REI N FORCED CONCRET E DE SIGN

MODULE 1.2:
FLEXURE ON BEAMS

BY: ROLLS GRANT VASQUEZ

CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
1.2A : FLEXURE ON BEAMS CONCEPT

BY: ROLLS GRANT VASQUEZ

CIVIL/STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
 FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS
CONCEPT OF BENDING AND STAGES OFLOADING

A. UNCRACKED STAGE
At small loads when the tensile stresses are less than the modulus of rupture (the bending tensile stress
at which the concrete begins to crack), the entire cross section of the beam resists bending, with
compression on one side and tension on the other.

B. CRACKED STAGE (WORKING STRESS DESIGN)

As the load is increased after the modulus of rupture of the concrete is exceeded, cracks begin to
develop in the bottom of the beam. The moment at which these cracks begin to form—that is, when the
tensile stress in the bottom of the beam equals the modulus of rupture—is referred to as the cracking
moment, Mcr. Service Loads/Actual Loads are used.

C. COLLAPSED STAGE (ULTIMATE STRESS DESIGN)

As the load is increased further so that the compressive stresses are greater than 0.50fc’, the tensile
cracks move farther upward, as does the neutral axis, and the concrete compression stresses begin to
change appreciably from a straight line. For this initial discussion, it is assumed that the reinforcing bars
have yielded.

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 BEAM SECTION DETAIL and BAR LAYOUT
GENERAL NOTES

b eccf – extreme concrete compression fiber

Concrete cover (cc) – NSCP 2015 420.6.1.3
under normal condition if not exposed,
eccf • Column/beam, cc ≧ 40 mm
• Slabs/wall, cc ≧ 20 mm
• footings, cc ≧ 75mm
d, effective depth

ds – diameter of stirrups db – diameter of rebars

ds = dia. ofstirrups
Concrete spacing (cs) – NSCP 2015425.2.1

*Use largest of
As the following

d b /2
cc Effective depth, d –distance from eccf to center of rebar

cc cs db= dia. of main bars d =h –cc –ds - db/2

(concrete cover)
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 BEAM SECTION DETAIL and BAR LAYOUT
CLEAR SPACING
b
(N – number of rebars)

eccf
If cs <csmin: • Bundle
d, effective depth

• Double Layer
• Change Bar Diameter
• Change Beam Width
ds = dia. ofstirrups

As

d b /2
cc
db= dia. of main bars
cc cs
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 BEAM SECTION DETAIL and BAR LAYOUT

b
DOUBLE LAYER:

𝑏−2𝑐𝑐−2𝑑𝑠−𝑑𝑏(𝑁−1)
GENERAL : 𝑐𝑠 =
𝑁−1

𝑏−2𝑐𝑐−2𝑑𝑠−𝑁𝑑𝑏
d2 2nd Layer: : 𝑐𝑠 =
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
d
𝐴1𝑁1𝑑1+𝐴2𝑁2𝑑2
d1 Use Varignon’s Theorem for d: d=
𝐴1𝑁1+𝐴2𝑁2

Sample Computation for d1 and d2

vcs ≧ 25mm
d1=h-cc-ds-db/2
d2=d1-db-vcs

cc cs db
(concrete cover)
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BEAM SECTION DETAIL and BAR LAYOUT
BUNDLED BARS

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BEAM SECTION DETAIL and BAR LAYOUT

MINIMUM DEPTH, NSCP 2015409.3.1.1

One End Both End One End

Simply Supported Continuous Continuous Continuous

One End
Continuous Cantilever Cantilever

• Simply Supported l n /1 6 l n is clear span

• One End Continuous l n/18. 5

• Both End Continuous l n/ 2 1

Note that for beams reinforced with fy <420 MPa, multiply values by (0.4 +
• Cantilever l n /8 (fy/700))

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