LATERAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING

Lu > Lc
Lu = L = unbraced length
Lc = unbraced length limit for compact

Allowable bending stress in tension = 0.6 Fy

Allowable bending stress in compression

L 703270C b
  Fb = 0.6 Fy
rT Fy
703270Cb L 3516330Cb
   Fb = (eqn 506-6)
Fy rT Fy
L 3516330Cb
  Fb = (eqn 506-7)
rT Fy

(506-6 or 506-7) & 506-8  Higher Fb = Fb

d 1d d
 
2 32 6

Single curvature Reverse curvature

Double curvature
 2
M M 
C b  1.75  1.05 1  0.3 1   2.3
M2  M2 
M 2  M1
L1 L2 L33
M1
 0 or " positive" when reverse curvature
M2
M1
 0 or " negative" when single curvature
M2
 M max in the segment  M 2  C b  1.0
cantilever  C b  1.0

M1
 
M2

Sample:

50 kN
40 kN m
m

0.75
DFBA  10.5  0.46154
0.75 1
10.5 12
DFBC  0.53846
FEM’s
1
M BA   4010.5 2 1.5  551.25kN  m
12
1
M BC   5012 2  600kN  m
12
Final M’s
MA  0
M B  551.25 0.53846  600 0.46154  573.75kN  m
 0.53846 
M C  600   600  551.25    613.12kN  m
 2 
Span AB
wl M AB  M BA 4010.5 573.75 w
VAB      155.36kN
2 L 2 10.5
wl M BA  M AB x
VBA  
2 L
Point of zero shear VA
x  3.8840m

M pos 
1
155.36 3.884  301.70kN  m F  0
2 VA  wx
Span BC
VA
5012 573.75  613.12 x
VBC    296.72kN w
2 12
x  5.9344m
1
M pos   296.72 5.9344  573.75  306.68kN  m
2

Using W24 and A-36 steel, determine the lightest section for the prismatic beam.

a. Assume full lateral support

Fb  0.66Fy  0.66 248  163.6MPa h

613.12  10 6 h 6
Req' d Sx   3745.8  10 3 mm 3
163.6
W24  103, Sx  4015  103 mm 3

b. Assume that the lateral supports are at the vertical supports only.

b f  228.6; t f  24.89; d  623.06; t w  13.97

h  d  2t f  573.28mm
h 573.2813.97
AT  bf t f  t w  228.6 24.89   7024.6mm2
6 6
1 
IT   24.89 228.6 
3 573.28
13.97   24.800106 mm4
12  6 
IT
rT   59.418mm
AT

From steel handbook:

rT  59.18mm
 200b f 200 228.6
Lc    2903.2mm
Fy 248
137900 137900 228.6  24.89   L c  2903.2mm
Lc    5077.9mm
d
 Fy  623.06 248
Af
For span AB

Lu = 10.5 m > Lc = 2.9032 m

L  10500  177.42
rT 59.18
M1  0
 C b  1.75
M 2  573.75
703270Cb
 70.446
Fy
3516330Cb
 157.52  L
Fy rT

(506-7)
1172100C b
Fb  2
 65.162MPa
L 
 r 
 T
(506-8)
82740C b 827401.75 228.6  24.89 
Fb    125.93MPa
 Ld  10500 623.06 
 A 
 f 
 Fb  125.93MPa

Span BC

L = 12 m
L 12000
  202.77
rT 59.18
M1  573.75kN  m
M 2  613.12kN  m
2
  573.75    573.75 
C b  1.75  1.05   0.3   1.0301
 613.12   613.12 
7032701.0301
 54.047
248
 35163301.0301
 120.85  202.77
248
 Use 506  7
827401.0301 228.6  24.89 
Fb   64.861MPa
12000 623.06 
1172100C b 1172100 1.0301
Fb    29.365MPa
L 
2
 202.77  2
 r 
 T

64.861 MPa < 125.93 MPa

 Use Fb = 64.861 MPa
613.12 106
Req' d Sx   9452.8 103 mm 3
64.861
 Use W40  167; Sx  9816  103 mm 3
Assignment # 2

Determine the lightest section with lateral supports at 1/3 point.

0.75
DFBA  10.5  0.46154
0.75 1
10.5 12
DFBC  0.53846

FEM’s
1
M BA   4010.5 2 1.5  551.25 kN  m
12
1
M BC  M CB   5012 2  600 kN  m
12
Final M’s:
MA  0
M B  551.25 0.53846  600 0.46154  573.75 kN  m
1
M C  600   600  551.25 0.53846  613.13 kN  m
2
Span AB:
4010.5 0  573.75
VBA    155.36 kN
2 10.5
155.36
x  3.8839 m
40
1
M pos  155.36  3.8839  301.70 kN  m
2
40 3.5
2
10.5
@x   3.5 m, M  155.36 3.5   298.75 kN  m
3 2
40 7 
2
2
@x  10.5  7 m, M  155.36 7    107.50 kN  m
3 2
Span BC:
5012 573.75  613.13
VBC    296.72 kN
2 12
 296.72
x  5.9344 m
50
1
M pos   296.72  5.9344  573.75  306.68 kN  m
2
50 4 
2
@x  4 m, M  296.72 4    573.75  213.13 kN  m
2
50 8
2
@x  8 m, M  296.72 8   573.75  200.01 kN  m
2

W24  103
rt  59.18 mm
d  623.06 mm
b f  228.60 mm
t f  24.89 mm

Segment 1:
Design M = 298.75 kN-m, L = 3.5 m, L r  59.142
t
C b  1.75
703270C b
 70.446  L
Fy rt
 Fb  0.6Fy  0.6 248  148.8 MPa
M 298.75  10 6
Req' d Sx    2007.7  103 mm 3
Fb 148.8
Segment 2:
Design M = 301.70 kN-m, L = 3.5 m, L r  59.142
t
C b  1.0
703270Cb
 53.252  L
Fy rt

3516330Cb
 119.07  L
Fy rt

 2 248 59.142 2 
 Fb  248    144.94 MPa  0.6Fy
 3 105500001.0 
M 301.70  10 6
Req' d Sx    2081.5 103 mm 3
Fb 144.94
Segment 3:
 Design M = 573.75 kN-m, L = 3.5 m, L r  59.142
t
2
 107.5   107.5 
C b  1.75  1.05   0.3   1.9573  2.3
 573.75   573.75 
703270Cb
 74.501  L
Fy rt
 Fb  0.6Fy  148.8 MPa
M 573.75  10 6
Req' d Sx    3855.8  103 mm 3
Fb 148.8
Segment 4:
Design M = 573.75 kN-m, L = 4 m, L r  67.590
t
2
 213.13   213.13 
C b  1.75  1.05   0.3   2.1814  2.3
 573.75   573.75 
703270Cb
 78.651  L
Fy rt
 Fb  0.6Fy  148.8 MPa
M 573.75  10 6
Req' d Sx    3855.8  103 mm 3
Fb 148.8
Segment 5:
Design M = 306.68 kN-m, L = 4 m, L r  67.590
t
C b  1.0
703270Cb
 53.252  L
Fy rt

3516330Cb
 119.07  L
Fy rt

2 248 67.59  
2
 Fb  248    138.70 MPa  0.6Fy
 3 105500001.0 
M 346.05  106
Req' d Sx    2494.9  103 mm 3
Fb 138.70
Segment 6:
Design M = 613.13 kN-m, L = 4 m, L r  67.590
t
2
 200.01   200.01 
C b  1.75  1.05   0.3   2.1244  2.3
 613.13   613.13 
703270Cb
 77.616  L
Fy rt
  Fb  0.6Fy  148.8 MPa
M 613.13  106
Req' d Sx    4120.5  10 3 mm 3
Fb 148.8
 Req' d Sx  4120.5 103 mm3
Use W21122, Sx  4474 103 mm3

Quiz # 2

1. Determine the lightest section for the rafters using A-50 steel. Assume full lateral
supports.
 200
200 200
200 200
100 100
2.3 m
I I

1.5I 1.5I 4m

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6

200 c  cosθ
200
200
100

C 2.3 m
I 100 200 200
B

1.5I 4m A B C

4m m
A

1.6 1.7 1.8

1.5
DFBA  4  0.67721
1.5  1
4 31.3
DFBC  0.32279
FEM’s:
200c  1.6  3.5   3.3  1.8  
2 2

M BC  2          232.93 kN  m
5.1
c
 
 c  c   c  c  

M CB 
200
 5.1 2

1.6 2  3.5   3.3 2 1.8  219.62 kN  m 
Final moments:
 M B  232.93 0.67721  157.71 kN  m
1
M C  219.62   232.93 0.32279  254.51 kN  m
2
200c  3.5 1.8  157.74  254.51
VBC      188.87c
5.1  c c  5.1
c c
1.6
x  from B
c
 1.6 
M pos  188.87c   157.74  144.45 kN  m
 c 
 M design  M max  254.51 kN  m
M 254.51 103
Req' d Sx    1117.7  10 3 mm 3
0.66Fy 0.66 345
Use W16  45, Sx  1191  103 mm 3

2. Determine the maximum uniform load w that the beam can carry using A-36
steel. The lateral supports are as shown below.

0.75
DFBA  9.5  0.38111
0.75 1
9.5 7.8
DFBC  0.61889
FEM’s:
1
M AB   0.8w  9.5 2  2.4067w
30
1
M BA   0.8w  9.5 2  3.61w
20
1
w  7.8  5.07w
2
M BC  M CB 
12
Final moments:
MA  0
 2.4067 
M B  0.61889 3.61    0.38111 5.07   4.9112w
 2 
 1 2.4067 
M C  5.07   5.07  3.61   0.61889  5.1525w
2 2 
Span AB:
1
VAB   0.8w  9.5  4.9112w  0.74970w
3 2  9.5
0.8w
w x   x
9.5
F  0
1
w  x   x  0.74970w
2
0.8x 2
 0.74970
2 9.5
x  4.2196 m from A
2
M pos   0.7497w  4.2196   2.1090w
3
1  0.8w  2
M D  0.74970w  6     6  6   1.4666w
6  9.5 
Span BC:
7.8w 4.9112  5.1525
VBC    3.8691w
2 7.8
x  3.8691 m from B
1
M pos   3.8691w  3.8691  4.9112w  2.5736w
2
w
M E  3.8691w 3.8   3.8  4.91112w  2.5714w
2

BW450  70 b f  150 mm
S x  1276  10 mm
3 3
t f  16 mm
rt  38.2 mm d  450 mm
200150
lc   1905.0 mm  governs!
248
137900150 16
  2965.6 mm
450 248

Panel AD
 l b  6000mm  lc , C b  1.0, M max  2.109w
l 6000
  157.07
rt 38.2
7032701.0
 53.252
248
35163301.0
 119.07
248
1172100 1.0 
Fb   47.509 MPa
157.07  2
827401.0 150 16 
  73.547 MPa
6000 450 
 0.6 248   148.8 MPa
 Fb  73.547 MPa

Fb 
M
Sx
 
 2.109w  73.547 1276  103 10 6

w  44.498 kN
m
Panel DB
l b  3500mm  l c

M1  1.4666w, M 2  4.9112w, M1  0.29862

M2
C b  1.75  1.05 0.29862  0.3 0.29862  2.0903  2.3
2

l 3500
  91.623
rt 38.2
703270 2.0903
 76.991
248
3516330 2.0903
 172.16
248
2 248 91.623 
2
Fb  248    141.92 MPa
 3 10550000 2.0903 
82740 2.090315016 
  263.55 MPa
3500 450
 0.6 248  148.8 MPa
 Fb  148.8 MPa
 
4.9112w  148.8 1276  103  10 6
w  38.660 kN
m
Panel BE
 l b  3800 mm  l c
M1
M 1  2.57w, M 2  4.9112w,  0.52329
M2
C b  1.75  1.05 0.52329   0.3 0.52329   2.3816  2.3
2

 C b  2.3
l 3800
  99.476
rt 38.2
703270 2.3
 80.761
248
3516330 2.3
 180.59
248
 2 248 99.476 2 
Fb  248    140.25 MPa
 3 10550000 2.3 
82740 2.3150 16
  267.09 MPa
3800 450 
 0.6 248  148.8 MPa
 Fb  148.8 MPa
 
4.9112w  148.8 1276  103  10 6
w  38.660 kN
m
Panel EC
l b  4000 mm  l c

M1  2.57w, M 2  5.1525w, M1  0.49879

M2
C b  1.75  1.05 0.49879  0.3 0.49879  2.3484  2.3
2

 C b  2.3
l 4000
  104.71
rt 38.2
703270 2.3
 80.761
248
3516330 2.3
 180.59
248
2 248104.71 
2
Fb  248    137.54 MPa
 3 10550000 2.3 
82740 2.3150 16
  253.74 MPa
4000 450 
 0.6 248  148.8 MPa
  Fb  148.8 MPa
 
5.1525w  148.8 1276  103  10 6
w  36.850 kN
m
 w  36.850 kN
m