IOT-BASED MONITORING, CONTROL, AND DIAGNOSIS OF

IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Introduction
Irrigation is a crucial asset of modern agriculture. The ability of power to control and manage the
Division of water is very much important to crop health, yield, and overall success. The
application of IoT-based monitoring, control, and diagnosis technology in irrigation can give
farmers REAL-TIME information about soil moisture levels, temperature, humidity, and other
environmental factors that cause crop growth. This information of data offers farmers to make
data-driven decisions about when and how much water to apply to their crops, leading to
improvement of yields and reduced water waste. IoT for monitoring systems uses sensors to
collect information on environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil
moisturizer. These sensors are placed in the field and gridded to a central monitoring technology.
The data gathered by the sensors is then analyzed and used to make decisions about when and
how much water to give to the crops. IoT-based control technology uses actuators to adjust the
fluency of water to the crops based on the data gathered by the sensors. These actuators can be
controlled to adjust the water flow automatically bases on preset parameters or can be manually
operated by the farmer using a smartphone or smart devices. IoT-based diagnosis technology
use data analytics to identify potential issues with the irrigation system or the crops themselves.
For example, if the soil moisture levels are continuously too high or too low, the diagnosis
technology can alert the farmer to a potential problem with the irrigation system, such as a leak
or malfunctioning valve. Alternatively, if the temperature and humidity levels are not harvested
for crop growth, the diagnosis technology can alert the farmer to adjust the irrigation schedule to
better match the needs of the crops.

Design

The impact of global warming has led to a boost in the use of Internet of Things technology in
many industries. The IoT system is suitable for connecting devices, sensors, and systems in a
way that offers them to transmit and share data. This has made it very much possible for
businesses to develop their operations and decrease their carbon footprint. Advanced IoT Cloud
(AIC) is one such company that specializes in IoT solutions and has experience positioning total
solutions for many industry disciplines, including medical, transport solutions, and agriculture.
In the medical business, IoT technology has become a very crucial tool for improving patient
care and minimizing costs. AIC has enhanced IoT solutions that can observe patients remotely,
track their important signs, and alert medical staff if there are any abnormalities. This has helped
to decrease the number of hospitals and improve patient outcomes. AIC has also developed IoT
solutions for medical supply chains, which can help to ensure that medications and other medical
supplies are delivered on time and in the correct quantities. This can help to decrease sacks and
improve the effectiveness of medical supply chains. In the transport industry, Internet of things
technology has become an important tool for better safety and shortening emissions. AIC has
developed IoT solutions that can cover the execution of vehicles in real-time, track their location,
and optimize their routes. This can help to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, as well as
amend the safety of passengers and drivers AIC has also developed IoT solutions for freight
management and logistics which can help to correct the supply chain and reduce costs. In the
agriculture industry, IoT system technology has become a crucial tool for improving crop yields
and reducing waste. AIC has evolved IoT solutions that can monitor soil moisture levels, record
weather conditions, and optimize irrigation systems. This can help to the efficiency of water
usage and unused waste. AIC has also developed Internet of things solutions for livestock
management, which can help to watch the health and well-being of animals and improve the
efficiency of farm operations. Overall, the use of IoT technology has become massively
important in response to global warming. AIC has been at the forefront of developing IoT
solutions for many industries, including medical, transport solutions, and agriculture. These main
solution have helped to upgrade efficiency, decrease waste, and improve outcomes for businesses
and the climate. As the world continues to hold with the effects of global warming, it is crystal
clear that Internet of things technology will play an increasingly crucial role in the years to come.

Figure 1: IoT for the failure of climate change Mitigation and adaptation
 (Source: data: image/jpeg)

Communication Solution

For the support of a low communication footprint with the publisher of the subscriber, we can
operate through MQTT protocol and TCP/IP communication media. This is a very lightweight
subscribe messaging protocol that is designed for constrained devices and has low bandwidth,
very high latency, or unreliable networks. This has a very small code footprint and low network
overhead that creates it an ideal protocol for low-memory, low-power networks and devices. The
TCP/IP has broadly used media that supports bidirectional, reliable, and stream-oriented
information transmission systems over the network. It ensures the integrity of data and gives an
ended-to-end connection between the smart devices. Together, MQTT and TCP/IP generate a
reliable and efficient communication solution for a low communication footprint with a
subscriber-publisher. To simulate the environment, need to use Packet Tracer, a network
simulation tool that offers us to create and test network configurations. We can operate a simple
network with a publisher and a subscriber connected through a router using MQTT and TCP/IP
protocols. The simulation tests the reliability and performance of the communication solution
under different network conditions.

Here are the IP addresses of the publisher, router and subscriber

Publisher: 192.168.1.
Subscriber: 192.168.1.3
Router: 192.168.1.1
To do this, go to the device's configuration panel and select the MQTT tab. Configure the MQTT
settings for each device as follows. Broker IP address: 192.168.1.1 Port: 1883 (default port for
MQTT)

Humidity and Temperature Measurement

To measure the average readings of the humidity and temperature from two separate sensors on
two SBCs, you can follow these steps Join the two SBCs to a local network so they can converse
with each other.a program on each SBC to read the sensor data and send it to the other SBC. On
one of the SBCs, the program receives the sensor information from the other SBC and calculates
the typical humidity and temperature readings. Set thresholds for the temperature and humidity
values to activate the irrigation actuators and the farm sprinklers. Write a program on the same
SBC to activate the irrigation actuators and the farm sprinklers based on the thresholds and the
average sensor readings.
On SBC 1:
“import socket”
“import struct”
“# Read humidity and temperature from the sensor”
“humidity1 = …”
“temperature1 = ..”
“# Send data to SBC 2”
“s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)”
“s.connect(('ip_address_of_sbc_2', 1234))”
“s.sendall(struct.pack('f', humidity1))”
“s.sendall(struct.pack('f', temperature1))”
“s.close()”
On SBC 2:
“import socket”
“import struct”

“# Receive data from SBC 1”

“s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)”
“s.bind(('ip_address_of_sbc_2', 1234))”
“s.listen(1)”
“conn, addr = s.accept()”
‘humidity2 = struct.unpack('f', conn.recv(4))[0]”
“temperature2 = struct.unpack('f', conn.recv(4))[0]”
“conn.close()”
“s.close()”
“# Calculate average of humidity and temperature readings”
“humidity_avg = (humidity1 + humidity2) / 2”
“temperature_avg = (temperature1 + temperature2) / 2”
# Activate irrigation actuators and farm sprinklers based on thresholds and sensor readings
if humidity_avg > humidity_threshold and temperature_avg > temperature_threshold:
# Activate irrigation actuators and farm sprinklers

Sensor Diagnostic

To find sensor failure and ensure the accuracy of measurements, a method called sensor
validation can be used. This involves periodically evaluating the sensor readings against known
values or expected patterns to identify any inconsistencies or errors. The initial step in including
the sensor validation is to demonstrate a baseline for the sensor's expected behavior. This can be
done by collecting all the information from the sensor over time to time and analyzing it to detect
trends and patterns. Such as, if the sensor is measuring temperature, the baseline might indulge
the expected temperature range for the environment being monitored and the expected changes
in temperature over time. Once the baseline has been entrenched the sensor readings can be
compared against it to detect any anomalies. Various kinds of methods can be used for this
comparison, including statistical analysis and algorithms of machine learning. Statistical
assessment involves using mathematical models to analyze the output of the data and identify
patterns or trends. For example, the mean and standard divergence of the sensor readings can be
calculated and used to identify any readings that fall outside of the expected range. If a sensor
reading falls outside of the expected range, it could denote a sensor failure or other issue. 1.
The algorithms of machine learning can also be used for sensor validation. These algorithms can
be trained to identify patterns in the sensor data and identify any anomalies or outliers. An
algorithm could be trained to recognize the expected pattern of temperature changes in a given
environment and ensign any readings that do not fit that pattern as potential errors.

Report Organization

IoT-based monitoring and diagnosis technology can generate farmers with real-time information
about soil moisture levels, temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that could be
impactful crop growth. This information offers farmers to make data-driven decision-making
about when and how much water to apply to their crops, leading to improved yields and
minimizing water waste. Additionally, IoT-based irrigation technology can reduce labor costs,
improve crop health, and have an environmental advantage. As such, IoT-based irrigation
systems are increasingly gaining popularity among farmers and are poised to revolutionize
modern agriculture.

Conclusion

The benefits of IoT-based monitoring, control, and diagnosis of irrigation systems are numerous.
For example, Improved Water Management's IoT-based monitoring technology can provide
farmers with real-time information about soil moisturizer levels, temperature, humidity, and
other environmental factors that impact crop growth. This technology allows farmers to make
data-driven purpose about when and how much water to apply to their crops, leading to
improved yields and decrease water waste. Increased Yield By investing crops with the optimal
amount of water, farmers can maximize crop yields. IoT-based operational systems can
automatically adjust the water flow based on preset parameters, enduring that crops receive the
optical amount of water at the right time reduced “Labor Costs” IoT-based irrigation system
technology can be operated remotely using a smartphone or other device, reducing the need for
farmers to adjusted by human the water flow. This can lead to decrease labor costs and increased
productivity. By generating crops with the optimal amount of water, farmers can improve crop
health and decrease the risk of disease or pest infestation. Environmental advantage by decresing
water waste, IoT-based irrigation systems technology can help to reserved water resources and
reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.