry and its Application on
Geodesy and Astronomy” Published by Forgotten Books 2013 (Originally published 1889).)
Week Books Ref. Topics

1 Ch. I Spherical Geometry: Preliminary propositions and Definitions Page (1-8)
Section I
2 Section II Spherical Triangles (Page 9-18)
3 Ch. II Formulae Connecting the sides and angles of Spherical triangles: Three classes of
Section I formulae: First class (Page 19-32)
4 Section II First class continued (Page 32-38)
5 Section III-IV Solution of Spherical Triangles: Second and third class (Page 39-47)
6 Ch. III The right-angled triangle (Page 48-54)
Section I
8 Section II Oblique- angled triangles (Page 55-61)
9 Chapter IV Various Applications: Theory of transversals (Page 67-75)
Section I
10 Section II-III Incircles, circumcircles (Page 75-84)
11 Chapter V Spherical Excess: Formulae relative to E and Lexell’s theorem.
Section I-II
12 Chapter VI Small Circles on the sphere: Coaxal circles and centers of similarities (Page 99-105)
Section I-II
14 Section III-IV Poles and polars, Mutual power of two circles (Page 106-117)
15 Chapter VII Inversions: Inversion in space and stereographic projection (Page 119-126)
Section I-II
16 Chapter IX Applications of Spherical Trigonometry: Geodesy (Page 143-148)
Section I
17 Section II Astronomy (Page 149-156)
86
MATH-491 Fluid Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3-0

Pre-requisite: MATH-112: Calculus-II
Course Objectives: Fluid mechanics deals with the fluids in a static or in a dynamic state. Most of the
phenomena occurring in human lives are mostly fall in this subject. Either we study the flow of air around
an aeroplane or study the air flow around a vehicle on the road we must understand the laws of fluid
mechanics. The key topics in this subject includes real and ideal fluids, steady and unsteady flows,
velocity potential, Bernoulli’s equations, incompressible fluid, streamlines, streaklines and pathlines,
Reynold transport theorem, Navier-Stokes equations, potential flows, boundary layer equations, vorticity
and rotation, viscous stresses and rotation, dimensional analysis.
Core Contents: Introduction, Pressure Distribution in a Fluid, Integral Relations for a Control Volume,
Differential Relations for a Fluid Particle, Dimensional Analysis and Similarit
Detailed Contents:
Preliminary Remarks: Introduction
The Concept of a Fluid: The Concept of a Fluid
The Fluid as a Continuum: The Fluid as a Continuum
Dimension and Units: Primary Dimension, Consistent Units
Properties of the Velocity Field: Eulerian and Lagrangian Description,The Velocity Field
Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid: Pressure, Temperature, Density, Specific Weight, Specific
Gravity, Potential and Kinetic Energies, State Relations for Gases, State Relations for Liquids
Viscosity and Other Secondary Properties: Viscosity, The Reynolds Number, Flow Between Plates,
Variation of Viscosity with Temperature, Thermal Conductivity, Non-Newtonian Fluids, Vapor Pressure,
No Slip and No Temperature Jump Conditions, Speed of Sound
Basic Flow Analysis Techniques: Basic Flows Analysis Technique
Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines and Pathlines: Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines and
Pathlines
Pressure and Pressure Gradient: Pressure Force on a Fluid Element
Equilibrium of a Fluid Element: Equilibrium of a Fliud Element, Gage Pressure and Vacuum Pressure:
Relative Terms
Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution: Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution, Hydrostatic Pressure in Liquid,
Hydrostatic Pressure in Gases
Pressure Measurement: Pressure Measurement
Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics: Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics, System versus
Control Volume, Volume and Mass Rate of Flow
The Reynolds Transport Theorem: The Reynolds Transport Theorem, One Dimensional Fixed Control
Volume, Arbitrary Fixed Control Volume
Conservation of Mass: Conservation of Mass, Incompressible Flow
The Linear Momentum Equation: The Linear Momentum Equation, One Dimensional Momentum
Flux, Net Pressure on a Closed Control Surface
The Angular Momentum Theorem: The Angular Momentum Theorem
The Energy Equation: The Energy Equation, One Dimensional Energy Flux Term, The Steady Flow
Energy Equation,
Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation: Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation, Relation
Between the Bernoulli and Steady Flow Energy Equations
The Acceleration Field of a Fluid: The Acceleration Field of a Fluid
The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation: The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation,
Cylindrical Polar Coordinates, Steady Compressible Flow, Incompressible Flow
The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum: The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum,
Inviscid Flow: Euler Equation, Newtonian Fluid: Navier-Stokes Equation
87
The Differential Equation of Energy: The Differential Equation of Energy

Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equations: Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equation,
Simplified Free Surface Conditions, Incompressible Flow with Constant Properties, Inviscid Flow,
Approximation.
The Stream Function: The Stream Function, Geometric Interpretation of 𝜓𝜓, Steady Plane Compressible
Flows, Incompressible Plane Flow in Polar Coordinates, Incompressible Axisymmetric Flows
Vorticity and Irrotationality: Vorticity and Irrotationality
Frictionless Irrotational Flows: Frictionless Irrotational Flows, Velocity Potential, Orthogonality of
Streamlines and Potential Lines, Generation of Rotationality
Some Illustrative Plane Potential Flows: Uniform Stream in the 𝑥𝑥-Direction , Line Source or Sink at the
Origin, Line Irrotational Vortex, Superposition: Source Plus an Equal Sink
Some Illustrative Incompressible Viscous Flows: Couette Flow between a Fixed and a Moving Plate,
Flow Due to Pressure Gradient between Two Fixed Plates
Inroduction: Introduction
The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity: The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity, Ambiguity:
The Choice of Variables and Scaling Parameters, Some Peculiar Engineering Equation
Learning Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
• understand the governing laws for fluid flows which will be helpful in understanding physical
phenomena.
• model and solve the fluid flow problems.
• differentiate between different types of flows e.g. steady or unsteady flows etc.
Recommended Book: Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher
Education , 1998 (FW)
Recommended Books
1. Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications by Yunus A Çengel and John M Cimbala, 3rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 2013.
2. Fluid Mechanics by Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen and David. R. Dowling, 5th Edition,
Academic Press , 2011.
88
Week-wise break-up (three hours in a week)

Week Book Contents
number Sections
1 1.1-1.3 Preliminary Remarks: Introduction
The Concept of a Fluid: The Concept of a Fluid
The Fluid as a Continuum: The Fluid as a Continuum
2 1.4-1.6 Dimension and Units: Primary Dimension, Consistent Units
Properties of the Velocity Field: Eulerian and Lagrangian Description,The Velocity
Field
Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid: Pressure, Temperature, Density, Specific
Weight, Specific Gravity, Potential and Kinetic Energies, State Relations for Gases, State
Relations for Liquids
3 1.7 Viscosity and Other Secondary Properties: Viscosity, The Reynolds Number, Flow
Between Plates, Variation of
Viscosity with Temperature, Thermal Conductivity, Non-Newtonian Fluids, Vapor
Pressure, No Slip and No Temperature Jump Conditions, Speed of Sound
4 1.8-1.9 Basic Flow Analysis Techniques: Basic Flows Analysis Technique
Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines and Pathlines: Flow Patterns: Streamlines,
Streaklines and Pathlines
5 2.1-2.2 Pressure and Pressure Gradient: Pressure Force on a Fluid Element
Equilibrium of a Fluid Element: Equilibrium of a Fliud Element, Gage Pressure and
Vacuum Pressure: Relative Terms
7 2.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution: Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution, Hydrostatic
Pressure in Liquid, Hydrostatic Pressure in Gases
2.10 Pressure Measurement: Pressure Measurement
8 3.1 Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics: Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics,
System versus Control Volume,
Volume and Mass Rate of Flow
9 3.2-3.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem: The Reynolds Transport Theorem, One
Dimensional Fixed Control Volume, Arbitrary Fixed Control Volume
Conservation of Mass: Conservation of Mass, Incompressible Flow
The Linear Momentum Equation: The Linear Momentum Equation, One Dimensional
Momentum Flux, Net Pressure
on a Closed Control Surface
10 3.5-3.7 The Angular Momentum Theorem: The Angular Momentum Theorem
The Energy Equation: The Energy Equation, One Dimensional Energy Flux Term, The
Steady Flow Energy Equation, Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation: Frictionless
Flow: The Bernoulli Equation, Relation Between the Bernoulli and Steady Flow Energy
Equations
11 4.1-4.3 The Acceleration Field of a Fluid: The Acceleration Field of a Fluid
The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation: The Differential Equation of Mass
Conservation, Cylindrical Polar Coordinates, Steady Compressible Flow, Incompressible
Flow
The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum: The Differential Equation of Linear
Momentum, Inviscid Flow: Euler Equation, Newtonian Fluid: Navier-Stokes Equation
89
13 4.5 The Differential Equation of Energy: The Differential Equation of Energy

4.6 Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equations: Boundary Conditions for the Basic
Equation, Simplified Free Surface Conditions, Incompressible Flow with Constant
Properties, Inviscid Flow Approximation
14 4.7-4.9 The Stream Function: The Stream Function, Geometric Interpretation of 𝜓𝜓, Steady
Plane Compressible Flows, Incompressible Plane Flow in Polar Coordinates,
Incompressible Axisymmetric Flows
Vorticity and Irrotationality: Vorticity and Irrotationality
Frictionless Irrotational Flows: Frictionless Irrotational Flows, Velocity Potential,
Orthogonality of Streamlines and Potential Lines, Generation of Rotationality
15 4.10 Some Illustrative Plane Potential Flows: Uniform Stream in the 𝑥𝑥-Direction , Line
Source or Sink at the Origin, Line Irrotational Vortex, Superposition: Source Plus an
Equal Sink
16 4.11 Some Illustrative Incompressible Viscous Flows: Couette Flow between a Fixed and
a Moving Plate, Flow Due to Pressure Gradient between Two Fixed Plates
17 5.1-5.2 Inroduction: Introduction
The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity: The Principle of Dimensional
Homogeneity, Ambiguity: The Choice of Variables and Scaling Parameters, Some
Peculiar Engineering Equation
90
MATH-492 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: MATH-491 Fluid Mechanics
Course Objectives: This course provides an in depth introduction to the method and analysis techniques
used in computational solutions of fluid mechanics problems. Modeled problems are used to study the
interaction of physical processes and numerical techniques. Contemporary methods for boundary layers,
incompressible viscous flows and inviscid compressible flows are studied. Finite difference and finite
volume techniques are emphasized.
Core Contents: Discretization methods; Numerical methods for some modeled equations;
Approximations to the governing equations in fluid dynamics; Numerical methods for inviscid and
viscous flow problems; Numerical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Detailed Contents:
• Basics of Discretization Methods: Finite volume method, Introduction to the use of irregular
meshes, Stability considerations.
• Application of Numerical Methods to Selected Model Equations: Burgers equation (inviscid),
Burgers equation (viscous).
• Governing Equations of Fluid Mechanics: Averaged equations for turbulent flows, Boundary
layer equations, Introduction to turbulence modeling, Euler equation, Transformation of the
governing equations, Finite-volume formulation.
• Numerical Methods for Inviscid Flow Equations: Introduction to numerical methods for inviscid
flow equations, Method of characteristics, Classical shock capturing methods, Flux-splitting
schemes, Flux-difference splitting schemes, Multi-dimensional case in a general coordinate system,
Boundary conditions for the Euler equations, Methods for solving the potential equation, Transonic
small disturbance equations, Methods for solving Laplace equation.
• Numerical Methods for Boundary-Layer Type Equations: Introduction, Brief comparison of
prediction methods, Finite difference method for two-dimensional or axisymmetric external flows,
Inverse method, Separated flows and viscous-inviscid interactions, Methods for internal flows,
Application to free-shear flows, Three-dimensional boundary layers, Unsteady boundary layers.
• Numerical Methods for the Parabolized Navier-Stokes Equations: Introduction, Thin layer
Navier-Stokes equations, Parabolized Navier-Stokes equation, Parabolized and partial parabolized
Navier-Stokes procedures for subsonic flows, viscous shock layer equations, “Conical” Navier-
Stokes equations.
• Numerical Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations: Introduction, Compressible Navier-Stokes
equations, Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Course Outcomes:
• To develop an understanding for: the major approaches and methodologies used in CFD,
the interplay of physics and numeric, the methods and results of numerical analysis
• To gain experience in: the actual implementation of methods, the little stuff that is not
always clear from theory (e.g. boundary conditions, etc.)
• Increase skills in: implementing and using basic CFD methods, computer use and
programming.
Recommended Book: R. H. Pletcher, J. C. Tennehill and D. Andersson, Computational Fluid Mechanics
and Heat Transfer, 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis, ISBN-10: 1591690374
Reference Books:
1. S. Chapra and R. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher
Education, 2009, ISBN: 9780073401065.
2. J. Ferziger and M. Peric, Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. 3rd Edition. Springer, 2001,
ISBN: 9783540420743.
91
(This breakdown is based on R. H. Pletcher, J. C. Tennehill and D. Andersson, Computational Fluid

Mechanics and Heat Transfer, 3rd Edition)
Week Book Topics
number Section
1 3.5, 3.6, Finite volume method, Introduction to the use of irregular meshes, Stability
3.7 considerations.
2 4.4, 4.5 Burgers equation (inviscid), Burgers equation (viscous).
3 5.2, 5.3 Averaged equations for turbulent flows, boundary layer equations.
4 5.4, 5.5 Introduction to turbulence modeling, Euler equation.
5 5.6, 5.7 Transformation of governing equations, Finite-volume formulation.
6 6.1, 6.2, Introduction to numerical methods for inviscid flow equations, Method of
6.3 characteristics, Classical shock capturing methods.
8 6.4, 6.5, Flux-splitting schemes, Flux-difference splitting schemes, Multi-dimensional case in
6.6, 6.7 a general coordinate system, Boundary conditions for the Euler equations.
9 6.8, 6.9, Methods for solving the potential equation, Transonic small disturbance equations,
6.10 Methods for solving Laplace equation.
10 7.1, 7.2, Introduction to numerical methods for boundary layer type equations, Brief
7.3 comparison of prediction methods, Finite difference method for two-dimensional or
axisymmetric external flows.
11 7.4, 7.5 Inverse method, Separated flows and viscous-inviscid interactions, Methods for
internal flows.
12 7.6, 7.7, Application to free-shear flows, Three-dimensional boundary layers, Unsteady
7.8 boundary layers.
14 8.1, 8.2, Introduction to numerical methods for “parabolized” Navier-Stokes equation, Thin
8.3 layer Navier-Stokes equations, Parabolized Navier-Stokes equations.
15 8.4, 8.5 Parabolized and partial parabolized Navier-Stokes procedures for subsonic flows,
viscous shock layer equations, “Conical” Navier-Stokes equations.
16 9.1, 9.2 Introduction to Numerical methods for the Navier-Stokes equations, Compressible
Navier-Stokes equations.
17 9.3, 10.1 Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, Introduction to grid generation.
92
PHY-106 Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3-0

Pre-requisites: Intermediate level knowledge of Physics
Course Objectives:
This is a basic course in the first semester of 4 year BS program. The main objective of this course is to
understand motion of objects in various dimensions on a macroscopic scale and to develop simple
mathematical formalisms to analyze such motions.
Recommended Books:
Main Textbook: Fundamentals of Physics
Author: D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 9th ed., 2010
Referred as: HRW
Textbooks: Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Author: R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett
Publisher: Golden Sunburst Series, 8th ed., 2010
Referred as: SJ
Textbooks: University Physics with Modern Physics

Author: R. A. Freedman, H. D. Young, and A. L. Ford (Sears and Zeemansky)
Publisher: Addison-Wesley-Longman, 13th International ed., 2010
Referred as: FYF
Course Contents: Units of physical quantities (SI Units); Motion of objects in one, two and three
dimensions; Newton’s laws of motion; Gravitation; Kepler’s laws, Work done by
Constant and Variable Forces (conservative and non conservative); Power; Work
and Potential Energy; Isolated Systems and Conservation of Mechanical Energy;
Work done by External Forces and Conservation of Energy, Motion of a System
of Particles and Extended Rigid Bodies; Center of Mass and Newton’s Laws for
a System of Particles; Linear Momentum; Impulse; Momentum & Kinetic
Energy in One and Two Dimensional, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Rigid
bodies; conservation laws; Rotation about a Fixed Axis; Angular motion
(Displacement, Velocity and acceleration, work, power); Rotational Inertia;
Parallel-axis Theorem; Torque and Newton’s Law for Rotation; Rolling Motion;
Angular Momentum for a single Particle and a System of Particles and its
conservation; Static Equilibrium involving Forces and Torques; Rotational inertia
of various shapes i.e. for disc, bar and solid sphere; Elasticity; Stress; Strain and
Properties of Materials, Angular Velocity; Conservation of angular momentum;
effects of Torque and its relation with angular momentum, Amplitude; Phase;
Angular Frequency; Velocity and Acceleration in SHM; Linear and Angular
Simple Harmonic Oscillators; Energy in SHM; Simple Pendulum; Physical
Pendulum; SHM and Uniform Circular Motion. Static Fluids and Pressure;
Archimedes’ Principle; Fluid Dynamics; Equation of Continuity and Bernoulli’s
Principle
93
PTO
94
Week. Ch. Sect. Topics

1 HRW SI Units, physical quantities, vector and scalar, Multiplication of
1.3-1.7, vectors (Dot and cross product).
3.2-3.8
2 HRW Straight line motion, Position & Displacement, Velocity and
2.2-2.7, Acceleration, Motion under Constant Acceleration; one and two
2.9, 4.2-4.4 dimensional cases.
3 HRW Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Relative Velocity and

4.5-4.9, Acceleration in One and Two Dimensions, Inertial and Non-Inertial
5.3-5.9 Reference Frames, Newton’s Laws of Motion, applications of Newton’s
laws involving some Particular Forces including Weight, Normal Force,
Tension.
4 HRW Friction, Drag and Centripetal Force, energy, work done and kinetic
6.2-6.5, energy, gravitational and spring forces, power,
7.2-7.9
5 HRW Work and potential energy, conservative and non-conservative Forces,
8.2-8.8 path independence of conservative forces, reading a potential energy
curve, isolated Systems and Conservation of Mechanical Energy, work
done by external forces including Friction and conservation of Energy.
6 HRW Center of mass, Newton’s second law and system of particles, linear
9.2-9.12 momentum, collision and impulse, conservation of momentum, inelastic
and elastic collisions in one and two dimensions, system with varying
mass (Rocket motion).
7 First OHT
8 HRW Angular motion (Position, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration),
10.2-10.10 Rotation under Constant Angular Acceleration, relating linear and
angular variables; rotational Inertia, Torque, parallel-axis theorem,
Newton’s second law of rotation and kinetic energy.
9 HRW Rolling and rotation, kinetic energy of rolling, forces of rolling, torque
11.2-11.11 for rolling, angular momentum, Newton’s second law, rigid body
problem, conservation of angular momentum.
10 HRW Rotational inertia of various shapes, equilibrium and cases, static
12.2-12.7 equilibrium involving forces and torque, center of gravity, elasticity,
SJ 12.4 stress, strain and properties of materials.
11 HRW Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitation near earth’s surface
13.2-13.8 gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, Kepler’s laws, Satellite
orbits & energy.
12 HRW Density and pressure, static fluids, measuring pressure, Pascal’s
14.3-14.10 principle, Archimede’s principle, fluid dynamics, equation of
continuity, Bernoulli’s equation.
13 Second OHT
14 HRW Amplitude, phase, angular frequency, velocity and acceleration in
15.2-15.5, SHM, linear and angular simple harmonic motion (SHM), energy in
15.7 SHM, pendulums, SHM and uniform circular motion.
SJ 15.2
15 SJ Damped and forced oscillators, simple pendulum; physical pendulum.
15.5-15.7
95
16 HRW Types of waves, transverse waves, wavelength and frequency, speed of

16.2-16.10, a travelling wave on a stretched string, energy and power, the wave
16.12, equation, interference of waves, standing waves.
16.13
17 HRW Sound waves, speed of sound waves, intensity and sound level, sources,
17.2-17.9 Doppler effect.
Final Examinations
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students will be able to
• Understand the motion of objects in various dimension
• The concept of different forces such as friction, drag and centripetal force, gravitation
• Know the concept of energy as well as momentum for conservative and non-conservative forces
• Rotational motion of rigid bodies as well as rotation with translational motion
• The density and pressure related phenomenon in fluids (for both the static and dynamic cases)
96
PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism

Credit Hours: 3-0
Pre-requisites: PHY-106 Mechanics
Course Objectives:
• It is an undergraduate general physics course aims to make students understand basics of electricity
and magnetism
• It introduces students to the concept of electric field, electric potential, capacitors, electric current and
magnetic field at a basic level
• It also gives insight into electric circuits with and without damping
Main Textbook: Fundamentals of Physics

Author: D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 9th ed. 2010.
Referred as: HRW
Reference book: Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Author: R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett
Publisher: Golden Sunburst Series, 8th ed., 2010.
Contents:
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, finding the electric field for point charges, dipole and various charge
distributions, Gauss’s law and its application in finding electric field, electric potential for various charge
distributions, capacitors and capacitance, electric current, Ohm’s law, circuit theory, magnetic force,
magnetic fields produced by currents, Inductance, alternating fields and currents.
PHY-107 Electricity&Magnetism (Detailed Syllabus)
Week Ch. Sect. Topics

1 HRW 21.1- Electric charge, conductors and insulators, Coulomb’s law, quantization
21.6 and conservation of charge
2 HRW 22.1- The electric field and field lines, electric field due to a point charge, and
22.5 electric dipole
3 HRW 22.6- Electric field due to a line charge and charged disk, a point charge and a
22.9 dipole in an electric field.
4 HRW 23.1- Flux, flux of an electric field, Gauss’s law, a charged isolated
23.6 conductor
5 HRW 23.7- Applying Gauss’s law to cylindrical, planar and spherical symmetry
23.9
6 HRW 24.1- Electric potential energy, electric potential, equipotential surfaces,
24.12 potential from field, potential due to point charge, dipole and charge
distribution, potential of a charged conductor
7 First OHT
8 HRW 25.1- Capacitors, capacitance for various capacitors, capacitors in series and
25.8 parallel, energy stored in an electric field, capacitor with dielectric,
dielectrics and Gauss’s law
9 HRW 26.1- Electric current, current density, resistance and resistivity, Ohm’s law,
26.9 microscopic view, power in electric circuits, semiconductors,
superconductors
97
10 HRW 27.1- Work, energy and emf, calculating current in a single loop circuit,
27.6 potential difference between two points
11 HRW 27.7- Multiloop circuits, the ammeter and voltmeter, RC circuits,
28.3 Magnetic field
12 HRW 28.4- Discovery of electron, the Hall effect, a circulating charged particle,
28.10 cyclotrons and synchrotrons, magnetic force on a current carrying wire,
torque on a current loop, the magnetic dipole moment
13 Second OHT
14 HRW 29.1- Calculating the magnetic field due to current, force between two
29.6 parallel currents, Ampere’s law, solenoids and toroids, a current
carrying coil as magnetic dipole
15 HRW 30.1- Inductance, Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law, induced electric
30.7 fields, induction and energy transfer, inductors and inductance, induced
electric fields
16 HRW 30.8- Self induction, RL circuits, energy stored in a magnetic field, mutual
30.12, 31.1- induction, LC oscillations, damped oscillations in RLC
31.5
17 HRW 31.6- Alternating current, forced oscillations, resistive capacitive and
31.11 inductive load, series RLC circuit, power in alternating-current circuits,
transformers
Final Examination
Course Outcomes:
• understand the concept of electric charge, electric field and potential
• understand how magnetic field is associated with current
• understand various electric circuits and laws governing to work out these circuits
• understand the concept of inductance and alternating current
• workout various physical problems related to above mentioned concepts. Emphasis is put on to
develop problem solving skills in students.
98
PHY-204 Electrodynamics I
Credit Hours: 3-0

Pre-requisites: PHY-106 Mechanics
Course Objectives:
It is an advanced undergraduate course, which aims to
• make students understand the basics of electricity and magnetism
• introduce students to the concept of electric field, electric potential and magnetic field and various
laws associated with them
• give insight into electric and magnetic fields in matter and Maxwell’s equations with sources in free
space and matter.
Main Textbook: Introduction to Electrodynamics

Author: David F. Griffiths
Publisher: Prentice Hall Inc. 1989.
Referred as: DG
Reference book: Foundations of Electromagnetic theory, 4th ed.

Author: F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy
Publisher: Addison-Wesley 2008.
Contents:
Vector analysis, Electrostatics, Electric field, Electric potential, Conductors, Laplace’s equation, method
of images and separation of variables for calculating potentials, multipole expansion, Electrostatic fields
in matter, magnetostatics, magnetostatic fields in matter, Maxwell’s equations in free space and in matter
99
Wk. Ch. Sect. Topics

1 DG 1.1-1.3 Vector Algebra, Differential Calculus, Integral calculus
2 DG 1.4, 1.6 Curvilinear coordinates, Dirac Delta Function, Helmholtz Theorem,
Potentials
3 DG 2.1-2.3 Electric field, Divergence of electric field, Gauss’s law and its
applications, Electric potential, Poisson’s equations and Laplace’s
Equation
4 DG 2.4, 2.5 Work and energy in electrostatics, conductors
5 DG 3.1-3.2 Special techniques: Laplace’s equation as special technique, method of
images,
6 DG 3.3, 3.4 Special techniques: separation of variables, multipole expansion
7 First OHT
8 DG 4.1, 4.2 Polarization, dielectrics and the field inside, induced dipoles, alignment
of polar molecules, bound charges
9 DG 4.3-4.4 Gauss’s law in the presence of dielectrics, a deceptive parallel,
boundary conditions, linear dielectrics and their susceptibility,
permittivity and dielectric constant, boundary value problem with linear
dielectrics, energy and forces on dielectrics
10 DG 5.1, 5.2 The Lorentz force law: magnetic fields, magnetic forces, currents, the
Bio-Savart law, steady currents, the magnetic field of a steady current
11 DG 5.3 Straight line currents, the divergence and curl of B, applications of
Ampere’s law, comparison of magneto statics and electrostatics
12 DG 5.4 Magnetic vector potential, magneto statics boundary conditions,
multipole expansion of vector potential
13 Second OHT
14 DG 6.1-6.2 Magnetization, diamagntes, paramagnets, Ferro magnets, torques and
forces on magnetic dipoles, effect of magnetic filed on atomic orbits,
bound currents, magnetic field inside matter
15 DG 6.3, 6.4 Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, a deceptive parallel, boundary

conditions, magnetic susceptibility and permeability, ferromagnetism
16 DG 7.1-7.2 Introduction, Ohm’s law, electromotive force, motional emf, Faraday’s
Law, the induced electric field, Inductance, energy in magnetic fields
17 DG 7.3-7.4 Maxwell’s equations: Electrodynamics before Maxwell, fixing
Ampere’s law, magnetic charge, Maxwell’s equations in matter,
boundary conditions
18 Final Examination
Course Outcomes:
• understand the concept of electric field and various methods of calculating it for different charge
distributions
• understand how electric field changes inside matter
• understand magnetic field and vector potential and the laws associated with it
• understand magnetic fields inside matter and various types of magnetization.
• understand how to apply Maxwell’s equations and what to infer from them
100
PHY-302 Quantum Mechanics I
Credit Hours: 3-0

Prerequisite PHY-106 Mechanics
Course Objectives:
• It is an undergraduate course aims to make students understand basics of quantum mechanics
• A mathematical base is developed in the form of vector spaces and matrices and Dirac formalism to
enable students practicing quantum mechanics
• Familiarize students with postulates of quantum mechanics and application of these postulates to
simple physical problems
Recommended Books:
Main Textbook: Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed.

Author: R. Shankar
Publisher: Springer 1994.
Referred as: RS
Reference book: Introductory Quantum Mechanics, 4th ed.

Author: R. Liboff
Publisher: Addison-Wesley 2002
Reference book: Quantum Mechanics Concepts and Applications, 3rd ed.

Author: N. Zettili
Publisher: John Wiley 2009
Contents:
Function space and Hermitian operators, Review of classical mechanics, The postulates of quantum
mechanics, Schrodinger equation, One dimensional problems, Finite potential well, The classical limit,
The Harmonic oscillator, The Heisenberg uncertainty relations and their applications, Identical particles,
Symmetries and their consequences, Rotational invariance, The Hydrogen atom
101

1 RS 1.1- Basics of linear vector spaces, inner product spaces, dual spaces and
1.4 Dirac notation, subspaces
2 RS 1.5, Linear operators, active and passive transformations, the eigenvalue
1.10 problem, functions of operators, generalization to infinite dimensions
3 RS 2.1- Review of classical mechanics, the principle of least action and
2.5 Lagrangian Mechanics, The Hamiltonian formalism, all is not well with
Ch. 3 classical physics.
4 RS ch. 4 Postulates of quantum mechanics, the Schrodinger equation.
5 RS 5.1- Simple problems in one dimension viz the free particle and particle in a
5.3 box.
6 RS 5.4- Single step potential, concept of tunneling, the double slit experiment.
5.6
7 First OHT
8 RS ch. 6 The classical limit.
RS 7.1- The harmonic oscillator, review of classical oscillator.
7.2
9 RS 7.3- Quantization of the oscillator in coordinate basis and in energy basis.
7.4
10 RS 7.5 Harmonic oscillator using raising and lowering operators.
11 RS 9.1- The Heisenberg uncertainty relations, the derivation of uncertainty

9.5 relations, the minimum uncertainty packet, application of the
uncertainty relations.
12 RS 10 Systems with many degrees of freedom, symmetries and their
RS 11.1- consequences, translational symmetry, time translational invariance,
11.5 parity invariance, time reversal symmetry.
13 Second OHT
14 RS 12.2- Rotational invariance discussing SU(2) including rotations in two
12.4 dimensions, the eigen value problem of L Z , angular momentum in three
dimensions.
15 RS 12.5, The eigenvalue problem of L2 and L z , including eigenfunctions in
12.6 coordinate basis, solutions of rotationally invariant problems.
16 RS 13.1- The eigen value problem of hydrogen atom and the associated energy
13.4 levels and wave functions, the degeneracy of hydrogen spectrum,
numerical results and comparison with experiments, multielectron
atoms.
17 Revision
Course Outcomes:
• understand the postulates of quantum mechanics
• solve Schrodinger equation for various quantum systems
• understand Heisenberg uncertainty principle and its applications
• understand angular momentum and its conservation by rotational invariance
• understand quantum mechanical treatment of hydrogen atom and its various energy levels
102
PHY-361 Special Relativity
Credit Hours: 3-0

Prerequisite Phy-107 Electricity and Magnetism
Textbook 1: Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory
Author: A. Qadir
Publisher: World Scientific, 1989
Referred to as: AQ
Textbook 2: Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (Revised Edition)
Author: M. Born
Publisher: Dover Publications, 1962
Referred to as: MB
Course Description: At the end of the nineteenth century it was thought that with work of Newton,
Faraday and Maxwell, the development of Physics had come to an end and only
details were left to be filled out. There were “only two clouds in the sky” which
would soon clear away. In 1905 Einstein wrote some seminal papers, one of
which proposed a quantum of radiation and the other explained the
electrodynamics of moving bodies. In this course we will be concerned with the
latter. Einstein’s explanation used simple kinematics for frames of constant
velocity. He later extended this to full dynamics due to a gravitational force. The
former was called “special” relativity and the latter “general” relativity. We will
deal with the special theory but in a way that easily leads to the generalization.
Course Contents: Development of the pre-Newtonian and Newtonian theories of motion; pre-
relativistic mechanics. Einstein’s special relativity: length contraction, time
dilation and simultaneity; velocity addition for 1-d motion. The extension of
special relativity to 3-dimensions. Invariant quantities and tensors. Coordinate
transformations. The 4-vector formulation of special relativity; its geometric and
group aspects. Physical applications of special relativity: Doppler effect;
Compton effect; particle scattering; particle production, decay and binding
energy. Use of 4-vector formulation for electromagnetism and its consequences;
gauge transformations and gauge groups. Special relativity with small
accelerations and its geometrical implications.
Course Evaluation: There will be one Final Examination, which will be comprehensive and two tests.
The former will carry 50% marks, the latter 15% marks each, assignments 5 %
marks, attendance 5% marks and quizzes 10%.
103

1 AQ 1.1 – 5 Review of Newtonian mechanics. Review of analytical dynamics.
Review of continuum mechanics. (Discussion should include Ch. 1 of
MB for additional background. Problems as assignment.)
2 AQ 2.1 – 2.4 Einstein’s formulation of special relativity (SR) and its reformulation.
Length contraction, time dilation, simultaneity and velocity addition in
SR.
3 AQ 2.5 Three-dimensional Lorentz transformations. Problem solving.
4 A.Q 3.1 – 3 Invariant quantities and tensors in flat space. Coordinate
transformations. Problem solving.
5 Handout The extension of Newton’s absolute space and time to the relativistic
AQ 4.1, 2 spacetime of Poincare and Einstein. The four vector formalism and
Lorentz transformations in the 4-vector formalism
6 Handout The concept of groups and their relevance for Mechanics. The Lorentz
AQ 4.3 – 5 and Poincare groups. The null cone structure. (Problems as assignment.)
7 First OHT
8 AQ 5.1 Relativistic kinematics; the relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonians
Handout and their significance.
9 AQ 5.2, 3 The Doppler and Compton effects. (Problem solving.)
10 AQ 5.4, 5 Particle scattering, binding energy, particle production and decay.
(Problem solving.)
11 AQ 6.1 – 6.4 Review of Maxwell’s electromagnetism in vector notation.
12 AQ 6.5, 6 The 4-vector formulation of electromagnetism. Gauge invariance and
Handout the conservation of electric charge. Problem solving.
13 Second OHT
14 Handout The U em (1) gauge group and its significance. Non-abelian gauge
groups.
15 AQ 7.1 – 2 Paradoxes of relativity involving acceleration. The range of validity of
special relativity for small accelerations.
16 AQ 7.3 – 5 The special relativistic gravitational red-shift and deflection of light; 4-
vector acceleration and force.
17 AQ 7.6 – 7 Generalization of the principle of special relativity, The change of
metric due to linear and rotational motion. Problem solving.
104
PHY-465 General Relativity

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisites: PHY-107 Electricity and Magnetism
Main Textbooks: Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory

Author: Asghar Qadir
Publisher: World Scientific 1989
Referred as: SR
Main Textbooks: Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

Publisher: To be submitted for publication
Referred as: GR
Reference book: Gravitation

Author: C.W. Misner, K.S. Thorne and J.A. Wheeler
Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Co. 1973
Course Description: In 1905 Einstein formulated the special theory of relativity, which caused a major
shift in the world-view. This theory was reformulated geometrically by
Minkowski. That re-formulation led to a total change in the development of
science. Before it, science was led by experimental developments that were
incompatible with theory. After it, internal consistency and aesthetic
considerations drove the development of science and experiments were designed
to test the new theories. This has led to unprecedented developments in
experiment and hence technology. In this course the first such theory, the general
theory of relativity is discussed and the predictions it made explained. The
current status of the theory is also discussed. The approach taken is largely
historical and philosophic and the methods used are mainly of differential
geometry.
Course Contents: This course will review the development of mechanics in general and special
relativity in particular. It will go on to introduce the methods of field theory and
then use geometry and the principles of equivalence and covariance to develop
general relativity. The course will include a detailed discussion of black holes
and of gravitational waves and will include an introduction to the use of
spacetime symmetries in the study of relativity.
Course Evaluation: There will be one Final Examination, which will be comprehensive and two mid-
term tests. The former will carry 50% marks and the latter 20% marks. There will
be 5% marks for assignments and 5% marks for attendance.
105

1 SR 2.1 – 4.5 Review of special relativity and flat space tensors.
2 SR 5.1-5.5 Special relativistic mechanics.
3 SR 6.1 -6.6 Electromagnetism in special relativity.
4 SR 7.1-7.7 Special Relativity with small accelerations.
5 GR 1.3-1.6 Fundamentals of classical field theory; relativistic fields; the stress
energy tensor.
6 GR 3.1-3.3 Curves in n-dimensions. Manifolds. Vectors in curved space. The
metric tensor and covariant differentiation.
7 First OHT
8 GR 3.5-3.7 .The curvature tensors and scalar. Curves in manifolds; parallel and Lie
transport. Geodesics and geodesic deviation.
9 GR 3.8, 3.9 Tensors in spacetime. Isometries and Killing vectors. Static and
stationary spacetimes.
10 GR 1.1, 1.2, The Eötvos experiment. The principles of General Relativity and the
1.7-1.9 experimental evidence for them.
11 GR 4.1 – 4.3 The stress energy tensor again. The Einstein field equations.
12 4.4 – 4.6 The Newtonian limit of general relativity. The Schwarzschild exterior
solution and relativistic equations of motion.
13 Second OHT
14 4.7 – 4.10 The classical tests of Relativity and their current status.
5.1 – 5.3 Field theoretic formulation of relativity. The Schwarzschild interior
solution. The Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) metric.
15 5.4 – 5.7 The Kerr-Newman metric. Linearized gravity and gravitational waves.
16 6.1 – 6.3 Black holes: coordinate and essential singularities, horizons,
coordinates passing through horizons.
17 6.4 - 6.6 The Kruskal and the Carter-Penrose (CP) diagrams for the
Schwarzschild geometry. The maximal extension.
106
CH-103 Chemistry
Credit Hours: 3-1

Prerequisites: None
Course Objectives:
Core Contents: Basic Concepts in Chemistry, Chemical Bonding, Materials in Nature, Acids and Bases,
Chemistry of p-block Elements.
Detailed Contents:
Basic Concepts in Chemistry: Atomic structure; atomic models, quantum numbers, orbital, electronic
configuration. Development of Periodic Table; Classification of elements based on s, p, d and f orbitals,
group trends and periodic properties in s, p, d and f block elements, i.e., atomic radii, ionic radii,
ionization potential, electron affinities, electronagetivities and redox potential.
Chemical Bonding: Types of chemical bonding; ionic, colvalent and coordinate covalent bonds, bonding
theories, VB theory, hybridization, MO theory, delocalized, molecular orbital theory as applied to
diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Prediction of shapes using VSEPR concept, three center bonds,
bonding theory of metals and intermetallic compounds; conductors, insulators and semiconductors;
bonding in electron deficient compounds; hydrogen bonding.
Materials in Nature: Physical states: gases, liquid, solids and plasma. Chemical nature of materials: pure
substances, mixture and solution.
Acids and Bases: Concepts of acids and bases including SHAB concept, relative strength of acids and
bases, significance of pH, pKa, pKb and buffer solutions. Theory of Indicators, solubility, solubility
product, common ion effect and their industrial applications.
Chemistry of p-block Elements: Chemistry and structure of p-block elements; main emphasis on the
chemistry and structure of noble gases and their compounds, chemistry and structure of interhalogens,
pseudohalogens and polyhalides.
Text Books
1. Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P. L., “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New
York, 1995.
2. Chang, R., “Chemistry”, 10th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA, 2009.
3. Robinson, W.R., Odom, J.D. and Holtzclaw, Jr., “General Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis”,
10th Ed., Houghtan Mifflen Company, USA, 1997.
4. Ebbing, “General Chemistry”, 5th Ed., Houghtan Mifflen Company, USA, 2000.
Reference Books
1. Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and
Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001.
nd
2. Clyde Day, M. & Selbin, J., “Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry”, 2 Ed., Van Nustrand Reinhold,
1969.
th
3. Lee, J.D., “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, Chapman and Hall, 5 Ed., 1996.
4. Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W. and Langford, C. H., “Inorganic Chemistry”, Oxford University
nd
Press, 2 Ed., 1994.
5. Bassette, J., Denney, G. H. and Mendham, J., “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic
th
Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English Language Book Society, 4 Ed.,
1981.
107
PRACTICALS:
Credit Hours: 01
1. Laboratory Ethics and Safety Measures: Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and
their handling, cleaning of glassware, safe laboratory operations
2. Qualitative Analysis: Analysis of four ions (two anions and two cations) from mixture of salts.
3. Quantitative Analysis:
i) Volumetric Analysis: Practical exercises will be based on Redox, Iodometric and
Iodimetric, Precipitation and Complexometric Reactions.
ii) Gravimetric Analysis: Estimation of Ni2+, Ba2+, Mg2+.
Recommended Books
1. Vogel, A. I., “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis” Longman
Green & Co. 1995.
BIO-110 Introduction to Biology

Background
Biology – study of living organisms. It is concerned with the characteristics, classification, and behaviors
of organisms, how species come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with
the environment. Biology encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as
independent disciplines. However, together they address phenomena related to living organisms
(biological phenomena) over a wide range of scales, from biophysics to ecology. All concepts in biology
are subject to the same laws that other branches of science obey, such as the laws
of thermodynamics and conservation of energy.
Rationale
The objectives of the course of Biology are to introduce students to the method of acquiring science
knowledge in a scientific manner using scientific investigation and the importance of cultivating scientific
attitudes and noble values. Moreover to familiarize students with the building block of living organisms
processes which take place in living things, relationship between structure and function, inheritance and
understanding of an ecosystem and the relationship between biotic and abiotic components in a dynamic
ecosystem.
Educational Objectives
• Acquire knowledge in biology and technology in the context of natural phenomena and everyday
life experiences.
108
• Apply knowledge of biology to improve one’s health and well-being. Face challenges in the
scientific and technological world and be willing to contribute towards the development of
science and technology.
• Realize that scientific discoveries are the result of human endeavour to the best of his or her
intellectual and mental capabilities to understand natural phenomena for the betterment of
mankind.
• Be aware of the need to love and care for the environment and play an active role in its
preservation and conservation.
Course Contents
Introduction, Biological molecules, Enzymes, The cell, Viruses, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plants,
Animals, Bioenergetics, Nurtrition, Gaseous Exchange, Transport, Homeostasis, Support and
movement, Co ordination and control, Reproduction, Growth and development, Chromosomes,
and DNA, Cell cycle, Genetics, Biotechnology, Evolution, Environmental biology
Recommended Books
• Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher
• Neil A. Campbell, Biology
• Edward O. Wilson, The Diversity of Life
• Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life
• Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
109
HU-108 Communication & Interpersonal Skills

Credit Hours: 3-0
Prerequisite: None
This course is designed to help you build and enhance your communication skills-active listening,
giving and receiving criticism, dealing with different personality types, and nonverbal communication. It
explains basic communication theory as it applies to the workplace, and offers "real-life" scenarios that
demonstrate the use of effective interpersonal communication.
Dealing with other people can sometimes be much more complicated than even the most sophisticated
technical problem or business dilemma. But as with such problems and dilemmas, there are effective
techniques you can use to manage your working relationships more successfully. We all depend on other
people for success. Yet how many of us can honestly claim to excel in our working relationships with
other people? Couldn’t we all achieve more by examining and improving our interpersonal skills?
Communication& Interpersonal Skills course has been designed specifically to provide students with an
introduction to the essential soft skills and the comprehension needed to succeed in today's business
world. It provides practices in daily interpersonal skills’ encounters.Emphasis is on the communication
process; topics to be covered include perception, active listening, self-disclosure, ethics, nonverbal
communication, conflictresolution, power, and dysfunctional communication. At the end of the semester
students are expected to be able to demonstrate interpersonal communication skills, apply basic principles
of group discussion, and manage conflict in interpersonal communication situations. This will be
achievedthrough class- discussions and individualized study; learning and self-evaluation through in-text
exercises.
Course Objectives
• Demonstrate the ability to communicate with ones’ peers in a professional business language
• To build ones’ understanding of language processes
• To build one’s capacity to learn the art of communication both at small group level as well as at a
larger level in a business organization.
• To build mastery in the following four communication skills:
 LISTENING
 SPEAKING
 WRITING
 READING
Learning Outcomes
After completion of the course, students shall be able to:
• Understand the importance of basic communication skills in business life
• Understand the role of language and thinking processes in one’s life.
• Develop mastery in conversation in small groups
• Develop the art of public speaking
• Develop critical language skills through writing and speaking standard English
Required Course Material

There is no specific book for this course. The readings have been selected by the instructor.
110
Weekly breakup (three hours in a week)

Week Lecture Topic
1.  INTRODUCTORY SESSIONS AND DISCUSSION ABOUT THE COURSE’S

OBJECTIVES
2 ACTIVE LISTENING
 DIFFERNCE BETWEEN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE LISTENING
 ACTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
 THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVE LSITENING FOR BUSINESS STUDENTS
3 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 BODY LANGUAGE
 BASELINING
 GRAPES: THE IMPERATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR UNDERSTANDING
BODY LANGUAGE ( GESTURES, RATE OF SPEECH, ANIMATION,
POSTURE ,EYE –CONTACT & SPACE)
4 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 BODY LANGUAGE ACROSS DIFFERENT CULTURES
5 COMMUNICATION MODELS:
 LINEAR MODEL
 INTERACTIVE MODEL
 TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY THEORY & ITS APPLICATION IN COMMUNICATION
STUDIES
6 WRITING WORKSHOP
 WHAT IS MLA?
 HOW TO AVOID PLAGARISM THROUGH MLA FORMAT OF WRITING PAPERS
7 First OHT
8 WRITING WORKSHOP CONTD

 WRITING WITH A PRE-DEFINED PURPOSE
 WRITING TO PERSUADE
 WRITING TO INFORM
9 WRITING WORKSHOP CONTD
 WRITING TO REFLECT
 WRITING TO NARRATE
 WRITING TO EXPLORE
10 Discover how to communicate with everyone.

 Discussion on different
communicating Styles: Aggressive , Passive & Assertive
 Find out what is your style?
 Reading of the article, “IF ANYTHING CAN GO WRONG , IT WILL” by Lt
Col William S. PINE & Lt William R. Bauman
111
11 LETTER WRITING
 BLOCK, SEMI-BLOCK, UNBLOCK FORMAT
 Different Kinds of Letters
12 PROPOSALS AND MEMOS

 FORMAL PROPOSALS
 HOW TO WRITE A PROPOSAL
 THE LAYOUT OF A PROPOSAL
 WHAT ARE MEMOS?
 WHAT ARE MOUS?
13 Second OHT
14 JARGON
 TECHNICAL LANGUAGE VS. SLANG LANGUAGE
 WHAT IS A DIALECT?
 SHOULD ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTE THE USE OF JARGON?
15 1. PUBLIC SPEAKING
 STAGE FRIGHT
 AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
 THE RIGHT LANGUAGE FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
 SMALL GROUP PRESENTATIONS
 HOW TO CHOOSE A TOPIC FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
 THE IMPORANCE OF VISUAL AIDS
16 2. INTERVIEWING SKILLS
 BEHAVIORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
 STEER CLEAR OF INTERVIEWERS’ PET PEEVES
 INTERVIEW VOCABULARY
COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION
 Geometry of dialogue
 A Six Dimensions / Five Transformations model of conversation
 The multiple contexts of interpersonal communication
17 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION
 Geometry of dialogue
 A Six Dimensions / Five Transformations model of conversation.
 The multiple contexts of interpersonal communication

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MATH-452 Ordinary Differential Equations-II ........................................................................... 73

List of BS Mathematics Courses with Prerequisites

Credit Hours: 3-0

Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

Weekly Breakdown (four hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

MATH-235 Mathematical Computing

Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)

MATH-242 Real Analysis-I

Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)

The Heine–Borel Theorem

MATH-251 Ordinary Differential Equations-I

Week wise Breakdown (three hours in a week)

MATH-274 Elementary Number Theory

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-272 Discrete Mathematics and Applications

Week-wise Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-261 Mathematical Statistics-I

Credit Hours: 3-0

• Marginal and conditional distributions of bivariate random variables.

MATH-262 Mathematical Statistics-II

• quality control charts.

MATH-321 Linear Algebra

Weekly Breakdown: (Four hours in a week)

MATH-322 Group Theory

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-332 Numerical Analysis-I

Week-wise Break-up (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topic

MATH-342 Real Analysis-II

Weekly Breakup (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

MATH-343 Complex Analysis

Weekly Breakdown (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

MATH-344 Metric and Topological Spaces

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

MATH-353 Partial Differential Equations

Week wise Breakup (three hours in a week)

MATH-354 Calculus of Variations

Course Objectives: The calculus of variations is one of the classical subjects in

Week wise Breakup (three hours in a week)

MATH-381 Differential Geometry-I

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-423 Rings and Fields

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-455 Integral Equations

Weekwise Breakup (three hours in a week)

MATH-473 Operations Research

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-457 Mathematical Modeling

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

Week Book Topics

MATH-445 Measure and Integration

Weekly Breakdown: (three hours in a week)

MATH-446 Functional Analysis