CHM271

CHM271 PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

TUTORIAL 1
THERMOCHEMISTRY

Prepared by: Rosmawati Abdul Aziz, Northaqifah Hasna Mohamed Khir

Exothermic & Endothermic

QUESTION 1

Distinguish between exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction.

QUESTION 2

Identify the following processes as exothermic or endothermic. Briefly explain.

a) Dissolving solid KBr in water

b) Burning natural gas (CH4) in a furnace
c) Cooking an egg
d) Decomposition of HgO to Hg and O2
e) Melting solid salt

QUESTION 3

Reaction between methane and chlorine is:

CH4(g) + 2Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + 2H2(g)

and given ;

ΔHf˚ CCl4 (l) = –128.4 kJ/mol,

ΔHf˚ CH4(g) = -75kJ/mol

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Sketch the energy profile diagram for the
reaction.
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Enthalpy and Enthalpy Change

QUESTION 1

Define the following terms:

a) Standard enthalpy of combustion

b) Standard enthalpy of formation
c) Standard enthalpy of reaction

QUESTION 2

Write a balance equation for the following reactions:

a) Standard enthalpy of formation of propanol, C3H7OH

b) Standard enthalpy of combustion of liquid ethanol, C2H5OH
c) Standard enthalpy of formation of glucose, C6H12O6
d) Standard enthalpy of combustion of octane, C8H18

QUESTION 3

Given the following H values,

H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(l) H = -285.8 kJ H2O2(l) → H2(g) + O2(g) H = 187.6 kJ

Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation for the reaction:

H2O2(l) → H2O(l) + ½O2(g)

QUESTION 4

Use data from Appendix 3, compute the H rxn for the following reaction:

a) H2O(l) + CO2 (aq) → H2CO3 (aq)

b) H3PO4(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → 3H2O(l) + PO4-3 (aq)
c) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2H2O(g) + CO2 (g)
d) 2CH4 (g) + 3O2 (g) → 4H2O(g) + 2CO(g)

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Calorimetry

QUESTION 1

Define the following terms:

a) Specific heat capacity of a substance
b) Heat capacity of a substance

QUESTION 2

Given the specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18 J/gK. Calculate the energy required to
heat 1.0 mok of water from 298K to 362 K.

QUESTION 3

A 1 g sample of octane (C8H18) is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 1200 grams of

water at an initial temperature of 25.00 oC. After the reaction, the final temperature of the
water is 33.20ºC. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 837 J g- 1K-1. The specific heat of
water is 4.184 Jg-1K-1 . Calculate the heat of combustion of octane in kJ/mol.

QUESTION 4

1.922 g methanol (CH3OH) was burned in a constant-volume bomb calorimeter. Consequently,

the temperature of the water rose by 4.20 °C. If the quantity of water surrounding the
calorimeter was exactly 2000 g and the heat capacity of the calorimeter was 2.02 kJ°C-1,
calculate the molar heat of combustion of methanol. Assume the specific heat capacity of
CH3OH is 4.184 Jg-1°C-1. (Relative atomic mass of C=12; 0=16; H=1)

QUESTION 5

The molar mass of enthalpy of combustion of glucose, C6H12O6 is -2803 kJ. A mass of 1.00 g
glucose is combusted in a bomb calorimeter. If the calorimeter contains 875 g H2O and the
bomb has a heat capacity of 475 JoC-1, what is the temperature increase of the bomb
calorimeter? The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J K-1 g-1 and the molar mass of glucose
is 180.2 g mol-1.

QUESTION 6

The heat of combustion of liquid ethylene glycol, C2H6O2 is -1189.2 kJ/mol. In an experiment
4.34 g of this compound was burnt completely and the heat evolved raised the temperature of
y g of water from 27.5 oC to 45.5 oC. [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1°C -1]

a) Write the thermochemical equation for the heat of combustion of C2H6O2(l)

b) Calculate the value of y (mass of water used)
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QUESTION 7

The heat evolved from the combustion of 0.94g ethanol raises the temperature of 250 cm 3
water contained in a copper beaker by 20.0 °C. [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.18 Jg-1
°C-1; density of solution = 1.0 g cm-3]

a) What is the enthalpy of combustion per mol of ethanol?

b) Calculate the temperature rise when 1.50 g ethanol is used to heat 500 cm3 water
in the same copper beaker.

Hess’s Law

QUESTION 1

State the Hess’s Law.

QUESTION 2

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction:

C4H4 (g) + H2 (g) → C2H6 (g)

Given the following data:

i. C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) ΔHo = - 1410.9 kJ

ii. 2 C2H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔHo = - 3119.4 kJ
iii. 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l) ΔH = - 571.6 kJ
o

QUESTION 3

Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction,

C2H2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → C2H6 (g)

Given that:
i. 2 C2H2 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) ΔHo = - 2599 kJ
ii. 2 C2H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔHo = - 3119 kJ
iii. 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l) ΔHo = - 572 kJ

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QUESTION 4

The enthalpy of combustion of methane is -891 kJmol-1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation
of methane if the enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide and water are -394 kJmol-1 and
-286 kJmol-1 respectively. Chemical equation for formation of methane:

C(s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g)

Given,

i. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → 2H2O(l) + CO2(g) ΔH = -891 kJmol-1

ii. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH = -394 kJmol-1
iii. H2(g) + ½ O2 → H2O ΔH = -286 kJmol-1

QUESTION 5

Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid methanol, CH3OH(l), using the following
information:

C (graphite) + 2H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) → CH3OH(l)

Given:

i. C (graphite) + O2 → CO2(g) ΔHo = -393.5 kJ/mol

ii. H2(g) + ½ O2 → H2O(l) ΔHo = -285.8 kJ/mol
iii. CH3OH(l) + 3/2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔHo = -726.4 kJ/mol

QUESTION 6

Calculate ΔH for this reaction:

CH4(g) + NH3(g) → HCN(g) + 3H2(g)

Given:

i. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) →2 NH3(g) ΔH = -91.8 kJ

ii. C(s) + 2 H2(g) → CH4(g) ΔH = -74.9 kJ
iii. H2(g) + 2 C(s) + N2(g) → 2 HCN(g) ΔH = +270.3 kJ

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 APPENDIX 3
Standard Thermodynamic Values at 25.0 C (298.15 K)

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