GRAMMAR LESSONS

CONDITIONALS

L3 microbiology (course 4) L3 (2021/2022)

By SAIDI Yasmine
 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

 Conditional 0
 Conditional 1
 Conditional 2
 Conditional 3
 Mixed conditionals
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Main If
clause clause

Result Condition

OR

,
Main clause
If clause Resu
lt
Condit
ion
A clause is a part of a sentence that has a verb and , tipically, a subject. It can stand as a
complete sentence and functions
as an adjective, an adverb or a noun
5 TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

Type 0

A general truth.
Likelihood =
100%
If can be replaced
by when.
Type 1
event happening in the
Probable
future.
Likelihood = > 90%

Type 2 Type 3
Present or future Past
improbable hypothetical/u
situations. nreal
Likelihood = < situations.
2%

Mixed conditionals
Present hypothetical/unreal
situation with a past
result.
Past hypothetical/unreal
situation with a present
result.
Zero conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
 TENSES AND USES

If clause Main clause

Tenses

Condition Result

Present simple
Present (simple, perfect,
progressive) Present perfect
Present progressive

 Facts which are generally true

Uses

 Facts that are always true

 Scientific facts
 Conditions that have always the same results
 EXAMPLES
If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

If the students answer

the exam correctly, they get high
grades.

If you drink enough water daily, you are well hydrated

 EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense.
 If you (heat) the ice, it (melt).
 If they (have) a good training, they (continue) it for six more days.
A
cell (use) a macromolecule as a source of energy if it (break down) it


first with extracellular enzymes.

2.
Decide which sentences are the “ if ” or “main clauses”
and form your conditional sentences.
 It rains. you get wet.
 We have bad sleep. We eat dinner just before we sleep.
 She can’t talk to you. She is eating.
 First conditional
Tenses
Uses
Examples
Exercise
 TENSES AND USES

If
clause
Tenses

Condition
Uses

Present (simple,
perfect,
progressi
ve)
 For real or highly
Main
likeli clause
future situations
 Predictions Result
 Promises
 Possibility Simple future
(perfect, progressive
 Cause and
consequences Imperative
Can, may, might