CARBOHYDRATES LDL INTERPRETATION

Near / Above Optimal 100-129 mg/dL

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DIABETES MELLITUS Borderline 130-159 mg/dL
High 160-189 mg/dL
Random Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL + symptoms (3Ps) Very High ≥ 190 mg/dL
Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL
2-H Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an OGTT
LDL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION
↑ LDL: ↓ HDL
CATEGORIES OF FASTIING BLOOD GLUCOSE ≥ 160 mg/dL with ≤ 1 RF
≥ 130 mg/dL with ≥ 2 RF
Normal fasting glucose <110 m/dL ≥ 100 mg/dL with CHD or risk equivalent
Impaired fasting glucose (Pre-DM) 111-125 m/dL HDL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION
Provisional Diabetes Dx ≥ 126 mg/dL < 40 mg/dL

CATEGORIES OF ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (OGT) HDL INTERPRETATION

Glucose should be regulated by insulin in under 2hr after eating High risk for CHD < 35 mg/dL
High HDL (protective) ≥ 60 mg/dL
Normal glucose tolerance 2-H PG <140 m/dL
Impaired glucose tolerance 2-H PG 140-199 m/dL HDL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION
Provisional Diabetes Dx 2-H PG ≥ 200 mg/dL HIGH ≥ 60 mg/dL
LOW <100 mg/dL

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR GESTATIONAL DM

1. 1-H Plasma Glucose ≥ 400 mg/dL during an OGTT +

symptoms (100 g glucose load) ADULT REFERENCES
CONVERSION
REFERENCE
2. 3-H Plasma Glucose (75 g in practice) ANALYTE FACTOR
RANGE
Fasting (8-14 hrs) > 95 m/dL (mmol/L)
TOTAL
1 hr ≥ 180 m/dL CHOLESTEROL
140-220 mg/dL 0.026
2 hrs ≥ 155 mg/dL HDL
40-75 mg/dL
3 hrs ≥ 140 mg/dL CHOLESTEROL
LDL
50-130 mg/dL
CHOLESTEROL
TAG 60-150 mg/dL 0.011
CSF Glucose: Reference Value
Adult 40-70 mg/dL PROTEINS
Pediatric 60-80 mg/dL
REFERECE RANGES FOR SERUM/PLASMA PROTEIN
TOTAL PROTEIN – SERUM, PLASMA
LIPIDS ADULT 6.5-8.3 g/dL (65-83 g/L)
Recumbent Position 6.0-7.8 g/dL (60-78 g/L)
REFERENCE VALUE ALBUMIN – SERUM, PLASMA
Normal <150 mg/dL ADULT 3.5-5.5 g/dL (35-55 g/L)
Borderline High 150-199 mg/dL ALBUMIN: GLOBULIN (A/G) RATIO – SERUM, PLASMA
High TAG 200-499 mg/dL ADULT 1.1:1.8
Very High TAG Reference varies*
> 500 mg/dL
(acute and recurrent pancreatitis)

REFERENCE RANGES FOR SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAJOR HUMAN
ALBUMIN 53-65% of TP | 3.5-5.5 g/dL
LIPOPROTEINS
α1-globulins 2.5-5.0% of TP | 0.1-0.3 g/dL
CHARACTERISTICS CHYLOS VLDL LDL HDL
α2-globulins 7-13% of TP | 0.6-1.0 g/dL
Density (g/mL) 0.93- 1.019- 1.063-
<0.93 β-globulins 8-14% of TP | 0.7-1.1 g/dL
1.006 1.063 1.21
ƴ-globulins 12-22% of TP | 0.8-1.6 g/dL
Diameter (nm) 80-1,200 30-80 18-30 5-12
Total Lipid
98 89-96 77 50 ABNORMAL SERUM ELECTROPHORESIS PATTERNS
(% weight)
TAG (% weight) 84 44-60 11 3 ƴ spike Multiple myeloma
Total cholesterol β-ƴ bridging Hepatic cirrhosis
7 16-22 62 19 α2-globulin band spike Nephrotic syndrome
(% weight)
Major Protein APO APO APO Juvenile cirrhosis (AAT
APO B-48 α1-globulin flat curve
B-100 B-100 A-1 deficiency)
spikes of α1, α2, and β-
Inflammation
globulin bands
 NPN BILIRUBIN and LFT

NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE REFERENCE VALUE
PLASMA URINE B1 0.2-0.8 mg/dL 0-3 μmol/L
COMPOUND
CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION B2 0-0.2 mg/dL 3-14 μmol/L
(% of Total NPN) (% of Excreted N) DELTA BILIRUBIN < 0.2 mg/dL < 3 μmol/L
Urea 45-50 86.0 TOTAL BILIRUBIN 0.2-1.0 mg/dL 3-17 μmol/L
Amino Acids 25 –
Uric Acid 10 1.7 TOTAL BILIRUBIN = B1 + B2
Creatinine 5 4.5
Creatine 1-2 – DELTA BILIRUBIIN Reference Value
Ammonia 0.2 2.8 < 0.2 m g/dL (< 3 μmol/L)

UREA CONVERSION
urea N (mg/dL) ⇄ urea (mg/dL) TYPE OF JAUNDICE TB B2 B1
0.357 mg/dL → mmol/L Pre-hepatic ↑ ↔ ↑
Hepatic
1 urea N → 2.14 urea Gilbert’s Disease ↑ ↔ ↑
0.467 urea → urea N Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
* N = nitrogen TYPE I ↑ absent severely ↑

UREA REFERENCE INTERVALS TYPE II ↑ ↓ severely ↑

ADULT Dubin-Johnson Syndrome ↑ ↑ ↔
PLASMA/SERUM URINE/24H Rotor Syndrome ↑ ↑ ↔
6-20 mg/dL 12-20 g/day Jaundice of Newborn ↑ ↔ ↑
2.1-7.1 mmol urea/day 11.5-4.4 mmol urea/day Post-hepatic ↑ ↑ ↔
↑: increased
↔: normal
URIC ACID REFERENCE INTERVALS ↓: decreased
mg/dL mmol/L
ADULT (M) Plasma 3.5-7.2 0.21-0.43 Rosenthal White (Double Collection Method)
ADULT (F) or 2.6-6.0 0.16-0.36
CHILD Serum 2.0-5.5 0.12-0.33 Dose 2 mg/kg body weight of patient
Urine Specimen Collection after 5 and 30 minutes
ADULT 250-750 mg/day 1.5-4.4 mmol/day
(24H)
NORMAL VALUES
RENAL CLEARANCE AND GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE after 5 minutes 50% dye retention
after 30 minutes 0% dye retention
(𝑼𝑪𝒓)(𝑽𝒖 ) 𝟏.𝟕𝟑
GFR =
(𝑷𝑪𝒓 )(𝒕)
𝒙 𝑨 Mac Donald Method (Single Collection Method)

UCr urine (24H) creatinine concentration Dose 5 mL/kg body weight of patient
Vu total volume of urine Specimen Collection after 30 and 45 minutes
PCr plasma creatinine
t time NORMAL VALUE
1.73 constant surface area after 45 minutes < 5% BSP dye remains
A surface area
 may be used to differentiate Dubin Johnson and Rotor
After 45 minutes After 2 hours
CREATININE REFERENCE VALUE Dubin Johnson N ↑
SPECIMEN JAFFE ENZYMATIC Rotor ↑ ↓
0.9-1.3 mg/dL 0.6 – 1.1 mg/dL
ADULT (M)
(80-115 μmol/L) (55- 96 μmol/L)
Plasma
0.6 – 1.1mg/dL 0.5 – 0.8 mg/dL
ADULT (F) or
(53-97 μmol/L) (40- 66 μmol/L)
Serum
0.3 – 0.7 mg /dL 0.0 – 0.6 mg/dL
CHILD
(27-62 μmol/L) (0- 52 μmol/L)
800 – 2,000
ADULT (M)
mg/day
Urine (24H)
600 – 1,800
ADULT (F)
mg/day

AMMONIA REFERENCE INTERVALS

μg/dL μmol/L
ADULT 19-60 11-35
Plasma
CHILD 68-136 40- 80
140-1500 mg 10-107 mmol
ADULT Urine
N/day N/day