7 Department of Education

National Capital Region

S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

ENGLISH
First Quarter-Module 6
Phrases, Clauses and Sentences

Writer: Cristina S. Barde

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Sheila Mae A. Cancino

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 What I Need to Know
Hello, Grade 7 learners! In this sixth module for the 1st grading
period, you will learn how to:

Use phrases, clauses, and sentences appropriately and meaningfully.

You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. define sentence, phrases, and clauses;
2. determine phrases and clauses in sentences,
3. identify the different types of phrases,
4. differentiate independent clause from dependent clause.

What I Know

Read each of the following questions carefully then encircle the letter of your
answer from the given options.
1. Which is the noun phrase in the sentence that follows?
The nation’s first state university, University of the Philippines, was
founded in 1908.
A. The nation’s C. was founded
B. first state university D. in 1908
2. Which of the following consists a verb phrase?
A. auxiliary verbs C. modal verbs
B. phrasal verbs D. action verbs

3. What is a phrase?
A. a word
B. subject and predicate working together
C. a group of words expressing a complete thought
D. a group of words related to the subject or predicate
4. Which of the following classifies the underlined part of the given sentence?
I study hard, so I get good grades.
A. phrase C. dependent clause
B. sentence D. independent clause

5. What is a clause?
A. subject and predicate working together
B. a group of words expressing a complete thought
C. a group of words related to the subject or predicate
D. a group of words, which contains a subject and a predicate, and is a part of
a larger sentence

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 Lesson
Appropriate Reading Strategies
7

What’s In

Last time, you have studied about Direct and Reported Speech. Can
you still remember them?

Rewrite the sentences according to the required type of speech. Punctuate

and identify each newly formed sentence as a direct or reported speech. Write D
if it is direct speech or R if it is reported speech. Write your answers on the spaces
provided.

What’s New
Examples:
a. Betty said that she wanted to visit her grandparents.
D Betty said, “I want to visit my grandparents.”

b. Bert announced, “I will buy a new tablet soon.”

R Bert announced that he would buy a new tablet soon.

1. “Why did the declaration of martial law stifle the creativity of most
writers?” I asked.

2. She observed that many writers had preferred to write about

trivial matters.

3. Proclamation 1144 says that elevate creative expression in all

its forms to its rightful duties as the vanguard of the country’s
spiritual development.

4. I declare, “Jose Garcia Villa deserves the National Artist Award.”

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 5. The government ordered the Board of Censors, “Review all printed
materials.”

In today’s lesson, you will learn how to use phrases, clauses,

and
sentences appropriately and meaningfully.

What’s New

A. Before Reading Activity

Do you have pets at home? What memorable experience do you have
with your pet? What characteristics do you like the most about your pet?

B. During Reading Activity

Read the paragraphs below. This was taken from the story, The
Centipede
by Rony V. Diaz.

Biryuk and I are best friends. He is a good dog. Every afternoon after
school we go to the field to chase quails or to the bank of the river which was
fenced by tall, blade-sharp reeds to flush snipes. Father was away most of the
time but when he was home, he hunted with us.
That afternoon, after school while I was walking, Biryuk scampered off
and my sister flung the stick at him. Then she turned about and she saw me. She
commanded me to go to her, then she reached over and twisted my ear.
“I don’t want to see that dog again in the house. That dog destroyed my
slippers again,” she said coldly.
I can’t do anything. Delia has a weak heart.
C. Post Reading Activity

Read the groups of words written in each column. Analyze the way
each statement is written.

COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C

• Biryuk and I are best • after school • She commanded me to go
friends. • to the field to her, then she reached
• He is a good dog. • scampered off over and twisted my ear.
• Delia has a weak • a weak heart
heart. • Biryuk scampered off and
my sister flung the stick at
him.
1. How are the groups of words in column A written? What do you call them?

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 2. Do the groups of words in Column B express complete thought? How
do you describe them?

3. What have you noticed in the underlined group of words in Column C?

What are they?

What Is It

Let us discuss the different groups of words shown above.

If you classified the first group of words as sentences, you are right.

Biryuk and I are

best friends. He is a
good dog.
Delia has a weak heart.
Let us define a sentence…

A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.

Subject- refers to the person, place, animal, or thing we are talking about
in the sentence.
Predicate-tells us more about the subject. The predicate contains the verb.
A sentence makes complete sense by itself and does not depend on another
word or group of words to do so.

Biryuk and I are best friends.

subject predicate

In the case of some sentences, a predicate may be made up of only the verb.

Eddie cried. Biryuk scampered

subject predicate subject predicate

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 How about the second group of words? Do you know what these are? If
you say that these are phrases, you are right again.

Delia has a weak heart. Biryuk scampered off the field.

phrase phrase

A phrase is a group of words that does not contain a subject and a predicate
and does not make a complete sense by itself. It depends upon other words
to make sense.

How about the third group of words?

That’s correct these are sentences that are longer than the sentences in the
first group.

Biryuk scampered off and my sister flung the stick at him.

subject predicate subject predicate

These two groups of words or the two independent sentences are called
clauses. They can be joined to form a longer sentence.

A clause is a group of words, which contains a subject and a predicate,

and is a part of a larger sentence.

Look at these examples.

main clause subordinate clause

My neighbor bought a new house before he went abroad.

subject predicate subject predicate

He built high walls when he found out that theft was rampant.

main clause subordinate clause

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 Clauses can be independent or dependent. An independent clause
or main clause can stand by itself. A dependent or subordinate clause
also has a subject and a predicate, but it cannot stand by itself because it
starts with subordinate words; it can only be a part of a sentence.

Let us discuss more about phrases and clauses in the following sentences:

Delia has a weak heart.

modifier noun

The phrase, a weak heart is a noun

phrase.

A noun phrase is made up of a noun and all its modifiers. It can function in a
sentence as a subject, an object, or a complement.

Examples: new female teacher, long and winding road

The shot did not scare

Biryuk.
helping main

verb verb

The phrase did not scare is a verb phrase.

A verb phrase is made up of a main verb plus one or more helping verbs
helping verbs: to be (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been) to
have (has, have, had)
to do (do, does, did)
others (may, might, must, can, could, shall, should, will, would)

Examples: have waited, was taken, might come

We go to the field to chase quails.

preposition

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The phrase to the field is a prepositional phrase.

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, its object (noun or

pronoun) and any words modifying the object.

Examples: in the house, by the river, in an hour, under the sun, to the
office

Celestine takes care of her flower garden.

adjective noun

Celestine takes care of her garden of flowers.

noun adjective phrase

An adjective phrase like adjective modifies nouns. It answers the

question which, what kind.

Examples: He was the only child of the family.

He told us a story about his hometown.

subject predicate

Celestine takes care of her garden, which is full of flowers.

noun adjective clause

Another example:
clause 1 clause 2

Celestine has a beautiful garden where she grows beautiful

flowers.
subject predicate subject predicate

conjunction

Clause 2 tells us more about the verb ‘has.’ It does the work of an
adverb.

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 This is an adjective clause.
When writing, remember that a sentence has a subject and a predicate. It
starts with a capital letter and ends with a period, exclamation point, or question
mark. Phrases add details, descriptions, and colors to the nouns and verbs; clauses
add further details.

What’s More
Activity 1
Look at the underlined phrases in the sentences from the story, “The
Centipede,” by Rony V. Diaz. Write NP on the line if noun phrase, VP if verb
phrase, PP if prepositional phrase, and AP if adjective phrase.
Example: VP 1) Father had told me that hunters always spat for luck.

1. Eddie had passed that phase.

2. Biryuk’s eyes had been pierced.
3. My sister was the meanest creature.
4. Delia was embroidering a strip of cloth.
5. The flimsy wall collapsed.
6. We spotted a covey of brown pigeons beyond the ipil grove.
7. Pinned to the ground on a piece of wood was a centipede,
big and scary.
8. Biryuk frightened, yelped and fled to the forest.
9. I went to see my sister’s playhouse which is a grass hut.
10. My sister was sitting on a chair in the porch.

Activity 2

Read the following sentences. Underline the main clause in each

statement.
Example:
Philippine Literature in English was imitative during its
Period of Apprenticeship.

1. Fiction was marked by the imitation of the style of storytelling when the
Americans came.
2. It was in 1925 when Paz Marquez Benitez published her short story,
“Dead Stars.”
3. Soon after Benitez, short story writers began publishing stories no
longer imitative of American models.

Read the following sentences. Encircle the subordinate clause in each

statement.
4. After the storm, there were branches in the street.
5. Sheila eats carrots when she wants to have a snack.
6. They get along well because they never see each other.

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Activity 3

A dependent clause adds extra information to a sentence. It begins

with words like who, which, that, because, if, when, until, before, and after.
Add a dependent clause to each simple sentence.

1. The man next door is a lawyer

_____________________________________
2. Nobody believes me ___________________________________________
3. Those girls don’t listen _________________________________________
4. I never eat cake ____________________________________________
5. We can be friends _____________________________________________

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on phrases, clauses, and sentences.

• What is a sentence? Provide an example.

• How would you define a phrase? Give at least two examples.

• What is a clause? Make a sensible sentence using dependent and

independent clauses.

What I Can Do
Compose sentences using the following phrases:
a. at the beginning d. from his classmate/friend
b. at the school e. with enthusiasm
c. in the morning f. to the teacher

Then, combine all the sentences that you composed to form a paragraph.
You may add more details to your composition. Make use of the space
provided for your paragraph writing.

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 Assessment
Look at the underlined group of words in the following sentences. Identify
the type of phrase and clause. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Houses are unbelievably expensive now.

A. noun phrase C. prepositional phrase
B. verb phrase D. adjective phrase

2. We have met Paul this morning.

A. noun phrase C. prepositional phrase
B. verb phrase D. adjective phrase

3. My friend enjoys eating in Indian restaurants.

A. noun phrase C. prepositional phrase
B. verb phrase D. adjective phrase

4. If you want to be my friend, you will tell me the truth.

A. main clause C. dependent clause
B. adjective clause D. independent clause

5. If you want to be my friend, you will tell me the truth.

A. main clause C. dependent clause
B. adjective clause D. independent clause

Additional Activities
Underline the independent clauses used in the excerpt of an essay
entitled, “Adventure of Friendship.”
Human friendship is one of life’s great challenges Often it generates into
pragmatism or selfishness, but it can also be one of the most satisfying adventures
in life. One says that friendship comes when we live totally, when we don’t dominate
anyone. Real friends are God’s special gifts to all of us. They are the reward of
unselfish loving. But we have to work hard at friendship to make it the great
adventure of love that it can be.-Adventure of Friendship by Fr. Joseph A.
Galdon, S.J.
Source: Arago, J.M. and Alajar, J.C. (1999). Learning Effective Englsh.
Quezon City:Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.
More Practice Online!
Click on the links below to practice your skill in identifying phrases and
clauses.(Answer each item in 30 seconds.)
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5a969c7c125b8300191edd74/phrases-and-clauses
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582ef9b20db94af065cef72c/independent-dependent-clauses

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 References
1. What’s In
Language Literature in Philippine Literature pp. 431-432

2. Discussion, explanation and examples.

English Learners Materials for Grade 7 pp. 160-164,169, 191,

210,
and 231
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvsI_VV3ICg&t=1
6s

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/321937073342268162/

3. Activities

English Learners Materials for Grade 7 pp. 165-166, 169-170, 211

Gonzales, Carolina T. and Francisco Nelda R. Essential English

Worktextin Literature and Language. Rex Book Store, Inc.
2015: 109-110
https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/langarts/1/indepentdepclauses.html

4. Assessment

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/phrases/ex4.htm

https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/langarts/1/indepentdepclauses.html

5. Additional Activities:

English Learners Materials for Grade 7 pp. 231-232

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5a969c7c125b8300191edd74/phrases-and-clauses
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582ef9b20db94af065cef72c/independent-dependent-clauses

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 Development Team of the Module

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
Education Program Supervisor-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

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