Carl Rogers is one of the most prominent personalities of humanistic psychology.

The school of
humanistic psychology was founded in the 1950s-1960s in response to psychoanalysis and behavioral
patterns. Environmental factors are formed. However, humanists put human consciousness in the
center of attention, they emphasized on human freedom, will and right to choose, and they considered
the possibility of self-actualization and realization of their potential abilities.

Rogers was one of the humanists who emphasized client-centered treatment methods. He developed
his theory based on working with his clients. He believed that in order to examine human actions, it is
necessary to pay attention to the type of understanding and perception of the individual in reality, in
terms of In other words, each person, in a special and unique way, understands and receives the
experiences around him, and finally, the set of perceptions of the individual leads to the formation of
self-concept. (Pervin and Jan, 1386: 140) Although self-concept does not directly determine people's
behavior, it causes certain behavioral actions in people through self-phenomenon and perception, in the
sense that a person always acts based on self-concept perceptions. He evaluates his experiences, and
designs his behaviors in a way that is consistent with his self-concept.

Therefore, the self and continuous personality changes are considered key concepts in Rogers' theory.
The ideal self means what a person wants to become, if the ideal self is on the same side as the real self,
the level of satisfaction with life will be high. His self-concept compares, he always aims to behave in a
way that is in harmony with his self-concept, and in case of inconsistency with it, the person feels
threatened, causing tension and anxiety in him.

Rogers believed that man has a good nature by nature and if he receives full love and attention, he
prefers good over evil. which has a concept close to self-actualization, in a definition it means the
highest level of mental health. (Schultz: 376) The self-concept of a person who has a full function is close
to the ideal self, and a person, relying on free will, actualizes his inherent abilities. According to Rogers'
theory, a fully functioning human being has the following characteristics:

1- Increased organismic trust, 2- Freedom of choice, 3- Reliability and productivity, 4- Full and rich life, 5-
Increasing openness to experiences, 6- Optimum development. (Rogers: 1961)