Hydraulic

Pump
Lecture 3
BMMA 2333 – Hydraulic & Pneumatic Technology
Intro..

heat energy mechanical

mechanical out energy out
energy in

HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC EXTERNAL

PRIME MOVER
PUMP CIRCUIT ACTUATOR LOAD

Hydraulic
system

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 Basic operation of pumping

Pumping  a partial vacuum is created at the inlet due to internal operation of the
pump which allows atmospheric pressure to push the fluid out of the reservoir to the
pump intake point then mechanically pushes the fluid out of the discharge line

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Pump Classification

Pumps Dynamic
(non-positive displacement)
Positive Displacement

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 Convert rotational kinetic energy to
the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid
flow

Flow dependent on the speed and

outlet pressure

Dynamic
(non-positive Transport high volume of fluid, mainly
used to transport fluids from one
displacement location to another

)
low pressure applications, max.
pressure = 17 – 24 bars (250 – 300
psi)

Seldom used in fluid power system

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Dynamic pumps:
Centrifugal pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BAnnTLpros

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Dynamic pumps:
Axial flow

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 Ejects fixed amount of
fluid per revolution of
the pump shaft

Positive Constant output flow

and independent to
Displacement system pressure 
Pumps suitable for fluid power

Higher pressure 
pressure control valve

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 Advantages over the
dynamic pumps in fluid
power application
• High pressure capability (up to
Positive 827 bars or 12,000 psi)
Displacement • Small/compact size
Pumps • High volumetric efficiency (~92%)
• Can be operated over wide range
of pressure requirements and
speed
• Small change in efficiency
throughout design pressure range

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 Positive Displacement Pumps
Fixed Displacement
• Flow varies only with shaft
speed.
• Good for constant flow
and pressure applications.
• Less expensive than
variable pump systems.
Variable Displacement
• Flow can be varied at a
given shaft speed.
• Good for variable flow
and/or pressure
applications.
• more energy efficient.
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 Positive Displacement Pumps
Positive
displacement

Fixed Variable
displacement displacement

Screw Lobe Gear Balanced vane Piston Vane Piston

External Internal Radial Balanced Radial

Crescent seal Axial Unbalanced Axial

Gerotor seal Bent axis Bent axis

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
External Gear Pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6gwU7IHtlo

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Lobe Pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-fwWrFLiyY

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Internal Gear Pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6RiX5HDKQg

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Gerotor Pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioPhlT4a7jY

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 Gear Pump

•  Volumetric displacement of Gear Pump

Where:
VD = displacement volume of gear pump (m3/rev)
Do = outside diameter of gear teeth (m, in)
Di = inside diameter of gear teeth (m, in)
L = width of gear teeth (m, in)

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 Gear Pump

•  Theoretical flow rate

Where:
QT = Theoretical flow rate of gear pump (𝑚3 ⁄ 𝑚𝑖𝑛)
VD = Volumetric displacement gear pump (𝑚3 ⁄rev)
n = rotational speed of the pump (rpm)

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Vane pump (variable displacement)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnvzPoNSXCg

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 Positive Displacement Pumps:
Balanced Vane pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0_bGKHHHPM
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 Volumetric displacement of Vane
Pump
• 
• eccentricity  difference between centerline of
the rotor and the centerline of the cam ring
• The maximum possible eccentricity:

no flow will exist if the eccentricity is zero (0)

the actual volumetric displacement of vane pump
is occurs when e = emax

Where:
VD = volumetric displacement of pump ( m 3)
DC = diameter of cam ring circle (m)
DR = diameter of rotor (m)
L = width of rotor (m)
e = eccentricity (m) 20
 Positive Displacement Pumps:
Axial piston pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjLaU8nFnzE

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Radial piston pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a58zzqfF5N0

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Volumetric displacement of Piston Pump
• Volumetric
  displacement of Piston Pump
calculated by:

Where:
VD = displacement volume of piston pump (m3/rev)
D = piston arrangement circle diameter (m)
A = piston area (m2)
y = number of piston
tan (θ) = offset angle (˚)

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 Theoretical Flow Rate of Piston Pump

•  Theoretical flow rate of Piston Pump can be

calculated by:

Where:
QT = Theoretical flow rate of pump
D = piston arrangement circle diameter (m)
A = piston area (m2) D
N = pump speed (rpm)
y = number of piston
tan (θ) = offset angle (˚)

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Screw Pump

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mY7vfOzWeU

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Positive Displacement Pumps:
Screw Pump

•  Volumetric displacement of screw pump

• Theoretical flow rate of Screw Pump can be calculated by:

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 Pump performance comparison

Pump type Pressure rating Speed rating Overall efficiency Flow capacity
(MPa) (rpm) (Lpm)

External gear 14 – 20 1200 – 2500 80 – 90 1 - 600

Internal gear 3.5 – 17.5 1200 – 2500 70 – 85 1 – 750

Vane 7 – 14 1200 – 1800 80 – 95 1 – 500

Axial piston 14 – 80 1200 – 3000 90 – 98 1 – 650

Radial Piston 20 - 80 1200 – 1800 85 – 95 1 – 750

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Pump performance curve

http://www.gmpumpsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/GL-performance-curve.gif

BMMA 4833 28
http://www.elutionsolutions.com/e2m1-5-two-stage-rotary-vane-pump/
Hydraulic Pump Analysis
Pump Torque
• Theoretical/ideal
  torque :

• Actual torque

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Hydraulic Pump Analysis
Pump performance
• Pump performance can be determined from its efficiency:
1. Volumetric efficiency
2. Mechanical efficiency
3. Overall efficiency

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Hydraulic Pump Analysis
Volumetric efficiency, ηv
• 
• Volumetric efficiency indicates the amount of leakages
that takes place within the pump.

• Volumetric efficiency of gear pump : 80 – 90 %

• Volumetric efficiency of vane pump : 82 – 92 %
• Volumetric efficiency of piston pump : 90 – 98 %

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 Hydraulic Pump Analysis
mechanical efficiency, ηm
•• Mechanical efficiency indicates the amount of energy loses due to friction in bearings and other mating parts
 as well as fluid turbulence.
• Mechanical efficiency determined by (for metric units only)

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Hydraulic Pump Analysis
Overall efficiency, ηo
•  Overall efficiency consider all energy loses

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Pump selection
1. Determine load to be encountered
2. Determine the flow-rate requirements.
 flow-rate.
3. Select the system pressure.
 actuator size.
 Pump’s total head.
 Resistive force from the external load
 total amount of power to be delivered by pump
4. Determine the pump speed and select the prime mover.
 the flow-rate
 volumetric displacement Select the appropriate pump type for the
application.
5. Determine pump type for the application  pump curve

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Example 1
A gear pump has a 7.5 cm outside diameter, 5 cm inside diameter, and 2.5
cm width. If the actual pump flow at 1800 rpm and rated flow rate is 40
L/min, what is the volumetric efficiency of the pump?

 Answer:
First, find the displacement
= ___________ m3

Next, Find theoretical flow rate

= _________________________ m3/min

 Therefore the volumetric efficiency of the gear pump is:

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Example 2
•A  vane pump has a rotor diameter of 50 mm, a cam ring of 75 mm, and vane width
of 50 mm. if the eccentricity is 8 mm, determine the volumetric displacement of
the pump.

Answer:
Recall the formula

So
VD = _______ m3

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Example 3
• 
Find the flow rate in L/s from an axial piston pump which delivers fluids at
1000 rpm. The pump has nine (9) pistons with 15-mm diameter arranged
on a 125 mm diameter piston circle. The offset angle is set at 10° and
volumetric efficiency of 94%.
Answer:
Recall the formula

• the actual flow rate

QA = QT . ɳv = ________ m3/min = _____ L/s

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Example 4
• gear
A   pump has displacement volume of 100 cm3, delivers 0.0015 m3/s of hydraulic fluids at
1000 rpm and 70 bar. If the prime mover input torque is 120 N.m,
a. What is the overall efficiency of the pump?
b. What is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump?

Answer:

• theoretical flow rate

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Example 4

• So
  the volumetric efficiency is
• the mechanical efficiency
= ________
• Then the overall efficiency is
= ________
• theoretical torque is
TT = TA.ɳm =______ N.m

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