MEC610 | FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING & ANALYSIS| OCT 2022 – FEB 2023

ASSIGNMENT 1

Name : NUR NISRIENA BINTI MOHD ZUFRI Student : 2021478156

ID
Name : AIZAT TAQIUDDIN BIN MAZWAN Student : 2021483474
ID
Name : MUHAMMAD NURUDIN IMAN BIN GHANI Student : 2021823758
ID

Group : EMD5M4C

A two-storey hall to be constructed with the main structure of steel framing system. The
system will provide a cost-effective solution for low-rise buildings. They have high strength-
to-weight ratios and can be prefabricated and custom-designed. Three different types of
beams to be considered which are I-beam, hollow sections, and C-channel. Analyze all three
options and discuss your findings. A uniform load of 50 – 100 kN/m is applied on the second
floor as shown in Figure A1. Your answers should consist of a complete finite element
model, results, and discussions.

Description:
Type Standard (Depth x Width x Kgs/m) Material
Universal I-beam 356 x 171 x 51kg Structural Steel
Rectangular Hollow Section 300 x 200 x 8 x 59.1kg Structural Steel
C-Channel 380 x 100 x 54.0kg Mild Steel

Figure A1
References: https://esteels.co.uk
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 1–4

2.0 RESULT 5 – 10
3.0 DISCUSSION 11 – 12
4.0 CONCLUSION 12
5.0 REFERENCES 12
1.0 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

Geometry
Sketching

Page | 1
 TYPE OF CROSS SECTION AND MATERIAL USED

(1)
Universal I-beam and
Structural Steel

(2)
Rectangular Hollow
Section and Structural
Steel

Page | 2
 (3)
C-Channel and Mild Steel

Page | 3
 LINE PRESSURE AND FIXED SUPPORT

Line Pressure

Fixed Support

Page | 4
2.0 RESULT

(1) UNIVERSAL I-BEAM AND STRUCTURAL STEEL

Total Deformation

Direct Stress

Minimum Combine
Stress

Page | 5
Maximum Combine
Stress

Force Reaction

Page | 6
 (2) RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTION AND STRUCTURAL STEEL

Total Deformation

Direct Stress

Minimum Combine
Stress

Page | 7
Maximum Combine
Stress

Force Reaction

Page | 8
 (3) C-CHANNEL AND MILD STEEL

Total Deformation

Direct Stress

Minimum Combine
Stress

Page | 9
Maximum Combine
Stress

Force Reaction

Page | 10
3.0 DISCUSSION

From the result it shows three different types of cross section and material used. Firstly, for an I-
beam is a beam with an I or H shape cross-section. It is also referred to as an H-beam, W-beam,
universal beam, rolled steel joist or double-T. Flanges make up the I’s horizontal parts, and the
“web” makes up its vertical portion. I-beams are commonly used in building and civil
engineering and are composed of structural steel. For the I- beams, the material use is structural
steel. Structural steel are they are very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area and thus can
support a high load without excessive sagging. The uniform load was 80 kN/m applied. The
cross section of the I-beam is for the width 0.1715m, depth 0.3556m, space between fillets
0.3116m, web 0.0073m, and flange 0.0115mm. While from the result, the maximum total
deformation is 0.060856m. The minimum direct stress and maximum direct stress are -
1.6569×108 Pa and 3.9921×106 Pa. The maximum and minimum for the minimum combine
stress are -1.616×105 Pa -5.1279×108 Pa. The maximum and minimum for the maximum
combine stress are 4.4451×108 Pa and - 1.3915×108 Pa.

Next for Rectangular Hollow Section, more frequently appertained to as RHS, is arguably the
strongest concave section with the largest quantum of functionality. It is a veritably popular
choice amongst builders and others completing high functioning structural or mechanical
systems. RHS’ clean lines make it a good architectural material as well, so there's an aesthetic
benefit to it as well as a practical bone. Compared to open sections, blockish and square
structural concave sections have profitable advantages as well as great resistance to torsion and
buckling. For the material use in RHS is structural steel. Structural steel is a type of steel that's
used as a construction material and was designed to have a good strength or weight rate which is
to be cost-effective to be served as a structural element such as structures and roads. The cross
section of the RHS is for the width (W1) 0.2m, depth (W2) 0.3m, flange (t1, t2, t3 and t4)
0.008m. While from the result obtained, the maximum total deformation is 0.071612m. The
minimum direct stress and maximum direct stress are 4.7432×106 Pa and -1.2591×108 Pa. The
maximum and minimum for the minimum combine stress are 6.4162×105 Pa -5.4111×108 Pa.
The maximum and minimum for the maximum combine stress are 4.8872×108 Pa and -
8.7661×107 Pa.

Page | 11
 Lastly, for the C-channel beams, the material use is mild steel. Mild steels are high in tensile
strength, impact strength and excellent ductility and weldability. The uniform load applied was
80 k N/m is applied. The cross section of the C-channel is for the rounded width (W1, W2) 0.1m,
depth (W3) 0.38m, flange (t1, t2) 0.0175m and for web (t3) 0.0095m. While from the result, the
maximum total deformation is 0.80713m. The minimum direct stress and maximum direct stress
are 7.4908×106 Pa and -1.3892×108 Pa. The maximum and minimum for the minimum combine
stress are 6.9322×105 Pa -2.7066×109 Pa. The maximum and minimum for the maximum
combine stress are 2.7062×109 Pa and -1.1002×108 Pa.

4.0 CONCLUSION

From the result that we got from the simulation, the cross section that are suggesting is I beam
while material is structural steel used for the construction. This is because it has lower total
deformation, lower maximum combined stress. Thus, is because structure that have high
deformation can cause breakage and causing destruction to the building. The price for the metal
is also cheaper because the weight is lower than others.

5.0 REFERENCES

1) Andreas Velling. (2020, January 24). Mild Steel – All You Need to Know. Fractory.
https://fractory.com/what-is-mild-steel/
2) Rectangular Hollow Sections. (2022). Retrieved from bakersteeltrading:
https://www.bakersteeltrading.co.uk/hollow-sections/rectangular-hollow-sections/
3) Yena. (n.d.). A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO STRUCTURAL STEEL. Retrieved
from Yenaengineering: https://yenaengineering.nl/a-comprehensive-guide-to-structural-
steel-2/
4) Yena. (n.d.). What Is an I Beam and What Are Its 3 Advantages? Retrieved from
Yenaengineering: https://yenaengineering.nl/what-is-an-i-beam-and-what-are-its-
advantages

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