Conditionals

Made by Mykola & Vanya

 Rules
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present
simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause')

Zero Conditional If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real
world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific If + simple present Simple present
facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the
situation is real and possible.
If this thing happens that thing happens.

Examples:
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
Plants die if they don't get enough water.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.

In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with "when",

because both express general truths. The meaning will be
unchanged.
Test! https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/zero-conditional-
exercise-1.html
 Rules
In first conditional sentences, the structure is
usually: if/when + present simple >> will +
infinitive.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

First conditional
We use the first conditional when we
If + present simple Will+infinitive
talk about future situations we
believe are real or possible.
If this thing happens then this thing will happen.

Examples:
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I'll call you.

It is also common to use this structure with unless,

as long as, as soon as or in case instead of if.
TEST! (again)
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional-exercise-1.html
 Rules
Second conditional is always made by
structure:
if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

Second conditional
If + past simple Would+infinitive 1. We can use it to talk about things in the future
that are probably not going to be true. Maybe
If this thing happened then this thing would happen.
I'm imagining some dream for example.
2. Second, we can use it to talk about something
Examples: in the present which is impossible, because it's
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery) not true.
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. (If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man)
She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this
won't happen)

When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically

correct to say if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
However, it is also common to hear these structures with
was, especially in the he/she form.
Test (againagainagain)
https://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/second-
conditional-exercise-1.html
 Rules
Third conditional is always made by structure:
if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle

Third Conditional If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the

future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk If + past perfect Would + have + past participle
about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why
there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is
also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming If this thing had happened that thing would have happend.
true.

Examples:
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study
and so she didn't pass)
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

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https://test-
english.com/grammar-
points/b1/first-and-second-
conditionals/
Thanks for
attention!
See you next time