Solution:

The free body diagram of the beam is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:

M A 0
 40 kips  48 in    30 kips 144 in    20 kips  288 in    E y  216 in   0
E y  55.56 kips

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
Ay  E y   40  30  20  kips = 0
Ay  34.44 kips
(a)

The Shear force diagram is shown below:

Thus, the maximum Shear force is 34.44 kips at A.

(b)

The bending moment diagram is shown below:

Thus, the maximum bending moment is 137.76 kips-ft at B.

Solution:

Given Data:

V1  0.6 m 3
P1  250 kPa
P2  300 kPa
V2  1.5 m 3

The work done during this process is calculated as:

W1 2  P2  V2  V1 
 300 kPa   1.5  0.6  m3
 270 kJ

Solution:

Given Data:
pwater  25.756 mm Hg
xsolution  0.1

The mole fraction of the water in the solution is:

xwater  1  xsolution
 1  0.1
 0.9

Thus, the vapor pressure of the aqueous solution can be calculated as:
psolution  xwater  pwater
 0.9  25.756 mm Hg
= 23.1804 mm Hg
Solution:

Given Data:
w  9 mm
h  4 mm
K 1
 c  0.3 kPa
E  200 GPa

The column is hinged at both the ends. The equivalent length of the column
must be same as the original length of the column.
Le  L

The critical buckling load for the given condition is calculated as:

 2 EI
Pc 
L2e
 2 EI
c  A 
L2e
EI
Le  
c  A
 0.009 m  0.004 m  0.004 m  0.004 m 
200  109 Pa   
 12 

300 Pa   0.009 m  0.004 m 
 93.6 m

Thus, option (b) is correct.

Solution:

The given force as a Cartesian vector can be represented as:

Fx   750 N  cos 45 cos 60   265.17 N

Fy   750 N  cos 45 sin 60   459.28 N
Fz   750 N  sin 45   530.33 N


F   265.17  i   459.28  j +  530.33  k  N

Thus, the coordinate direction angles of the force can be calculated as:

 
265.17
  cos  1   69.3
 
 265.17    459.28    530.33
2 2 2
 
 
1  459.28   127.76
  cos
 
 265.17    459.28    530.33
2 2 2
 
 
1  530.33   45
  cos
 
 265.17    459.28    530.33
2 2 2
 

Solution:

Given Data:
mi  1025 kg
m f  975 kg
Vi  305 m/s
The downward velocity of the gases can be calculated by calculating the change
in the velocity of the rocket as:

m 
V f  Vi  Vi  ln  i 
 mf
 
  1025 kg  
V f  305 m/s + 305 m/s  ln  
  975 kg  
 320.25 m/s

Solution:

(a)

The elastic modulus of titanium in GPa using the data from Virtual Materials
Science and Engineering (VMSE) is calculated as:
404.2 MPa
EVMSE 
0.0038
1 GPa
 106368.42 MPa 
1000 MPa
 106.4 GPa

(b)

The elastic modulus of titanium in GPa from table 6.1 is:

E6.1  107 GPa

Thus, the elastic modulus for titanium using the data from VMSE is very close
to the value of elastic modulus for titanium from table 6.1.
Solution:

Assign the coordinate axis as shown:

Part Area x y
1 1 x1  0 y1 
A1   d1  b1
2 d1 55 mm
1 
  55 mm  85 mm 3 3
2  18.33 mm
= 2337.5 mm 2
2 A2    R 2 x2  0 y2  C  21mm
    12 mm 
2

 452.4 mm 2

The centroid of the given shaded area is calculated as:

A1 x1  A2 x2
xG 
A1  A2


 2337.5 mm 2
 
 0 mm  452.4 mm 2  0 mm 
 2337.5  452.4  mm 2

 0 mm

A1 y1  A2 y2
yG 
A1  A2


 2337.5 mm 2
 
18.33 mm  452.4 mm 2  21 mm 
 2337.5  452.4  mm 2

 17.7 mm
Solution:

(a)
E 110
The value of for Iron in GPa can be calculated as:

1 1   1 1  
  3      2  2   2 2   2 2  
E 110  E 100   E 100 E 111  

1   1 1   2 
  0.707   0.707    0.707   0    0   0.707   
2 2 2 2 2
  3   
125 GPa  125 GPa 272.7 GPa   

 4.75  103 GPa 1
1
E 110  
4.75  103
 210.53 GPa

Here,    ,   represents the cosines of the angles between the given directions.

(b)
E 110
The value of for Iron in GPa from table 3.4 is:
E 110   210.5 GPa

(a)

The fatigue strength at 3000000 number of cycles can be calculated as:

10 L  3  106 cycles

L

ln 3  106 
ln  10 
6.5

at 106.5 cycles, stress amplitude is: 100 MPa.

Thus, the fatigue strength is 100 MPa.

(b)

The fatigue life for 104 MPa from the plot is:

106.25  1778280 cycles

According to Grashof criteria:

When the sum of the shortest link length and the longest link length is greater
than the sum of the other two intermediate link lengths, the mechanism would
be categorised as Triple Rocker.
ab  cd
13  3  11  4
16  15

The three non-fixed links will only rock.

Solution:

The contact ratio of the pinion and gear is calculated as:

L
CR 
pb
0.261

16  14.5 
 in  cos  
16  16 
0.261

0.177
 1.47  1.7

Minimum number of teeth required on the pinion to avoid interference for 141/2
stub is:
N min  32

Since, 16 < 32, Interference will occur.

The closest value of the change in momentum between 0 and 4 seconds can be
calculated as:
p  F0to  F4t4
 1  
 0    2 s 10 N    2 s  10 N  
 2  
 30 kg  m/s

Thus, option (b) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
Li  100 mm
d i  30 mm
rx  3.5
  
   MPa
n  0.17
a  0.8
b  1.2

(a)

The extrusion strain can be calculated as:

 x  a  b ln rx
 0.8   1.2  ln  3.5  
 2.303

(b)

The diameter of the extrudate is:

Ai
rx 
Af
1
d f  di
3.5
1
 30 mm 
3.5
 16.04 mm
The mass of the body is calculated as:
W
m
g
1150 lb

32.2 ft/s 2
 35.71 slugs

Here, g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Thus, option (a) is correct.

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

Given Data:
Dout  0.2 m
t  0.02 m
L 3m
P  50 kN

(a)

The Shear force diagram for the cantilever beam is shown below:
Thus, the maximum Shear force is 50 kN.

(b)

The bending moment diagram is shown below:

Thus, the maximum bending moment is at fixed end of magnitude 150 kN-m.

Solution:

The free body diagram of the bar AB is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about point B:

M B 0
 N  cos 50 4 m    W  sin 60 2 m   0
25 kg  9.81 m/s 2  sin 60 2 m
N
cos 50 4 m
 165.21 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

  Fy  0
By  W   N  sin 40   0

 
By  25 kg  9.81m/s 2   165.21 N  sin 40 
 139.1 N

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
Bx   N  cos 40   0
Bx  126.6 N
Solution:

Given Data:
M 1  2.8
A1
 1.7
A2

From the Normal shock relations:

M 3  0.4882
T3
 2.451
T1
Here, L is the final length of the spring after extension.

The following equations can be written based on the diagram above:

 2 ft  cos 60    L  cos    4 ft

L cos   3 ft.................  1

 2 ft  sin 60    L  sin  

L sin   1.732 ft.................  2 

Divide equation (2) by equation (1):

1.732
tan  
3
 1.732 
  tan 1  
 3 
 30

3 ft
L
cos 30
 3.464 ft
The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
 FAC  cos 30    FAB  cos 60  0
FAC  0.577 FAB .........................  3

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
 FAC  sin 30    FAB  sin 60   80 lb  0
0.5FAC  0.866 FAB  80.........................  4 

Solve equation (3) and equation (4):

FAC  40 lb
FAB  69.3 lb

Thus, the unstretched length of spring AC is calculated as:

FAC  k   L  Li 
FAC
Li  L 
k
40 lb
 3.464 ft 
50 lb/ft
 2.664 ft
Given Data:
mb  10 kg
mr  20 kg
e  25 cm
k = 1000 N/m
 = 0.05
N  250 rpm

The natural angular frequency is:

k

mr
1000 N/m

20kg
 7.071rad/s

The rotational angular frequency is:

2
r   250 rpm
60
= 26.18 rad/s

(a)

The amplitude of the motion can be calculated as:

2
 r 
 
Ao 
mb e
  
mr 2
   r  2   r  2
1       2
       
2
 26.18 
10 kg  0.25 m  
   7.071 
20 kg 2
  26.18  2   2
26.18 
1       2  0.05  
  7.071    7.071 
 0.135 m
(b)

The magnitude of the force transmitted to the sides of the washing machine is
calculated as:

Ft  Ao k 2   2 mr  r2
2

 1000 N/m    2  0.05  20 kg  7.071 rads    26.18 rad/s  

2 2 2
 0.135 m 
 
 144 N

Solution:

The Cartesian vector representation for all the forces in each cable is:

FAB  FAB 
 1.25i + 2j  3k 
 1.25   2    3
2 2 2

  0.327 FAB  i +  0.524 FAB  j   0.785 FAB  k


FAC  FAC 
 1.25i + 2j  3k 
 1.25    2    3
2 2 2

  0.327 FAC  i +  0.524 FAC  j   0.785 FAC  k


FAD  FAD 
  1j  3k 
 1   3 
2 2

  0.316 FAD  j   0.948 FAD  k

P   10000k  N
Separate the i, j and k terms and equate to zero for equilibrium:
i:  0.327 FAB  +  0.327 FAC   0.....................  1

j:  0.524 FAB  +  0.524 FAC    0.316 FAD   0......................  2 

k:   0.785 FAB    0.785 FAC    0.948 FAD   10000 N = 0.......................  3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3):

FAB  2121.341 N
FAC  2121.341 N
FAD  7035.332 N

Given Data:
  
F  12.5 kN

(a)
The average normal stress resisted in the plane of the weld can be calculated as:
P  sin 30
n 
40 mm  20 mm
cos 60
12500 N  0.5  0.5

800 mm 2
 3.91 MPa

(b)

The average shear stress resisted in the plane of the weld can be calculated as:
P  cos 30

40 mm  20 mm
cos 60
12500 N  0.866  0.5

800 mm 2
 6.77 MPa

The Taylor’s tool life equation is:

 VT n  C

 60 m/min    40 min   C
n

 120 m/min    5 min   C

n

40n  2  5n
8n  2
1
n
3

1
C  60  40 3

 205.2

Thus, the tool life when the cutting speed is doubled is:
1

 240 m/min   T 3  205.2

1
T 3  0.855
T  0.625 min

The tool will travel the distance before it is replaced is:

240 m/min  0.625 min = 150 m

Solution:
Given Data:

A  200 mm 2
E  200 GPa

The axial loading diagram is shown below:

The total change in the length of the bar is:

50000 N  200 mm 15000 N  300 mm 45000 N 150 mm
L   
200 mm  200000 MPa 200 mm  200000 MPa 200 mm 2  200000 MPa
2 2

 0.5313 mm

Solution:
Given Data:
P1  P2
z1  30 m
z2  0
V1  0
d  75 cm

Apply Bernoulli’s equation between state 1 and state 2 to determine the flow
rate of water:

P1 V12 P V2
  z1  2  2  z2
 g 2g  g 2g
V22
0  0  30 m = 0 + 0
2g
V2  2  9.81 m/s 2  30 m
 24.26 m/s


Q  d 2  V2
4

   0.75 m   24.26 m/s
2

4
= 10.72 m3 /s

Solution:

Given Data:
P  4502 N
 y  230.1 MPa

The diameter of the bar will be maximum when the stress developed in the bar
is just equal to the yield strength of the bar:
 P
y 

d2
4
4P
d
  y
4  4502 N

  230.1 MPa
 5 mm

Solution:

The velocity through the pipe can be calculated by applying the Bernoulli’s
equation:

v  2 g   0.6  0.45  m

 2  9.81 m/s 2  1.05 m

 4.54 m/s

The volume flow rate through the pipe is:


Q d2 v
4

   6 103 m   4.54 m/s
2

4
=1.28 104 m3 /s

The minimum time taken to fill the glass is:

1 m3
0.25 L 
1000 L
t
1.28 104 m3 /s
 1.953 s

Solution:

Given Data:
Ra  1.2 cm
Va  40 cm/s
rc  0.0004 cm
Vc  0.05 cm/s

The volumetric blood flow rate through the aorta must be same as the sum of
the volumetric flow rates of each capillary. The number of capillaries in the
body can be calculated as:
Aa  Va  n  Ac  Vc
 2 Ra   Va
2

n
 2rc   Vc
2

1.2 cm  40 cm/s

0.0004 cm  0.05 cm/s
 2400000

The volumetric blood flow rate through the aorta must be same as the sum of
the volumetric flow rates of each capillary. The number of capillaries in the
body can be calculated as:
Aa  Va  n  Ac  Vc
 2 Ra   Va
2

n
 2rc   Vc
2

1.2 cm  40 cm/s

0.0004 cm  0.05 cm/s
 2400000

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

    Fy  0
2  FAB  sin 35  500 kg  9.81 m/s 2
FAB  4275.8 N = FAC

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
FAB  cos 35  FAC  cos 35
FAB  FAC

Solution:

Given Data:
L2m
T  800 N  m

The maximum shear stress in the shaft can be calculated by applying the
torsion equation:
T 
 max
J i  J c  J o ro ,o
T  ro ,o
 max 

 
r 4  r 4   r 4  r 4   r 4  r 4 
2  o , i i ,i   o , c i , c   o , o i , o 
2  800 N  m  0.038 m

 
   0.025 m    0.02 m     0.03 m    0.026 m     0.038 m    0.032 m  
4 4

 
4 4

 
4 4


 11944904.1 N/m 2

Solution:
Given Data:
d  2 cm
v1  25 m/s
  
  180  120  60

The force exerted by the jet in the horizontal direction on the vane can be
calculated as:

Fx   water   d 2  v1   cos   cos  
4

  0.02 m   25 m/s   cos 15  cos 60 
2
 1000 kg/m 3 
4
 287.83 N

Thus, the closest answer is 287 N. Option (b) is correct.

 inner diameter of the casing    outer diameter of the tubing 

2 2
De 

(a)
 a a a
 101   100   201
2 2 2
 a2
     
2  2 2  a2 2
a
  12  02  12     12  02  02     22  02  12 
 4   4   4 
2 2 2
2a a 5a
 
4 4 4
2
3a 5a 2
  Not-Feasible
4 4

(b)
a a a
013   1 11  102 
2 2 2
 a2  2 2 2   a
2 2

2
  a2 2

  12   1  12       12  02   2   
2 2
   0  1   3    

 4     4     4   
10a 2 3a 2 5a 2
 
4 4 4
2
13a 5a 2
  Feasible
4 4

(c)
a a a
 101   110   011
2 2 2
 a2  2 2   a
2 2
 2  
2
 a2  2 2 2  
2

   1  0   1        1  1  0       0  1   1  
2 2 2

 4     4     4   
2a 2 2a 2 2a 2
 
4 4 4
2
a
a2   Feasible
2
Solution:

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly repost the other parts again.

(a)

The maximum normal stress can be calculated as:

W cos 36
 n ,max 

  0.5in 
2

4
 4.12W  Compressive 
(b)

The maximum Shear stress can be calculated as:

W sin 36
 max 

  0.5in 
2

4
 3W

(c)

The maximum bending moment can be calculated as:

 1.5 in 
M max   W  sin 36 
 sin 36 
 1.5W  Clockwise 

(d)

The maximum stress due to bending can be calculated as:

M max  b ,max

I d
2
M  0.25 in
 b ,max  max

  0.5 in 
4

64
 122.25W

(a)
The masses of CO2, O2 and N2 are calculated as:
mCO2.  1 44 kg = 44 kg
mO2  0.21 3.5 mole  32 = 23.52 kg
mN2  0.79  3.5 mole  28 = 77.42 kg

(b)

The total mass is calculated as:

M  mCO2  mO2  mN2
 44  23.52  77.42
 144.94 kg

(c)

The percentage carbon content by mass can be calculated as:

12
%C  100%
144.94 kg
 8.28%

Solution:
Given Data:
d  50 mm
G  28 GPa

The Torque diagram is shown below:

The angle of rotation of pulley D relative to pulley A can be calculated as:

TDC  LDC TCB  LCB TBA  LBA
D/ A   
J DC  G J CB  G J BA  G
800 N  m  2 m 300 N  m  3 m 600 N  m  2 m
  
  
  0.05 m   28 109 Pa   0.05 m   28 109 Pa   0.05 m   28 109 Pa
4 4 4

32 32 32
180
 0.1106 rad 

 6.34
Solution:

Given Data:
V1
r  20
V2
V3   0.05   V1  V2    V2
  

The cut-off ratio for the engine can be calculated as:

V1  20V2
V3  0.05   20V2  V2    V2
 1.95V2

V3 1.95V2
   1.95
V2 V2

The air standard efficiency of engine can be calculated as:

 1      1  



  1       100%
  r        
 1   1.95  1.4  1  
 1  1.4     100%
  20  
1.4   1.95   
 64.9%
(a)

The total power required to operate the heater can be calculated as:
4.184 J
 8600 cal + 77500 cal  
1 cal
P
3600 s
2 hr 
1 hr
 50.03 W

(b)

The total efficiency of the device can be calculated as:

77500
  100%
 8600  77500 
 90%

(7)

The distance through which the car travels in 4 hours is:

1000 ft
V
12 s

1000 ft  3600 s 
S   4 hr  
12 s  1 hr 
1 mile
 1200000 ft 
5280 ft
 227.27 mile
(8)

The distance through which the car travels in 10 minutes is:

175 miles
V
4 hr

175 miles  60 s 
S  10 min  
3600 s  1 min 
4 hr 
1 hr
5280 ft
 7.3 mile 
1 mile
 38544 ft

The free body diagram of the simply supported beam is shown below:
The values of the reaction forces are calculated below:

Take the moment of all the forces about point A to determine the magnitude of
the reaction force at B:

M A 0
 F1  L1    F2   50 cm  35 cm     W  25 cm    F3  42.5 cm   By  50 cm
 1.5 N 17.5 cm   1 N   50 cm  35 cm     5 N  25 cm    1.5 N  42.5 cm   By  50 cm
By  4.6 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
Ay   1.5 N + 1 N + 1.5 N  5 N   By  0
Ay  4.4 N

Solution:
Given Data:
N 2  20
Pd ,2 3  10
d 3  6 in
d 4  2 in
Pd ,4 5  8
N 5  48
2  1800 rpm  Counter-clockwise 

The number of teeth on gear 3 can be calculated as:

N 3  d3  Pd ,23
 6 10
 60

The number of teeth on gear 4 can be calculated as:

N 4  d 4  Pd ,45
 28
 16

The velocity of gear 5 can be calculated as:

 N  N4 
5   2   2
 N3  N5 
20  16
 1800 rpm 
60  48
 200 rpm  Counter-clockwise 

Solution:
Given Data:
Eb  105 GPa
 b  20.9 106 / C
Es  72 GPa
 s  23.9  106 / C
T  42C

(a)

The normal stress induced in portion AB can be calculated as:

 AB  Eb   b  T
  105  103 MPa    20.9 10 6 / C   42C
= 92.17 MPa
The normal stress induced in portion
BC can be calculated as:
 BC  Es   s  T
  72 103 MPa    23.9 106 / C   42C
= 72.27 MPa

(b)

The corresponding deflection of point B is:

 B   A/ B   C / B
  LAB   b  T    LBC   s  T 
  
 20.9  106 / C  42C  LAB  23.9  10 6 / C  42C  LBC 
 8.778  104 LAB  1.0038 103 LBC

Here, LAB and LBC are the lengths of section AB and BC respectively.

Solution:

The diameter at any distance x from end A is:

  d  dA 
d  x  dA   B x
 L 

The polar moment of inertia at that distance x from end A is:

4
   d  dA 
J  x    dA   B x
32   L 

Apply the torsion equation to determine the angle of twist along the length of
the bar:
L Tdx
 
0 GJ  x 
L 32Tdx
 4
0
  d  dA 
 G d A   B x 
  L 
L
 
 
32T  1 
   3 
 G    d B  d A   d  dA  
3   dA  B x 
   L   L    0
 
32TL  1 1 
  3  3 
3 G  d B  d A   d A d B 

Solution:

Given Data:
Qc  6 kW
Tc  277 K
Qh  10 kW
Th  300 K

(a)

The rate of work input required is:

W  Qc  Qh
  6  10  kW
=  4 kW
Negative sign indicates that the work is input to the system.

(b)

The coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is:

Qc
COP 
W
6 kW

4 kW
 1.5

(c)

The coefficient of performance of the Carnot refrigerator is:

Tc
COPCarnot 
Th  Tc
277 K

 300  277  K
 12.04

The expression of F1 in terms of yo , y1 and k is:

F  Fo  F1
F1  F  Fo
 ky  kyo
 k  y  yo 
 ky1

(a)

The moment of inertia of the section is calculated as:

 0.02 m    0.02 m   0.25 m 0.02 m  0.25 m   0.3 m + 0.02 m   

 0.3 m 
3 3 2

I  2    
12   12 4  
 3.013333 104 m 4
 301 106 m 4

Thus, option (c) is correct.

(b)

The maximum bending stress in the beam is:

M max  max

I  0.15 m + 0.02 m 
 5000 N/m  36 m 2 
   0.17 m
 8 
 max  6
30110 m 4
1 MPa
 12707641.2 N/m 2 
1106 N/m 2
 12.7 MPa

Thus, option (d) is correct.

The rate of heat generation can be calculated as:

Q  T 
 2 2 tan 3   
   a  b   a 
4
 4

 4Y  cos  
 2  2 
2
3 
 2  0.33 N  s/m  120  rad/s    tan 43  
 60 
    0.05 m  0.055  4   0.05 m  4 


 3

4  0.23 10 m   cos 43   


 
 45.5 W