A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development

Module
In

LEA 102
Course Code

COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

College of Criminal Justice Education

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
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Module No. 7

1ST Semester AY 2021-2022

JOHNAN M. VILLAVERDE, R. Crim, MSCA

Instructor III

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 7

Cover Page………………………………….…….…………………...…..1

Title Page…………………………………………………………………...2

Table of Contents………………………………………………..….…..3

Instruction to the User…………………………………………..…….…….….….4

Introduction………………………………….……..……………………………...…..5

Overview………….……………………………….…………………...….….……..….6

Learning Outcomes………………………………………………...………….…....6

TIME ALLOTMENT………………………………………………..…….……...….6

What Do you know About? (PRE-TEST) …………………..…..............….7

DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………8-12

Let’s Do It (ACTIVITY)………………….…………………………..………..……13

Try What You Have Learned (QUIZ)……………….…………..………....…14

References……………………………………………………………………….…..….15

Privacy Notice for Module…………………………………..……….…….….….16

Back Cover (Vision. Mission, Core Values) …………………..…….……...17

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INSTRUCTION TO THE USER

This module would provide you an educational experience while independently

accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as well to ensure that
learning is unhampered by health and other challenges. It covers the topic about
Three (3) Different Policing Models in the World; Philippines, USA, and United
Kingdom (UK).

Reminders in using this module:

1. Keep this material neat and intact.

2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be
learned about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for
better understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social
media platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly
answering and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort
were spent in the preparation in order that learning will still continue
amidst this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.

Hi! I’m Blue Bee, your WPU Mascot.

Welcome to Western Philippines University!

Shape your dreams with quality learning experience.

STAY SAFE AND HEALTHY!

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INTRODUCTION

The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a
community, now chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and
prevent and detect crime. This course is indeed important as it helps us as future
professionals to demonstrate a service orientation in one’s profession, gives us the ability to
participate in various types of employment. Furthermore, it helps colleges when it comes to
development of activities, and public discourses particularly in response to the needs of the
communities one serves. Lastly, it helps the Universities to have the ability to participate in
the generation of new knowledge or in research and development projects.
This module will provide you and educational experience while independently
accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as well ensure that learning is
unhampered by health and other challenges.

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CHAPTER 7

POLICING MODELS IN THE WORLD

(Philippines, USA, United Kingdom)

OVERVIEW
Approaches of both community policing and traditional policing models differ in a variety
of ways. The characteristics of the policing models are quite different from each other, and
community based policing was considered laughable when suggested for the new approach
in the early 1970s.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, the students can:

 draw or matrix the comparative models in terms of an organizational name, agency,

entrance age, retirement age, minimum ranks, highest ranks, and minimum ranks.

TIME ALLOTMENT
 3 weeks (9 hours)

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MODULE 7

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT?

Instruction: Read and analyze each item carefully, then choose the correct letter of
answer.

1. Before, the administration and supervision over the Metropolitan Police Service was
under Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA), but it is now under the?
A. Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPC)
B. National Bureau of Investigation
C. DILG
D. Governor’s Office

2. A state police has to retire from the service when they reach the mandatory
retirement age of?
A. 65
B. 54
C. 51
D. 55

3. What is the name of the police organization in the Philippines?

A. Philippine National Police
B. Philippine Constabulary
Integrated National Police
D. Pulis Pangkalawakan

4. R.A 6975 is known as?

A. Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998
B. Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990
C. Philippine Constitution
D. Department of the local and interior government Act of 1990

5. What is the Minimum Educational Qualification of State Police?

A. High School Grad
B. at 72 units
C. Bachelor’s Degree in Accredited University
D. Baccalaureate Degree

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DISCUSSION

PHILIPPINES

NAME OF POLICE ORGANIZATION-

Philippine National Police (PNP).

HISTORY
Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act 6975, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990 paved the way for a new era for Philippine Law Enforcement as the
law ordered the total merger of both Philippine Constabulary (PC) AND Integrated
National Police (INP) and formally created the Philippine National Police. R.A 6975 was
further amended by R.A 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998, and by R.A 9708. The R.A 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community and
service oriented agency.

On June 14, 2019, the PNP announced that the Counter Intelligence Task Force will be
replaced with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group.

ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION

It is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) and is
part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers
are operationally controlled by municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes
trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary (PC) and the
Integrated National Police were emerged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.

MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Baccalaureate Degree

ENTRANCE/ MINIMUM AGE

The PNP conducts regular recruitment programs, depending on the annual budget. The
minimum age requirement for non-commissioned officer (patrolman/patrol woman) is 21
years old.

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RETIREMENT AGE

A police officer has to retire from the PNP when they reach the mandatory retirement age of
56. Any officer may opt to go on non-duty status at most three months before retirement
age so they could prepare the pertinent documents for their retirement. While on this status
they are still considered as part of the police force and retain their ranking.

HIGHEST RANK

Police General (PGEN), it is a 4 star rank (OLD: Police Director General)

LOWEST RANK
Patrolman/Patrolwoman (OLD: PO1)

UNITED KINGDOM, ENGLAND, SCOTLAND

NAME OF POLICE ORGANIZATION-

METROPOLITAN POLICE SERVICE or formerly and still commonly known as
METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE

HISTORY-
The Metropolitan Police Service was founded in1829 by Robert Peel under the Metropolitan
Police ACT 1829 and on 29 September of that year, the first constables of the service
appeared on the streets of London. In 1839, the Marine Police Force, which had been
formed in 1798, was amalgamated into the Metropolitan Police. In 1837, it is also
incorporated with the Bow Street Horse Patrol that had been organized in 1805.

ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION-

Before, the administration and supervision over the Metropolitan Police Service was under
Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA), but it is now under the Mayor’s Office for Policing
and Crime (MOPC)

MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Must be proficient in English and Spanish

ENTRANCE/ MINIMUM AGE

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18 years old

RETIREMENT AGE

A police officer has to retire from the service when they reach the mandatory retirement age
of 57.

HIGHEST RANK

(Police Commissioner)

The Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police is often considered to be the highest police
rank within the United Kingdom.

LOWEST RANK
Police Constable

USA

NAME OF POLICE ORGANIZATION-

State Police

HISTORY-

The Texas Rangers are the earliest form of state law enforcement in the United States,
first organized by Stephen F. Austin in 1823. The original ranger force consisted of ten men
charged with protecting settlers from Native American attacks. Though the rangers of this
era are today considered law enforcement officers, they rarely wore badges and were little
more than volunteers; the Mexican military was officially in charge of law enforcement in
the then-Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. The Rangers later served as a paramilitary force
on the U.S.-Mexico border and in several armed military conflicts, including the Texas
Revolution, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War. They continued to
fill basic law enforcement and frontier protection roles until the close of the "wild west" era.
In the early 1900s, they transformed into a criminal investigative agency. The history and
legacy of the Texas Rangers has spawned numerous depictions in popular culture. The
colloquial image of a Texas Ranger "always [getting] their man" has likewise made the
Rangers a revered and highly competitive agency within law enforcement, with fewer than 1
in 100 applicants being considered for a single position.

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ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION-

Under the “Department of Laws and Public Safety”

MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Bachelor’s Degree in Accredited University

ENTRANCE/ MINIMUM AGE

21

RETIREMENT AGE

A police officer has to retire from the service when they reach the mandatory retirement age
of 55.

HIGHEST RANK
Superintendent (Supt.)

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LET’S DO IT!

ACTIVITY #1 (50 Points)

RUBRICS ON ILLUSTRATION

 The student has successfully showed

ON POINT/ ACCURATE in his/her illustration the difference
25 points of the 3 discussed Police Models in
terms of:
 Highest Rank;
 Lowest Rank;
 Organizational Name;
 Entrance Age; and
 Retirement Age.

The Student shows creativity.

CREATIVE *Colored
15 points *Unique Concept of Illustration

The student’s illustration is erasure-free.

CLEAN
1o points

Instructions
1. DRAW or create an Illustration which you think would show the difference of the 3
above-discussed police models in terms of: Highest and Lowest Rank, Organizational
Name, Entrance and Retirement age;
3. As you finished it, take a Photo of it.
4. Send it in our Google Classroom (Submission Folder H)

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TRY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Instructions: Read and analyze each and every question carefully and then choose the
correct letter of answer. Good Luck!

1. When did the PNP announce that the Counter Intelligence Task Force will be
replaced with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group?
A. October 20, 1998
B. January 13, 2018
C. October 28, 2000
D. June 14, 2019

2. What is the name of the police organization in United Kingdom?

A. Metro manila Police Force
B. Metropolitan Police Service
C. Metropolitan Police Force
D. B and C are correct
3. Before, the administration and supervision over the Metropolitan Police
Service was under Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA), but it is now under
the?
A. Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPC)
B. National Bureau of Investigation
C. DILG
D. Governor’s Office
4. The Administration and Supervision of the State Police is under the?
A. Department of Laws and Public Safety
B. Department of Lawyers and Public Safety
C. Department of Lawlessness and Public Safety
D. Department of Laws and Public water Safety
5. A state police has to retire from the service when they reach the mandatory
retirement age of?
A. 65
B. 54
C. 51
D. 55
6. What is the Minimum Educational Qualification of State Police?
A. High School Grad
B. at 72 units
C. Bachelor’s Degree in Accredited University
D. Baccalaureate Degree
7. What is the name of the police organization in the Philippines?
A. Philippine National Police
B. Philippine Constabulary
C. Integrated National Police
D. Pulis Pangkalawakan

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8. R.A 6975 is known as?

A. Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998
B. Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990
C. Philippine Constitution
D. Department of the local and interior government Act of 1990
9. R.A 6975 was further amended by?
A. R.A 7610
B. R.A 7160
C. R.A 8553
D. R.A 8551
10. Police Organization of USA is known as?
A. State police
B. Police State
C. METROPOLITAN POLICE SERVICE

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REFERENCES

Oscar Gatchalian Soriano, Lani Tang Palmones. Comparative Police System UK, US, Asian
Countries and Philippines, Diego Printing Press Company.

Dr. Mario A. Garcia (2011). Comparative Police System, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

Gilbert C. San Diego, Charles T. Calima, Jr., Rommel K. Manwong, (2012). Compendium on
Criminal Justice Education, Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

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Congratulations for completing this module!

Privacy Notice for this Module

We collect your name, program, year and section, contact number, email address,
Facebook and messenger account when you submit your printed module for
purposes of coordination.

All personal information collected will be stored in a secure location and only staff
will have access to them.

Student’s Information

Name:
Program:
Year and Section:
Contact No.:
E-mail address:
Facebook Account:
Messenger Account:

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Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
development of West Philippines and beyond.

Mission
WPU commits to develop quality human resource and green
technologies for a dynamic economy and sustainable
development through relevant instruction,
research and extension services.

Core Values (3CT)

Culture of Excellence
Commitment
Creativity
Teamwork

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