Directions

Describing habits and routines

Write down all collocations
 I wake up and get up from bed as soon as the alarm goes off at 5:30 o’clock a.m.
 Next, I head to the bathroom where I brush my teeth.
 Then, I take a shower and get dressed.
 Afterwards, I have breakfast with my parents and siblings at around 7:00.
 We catch the 7:30 bus at the bus stop.
 Most of the time, we arrive at school at 8:15.
 Classes start at 8:30.
 Break time is at a quarter past 10.
 We resume lessons fifteen minutes later.
 We eat lunch from noon to half past one.
 In the afternoon, we start classes at two after resting for an hour.
 When the bell rings at 4:00 p.m., it is finally time to go home.
 We take the bus again and reach home before 5:00.
 Later, we have our afternoon snack.
 Often, we do our homework before we can go out to play, watch TV, surf the Internet or play
video games.
 We have dinner at 8:00 p.m.
 Bed time is at 10:00 o’clock.
 Giving personal information
Lucy: Hello.
School librarian: Hello, what's your name?
Lucy: My name's Lucy.
School librarian: And what's your surname, Lucy?
Lucy: Moore.
School librarian: Can you spell that?
Lucy: M-O-O-R-E.
School librarian: Thank you. What class are you in?
Lucy: Class 1B.
School librarian: Class 1B. And how old are you, Lucy?
Lucy: I'm 13.
School librarian: Have you got a photo?
Lucy: Yes, here you are.
School librarian: Thank you ... OK, thank you, Lucy. Here's your school library card.
Lucy: Thanks. Bye.
School librarian: Goodbye.
Greetings
Formal or Informal?
We use formal greetings in situations that are serious or when we don't know people. We use informal
greetings in situations that are friendly and not serious. Let's take a look at some examples:
Greetings Formal or informal?
Hi Both
Morning, guys! Informal
Good afternoon/morning Both
How are you ? Informal
What's up? Informal
Pleased to see you. Formal
How's everything? Informal
Howdy? Informal
Greetings in Letters/Emails
When we write letters and emails, we usually use formal greetings. Take a look at these examples:
Phrase Level of Formality
Dear Sir/Madam Formal
I hope this email finds you well Formal
Dear Ms./Mr/Mrs. etc. Formal
I hope you are doing well. Formal
To whom it may concern Formal
I’m reaching out about . . . Formal

Telling the time

 Telling the hour + the minutes

Ex: 6:23 – it’s six twenty-three

 Telling the minutes + the hour

For minutes 1-30 we use past after the minutes.

For minutes 31-59 we use to after the minutes.

to 6:40 – it’s twenty to seven

6:25 – it’s twenty-five past six

past

Understanding and using numbers

Describing past experiences

1. Try to make your writing interesting for the reader. To do this, you can make it personal
with your own memories and experiences.
2. Use adjectives to add detail to your descriptions.
3. Write clear and simple sentences and organise your ideas in short paragraphs. Give
each paragraph a different topic.
4. Use so, but, and, because and other linking words.
Obligation and necessity
HAVE TO  is used to describe an obligation, a rule, something that is necessary.
We can also use must to express strong advice.

Should is not as strong as must or have to.

Ought to has the same meaning as should, although it is more formal and not as common.

Checking understanding
 Would you mind repeating that for me again?
 Would you mind going over that one more time?
 Sorry, could I ask you to tell me that (piece of information) again?
 Could you clarify what you meant by (challenging word)?
 Just a second, could I get a little more clarification on (X topic)? I just want to be sure
I understood.
 Sorry to interrupt, but I didn’t catch that. Could you run it by me one more time?
 Could you be more specific?
 I don’t think I got your meaning. Could you go over that again?
 I don’t think I quite understand what you meant. Would you mind repeating that?
Complex question tags
You haven't seen this film, have you?
Your sister lives in Spain, doesn't she?
He can't drive, can he?

Future continuous
We can use the future continuous (will/won't be + -ing form) to talk about future actions
that: 
 will be in progress at a specific time in the future:
When you come out of school tomorrow, I'll be boarding a plane.
Try to call before 8 o'clock. After that, we'll be watching the match.
You can visit us during the first week of July. I won't be working then.

 we see as new, different or temporary:

Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train.
He'll be staying with his parents for several months while his father is in recovery.
Will you be starting work earlier with your new job?
 Modals – might, may, will, probably
We use may and might to talk about things that are possibly true, but we don’t know for sure.

We use must when we are sure, or quite sure, that something is true.

Modals – should have/must have