Solution:

Given Data:

*The diameter of all rivets is: d  10 mm

*The thickness of each plate is: t  8 mm

*The number of rivets in a row is: nr  3

w  300 mm
*The width of the plate is:

*The tensile load on the plate is: P  80 kN

The tensile stress in upper plate in section 3-3 can be calculated as:
P
t 
t   w  nr d 
80000 N

8 mm  300 mm   3 10 mm  
 37.04 MPa
Apply the Bernoulli’s equation between states (1) and state (2):

P1 V12 P V2
  z1  2  2  z2
 g 2g  g 2g

Here,
P
 g is the pressure head.

V2
2 g is the velocity head.

z is the elevation head.

Assume the atmospheric pressure is zero. Both the pressure heads will become
zero.
1
z2  z1  h 
2g

V12  V22
........(1)
(d)

The relation between both the velocities can be obtained with the application of
continuity equation:

1 1  A2V2
AV
A1
V2  V1........(2)
A2

The linear momentum along the vertical axis can be written as:

Substitute all the values in equation (2):

V2  0.469 10 m s
 4.69 m s

Thus, the velocity of the water jet at point 2 is 4.69 m s .

(e)

Substitute all the values in equation (1):

1  10 m s  2   4.69 m s  2 
z2  z1  h 
2   9.81 m s 
2  

 3.975 m

Thus, the vertical distance h is 3.975 m.

Solution:

Given Data:

AL / B  2100 mm 2
*The cross-sectional area at the left of B is:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other questions again.

PL / B  50 kN
The axial load at the left of B in section 1-1 is

The normal stress at left of point B is calculated as:

PL / B
 L/ B 
AL / b
50000 N

2100 mm 2
 23.81 MPa

Thus, Option (b) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
D  150 mm
*The diameter of the collar is:
t  25 mm
*The thickness of the collar is:
d  100 mm
*The diameter of the shaft is:

 avg  100 MPa

*The average punching shear stress is:

 b  125 MPa
*The average bearing stress is:

The maximum axial load on the shaft according to the average bearing stress is
calculated as:

Pb ,max   b  Ab

  2

 125 MPa     75 mm    50 mm  
2


 1227184.63 N

The maximum axial load on the shaft according to the average punching shear
stress is calculated as:
Ps ,max    As
 100 MPa    100 mm  25 mm 
 785398.16 N

For the calculation of the maximum axial stress of the shaft, consider the
maximum axial force as 785398.16 N because at the higher load than this value,
the collar will fail.
The axial stress of the shaft is calculated as:

Ps.max
a  2
d 
  
2
785398.16 N

   50 mm 
2

 100 MPa

Calculate the force and other parameters needed:

F = m x a
Here:
m = mass
a = acceleration due to gravity
F = 1500 kg x 9.8 m/s2
F = 14,700 N
F=N-f
F = 14,700N - (20 % x 14,700N)
F = 14,700 - 2940
F = 11,760 N
 
for hoisting torque:
Hoisting torque = force x radius
Hoisting torque = 11,760 x (0.05 /2)
Hoisting torque = 294 N-m (multiply it by 75 the highest value in the gearbox
ratio)
Hoisting torque = 22050 N-m
 
for motor speed:
N = 120 x (f / P)
Here:
Frequency = 50 Hz 
P = Poles = 4 (assume that the motor is a 4 pole)
N = 120 x (50 / 4)
N = 1,500 rpm
 
for kw rating:
Torque = 9.55 (Pd / N)
Here: 
Torque (Accelerating torque ) = 12 N-m
Pd = power developed
N = speed 
 
Derive the formula in terms of Pd
Pd = (Torque x N) / 9.55
Pd = (12 x 1,500) / 9.55
Pd = 1884.82 watts or 1.88kW

(b)

3-phase squirrel cage motor with DOL (direct on line) control

With this type of motor and control gear, the motor will draw more current up to
full speed and along with the DOL (direct on line) control are protective devices
for the motor and condition monitoring. It is also used in high inrush current to
the motor so that it will not cause excessive voltage drop to the circuit. 

Solution:

Given Data:
s  0.4
 g  0.12

To initiate the motion, the pull force P must overcome the friction force
between the 45 kg block and the ground. The magnitude of the force P required
to initiate the motion is:

P  Fg
  g   27 kg + 45 kg   9.81 m/s 2
 0.12   27 kg + 45 kg   9.81 m/s 2
 84.76 N
Solution:

Given Data:
l 6m
*The length of the gate is:
b2m
*The width of the gate is:

(a)

The hydrostatic force at the gate can be calculated as:

Fh  P  l  b
  6m 
   water  g   3 m +  cos 30    l  b
  2 
  6m 
 1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2   3 m +  cos 30    6 m  2 m
  2 
= 659005.53 N

The vertical distance from the top water surface to the point of action of
hydrostatic force at the gate is:

3m
y 3m +
cos 30
 6.46 m

(b)

The centre of pressure location from the top water surface is calculated as:
 I
yp  y 
yA
bl 3
 6.46 m + 12
6.46 m 12 m 2
2 m   6 m
3

 6.46 m + 12
6.46 m 12 m 2
 6.92 m

The reaction at point A can be calculated by taking the moment due to all the
forces about the Stop:

M stop 0
Fh  3 m   y p  y     RA  6 m   0
659005.53 N  3 m   6.92 m  6.46 m  
RA 
6m
278979 N

Solution:

Given Data:
L  20 ft
*The length of the gate is:

The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force force at the gate can be
calculated as:
Fh  P  l  b
 6 ft 
   water  g    20 ft  6 ft 
 2 
 1.94 slugs/ft 3  32.2 ft/s 2  3 ft  120 ft 2
= 22488.5 lb

The vertical component of the force on the gate will be equal to the weight of
the fluid inside the gate:
 2
Fv   g  r L
4

  6 ft   20 ft
2
 1.94 slugs/ft 3  32.2 ft/s 2 
4
= 35324.82 lb

Thus, the horizontal force P required to hold the gate in place is calculated by
taking the moment due to all the forces about the Hinge H:

M H 0

 P  6 ft    Fh 
6 ft   4r 
   Fv  0
 3   3 

 22488.5 lb  2 ft    35324.82 lb 
8 
ft
  
P
6 ft
 22488.5 lb

The vertical distance from the top water surface to the point of action of
hydrostatic force at the gate is:

2m
y 1m +
sin 30
5m
The centre of pressure location from the top water surface is calculated as:

I
yp  y 
yA
d4
5m+ 64
5 m    1 m
2

  2 m
4

5m+ 64
5 m    1 m
2

 5.05 m

The minimum air pressure within the container to open the hatch can be
calculated by taking the moment due to all the forces about the Hinge:

M hinge 0

 
Fh   2 m   y p  y    P1     1 m  1 m  0
2

88328.11 N   2 m   5.05 m  5 m  
P1 

54825.64 Pa

Solution:

Given Data:

*The Dry Bulb Temperature of the moist air is: TDB  24C

*The moist air is at saturation state: RH  100%

From the Psychrometric chart:

@ TDB  24C and RH  100%

Specific humidity is: 0.0188 kg/kg of dry air

Relative humidity is: 100%
Dew point Temperature: 24C
Specific Enthalpy: 72.2 kJ/kg
Specific Volume: 0.87 m3 /kg

Solution:

The free body diagram for the simply supported beam is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about the left support 1 to determine the
magnitude of the reaction at the right support 2:

 120 N  5 m    360 N  8 m    450 N 15 m    R2 17 m   0

R2  601.76 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

R1  R2  120 N  360 N  450 N = 0
R1  328.24 N
Solution:

Given Data:
L  3 mm
*The length of the shaft is:
d  50 mm
*The diameter of the shaft is:
P  55 kN
*The axial compressive load is:
T  100C
*The drop in temperature is:
E  200 GPa
  0.3
  5  106 / C

(a)

The compression in the length of the shaft will be due to both the axial
compressive load and the drop in the temperature:

The change in the length of the shaft can be calculated as:

 PL
L  LT 
AE
 
 55000 N  3 mm 
 3 mm 11.5 106 / C  100C    

   50 mm   200 103 MPa 
2

4 
3
 3.87  10 mm
Negative sign indicates the shaft length is contracting.

(b)

The change in the diameter of the shaft can be calculated as:

d
 d
L
L
3.87 103 mm
d   0.3  50 mm
3 mm
 0.01935 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
T1  T2  9.8 N
t  0.74 s
y  2.02 m

(a)

The expected acceleration from equation (2) is calculated as:

aexp ected 
m g
1

M
9.8 N

9.8 N
9.81 m/s 2
 9.81 m/s 2

(b)
The experimental acceleration from equation (3) is calculated as:
1
y  aexp erimental t 2
2
2  2.02 m
aexp erimental 
 0.74 s 
2

 7.378 m/s 2

Solution:

Given Data:

*The diameter of the steering wheel is: D  375 mm

*The magnitude of the force on the steering wheel is: P  8 N

The perpendicular distance between the pair of forces is calculated as:

d  D  cos 30
 0.375 m  cos 30
=0.325 m

Thus, the moment exerted about the steering at O can be calculated as:
MO  F  d
 8 N  0.325 m
= 2.6 N  m  Clockwise 
Solution:

Given Data:

*The diameter of the vessel is: d  400 mm

*The thickness of the vessel is: t  20 mm

*The internal pressure is: P  4.5 MN/m

2

Check whether the vessel s thin or thick cylinder:

t 1

d 20
Thus, the cylinder is thin

(a)

The tangential stress in the steel is calculated as:

Pd
c 
2t
4.5  106 N/m 2  0.4 m

2  0.02 m
 45 MN/m 2

The longitudinal stress in the steel is calculated as:

 Pd
l 
4t
4.5 106 N/m 2  0.4 m

4  0.02 m
 22.5 MN/m 2

(b)

The new longitudinal stress in the steel vessel is 120 MN/m2. The internal
pressure can be raised upto the value:

Pd
l 
4t
P  0.4 m
120 MN/m 2 
4  0.02 m
P  24 MN/m 2

Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

Here, Ax is the horizontal reaction force at A, Ay is the vertical reaction force at
A and By is the vertical reaction force at B.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
3 
Ax    500 lb   0
5 
Ax  300 lb   

Take the moment of all the forces about point B to calculate the vertical reaction
force at A:

M B 0

 A 10 ft   600 lb-ft   54  500 lb  5 ft   0

y

Ay  140 lb

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
4 
Ay  By    500 lb   0
5 
By  260 lb

Solution:

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

    Fx  0
 FD  sin 30    FC  sin 30   0
FD  FC ......................  1

Take the moment of all the forces about point O:

M O 0
 10  0.5 m    50  0.7 m    100  1.35 m    FB  2 m    50  2.5 m  
 
   FC  cos 30  2.9 m  r sin 30     FC  sin 30 r cos 30  0
 
   FD  cos 30  2.9 m + r sin 30     FD  sin 30 r cos 30  
230  2 FB  2.512 FC  2.512 FD  0....................  2 

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
10  50  100  FB  50   FC  cos 30    FD  cos 30   0
FB  0.866 FC  0.866 FD  110  0....................  3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3) to determine the unknown
values:
FB  115
FC  2.887
FD  2.887

Solution:

Given Data:
*The dynamic viscosity of the fluid is:    poise

*The kinematic viscosity of the fluid is: v  0.044 stokes

The density of the fluid can be calculated by using the expression:


v



v
0.1 Pa  s
0.04 Poise 
1 Poise

104 m 2 /s
0.044 stokes 
1 stokes
 909.091 kg/m3

Solution:

Given Data:
P  6700 W
V  430 V
I  18 A

The power factor of the system can be calculated as:

P  VI cos 
6700 W
cos  
430 V 18 A
 0.866
Solution:

Given Data:
m  3.5 kg
k  2.5 N/mm
c  0.018 N  s/mm

The equation of motion of the given Spring-mass-damper system is:

mx  cx  kx   f
3.5x  0.018 x  2.5 x   f

Solution:

Given Data:
m  20 kg

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

Here, Ax is the horizontal reaction force at A, Ay is the vertical reaction force at

A, W is the weight of the beam and T is the tension in the cable.

The weight of the beam is:

W  mg
 20 kg  9.81 m/s 2
 196.2 N

Take the moment of all the forces about point A to determine the tension in the
cable:

M A 0
 T  sin 241 m    W 1.44 m    750 N 1.75 m    T  sin 70 2.88 m   0
3.113T   196.2 N  1.44 m    750 N 1.75 m 
T  512.38 N

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
 Ax   T  cos 24    T  cos 70   0
Ax   512.38 N  cos 24    512.38 N  cos 70 
 292.84 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
Ay  W  750 N +  T  sin 24    T  sin 70   0
Ay  196.2 N + 750 N  208.4 N  481.48 N
= 256.32 N

Solution:

Given Data:
m  3.5 kg
k  2.5 N/mm
c  0.018 N  s/mm

The roots of the equation from the transfer function can be calculated as:
s 2  20 s  100  0

 20    4 1100 
2
20 
s
2 1
 10

The root is single and negative. Thus, the system is critically damped system.

Thus, Option (c) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
  6
u  42 m/s
t  5.5 s

(a)

The height of the cliff is calculated as:

gt 2
h   u  sin   t  
2
9.81 m/s 2   5.5 s 
2

  42 m/s  sin 60 5.5 s  

2
 51.68 m

(b)

The speed of the stone just before impact at A is:

 u cos     u sin   gt 
2 2
V

 
2
 42 m/s  cos 60 
2
  42 m/s  sin 60  9.81 m/s 2  5.5 s
 27.39 m/s
(c)

The maximum height reached above the ground is:

 u cos     u sin   gt 
2 2
V

 
2
 42 m/s  cos 60 
2
  42 m/s  sin 60  9.81 m/s 2  5.5 s
 27.39 m/s

Solution:

Given Data:
F1  3 kN
F2  2 kN

(a)

The resolved components of both the forces are:

2
F1x  500 N   277 N
 3   2
2 2

3
F1 y  500 N   415.51N
 3   2 
2 2

F2 x  600 N  cos 40  459.63 N

F2 y  600 N  sin 40  385.67 N
The horizontal component of the resultant force can be calculated as:

 4
  Rx   750 N  sin 35    400 N  cos 30    600 N  
 5
 296.6 N   

The vertical component of the resultant force can be calculated as:

 3
  Ry   750 N  cos 35    400 N  sin 30    600 N  
 5
 1174.36 N   
The magnitude of the resultant force can be calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 296.6 N    1174.36 N 
2 2

 1211.24 N

The angle which the resultant makes with the positive x-axis is calculated as:

Ry
tan  
Rx
 1174.36 
  tan 1  
 296.6 
 75.83

(c)

The resultant moment about point O is:

M O   F1x  4 m    F2 x  4 m    F1 y  2 m    F2 y  2 m 
  277 N  4 m    459.63 N  4 m    415.51 N  2 m    385.67 N  2 m 
 2886.84 N  m  Clockwise 