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I xc
yR yc
yc A
The moment of inertia about the centroid is given by the equation Ixc = ab3/12 where a is the width
of the area and b is the height. In our case, Ixc = (4 ft)h3/12. Substituting value of Ixc into the
equation for yR gives
4 ft h 3
I xc h h h 2h
yR y c 12
yc A h
4 ft h 2 6 2 3
2
A moment balance about the hinge is shown in the figure at the left. The distance, d, from the
hinge to the location of the resultant force is simply
d = h – yR – h = 2h/3 = h/3.
The moment balance about the hinge has only two
forces, FR and W. This balance requires that FRd =
W(3 ft).
Substituting d = h/3 and FR = h(2 ft) into this
moment balance with W = 2000 lbf and for water =
62.4 lbf/ft3 gives
h 2 2 ft 2000lb f 3 ft
h
3
3
62.4lb f
2 ft h 6000 ft lb f
ft 3 3
h = 5.24 ft
p4 p3 V42 V32
g z4 z3 0
2
Since both locations are at the same elevation, z4 – z3 = 0. We also have p4 = 0 because this
point is a free jet (open to the atmosphere.) At the throat, the manometer equation for the water
height of 0.10 m gives p3 + (0.1 m)w = 0 or p3 = –(0.1 m)w. Finally we can use the continuity
equation, V4A4 = V3A3, to give V4(0.06 m)(0.04 m) = V3(0.06 m)(0.02 m) or V3 = 2V4. Making
these substitutions in the Bernoulli equation gives.
2 w 0.1m
2
9800 N
0.1m 23.1m
V4 m3
3 1.23kg 1N s 2 s
3
m 3
kg m
(b) Determine the height, h2, at section (2) for the flow rate you found in part (a).
We can again apply Bernoulli’s equation, this time between section (2) and the exit to find the
desired height, h2. In this case Bernoulli’s equation becomes
p4 p2 V42 V22
g z4 z2 0
2
Midterm exam solutions ME 390, L. S. Caretto, Spring 2008 Page 3
Since both locations are at the same elevation, z4 – z2 = 0. As before, we have p4 = 0, and, the
manometer equation for the water height h2 at station (2) is p2 + w(0.05 m) = 0 or p2 =
-(0.05 m)w. Making these substitutions and the value of V4 = 23.1 m/s found above gives.
2
23.1m
V2
2
p p2 V4 V2
2 2
0 w 0.05m s
g z4 z2 4 0 0
2 2
Solving this equation for V2 and substituting data for and w as before gives
23 .1m
2
2 0 .05m 23.1m
2 2
9800 N
3
0.05m 1332m 2
V22 w
m
s s 1.23kg 1N s 2 s2
m3 kg m
Taking the square root gives V2 = 36.5 m/s. Finally, we can apply the continuity equation to find
the height, h2
h2 = 0.02534 m
(c) Determine the pressure at section (1) required to produce this flow.
This time we apply the Bernoulli equation between points (1) and (4).
p4 p1 V42 V12
g z4 z1 0
2
Since both locations are at the same elevation, z4 – z1 = 0. As before, we have p4 = 0, Since the
flow areas at both points (1) and (4) are the same, the two velocities are the same. These
substitutions in the Bernoulli equation give
p4 p1 V42 V12 0 p1
g z4 z1 0 0 0
2
p1 = 0
t
oVo AoVk ,o iVi AiVk ,i Fk
o1 i 1
Here we have one inlet and one outlet and we assume steady flow. This gives the following
balance equations in the two directions. Note that the pressure force is in the +x direction at
station 1 with no y component and we have to resolve the components of the pressure force at
station 2; the x component is –p2A2cos 20o, because it acts in the minus-x direction; the y
component is p2A2sin20o, because it acts in the +y direction. Fx and Fy denote the x and y
components of force required to hold the bend in place.
0.025m3 0.025m3
Q Q s 3.18m Q Q s 12.7m
V1 V2
A1 D12
0.1m2
s A2 D22
0.5m2
s
4 4 4 4
Using the density of water as 998 kg/m 3 we find the mass flow rate as
m V2 cos 20o V1 Fx p1 A1 p2 A2 cos 20o
m V2 sin 20o Fy p2 A2 sin 20o
We are given P1 = 150 kPa, but we do not know the value of P2. Since the flow is frictionless and
we have already assumed that it has constant density, we can use Bernoulli’s equation to relate
points (1) and (2) and solve for P2.
p2 p1 150kPa 74.5kPa
2 m3 2 s s 1000kg
0.05m 2
o
Fx p2 A2 cos 20 p1 A1 m V2 cos 20o V1
1000 N
2
kPa m
74.5kPa
4
cos 20o
Fx = –882 N
Fy = –156 N