“M”

1. Marcelo Malpighi discovered the two layers of the skin, the dermis (inner layer)
and epidermis(outer layer) and became known as Grandfather of Fingerprint
2. Mary K. Holand - first American instructress in dactyloscopy
3. Macrodactyl - having enlarged finger.
4. Microdactyl - having small finger.
5. Middle phalange - the next and above the basal done.
Major criminal prints - a recording of all of the friction ridge skin that covers the
hands.Major criminal prints include fingers,palms,tips of the fingers and middle
joints of the finger on both sides.
6.Minutiae - the characteristics that make each fingerprint capable of being
differentiated from any other print by a different area of friction skin.Comparison of
latent prints with known prints begins with the overall pattern.The ridge detail of
fingerprints including the ends of the ridges,their separations, and their relationships
to one another constitute the bases for fingerprint comparison. 7.Mark Twain - in his
memoir life on the Mississippi 1883, it mentioned a melodramatic account of a
murder in which the killer was identified by a thumbprint. Twain's novel Pudd'n head
Wilson published in 1893 includes a court room drama that turns on fingerprint
identification.
8. MAGNA FLAKE/POWDER: Magnetic powder is a type of development powder. A
fine magnetic powder is held by a magnetic applicator, which is moved across the
surface being examined.
9. MARK: The term used to refer to an area of friction ridge detail from an unknown
donor. Usually recovered, enhanced or imaged from a crime related item, or directly
retrieved from a crime scene. 10.MARK STATUS: This is the description or standing
of an area of ridge detail following comparisons and/or searching. It describes the
status of an area of ridge detail when all actions have been completed. The mark
may be Identified Unidentified or Insufficient. Where a mark is Unidentified it may
be Excluded for certain individuals.
11.MATRIX: This refers to what the mark is made up of (or left in). This is the
substance that is actually deposited by the finger and eventually developed, i.e.
sweat, ink, foreign material (drugs), blood, etc.
12. MEDIAL / MIDDLE: The centre or middle, for example the medial section of
phalange.
13. MEETING TRACING: The friction ridge being traced from the left delta either
meets the right delta or there are no more than two friction ridges intervening
between the point on the friction ridge where tracing stops and the delta ridge.
14. MOVEMENT: The disruption to the friction ridge flow or friction ridge detail
within the impression due to movement of the finger/phalange/palm at the time of
the deposition of the impression. Movement may make the friction ridge details
appear blurred or distorted.
15. MULTIPLE CORE: Fingerprint patterns may have more than one core
16. Major case Print- a complete set of record print obtain from an individual,
including, but not limited to the fingerprint, palm print, edges if the hand, fingertips,
and entire
finger.
17.Major classification -Major classification – represents only the thumb of each
hand. It is the ridge count of the loop and/ or the tracing of the whorl appearing in
the thumb of each hand (if such whorls appear)

18. Molding Method – collecting visible fingerprints with a molding material, and is
suitable for collecting an object from an object with so complicated and
uneven a surface that lifting with lifting material is infeasible. This is also
suitable for collecting a latent fingerprint developed from a heated object.
19.Meaning of Secondary – the numerator indicates the type of pattern
appearing on the index finger of the left hand.
20.M Symbol” – the symbol (M) meeting appearing in a sub-secondary classification,
indicates a whorl in the figures being considered, since only a whorl can have
meeting tracing .

21.Method of Identification – include those for comparing characteristics (type and

position) of friction ridges, of sweat pores (Sweat gland outlets appearing on friction
ridges like eyes of needles) and of friction ridge edges (straight, projecting, arch,
pocket, table, etc.). Today the ACE-V Method is applied.

22.Magnifier-is a basic piece of equipment for comparing latent prints.

23. Missed individualization- The failure to make an individualization when in fact
both friction ridge impressions are from the same source
24.Major criminal prints - a recording of all of the friction ridge skin that
covers the hands. Major criminal prints include fingers, palms tip of
the fingers and middle joints of the finger on both sides

“N”
1.Numerical – in primary classification, the numerical group is composed
of set of prints containing whorl pattern.

2.Non-numerical - in primary classification, the non-numerical group is

composed of set of prints in which no whorls pattern is present.

3.Numerical value of whorls – designated value of each finger with whorls.

4.Ninhydrin Petroleum Benzine solution - this is applied on printed material, this

method is non distraction of written letters made by bull pen and other ink.

5.Ninhydrant solution - It is use to detect latent fingerprint on absorbent materials,

white wood. Blood stain fingerprint, paper wrapping of cigarette stick.

6Neo SPWA method - applied on wet surface9Plastic bags, metal product and and
smooth surface with no water absorbent

7Nonpigmental Granular dendrocyte - cells that ingest bacteria and foreign debris.

8. Number of possible combination in the primary – there are one thousand and
twenty four (1024) possible combinations of primaries, beginning with “one over
one” and ending with “thirty-two over thirty-two

9. Number of Combinations – twenty five (25) possible combinations which may

appear in the index fingers of the right hand.
10.Neo SPWA method - applied on wet surface9Plastic bags, metal product and and
smooth surface with no water absorbent.
11.ninhydrin: a biochemical reagent used to detect free amino and carboxyl groups
in proteins and peptides; the resulting color is called Ruhemann’s purple
12.Nehemiah Grew -(1641 - 1712) - in 1684, this English physician, botanist
and microscopist published the first scientific paper to describe the ridge
structure of the skin covering the fingers and palms.
13.Number of Combinations – twenty five (25) possible combinations which may
appear in the index fingers of the right hand.
14.Negative evidence—the absence of physical evidence may provide useful
information and even stop defense arguments at the time of trial.
15.Nervous System of the Dermis- A vast network of sensory and autonomic nerve
branches innervates the dermis. The autonomic nerve network is responsible for
controlling blood flow and glandular secretions (sweat).
16. Natural secretions- The natural secretions referred to as being present in
fingerprints (that is, deposited onto the surface FROM the finger / palm / sole) are
produced by three types of glands: the eccrine (sweat) glands; the apocrine glands;
and the sebaceous glands.

“L”
1. Lifted of latent fingerprint - this involves using some adhesive tape
(fingerprint lifting tape0 to remove powdered\develop from a surface.
2. LATENT FINGERPRINT - The chance impression, left on an item,
through the transfer of perspiration and oils, from the friction ridge skin to the
item itself. At times, this transfer can be visible to the naked eye. Most often, it
is invisible to the eye, and chemicals or powders need to be added to the
surface, in order for the latent print to seen, photographed, and lifted. The
word "latent" means hidden and it is these impressions which require the
application of powders of chemicals to make them visible.
3. Live - Scan fingerprint process- this record stores, and transmits fingerprint
digitally.

4.Laser fingerprinting - method to eliminate the mess of inked fingerprint and

also other problem associate.
4. Lycopodium Powder- this is applied on leather bags, it is also using to
develop latent print on human skin with the use of gelatin paper.
6. Lake - is a bifu rcation which does not remain open but witch the legs of the
bifurcation after running alongside for a short distance come together to form
a single ridge one again.
8.Letter of Identification – a letter of identification shall be prepared by
entering
therein such necessary matters as the kind (latent fingerprints, finger seal,
formally
impressed fingerprints, or so) and number of pieces of identification material,
identification process, identification result, identification date and identifier.
9.Liquid Method – effective for developing a latent print from an object such
as paper, wood or metal and to collect a visible fingerprint such as blood
fingerprint. This is a chemical collecting method whose principle is that the
element of the chemical liquid reacts to the element in excreta or blood by
changing color.
10.Light – striking method after having powder adhere to a fingerprint by,
say, lightly striking the object to be examined with a brush tip which
powder has been applied, the fingerprint is developed with another
brush to which no powder is applied or by air blowing with a blower
brush or a spray to remove excess powder; and suitable for
development with a porous or adhesive paper.
11.Loop Type – The pattern may have two or three or four essential
requisites

O
1.Opposed bifurcation - are bifurcation found on both ends of the ridge
2.Overlap - Is where two ridge ends meet and overlap on a bias.
3.Odd Fingers: the odd fingers are 1 (right thumb) 3( right middle Finger) 5
(right little finger) 7 (left index finger) 9 (left ring finger).