Aluminium oxide is formed on the surface of liquid aluminium when it is exposed to air

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Mould Filling
 EQUATION OF CONTINUITY AND THE MOMENTUM EQUATION

We determined velocity distributions for some simple flow systems by

applying differential momentum balances

What we have learnt? Illustrate the application of the momentum equation

and the Newton’s Law of Viscosity

We can also solve problems by starting with general expressions. This

method is better than developing formulations peculiar to the specific
problem at hand.

The general momentum equation is also called the Equation of Motion or the Navier-
Stokes' Equation; in addition the Equation of Continuity is frequently used in
conjunction with the momentum equation.
Equation of continuity Consider the stationary volume
element within a fluid moving with a
velocity having the components vx , vy ,
and vz , as shown in Fig. 2.4. We begin
with the basic representation of the
conservation of mass:

( rate of mass accumulation) = ( rate

of mass in) – ( rate of mass out)
(2.42)
=
y-component of the momentum equation

z-component of the momentum equation

Eq. 2.55 represents the general expression for the Law of Conservation of Momentum.
We have to use this expression for the determination of velocity distributions.
For this shear stresses have to be substituted by velocity gradients and fluid properties.
For Newtonian Fluids, nine components of  are written as follows:
These equations constitute a more general statement of Newton's law of viscosity than that given in Eq.
(1.2), and apply to complex flow situations. When the fluid flows between two parallel plates in the x-
direction so that is a function of y alone, where they-direction is perpendicular to the plates' surfaces
then Eqs.(2.56)-(2.61) yield
Second term on the right hand side and using Eq, (2.56) – general statement of Newton’s
law of viscosity

ZERO – from the Equation of continuity for

an incompressible fluid