Kaur G, Choudhary G, Band and Loop, SPR, 2022, volume 2, issue 4, page no.

: 721-726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.157

Case Report ISSN: 2635-0955

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.157

Band and Loop : A Case Report

Gurkiran Kaur1*, Garima Choudhary1
1
Postgraduate student, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and
Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India

*Corresponding Author: Gurkiran Kaur, Postgraduate student, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry,
Genesis institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
Email: gurkiran555@gmail.com

Submission Date: 16/10/2022 Acceptance Date: 19/11/2022 Published Date: 23/12/2022

ABSTRACT
Space maintainers are essential in cases of premature loss of primary dentition to prevent malposition, super-
eruption, or crowding of the developing permanent teeth. Most important function of space maintainers is to
maintain the mesio-distal relationship in a given arch.The band and loop space maintaineris used inmajority of
patients requiring single tooth space maintenance in both primary and mixed dentitions. It preserves the
proximaldimensions, but it is non-functional. This paper describes case report of conventional band and loop
space maintainer.Basically, most of the space maintainers are applied in four steps namely band finding, taking
the impression, fabrication of space maintainer, and finally cementation.The band and loop space maintainer is
indicated for the premature loss of single, unilateral or bilateral maxillary or mandibular primary molars. Band
and loop space maintainer adjusts easily to accommodate changing dentition. However,it does not aid in
mastication and will not prevent the continued eruption of the opposing teeth. Although it is easier to construct,
economical, and consumes less chair side time, it fails to restore the occlusal function of the lost tooth.

Keywords: Band and loop; Space maintainer; unilateral or bilateral; maxillary or mandibular

INTRODUCTION
Primary dentition preserves space for permanentteeth
and maintains arch integrity. Early loss of primary
teeth may lead to compromise in the eruption of
succedaneum teeth if there is areduction in the arch
length.The most common impairment in permanent
dentition configuration include crowding, supra-
eruption of theopposing dentition, and impaction Space
maintainers guide the eruption of the permanent teeth
and obviate the need for complex orthodontic treatment
later. An ideal space maintainer should maintain the
entire space on mesiodistally that was created after loss
of the primitive teeth. It should also allow adequate
oral hygiene, permit normal growth and adjustment of
the developing permanent teeth, and top recent1-7.

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opposing teeth supra-eruption and undue stresson
adjoining teeth.They are broadly classified according
totheir fixation pattern (i.e.fixed, semi-fixed,
orremovable), their construction (e.g. with or without
loops,wires, and/or bands), their laterality (i.e.
unilateral or bilateral), and their site (i.e. on mandibular
or maxillary arches). Basically, most of the space
maintainers are applied in four steps namely band
finding, taking the impression, fabrication of space
maintainer, and finally cementation.The band and loop
space maintainer is indicated for the premature loss of
single, unilateral or bilateral maxillary or mandibular
primary molars. Band and loop space maintainer
adjusts easily to accommodate changing dentition.
However,it does not aid in mastication and will not
prevent the continued eruption of the opposing teeth.
Although it is easier to construct, economical, and
consumes less chair side time, it fails to restore the
occlusal function of the lost tooth7-8.
Technique of Fabrication of the Band and Loop Space
Maintainer:
Step1:
(a) Select and fit a band on the abutment tooth.Bands
are tried over theabutment tooth until one can be nearly
seated on the tooth with finger pressure and to gain an
appropriate finalocclusal and gingival dimension.
Utilization of band pusher and band biter is
accomplished.
(b) A properly placed band is seated approximately 1
mm below the mesial and distal marginal ridges.
Step 2:
Next, make an impression of band and edentulous area
with alginate impression material with use of
perforated tray so that impression material can flow in
perforations and can prevent distortion of impression
when it is removed.
Step 3:
Next, stabilize the band in impression in the correct
position.
Step 4:
The impression is poured in dental stone with band in
place; the cast is separated.
Step 5:
The wire is shaped into a loop and is well contoured to
fit the band and alveolar ridge.
How to Bend a Loop:
Requirements:
1. The loop should parallel the edentulous ridge 1 mm
off the gingival tissue and must rest against the
Citation:Kaur G, Choudhary G, Band and Loop, SPR, 2022, volume 2, issue 4, page no.: 721-726.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.157
adjacenttooth at the contact point. Faciolingual
dimension of loop should be approximately 8 mm.
2. The required dimensions must be included in
fabrication to allow the permanent tooth to erupt freely
but not impinge on the buccal mucosa or tongue.
3. The fabricated loop should not restrict any
physiological tooth movement such as increase in
interchained width which occurs during eruption of
permanent lateral incisors.
Step 6:
After fabrication of loop, it is soldered to the band.
The appliance is trimmed and polished.
Adjustment: After fabrication of band and loop it
should be fitted and adjusted accordingly.
Step 7:
Cementation: Band should be cemented onto dry, clean
tooth with glass-ionomercement.
Step 8:
Patient recall visits: The patient is recalled every 6
months to check that appliance is working as per
requirements as well as to check for fit of appliance
and also that the cement has not washed out with also
taking care of condition ofabutment tooth.
Step 9:
Indication of removal: Eruption of permanent tooth is
easily recognized indication of removal of space
maintainer.
Case Report
A 6-year-oldmale patient reported to the Department of
Pedodontics with a chief complaint of pain in the lower
right back tooth region. History of difficulty in
mastication was also
reported. The right mandibular deciduous first molar
was carious with the resorption of more than 2/3rd of
its roots and hence had to be extracted. Model analysis
was done. There was no space loss; hence, it was
planned to maintain space with the band and loop space
maintainer in relation to 84. After extraction, the socket
is successfully healed without any complications. Band
adaptation done w.r.t 85 and loop is fabricated w.r.t 84.
After fabrication of loop, it is soldered to the band.The
appliance is trimmed and polished.Band should be
cemented onto dry, clean tooth with glass ionomer
cement (Fig no.1-6).Patient was recalled after three
months, and it was found that there was no soft tissue
irritation or dislodgement of the appliance (Figure 7-8).
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 Figure 1. 6-year-old patient reported to department

Figure 2. Preoperative side views

Figure 3. Preoperative frontal view

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Citation:Kaur G, Choudhary G, Band and Loop, SPR, 2022, volume 2, issue 4, page no.: 721-726.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.157
Figure 4. Preoperative mandibular arch

Figure 5. Preoperative maxillary arch

Figure 6 : Healing of Socket

 Figure 8. Follow up after 3 months

Discussion

The premature loss of teeth is an unfortunate

occurrence. The knowledge of using the
appropriateappliance at the right time is an important
aspect of space maintenance treatment planning.
However, no space maintainer fulfils the ideal
requirements. Band and loop appliance is a versatile
space maintainer formaintaining space due to
premature loss of a single tooth. It has shown good
success rates.It should also be simple, not interfere
withnormal occlusal adjustments, or restrict normal
growth and development. Direct visualization of the
eruption of the successor ispossible.
Figure 7. Occlusal and buccal
views of
cemented band and loop space maintainer Conclusion
w.r.t 84 Space maintenance is essential in cases ofpremature
loss of primary dentition to preventmalposition,
supra-eruption, or crowding of thedeveloping
permanent teeth. Thebandand loop space maintainer
described in this report will be agood choice for use
in premature loss of a single tooth in very young
children.

Ethic Statements and Declarations

All authors certify that they have no affiliations
with or involvement in any organization with any
financial interest or non-financial interest in the
subject matter discussed in this manuscript.

Funding

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Conflict of interest
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All Authors import no conflict of interest. And Diagnostic Research, vol. 7, no. 10, pp.
2402–2405,2013.
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Citation:Kaur G, Choudhary G, Band and Loop, SPR, 2022, volume 2, issue 4, page no.: 721-726.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2022.157