11-12-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 11th December 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Badri cow breed of Uttarakhand to get a genetic boost 14 9 9 9 9

2
CMs must be consulted for appointing or removing 5 - 3 - -
Governors, says DMK MP

3
Is anaemia seen in 3 in 10 rural men due to iron 17 12 12 12 12
deficiency?

4 Will new Alzheimer’s drug work? 18 13 13 13 13

5
Lending a helping hand to eliminate TB as Ni-kshay 17 12 12 12 12
Mitra
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

The Hindu News Analysis – 11th December 2022 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

6 ED custody extended - - 3 - -

7 Japanese encephalitis confirmed in boy from U.P. 11 6 6 6 1

8 Those fascinating hornbills 17 12 12 12 12

9 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video

10 Mains Practice Questions

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Pg: 9 - B, D, H, T; Pg: 14 – C.

Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Current events of national and international importance.

Part B—Main Examination

PAPER-IV
General Studies‐ III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and
Disaster Management.
• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System objectives,
functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-
rearing.
• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

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Embryo transfer technology

• Technique – Collection of embryos from

donor female & transfer to recipient
females

 Recipients - surrogate mothers

• Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer

(MOET) Technology

Need

• To increase the reproduction rate of superior female animals

 From 1 calf to 10 to 20 calves in a year

Process

• Cow – Hormones induces FSH like activity – super ovulation

 FSH – induces production of eggs

 Super ovulation – multiple eggs

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• Insemination of eggs - fertilized Application

eggs/embryos
• Domestic animals
• Fertilized eggs/embryos – transfer to
• Wildlife species and exotic animals
recipient animals
• Humans and non-human primates
• Good quality eggs – Preservation for
future use

Benefits

• Increase in number of calves

• Genetic improvement & increase in selection

intensity

• Productivity increase

• Control of diseases

 Offspring from females affected with

disease, age injury etc

 No transmission of disease - bovine

leukemia virus, blue tongue virus, FMD
virus

• Saving of endangered animals from extinction

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Rashtriya Gokul Mission Significance

• Enhanced milk production & productivity

• 2014 – Central govt
of bovines
• Conservation and development of indigenous
breeds • Remuneration to the rural farmers

• Establishment of integrated cattle

development centres - Gokul Grams

 Development of indigenous breeds + 40%

nondescript breeds

Objectives of Rashtriya Gokul Mission

1. Development and conservation of indigenous breeds;
2. Breed improvement programme for indigenous breeds so as to improve the genetic makeup and
increase the stock;
3. Enhancing milk production and productivity of bovine population by increasing disease free
high genetic merit female population and check on spread of diseases ;
4. Upgrading nondescript cattle using elite indigenous breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, Rathi, Deoni,
Tharparkar, Red Sindhi ;
5. Distribution of disease free high genetic merit bulls for natural service;
6. To bring all breedable females under organised breeding through AI or natural service using
germ plasm of high genetic merits;
7. To arrange quality Artificial Insemination (AI) services at farmers’ doorstep;
8. To create e-market portal for bovine germplasm for connecting breeders and farmers;
9. To increase trade of livestock and livestock products by meeting out sanitary and phyto
sanitary (SPS) issues;
10. To select breeding bulls of high genetic merit at a young age through application of genomics.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. What is Embryo Transfer technology? And
explain how it is beneficial in increasing
the productivity of animals.
(150 words, 10 marks)

Pg: 5 – C; Pg: 3 – D.

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Governor:

• Chief executive head of the state.

Appointment of the Governor:
• Nominal executive head.
• Appointed by the president - by warrant
Qualification: under his hand and seal.
1. He should be an Indian Citizen
Term of office:
2. He should be 35 years old or more
• Five years from the date on which he enters
upon his office.

• Term - subject to the pleasure of the

President.

The private bill:

• Amend Article 157.

• Person should be an eminent personality in some

Issues in appointment & removal of walk of life.
Governor:
• Disqualify if –
1. Role of party in power at the Centre.
 Have attained the age of seventy-five.
2. State do not have say.
 Employment in Union/State governments/any
3. No sufficient qualifications, disqualifications Union/State-owned undertaking/ body/
and safeguards prescribed in the corporation/ agency/ any local authority in
Constitution. the preceding 10 years.

• Appointment & removal - after obtaining the

concurrence of the Chief Minister of the State.

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Practice Questions – Prelims

Q. Which of the following statements is
correct?
a) The speaker of the Lok Sabha can
dissolve the Lok Sabha.
b) The Governor can dissolve the
Legislative Assembly of a state.
c) The President can dissolve the Rajya
Sabha.
d) The Vice-President can dissolve the
Legislative Council of a State.

Pg: 12 - B, D, H, T;

Pg: 17 – C.

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Part A — Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
• Current events of national and international importance
• General Science.

Part B — Main Examination

PAPER – III
General Studies - II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
Resources.
Paper - IV
General Studies - III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Anaemia

• Condition where the number of RBCs or count

of haemoglobin (Hb), and consequently their
oxygen-carrying capacity, is insufficient to
meet the body’s physiological needs.

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Iron deficiency symptoms

• Nutritional causes:

 Iron deficiency:

 Iron needed for haemoglobin synthesis.

 Globally the most common cause of

anaemia.

 Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)

 Nutritional deficiencies of vitamin B9

(folate), vitamin B12 and vitamin A.

• Non-nutritional causes:
Sickle Cell Anemia
 Defective red cell production.

 Increased red cell destruction.

 Increased blood loss.

 Acute and chronic inflammation

 Parasitic infections.

 Inherited or acquired disorders affecting Hb

synthesis, RBC production or survival.

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Effects • Impaired sexual and reproductive development:

• Impaired cognitive and  Perinatal loss

motor development.  Prematurity and low birth weight babies.

• Decreased work capacity.  Prematurity.

• Affected immune response.

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Causes of Iron deficiency

• Decreased iron intake.

• Increased iron loss from the body.

 Women - menstruation.

 General - Helminths infestation

 Etc.

• Increased iron requirement :

 Pregnant women & children - highest iron

requirements.

 Pregnant women - 1.9 to 2.7 mg/1,000

Kcal.

Anaemia among Children and Adults

All India Status

No. Indicators NFHS-4 NFHS-5
(2015-16) (2019-20)
92. Children age 6-59 months who are anaemic (<11.0 g/dl) (%) 58.6 67.1

93. Non-pregnant women age 15-49 years who are anaemic (<12.0 g/dl) (%) 53.2 57.2

94. Pregnant women age 15-49 years who are anaemic (<11.0 g/dl) (%) 50.4 52.2

95. All women age 15-49 years who are anaemic (%) 53.1 57.0

96. All women age 15-19 years who are anaemic (%) 54.1 59.1

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Measures taken to address Anaemia in

India

• Supplementation Interventions: • Mid-day Meal programme - Supplementary

food to primary school children.
 Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Supplementation -
National Iron+ Initiative. • Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG) - nutrition
provision + IFA supplementation.
 Coverage - pregnant and lactating
women, and children in the age group of • Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation

6–60 months. (WIFS) Programme for Adolescent Girls and

Boys.
• Supplementary nutrition:
 IFA tablet + Albendazole tablet through
 Integrated Child Development Services
schools and Anganwadis.
(ICDS) - supplementary nutrition to
pregnant and lactating women at the
rate of Rs. 5 per day per woman.

News

• Anaemia Mukt Bharat - target to reduce  3 out of 10 men in rural areas and 1 of 5
anaemia in women, children and adolescents. urban men are anaemic

 IFA supplementation + Behaviour Change  Rural areas have more prevalence of

Communication + Testing and treatment of anaemia.
anaemia.
 Anaemia prevalence is higher among
Anaemia in Indian Men underweight men.

• NFHS-5 - 25% men in the age 15-49 years  Older men more vulnerable to anaemia.

are anaemic.  Reason for anaemia in rural men may not

• 2019 study: be iron deficiency.

 23.2% of men are anaemic - one in four

men.

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Practice Question – Mains

GS – II
Q. As per the National Family Health
Survey- 5 (NFHS-5), more than 50% of
pregnant women are anaemic. What are
the measures taken by the government
to address this problem?
(10 marks, 150 words)

Pg: 13 - C, B, D, T;

Pg: 18 – H.

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Disease:
Alzheimer’s disease
• Begins with mild memory loss
• Progressive neurologic disorder
• Loss of the ability to respond to environment
• Form of dementia
• Involved part - thought, memory, and
 Dementia - negatively affect
language
memory, thinking, and behavior.

Affected persons
Memory
Withdrawal loss
• Majority from
Trouble
with
friends,
familiar
 People over age 65 family, and
tasks
community

 People with family history of

condition Mood and Problem-
personality solving
• Person under age of 65 - younger- changes difficulties
Symptoms
onset Alzheimer’s

Decreased Speech or
personal writing
hygiene trouble

Disorientation
Decreased
about times
judgment
or places

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Practice Question – Prelims

Treatment
Q. Consider the following statements
• No cure regarding Alzheimer’s disease:

• Medications & treatments – slow down 1. Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurologic

the progress of the disease
disorder that involves parts of the
brain that control thought, memory,
 Ex: aducanumab (Aduhelm) and language.
2. People above the age of 65 years are
at high risk of getting Alzheimer’s
disease.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Pg: 12 - B, D, H, T;

Pg: 17 – C.

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National TB Elimination Programme

Tuberculosis
• Organizes anti-Tuberculosis efforts
• Bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Objective - bring down TB in India by 2025
• Affects the lungs
• Component of National Health Mission (NHM)
• Form of communicable disease
• Vision - "TB free India",

• Provides free of cost, quality tuberculosis

diagnosis & treatment services across country

• Administrative mechanism

 National level - Central TB Division under

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

 State level – State TB Cell

 Distrcit level - District TB Office

Ni-kshay Mitra initiative • Ni-kshay Mitras, - elected representatives,

political parties, corporates, NGOs & individuals
• NI-KSHAY - End TB
• Anyone affected by TB can register
• Web enabled patient management system for TB
control under NTEP  Good response - more than 52,000 Ni-kshay
Mitras have registered
• Developed & maintained by

 Central TB Division, Ministry of Health &

Family Welfare

 National Informatics Centre (NIC)

 WHO Country office for India

• Online platform for donors to help TB patients

 Nutritional, diagnostic & vocational support

offered

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Prelims Practice Question

With reference to Tuber culosis in India,
Consider the following statements:
1. India has the highest Tuberculosis
affected population in the world.
2. India has launched the Nikshay Poshan
Yojana, a Direct Benefit transfer
scheme for helping TB patients
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Directorate of Enforcement (ED)

• Specialized financial investigation agency.

• Functions under Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.

• Multi-disciplinary organization.

• Mandate - investigation of economic crimes (money laundering) &

violations of foreign exchange laws.

• Enforces

 Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)

 Provides quasi-judicial powers

 Conduct investigations into suspected contraventions of Foreign

Pg: 3 – Delhi Edition Exchange Laws and Regulations.

 To adjudicate & impose penalties.

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• Functions:
 Prevention of Money Laundering Act,
 To investigate contraventions of FEMA.
2002 (PMLA).
 To investigate money laundering under PMLA
 Conduct investigations to trace assets
derived out of crime proceeds.  Attachment & confiscation of property – if
crime proceeds derived from Scheduled Offence.
 To provisionally attach or confiscate
assets.  Processing cases of fugitives from India under
FEO Act, 2018.
 To arrest & prosecute offenders -
Money Laundering.  Attach and confiscate properties of the FEOs.

 Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018:  Render cooperation to foreign countries:

 Aim - to deter fugitive economic  Relating to money laundering

offenders (FEO).
 Restitution of assets under PMLA

Quiz Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following are the powers
enjoyed by Enforcement Directorate?
1. Confiscation of property under Prevention
of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
2. Investigate and impose penalties under
Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.
3. Attaching the properties of the fugitive
economic offenders.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below.
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only

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Pg: 6 - B, D, H;

Pg: 11 – C;
Pg: 1 – T.

Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) Transmission

• Swollen brain - infection or allergic • Bites from infected mosquitoes of Culex

reaction. species

• Flavivirus spread by mosquitoes • Breed in rice fields & large water bodies

• Same genus - Yellow fever, dengue & West • Migratory birds & pigs play important role

Nile Viruses.

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Symptoms

• No / Mild symptoms. Treatment

• Few develop brain inflammation (encephalitis). • Vaccines available
• Sudden onset of headache, high fever, • No antiviral treatment
disorientation and even coma.
• Treatment only to relieve symptoms

4 main types of JE vaccines

• Inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines

• Inactivated Vero cell-derived vaccines

• Live attenuated vaccines

• Live recombinant (chimeric) vaccines.

Prevention
• Immunization - best prevention
Q. Consider the following statements
• Strong reporting mechanisms & Surveillance
• India - mass vaccination started in 2005.
• Universal Immunisation Program.
Practice Questions - Prelims
regarding Japanese encephalitis
1. It is a flavivirus related to dengue,
yellow fever and West Nile viruses.
2. Most people infected with JE have
severe symptoms.
3. There is an effective antiviral
treatment for patients with JE.
Which of the following statement is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only

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Pg: 12 - B, D, H, T; Pg: 17 – C.

Hornbills:

• Tropical, subtropical Africa & Asia.

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HORNBILL

Great Hornbill:

• Largest hornbill species.

• Casque - bright yellow horn on its top.

• Beak - curved downwards helps while climbing

the tree.

• Stained by yellowish preen-gland oils.

• Wingspan - five feet.

Habitat -

• Mature broadleaved forest with fruiting tree.

• Unlogged old-growth forest with large trees.

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• Feeding behaviour – fruits, berries and figs.

• "Farmer of the Forest".

• Life span - 35-40 years.

• Conservation status –

 40% - Globally Threatened or Near

Threatened with extinction.

 All other species - Least Concern (IUCN

Red List of Threatened Species).

 Great hornbill - vulnerable.

 Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection

Act, 1972.

Previous Year Questions – Prelims 2016

Q. In which of the following regions of India
are you most likely to come across the
“Great Indian Hornbill’ in its natural
habitat?
a) Sand deserts of northwest India
b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and
Kashmir
c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat
d) Western Ghats

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Prelims Practice Question
With reference to Tuberculosis in India,
Consider the following statements:
1. India has the highest Tuberculosis
affected population in the world.
2. India has launched the Nikshay Poshan
Yojana, a Direct Benefit transfer
scheme for helping TB patients
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Practice Questions - Prelims
Q. Consider the following statements
regarding Japanese encephalitis
1. It is a flavivirus related to dengue,
yellow fever and West Nile viruses.
2. Most people infected with JE have
severe symptoms.
3. There is an effective antiviral
treatment for patients with JE.
Which of the following statement is/are
correct?
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only
11-12-2022
Practice Questions – Prelims
Q. Which of the following statements is
correct?
a) The speaker of the Lok Sabha can
dissolve the Lok Sabha.
b) The Governor can dissolve the
Legislative Assembly of a state.
c) The President can dissolve the Rajya
Sabha.
d) The Vice-President can dissolve the
Legislative Council of a State.
Previous Year Questions – Prelims 2016
Q. In which of the following regions of
India are you most likely to come
across the “Great Indian Hornbill’ in its
natural habitat?
a) Sand deserts of northwest India
b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and
Kashmir
c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat
d) Western Ghats
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Quiz Question – Prelims Quiz Question – Prelims

Q. Which of the following are the powers Q. Consider the following statements
enjoyed by Enforcement Directorate? regarding Alzheimer’s disease:

1. Confiscation of property under Prevention 1. Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurologic

of Money Laundering Act, 2002. disorder that involves parts of the
brain that control thought, memory,
2. Investigate and impose penalties under
and language.
Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.
2. People above the age of 65 years are
3. Attaching the properties of the fugitive
at high risk of getting Alzheimer’s
economic offenders.
disease.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below. Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 only a) 1 only
c) 2 and 3 only b) 2 only
d) 1 and 3 only c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Mains

Practice Question – Mains
GS – III GS – II
Q. As per the National Family Health
Q. What is Embryo Transfer technology? And Survey- 5 (NFHS-5), more than 50% of
explain how it is beneficial in increasing pregnant women are anaemic. What are
the productivity of animals. the measures taken by the government
(150 words, 10 marks) to address this problem?
(10 marks, 150 words)

26