Pump Theory, Design and Selection

Prof. Dr. Essam M. Wahba

Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering – Alexandria University
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
Turbomachinery

• PUMPS
Energy Consuming Machine Energy Producing Machine
Machines that deliver liquids.

• FANS, BLOWERS AND COMPRESSORS

Machines that deliver gases. Pumps Steam Turbines

Turbomachinery Specific Ratio Fans Gas Turbines

Fans Up to 1.11

Blowers 1.11-1.20
Blowers Hydraulic Turbines
Compressors More than 1.20

Specific Ratio = Discharge Pressure/Suction Pressure

Ref: ASME PTC11-2008 Compressors Wind Turbines
Pump Theory, Design and Selection
Pump Theory, Design and Selection

The Egyptian Shadoof

 Pump Theory, Design and Selection

Archimedes Screw Pump

Seven Archimedes screws pump wastewater in
a treatment plant in Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Each of these screws is 96 inches (2.44 meters)
in diameter and can lift 19,900 gallons per
minute. Manufactured by Lakeside Equipment
Company of Bartlett, Illinois, USA.
Pump Theory, Design and Selection

International Pump Manufacturers

Pump Theory, Design and Selection

Pump Classification

Positive-Displacement Pump Dynamic Pump

Reciprocating Rotary Rotary Special Designs

Piston Gear Centrifugal Jet

Diaphragm Sliding Vane Axial Hydraulic Ram

Lobe Mixed Flow Gas Lift

 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
Energy is added to the fluid through volume change

(a) Reciprocating piston pump

(b) Gear pump
(c) Double-screw pump
(d) Sliding-vane pump
(e) Three-lobe pump
(f) Double circumferential piston pump
(g) Peristaltic pump
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
DYNAMIC PUMPS
Energy is supplied to the fluid through
rotating blades and momentum change

(a) Centrifugal Pump

(b) Mixed-Flow Pump
(c) Axial Pump
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
DYNAMIC PUMPS
• Higher flow rates with moderate pressure rise
• Steadier discharge
• Ineffective in handling high viscosity fluids
• Generally need priming; if they are filled with a gas,
they can’t suck up a liquid from below into their
inlet.
• Complete shutoff would not cause damage
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
• Low flow rates with very high pressure rise
• Pulsating discharge
• More effective in handling high viscosity fluids
• Self-priming for most applications
• Complete shutoff would cause damage if pressure
relief valves were not used
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection

Given that the liquid can be handled by any of the three basic pump types and given conditions within the coverage of all
three, the most economic order of consideration for a given set of conditions would generally be:
• Dynamic
• Positive Displacement (Rotary)
• Positive Displacement (Reciprocating)
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
PUMP SPECIFIC SPEED CLASSIFICATION OF DYNAMIC PUMPS

 Q • Centrifugal Pump: 500 < Nsp,US < 4000

N Sp =
(gH)3 / 4 • Mixed-Flow Pump: 4000 < Nsp,US < 10000
• Axial Pump: Nsp,US > 10000

N Sp,US =
(n , rpm)
.
Q, gpm
(H, ft )3 / 4

N Sp,Eur =
(n , rps) Q, m
. 3
/s
(gH, m / s )
2 2 3/4
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 Pump Theory, Design and Selection
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Radial Bearing
Impeller

Thrust Bearing

Seal Volute Casing