OD +Ill

a = mean radius - in inches L

c =depth of winding = ---

4
OD -ID
in inches
a (INCH) n
4
5
4

-
3
ID and OI) = inside and outside diam- 0.2 - 10
3 - 0
C
eters of circular coil or
the corresponding side of
CIRCULAR
5
COILS
9
- 2
10

square coil. L =0.126 an 3 LOG 8 a/c - 8 - 5

4
SQUARE COILS - 7
-
It will be noted that a square coil 5
_
1
3

gives a somewhat larger inductance 0.141 an LOG a/c I

than a circular coil of similar dimen- 0.25 -

L
OD +ID
3

-ID
- G

a C =OD
sions, probably due to the greater 4 2
- 0.5
length of "wire" involved. Table 1 n = TURNS 0.5
shows the extent of the correlation 0.4
Cc 0.4
between measured and calculated - 4 a t 0.3
values of some of the inductances 0.3
á 0.3
constructed. Typical coils are illus-
trated in Fig. 1. `c:
0.2 - - 0.2
- 3 0.5
Alignment Chart
'-s
Even though the formulas given
0.35j \Ivi 0.1
0.1 0.4

above are simple to use, considera- HID F.--

tion for the weary brain of the hard 2
- 0.3
working engineer made an alignment
chart (Fig. 3) seem desirable. The
0.4 - I

range of the chart has been delib- -

erately limited. A consideration of
1.5 - 0.25
the magnitude of the magnetic field 045-
around these coils, which is exten- I--- OD - 1.25

sive, indicates that larger values

than those covered by the chart will
not be generally practical because of
space limitations. Larger coils can
of course be constructed where
their use is indicated.
An example will illustrate the use
of the chart. Suppose it is desired
to construct a circular coil, of 0.5
microhenry. A ratio of a/c of unity
might be chosen as a reasonable
0.5 - - 1.0 0.2
Fig. 3: Alignment chart for designing square and circular coils of specified dimensions
frequency ranges. If operated above always being larger than the true
its self-resonant frequency it will of inductance. This relationship is ex-
course perform as a capacitor, rather pressed by the equation
than an inductance. The magnitude Lo-
of the distributed capacity of printed
coils is thus of considerable interest, where
L. \f)_
fo

value. A line is then drawn through
1 on the a/c scale and 0.5 on the L
scale to intersect the central refer-
ence line. An additional line from
this intersection through the n and
a scales will completely define the
coil. Space considerations might in-
dicate a medium size coil, with a
value of a perhaps 0.3. The number
of turns is then indicated as 5. This
coil will have outside and inside di-
ameters of 0.9 and 0.3 in., respec-
tively. Of course, other values of the
various factors might be chosen to
fit particular requirements. A square
coil of like inductance would, with
the same ratio of a /c, have either
fewer turns or smaller dimensions
than the circular coil. If a maximum
OD is the governing factor, one may
work from this in determining use-
ful values of a, c and n.
Distributed Capacity
Any inductance has a certain
amount of distributed capacity.
which limits its usefulness in certain
TELE -TECH & ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES
since most of them will probably be
operated at relatively high frequen-
cies.
The effective, or apparent, induc-
tance seen by the circuit will differ
from the low frequency or true in-
ductance due to the presence of the
distributed capacity. This capacity
may be considered as a lump shunt-
ing of the coil at frequencies up to
approximately 80% of the self -res-
onant frequency. Above this point,
the distributed nature of the ca-
pacity makes itself apparent.
As the self- resonant frequency is
approached- from the low side, the
effective inductance will increase,
Fig. 4: Series resonant rejection
1.15ph
300 OHM
0.160h
LINE
2aafd
December 1955
www.americanradiohistory.com
Lo = true inductance
L. = effective inductance at frequency!
f
= self-resonant frequency.
This is plotted in Fig. 2 to illustrate
the magnitude of the effects to be
expected.
In all the coils produced, a re-
markable constancy of distributed
capacity was found to exist. The
number of turns seems to have only
small effect, the capacity increasing
as the number of turns decreases.
The capacity increases as the dielec-
tric constant of the base material in-
creases but not in a direct fashion.
Its value seems to be primarily some
obscure function of the dielectric
filter circuit constant and the overall dimensions
of the coil. Values measured ranged
from 0.66 to 1.09 µµf. for all the coils
constructed, averaging around 0.8
300 OHM
uuf. It appears from the data that
in the absence of other information
LINE
a value in the vicinity of 0.7 to 0.8
uuf, can be safely assumed for prac-
tical purposes when the usual types
(Continued on page 120)
69