Correlations by Frank Kreith

FOR CYLINDERS

where Nu(Ɵ) is local heat transfer coefficient at Ɵ (angular position of forward portion of
cylinder).

A correlation for a cylinder at uniform temperature Ts in cross-flow of liquids and gases:

Where Prn and m are given in table shown below. If Pr < 10, n = 0.37 and if Pr > 10, n = 0.36.

For cylinders that are not normal to the flow,

where and yaw angle, Ɵ , is the angle between the direction of flow and the
cylinder axis, for example, Ɵ = 90° for cross-flow. Above equation is valid from ReN = 2500 up to
the critical Reynolds number which is mentioned in the table.
 In the range 2*105 <ReD < 106, the Nusselt number is independent of yaw angle and is given by:

For heat transfer from a cylinder in cross-flow of liquid metals :

for 1 < ReD*Pr < 100.

For cylinders with noncircular cross sections in gases,

where B and ReD are given in table

For (L/D) < 4 and (7 * 104 ) < ReD < (2.2 * 105)

FOR SPHERES

In the Reynolds number range from about 25 to 100000, the equation for calculating the average
heat transfer coefficient for spheres heated or cooled by a gas is
 For Reynolds numbers between 1.0 and 25, the equation becomes

and can be used for heat transfer in a gas. For heat transfer in
liquids as well as gases, the equation, for 3.5 < ReD < 7.6 * 104 and 0.7 < Pr < 380.

In the case of heat transfer from a sphere to a liquid metal, for in the range 3.6 * 104 < ReD < 2
*105.

FOR BLUFF BODIES

Heat transfer coefficient in the separated wake region behind a flat plate of width D placed
perpendicular to the flow and a half-round cylinder of diameter D over Reynolds numbers between
1 and 4 * 105 and found that the following equations correlated the mean heat transfer results in air:

For normal flat plate:

For half-round cylinder with flat rear surface:

FOR TUBE BUNDLES IN CROSS FLOW

Correlation equation for predicting the mean heat transfer from tube banks for 10 or more rows and
Re of order 104 and 0.7 < Pr < 500.

For in-line tubes in the laminar flow range 10 < ReD <100:
For staggered tubes in the laminar flow range 10 < ReD <100:

In the transition regime, 103 < ReD < 2 * 105 and in-line banks with ST/SL = 0.7:

For staggered banks with ST/SL < 2,

For staggered banks with ST/SL ≥ 2,

For turbulent behavior, m > 0.84, correlations are given as:

For staggered rows with Pr > 1 :

For staggered rows with Pr = 0.7 :

FOR LIQUID METALS

The average heat transfer coefficients in the interior of the tube bank are correlated by the equation, in
the range of 20000 < ReD < 80000 and Pr = 0.017 :